CN102752012A - Air vehicle measurement and control system with upper and down links utilizing different spectrum spreading systems - Google Patents
Air vehicle measurement and control system with upper and down links utilizing different spectrum spreading systems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air vehicle measurement and control system with upper and down links utilizing different spectrum spreading systems. An upper remote control link of the system is based on a direct spreading_frequency hopping mixed spectrum spreading system, and a down remote measuring link of the system utilizes a direct sequence spectrum spreading system. The air vehicle measurement and control system is divided into an air vehicle part and a ground station part, wherein an air vehicle parameter data collection module, a data processing module, a remote measuring data frame transmission and framing module, a direct sequence spectrum spreading modulation module, a transmitter, a transmission antenna, a receiving antenna, a radio frequency front end module, a spreading frequency hopping mixed demodulation module and a remote control data frame receiving and decoding module are carried on the air vehicle; and the ground station part comprises an instruction processing module, a remote control data frame transmission and framing module, a spreading frequency hopping mixed modulation module, a ground station transmitter, a ground station transmission antenna, a ground station receiving antenna, a ground station radio frequency front end module, a direct sequence spectrum spreading demodulation module and a remote measuring data frame receiving and decoding module. The air vehicle measurement and control system has the advantages of being strong in anti-interference performance and anti-intercept performance and suitable for being used under complex electromagnetic environments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the TT&C system that a kind of uplink downlink adopts different spread spectrum systems, belong to the aircraft measurement and control area.
Background technology
Two great tradition difficult points of aircraft observing and controlling are: weak signal is with dynamically high.Since the volume restrictions of aircraft transmitting power and the Propagation of Energy decay of long distance of signal, the signal energy that arrives ground receiver is very faint; And the signal that the height of aircraft dynamically causes arriving ground receiver has produced Doppler effect.Along with the continuous development of electronic reconnaissance and countermeasure techniques, measurement and control system of aircraft is faced with the third-largest difficult point: anti-interference.The civilian measurement and control system of aircraft of countries such as present America and Europe adopts the DSSS system to improve antijamming capability, and the just widely used spaceflight TT&C system of China has also adopted the DSSS system.But this single spread spectrum system antijamming capability is limited, and especially along with the development of modern signal detection technique and hardware performance, it can not satisfy the demand to safety and anti-interference exigent some special dimension.
Spread spectrum is meant to be expanded the frequency spectrum of information to be transmitted with certain specific spread spectrum mode, become broadband signal, and receiving terminal utilizes corresponding means that it is compressed, thereby obtains the communication technology of transmission information.Difference according to the spread-spectrum mode; Spread spectrum can be divided into direct sequence (DS, Direct Sequence) spread spectrum, frequency hopping (FH, Frequency Hopping) spread spectrum, (TH when jumping; Time Hopping) spread spectrum, linear frequency modulation; And the hybrid spread spectrum that combines by above-mentioned two or more single spread spectrum mode, like straight expansion _ frequency hopping (DS_FH, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum_Frequency Hopping) hybrid spread spectrum system.
DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum system is with two kinds of spread spectrums the most effectively: directly expand with frequency hopping and combine; Have good anti-interception capability, communication distance far away than single spread spectrum mode, can overcome multipath effect and near-far interference and the equipment with frequency range work is disturbed characteristics such as little; It is the jamproof system that is full of vitality most of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad; Wherein the most successful example is the Joint Army-Navy-Air Force tactics information issuing system (JTIDS, Joint Tactical Information Distribution System) of the U.S..JTIDS is the defence development plan that the Joint Army-Navy-Air Force of U.S.'s development uses, and it is the integrated system that integrates communication-navigation-functions such as identification, adopts the straight expansion and the frequency hopping hybrid spread spectrum technology of time-division multiplex.But the hybrid spread spectrum technology among the JTIDS can not be applied to the aircraft measurement and control area.Because JTIDS is a kind of hybrid spread spectrum system that adopts the time division multiple access access way, advantage is that the method for synchronization is simple, adopts clock synchronization mode to get final product, and need not carrier phase tracking and spreading code Phase Tracking; Receiver does not need complicated track algorithm, and it is very high that the frequency hopping rate of JTIDS can design.The defective of time division multiple access is to distribute to that each user's time chip is very short and be interrupted, and each amount of information of sending is restricted, and the rate of information throughput is lower; The JTIDS time slot has distributed the guard time of about 2ms when dividing, the operating distance of system is limited in 600 kilometer range.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of measurement and control system of aircraft that can under complex electromagnetic environment, work, integrate the telemetry communication function is provided.
The invention discloses the measurement and control system of aircraft that a kind of uplink downlink adopts different spread spectrum systems; Descending telemetry link adopts DS spread spectrum system; Up distant control chain circuit adopts DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum system; Increased the anti-interference and anti-interception capability of system; When realizing remote measuring and controlling, can carry out ranging and range rate: utilize the spreading code autocorrelation performance to accomplish ground station, use carrier tracking loop and obtain to realize the instantaneous velocity of aircraft is measured behind the carrier doppler frequency values to the range measurement between the aircraft to aircraft; Expand frequency hopping hybrid modulation module, expansion frequency hopping mixing demodulation module employing total digitalization design among the present invention, simplicity of design, reliability height; Board design method relatively, totally digitilized design has been eliminated the restriction of analogue device physical characteristic to frequency hopping rate, can further improve frequency hopping rate, the anti-interference and anti-interception capability of enhanced system; The present invention expands frequency hopping hybrid modulation module, expand frequency hopping mixes the method that demodulation module adopts the auxiliary frequency hopping of spreading code phase place: calculate and utilize the relation of spreading code cycle and hop period and the spreading code phase place is related with the frequency hopping moment, the lock in time of having reduced DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal.
1, composition of the present invention
The present invention partly is made up of aircraft part and ground station, and is as shown in Figure 1.Aircraft is carrying partly that aircraft parameters data acquisition module, data processing module, remote measurement transmit data frames framing module, DSSS modulation module, transmitter, transmitting antenna, reception antenna, RF front-end module, expansion frequency hopping mix demodulation module, the remote control receiving data frames is separated frame module;
Ground station partly comprises command process module, remote-control transmitting Frame framing module, expands frequency hopping hybrid modulation module, ground station's transmitter, ground station's transmitting antenna, ground station's reception antenna, ground station's radio-frequency front-end, DSSS demodulation module, remote measurement receiving data frames are separated frame module;
In ground station's part; Command process module forms remote control command information and is sent to remote-control transmitting Frame framing module; Remote-control transmitting Frame framing module forms the remote-control data frame according to the designated frame form after with remote control command information framing, and is sent to and expands frequency hopping hybrid modulation module; Expansion frequency hopping hybrid modulation module will expand the remote-control data frame, the frequency hopping hybrid modulation, form the digital intermediate frequency modulated signal, and be sent to ground station's transmitter; After ground station's transmitter carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, up-conversion, power amplification with the digital intermediate frequency modulated signal, form radiofrequency signal, and deliver to ground station's transmitting antenna, by ground station's transmission antennas transmit radiofrequency signal; Ground station's reception antenna is sent into ground station's radio-frequency front-end after receiving the remote measurement wireless signal in the space; Ground station's radio-frequency front-end amplifies the remote measurement wireless signal, filtering, down-conversion; After the analog-to-digital conversion; Output digital intermediate frequency signal to be demodulated is to the spread spectrum demodulation module, and the spread spectrum demodulation module is through being applicable to the method for capturing and tracing of spread-spectrum signal, with forming digital intermediate frequency signal after the digital intermediate frequency signal demodulation to be demodulated; The remote measurement receiving data frames is separated and is formed telemetry and deliver to command process module after frame module is separated frame with digital intermediate frequency signal.
In aircraft part, the aircraft parameters data acquisition module will be gathered the flight attitude parameter of aircraft, and form numeral and fly to join signal and send into data processing module; Data processing module will and be separated the telecommand data that frame module sends here from the remote control receiving data frames and handle and make up digital flight data, form the remote measurement back information, and the remote measurement back information is sent to remote measurement transmit data frames framing module; Remote measurement transmit data frames framing module will form the telemetry frame after with remote measurement back information framing according to the designated frame form, and be sent to the DSSS modulation module; The DSSS modulation module will carry out the DSSS modulation to the telemetry frame, form the digital intermediate frequency modulated signal, and be sent to transmitter; After transmitter carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, up-conversion, power amplification with the digital intermediate frequency modulated signal, form radiofrequency signal, and deliver to transmitting antenna, by the transmission antennas transmit radiofrequency signal; Reception antenna is sent into radio-frequency front-end after receiving the remote control wireless signal in the space; Radio-frequency front-end amplifies the remote control wireless signal, filtering, down-conversion; After the analog-to-digital conversion; Output digital intermediate frequency signal to be demodulated mixes demodulation module to expanding frequency hopping, expands frequency hopping and mixes demodulation module through being applicable to the method for capturing and tracing of DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal, with forming digital intermediate frequency signal after the digital intermediate frequency signal demodulation to be demodulated; The remote control receiving data frames is separated and is formed telecommand data and deliver to data processing module after frame module is separated frame with digital intermediate frequency signal;
As shown in Figure 2; The important composition of ground station of the present invention part---expand frequency hopping hybrid modulation module; Comprise a plurality of passages, comprise long code maker, short code maker, DSSS modulation module, I road spread spectrum framing module, Q road spread spectrum framing module, quadrature modulation module, frequency hopping command generator, Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers and parallel serial conversion module in each passage again.
The long code maker produces macrocyclic spread spectrum code sequence, is called for short long code, and the short code maker produces short-period spread spectrum code sequence, is called for short short code, and the DSSS modulation module utilizes short code that base band data is carried out the DSSS modulation; Information behind long code and the process short code spread spectrum is carried out the Frame framing through I road spread spectrum framing module and Q road spread spectrum framing module respectively; Short code generates auxiliary frequency hopping command generator; The counter of short code maker inside calculates the frequency hopping moment and sends the frequency switch pulse according to the relation of short code cycle and hop period; The frequency hopping command generator generates new frequency hop sequences after receiving pulse, and its output will drive the frequency hopping digital carrier that the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers generation needs; This frequency hopping digital carrier and I road framing signal, Q road framing signal are sent to the quadrature modulation module, and the quadrature modulation module is carried out the QPSK quadrature modulation to the frequency hopping digital carrier with two-way framing signal; The modulating data of n paths is parallel altogether after the modulation is fed to parallel serial conversion module, finally exports high-speed serial digital signal.
As shown in Figure 3; The important composition of aircraft part of the present invention---expand frequency hopping and mix demodulation module, comprise matched filter, catch and differentiate selector switch, local code sequence generator, accumulator, carrier wave phase discriminator, code phase phase discriminator, sign indicating number loop filter, carrier loop filter, frequency hopping command generator and Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers;
The frequency hopping command generator is operated in the initial frequency point, drives the frequency hopping digital carrier signal that Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers produces respective frequencies, produces the Digital Down Convert signal and delivers to matched filter after frequency hopping digital carrier signal and input signal multiply each other; Matched filter output correlation peak; When correlation peak during less than thresholding; Matched filter keeps in the trapped state, up to correlation peak during greater than thresholding, and the expression acquisition success; Catch this moment differentiate selector switch will be switching gate, send into again in the multichannel accumulator after multiplying each other the sign indicating number sequence of Digital Down Convert signal and the generation of local code sequence generator; Accumulator carries out accumulation calculating, and wherein IL, IP and IE three road accumulated values are sent to the code phase phase discriminator, and IP, QP two-way accumulated value are sent in the carrier wave phase discriminator; The carrier wave phase discriminator calculates the phase difference between local carrier and the input signal, through sending into Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers behind the carrier loop filter filtering; The adjustment amount of code phase phase discriminator output local code phase place is through delivering to the local code sequence generator after the filtering of sign indicating number loop filter; After getting into tracking mode; The local code sequencer is assisted the frequency hopping command generator; The counter of local code sequencer inside calculates the frequency hopping moment and sends the frequency switch pulse according to the relation of short code cycle and hop period; The frequency hopping command generator generates new frequency hop sequences after receiving pulse, and its output will drive the frequency hopping digital carrier that the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers generation needs, and make local frequency hopping digital carrier be synchronized with the carrier wave that receives signal all the time.
2, the concrete characteristics of content of the present invention are following:
A, uplink downlink of the present invention adopt the measurement and control system of aircraft of different spread spectrum systems, and descending telemetry link adopts DS spread spectrum system, anti-interference, the anti-stronger DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum system of performance of intercepting and capturing that up distant control chain circuit has adopted.The present invention is based on the American-European civil aerospace technology TT&C system that adopts DS spread spectrum system, its up distant control chain circuit and descending telemetry link all adopt DS spread spectrum system.Uplink downlink of the present invention adopts the measurement and control system of aircraft of different spread spectrum systems; Uplink downlink adopts the reason of different spread spectrum systems to be: adopt the measurement and control system of aircraft of DS system to be difficult to satisfy under the modern complex electromagnetic environment the requirement of measuring and control data fail safe, need anti-interference, the anti-higher aircraft observing and controlling system of performance of intercepting and capturing of design one cover; DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum system has been inherited the advantage of DS system fully and has been promoted abilities such as anti-intercepting and capturing, anti-interference, anti-near-far interference, meets measurement and control system of aircraft to the security requirement under the complex electromagnetic environment; But descending telemetered signal is modulated if adopt DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum technology; Because the transmitter and the transmitting antenna power of aircraft are limited; The telemetered signal power that arrives ground station is lower; Be difficult to synchronous and demodulation, so descending remote measurement comes link to adopt the relatively low DS spread spectrum system of complexity by ground station; And the power of ground station's transmitter, ground station's transmitting antenna is bigger; The signal power that ground station's transmitting antenna is seen off under the equal conditions generally will be higher than more than the aircraft transmitting antenna output signal power 6dB; After can guaranteeing to adopt the up remote signal arrival aircraft reception antenna of DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum system; By aircraft accurate synchronization and demodulation; Simultaneously, the reliability requirement of remote signal will be higher than telemetered signal, and up distant control chain circuit adopts the stronger DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum system of interference free performance can further improve the reliability of remote signal.
B, the present invention expand frequency hopping hybrid modulation module, the expansion frequency hopping is mixed demodulation module and adopted digital mode to design, and utilize the spreading code phase place to assist the method for frequency hopping to greatly reduce the lock in time of DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal.
In traditional frequency hopping communications, be discontinuous between the saltus step carrier signal that frequency hopper produces, frequency synthesizer begins to need certain switching time to the saltus step of accomplishing frequency from accepting the frequency hopping instruction.To begin to set up the time that vibration arrives stable state be settling time to frequency synthesizer from accepting instruction; The stable state time of lasting till is residence time; The time that arrives the vibration disappearance from stable state is regression time, and settling time wherein and regression time are immesurable.Expanding under the pattern of jumping mixing, if still there is the uncertainty of settling time and regression time, then the start-phase of spreading code equally also will be uncertain, and then cause track loop to get into out-of-lock condition.And the uncertainty of out-of-lock condition and time, what must cause finding range can't realize therefore, how to solve the uncertain problem of settling time and regression time, is the problem on basis the most in the present invention.
Expansion frequency hopping hybrid modulation module of the present invention, the frequency hopping that expands are mixed demodulation module and are adopted digital mode to design, and frequency hopping command generator control Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers generates the frequency hopping digital carrier, and settling time and regression time can be ignored; And utilize the method for the auxiliary frequency hopping of spreading code phase place; Eliminated the uncertainty of spreading code start-phase and frequency hopping digital carrier phase place: after the spreading code parameter of measurement and control system of aircraft and frequency parameter are confirmed; The counter of short code maker inside is according to the count value of short code chip; Calculate the frequency hopping moment and send frequency hopping frequency switch pulse, the frequency hopping command generator generates new frequency hop sequences after receiving pulse, and its output will drive the frequency hopping digital carrier that the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers generation needs.In each frequency hopping moment point, expand frequency hopping hybrid modulation module the phase place of next frequency hopping digital carrier and the phase place of spreading code are classified as initial phase, and in each frequency hopping end point constantly, the spreading code cycle just in time finishes, and accomplishes one time frequency hopping.Although carrier phase is discontinuous, expand frequency hopping mixing demodulation module and use same approach to follow the tracks of, guaranteed frequency hopping accuracy constantly.The auxiliary frequency-hopping method sketch map of spreading code phase place is as shown in Figure 4.The method of the auxiliary frequency hopping of spreading code phase place greatly reduces the lock in time of DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal.
C, the present invention adopt the method for the auxiliary range finding of one tunnel long code to eliminate the ambiguity problem of range finding.The long code cycle is the integral multiple in short code cycle, and long code, short code combine can be under the situation that does not reduce the system synchronization performance, and the maximum of expansion range finding does not have fuzzy distance greatly.Adopt the QPSK scheme, modulate two paths of signals respectively.One road signal is the short code communication frame, is responsible for the measuring and control data bag; One the tunnel is the long code communication frame, is responsible for remote ranging scheme specially.The long code cycle is much larger than hop period, behind the long code end cycle, and system's calculating of once finding range.
The synchronization scenario of d, DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal of the present invention: DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal Synchronization tracking scheme flow process is as shown in Figure 5, and whole synchronizing process comprises catches, follows the tracks of two stages.At acquisition phase; Expand frequency hopping mixing demodulation module and be operated in the frequency hopping scanning mode, when local reference frequency was complementary with the signal that receives, the down-conversion signal that behind mixing and filtering, obtains was sent into digital matched filter and is caught; Behind the spread spectrum code acquisition; Change at once and follow the tracks of and demodulation state, control the synchronous saltus step of local frequency synthesizer, realize precise synchronization.In this programme since frequency hopping synchronization be to ride on the spreading code phase place; Therefore under the frequency spreading tracking state; The local code sequence generator will be controlled the frequency hopping command generator and jump to new frequency hopping frequency automatically, and the frequency hopping stable, that continuous frequency spreading tracking state has guaranteed system is in the state of precise synchronization constantly constantly with the spreading code phase place.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the aircraft part and ground station's part-structure block diagram of TT&C system among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for expanding frequency hopping hybrid modulation module among the present invention;
Fig. 3 mixes demodulation module for expanding frequency hopping among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the auxiliary frequency-hopping method sketch map of spreading code;
Fig. 5 is a DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal Synchronization scheme sketch map;
Among the figure: 1. aircraft parameters data acquisition module 2. data processing modules
3. remote measurement transmit data frames framing module 4. DSSS modulation modules 5. transmitters
6. transmitting antenna 7. reception antennas 8. radio-frequency front-ends
9. expand frequency hopping mixing demodulation module 10. remote control receiving data frames and separate frame mould 11. command process module
Piece
12. remote-control transmitting Frame framing mould 13. expands frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 14. ground station's transmitters
15. ground station's transmitting antenna 16. ground station's reception antennas 17. ground station's radio-frequency front-ends
18. DSSS demodulation module 19. remote measurement receiving data frames are separated frame mould 20. digital flight datas
Piece
21. remote measurement back information 22. telemetry frames 23. digital intermediate frequency modulated signals
24. radiofrequency signal 25. remote control wireless signals, 26. digital intermediate frequencies signal to be demodulated
27. digital intermediate frequency signal 28. telecommand datas 29. remote control command information
30. remote-control data frame 31. digital intermediate frequency modulated signals 32. radiofrequency signals
33. remote measurement wireless signal 34. digital intermediate frequencies signal 35. digital intermediate frequency signals to be demodulated
36. telemetry
41. long code maker 42. short code makers 43. band spectrum modulation modules
44. spread spectrum framing module 46.Q road, frequency hopping command generator 45.I road spread spectrum framing module
47. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 48. quadrature modulation modules 49. parallel serial conversion modules
50. the information behind the long code 51. short codes 52. process short code spread spectrums
53.I framing signal 54.Q road, road framing signal 55. digital carriers
61. catching, matched filter 62. differentiates selector switch 63. local code sequence generators
64. accumulator 65. carrier wave phase discriminators 66. code phase phase discriminators
67. sign indicating number loop filter 68. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 69. frequency hopping command generators
70. carrier loop filter 71. Digital Down Convert signals 72. frequency hopping digital carrier signals
73. judgement output module
Embodiment
Describe below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Uplink downlink of the present invention adopts the measurement and control system of aircraft of different spread spectrum systems, and this system partly is made up of aircraft part and ground station, and is as shown in Figure 1:
Aircraft is partly carrying aircraft parameters data acquisition module 1, data processing module 2, remote measurement transmit data frames framing module 3, DSSS modulation module 4, transmitter 5, transmitting antenna 6, reception antenna 7, RF front-end module 8, the expansion frequency hopping mixes demodulation module 9 and the remote control receiving data frames is separated frame module 10;
Ground station partly comprises command process module 11, remote-control transmitting Frame framing module 12, expands frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13, ground station's transmitter 14, ground station's transmitting antenna 15, ground station's reception antenna 16, ground station's radio-frequency front-end 17, DSSS demodulation module 18 are separated frame module 19 with the remote measurement receiving data frames;
Described expansion frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13 structures are as shown in Figure 2; Expand frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13 and comprise a plurality of passages, comprise long code maker 41, short code maker 42, band spectrum modulation module 43, I road spread spectrum framing module 45, Q road spread spectrum framing module 46, quadrature modulation module 48, frequency hopping command generator 44, Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 47 and parallel serial conversion module 48 in each passage again;
It is as shown in Figure 3 that described expansion frequency hopping is mixed demodulation module 9 structures, comprises matched filter 61, catches and differentiate selector switch 62, local code sequence generator 63, accumulator 64, carrier wave phase discriminator 65, code phase phase discriminator 66, sign indicating number loop filter 67, carrier loop filter 70, frequency hopping command generator 69 and Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68;
Based on above system, will introduce the native system method of work in detail below.
Step (a), the up remote-control transmitting of ground station's part:
Step (a1); Command process module 11 forms remote control command information 29; And remote control command information 29 is sent to remote-control transmitting Frame framing module 12; Remote-control transmitting data set frame module 12 forms remote-control data frame 30 according to the designated frame form after with remote control command information 29 framings, and is sent to and expands frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13;
Step (a2); As shown in Figure 2; Expand in the frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13; Band spectrum modulation module 43 is carried out the DSSS modulation with the short code 51 of short code maker 42 outputs with base band data (being remote-control data frame 30), and Q road spread spectrum framing module 46 framings are sent in the output 52 behind the spread spectrum, and the long code 50 of the output of long code maker 41 is sent into I road spread spectrum framing module 45 framings; Frequency hopping command generator 44 is operated in initial preset condition; The counter of short code maker 42 inside calculates the frequency hopping moment and sends the frequency switch pulse according to the relation of short code cycle and hop period; Frequency hopping command generator 44 generates new frequency hop sequences after receiving pulse, and its output will drive the frequency hopping digital carrier 55 that Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 47 generations need; Quadrature modulation module 48 with output 54 quadrature modulation of the output of I road spread spectrum framing module 53 and Q road spread spectrum framing module to frequency hopping digital carrier 55; Under the condition of frequency hopping digital carrier frequency not high (in 200MHz), the output of quadrature modulation module is the output 31 of expanding frequency hopping hybrid modulation module; Under the very high condition of frequency hopping digital carrier frequency requirement; When above, can adopt multichannel and string structure like 200MHz, number of channels n (n is more than or equal to 1) decides according to frequency hopping digital carrier frequency requirement; The structure of each passage is identical; The data volume that multichannel and string structure make each passage handle constantly in each frequency hopping is the 1/n of conceptual data amount, and the frequency of frequency hopping digital carrier can be reduced to the 1/n of demand, makes the bandwidth ratio single channel situation of frequency hopping digital carrier expand n doubly; Parallel serial conversion module 49 is serial output with n channel parallel data transaction, is the output 31 of expanding frequency hopping hybrid modulation module;
Step (a3) will be sent to ground station's transmitter 14 to the output 31 of expanding frequency hopping hybrid modulation module; After ground station's transmitter 14 carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, up-conversion, power amplification with digital intermediate frequency modulated signal 31, form radiofrequency signal 32, and deliver to ground station's transmitting antenna 15 and be emitted to the space, accomplish the emission of the up remote signal of ground station's part;
Step (b), the up remote control of aircraft part receives:
Step (b1) is sent into radio-frequency front-end 8 behind the remote control wireless signal 25 in the reception antenna 7 reception spaces, and 8 pairs of remote control wireless signals 25 of radio-frequency front-end amplify; Filtering; Down-conversion, after the analog-to-digital conversion, output digital intermediate frequency signal 26 to be demodulated mixes demodulation module 9 to expanding frequency hopping;
Step (b2); As shown in Figure 3; Expanding frequency hopping mixes in the demodulation module 9; Frequency hopping command generator 69 is operated in initial preset condition, drives the local frequency hopping digital carrier 72 of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68 outputs (local frequency hopping digital carrier frequency stabilization under the initial preset condition, not saltus step); Digital intermediate frequency signal 26 to be demodulated is sent into matched filter (tap coefficient is a short code) with the Digital Down Convert signal 71 after local frequency hopping digital carrier 72 multiplies each other carry out relevant adding up, catch and differentiate selector switch 62 and carry out prize judgment according to the output of matched filter 61;
If acquisition success; Catching differentiation selector switch 62 will be switching gate; Start tracing process, the local code phase place of matched filter 61 during with acquisition success sent into local code sequence generator 63, and local code sequencer 63 generates local short code according to the local code phase place of matched filter 61 outputs; And multiply each other with Digital Down Convert signal 71; Result after multiplying each other sends into accumulator 64 and carries out accumulation calculating, and accumulator 64 wherein IL, IP and IE three road accumulated values is sent to code phase phase discriminator 66, and IP, QP two-way accumulated value are sent in the carrier wave phase discriminator 65; The phase difference that carrier wave phase discriminator 65 calculates between local carrier and the input signal, after 70 filtering of carrier loop filter, adjusted value is sent into Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68; The adjustment amount of code phase phase discriminator 66 output local code phase places after 67 filtering of sign indicating number loop filter, is delivered to local code sequence generator 63 with adjustment amount; After getting into tracking mode; The counter of local code sequencer 63 inside calculates the frequency hopping moment and sends the frequency switch pulse according to the relation of short code cycle and hop period; Frequency hopping command generator 69 generates new frequency hop sequences after receiving pulse, and its output will drive the frequency hopping digital carrier 72 that Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68 generations need; The output valve on IP road is adjudicated under 73 pairs of tracking modes of judgement output module, and the output result is and expands the output 27 that frequency hopping is mixed demodulation module;
Behind the acquisition success, according to the multiple relation of short code and long code, local code sequencer 63 is exported local long code simultaneously; As long as short code is in tracking mode all the time, local long code is inevitable to keep synchronous regime with the long code that receives remote signal;
If catch unsuccessful; Catch differentiation selector switch 62 and all the time switch cuts out, matched filter 61 is in the trapped state all the time, and need be according to certain algorithm adjustment frequency hopping command generator 69; Make the output of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68 carry out frequency search according to the step-length that is provided with within the specific limits; Until acquisition success, catching differentiation selector switch 62 this moment will start tracing process to switching gate; Tracing process is said identical with the preceding paragraph;
Step (b3), remote control receiving data frames are separated 10 pairs of frame modules and are expanded frequency hopping and mix and form telecommand data 28 and deliver to data processing module 2 after frame is separated in the output 27 of demodulation module; 2 pairs of remote control commands of data processing module are handled, and accomplish the receiving course of the up remote signal of aircraft part;
Step (c), the descending remote measurement emission of aircraft part:
Aircraft parameters data acquisition module 1 will be gathered the flight attitude parameter of aircraft, and form numeral and fly to join signal 20 and send into data processing module 2; Data processing module 2 will and be separated the telecommand data 28 (comprising short code, long code phase information the up remote signal) that frame module 10 sends here from the remote control receiving data frames and make up digital flight data 20; Form remote measurement back information 21, and remote measurement back information 21 is sent to remote measurement transmit data frames framing module 3; Remote measurement transmit data frames framing module 3 will form telemetry frame 22 after with remote measurement back information 21 framings according to the designated frame form, and be sent to DSSS modulation module 4; 4 pairs of telemetry frames of DSSS modulation module 22 carry out the DSSS modulation; The spreading code that is used for the DSSS modulation is identical with short code, the long code of up remote signal; The same QPSK of employing modulates; Short code phase place, the long code phase place of the up remote control signal reception that comprises in the initial phase of spreading code and the telemetry frame 22 are identical, form digital intermediate frequency modulated signal 23, and are sent to transmitter 5; After transmitter 5 carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, up-conversion, power amplification with digital intermediate frequency modulated signal 23, form radiofrequency signal 24, and deliver to transmitting antenna 6,, accomplish the descending remote measurement emission of aircraft part by transmitting antenna 6 emitting radio frequency signals 24;
Step (d), the descending remote measurement of ground station's part receives:
Send into ground station's radio-frequency front-end 17 behind the remote measurement wireless signal 32 in ground station's reception antenna 15 reception spaces; 17 pairs of remote measurement wireless signals 32 of ground station's radio-frequency front-end amplify filtering, down-conversion; After the analog-to-digital conversion; Output digital intermediate frequency signal 34 to be demodulated is to DSSS demodulation module 18, and DSSS demodulation module 18 is through being applicable to the acquisition and tracking means of DSSS, with forming digital intermediate frequency signal 35 after digital intermediate frequency signal 34 demodulation to be demodulated; The remote measurement receiving data frames is separated and is formed telemetry 36 and deliver to command process module 11 after frame module 19 is separated frame with digital intermediate frequency signal 35, accomplishes the descending remote measurement of ground station's part and receives;
Step (e), ranging and range rate:
Step (e1) utilizes spreading code to find range, and mainly utilizes long code to find range.Short code 51, long code 50 have been comprised in the up remote signal of ground station's part; And the initial phase of short code 51, long code 50 in the known up remote signal of aircraft part; Partly expand after frequency hopping mixes demodulation module 9 despreadings and separate jumping through aircraft; The digital intermediate frequency signal 27 that expands 9 outputs of frequency hopping mixing demodulation module has comprised short code, the long code phase information that up remote signal arrives aircraft part reception antenna; Aircraft partial data processing module 2 is directly sent the short code, the long code phase information that obtain into remote measurement transmit data frames framing module 3; Then send into DSSS modulation module 4; DSSS modulation module 4 is according to the initial phase of spread spectrum short code, long code in the short code that comprises in the telemetry frame 22, the long code phase information adjusting module, thereby makes the spread spectrum short code, the long code phase place that comprise in the descending telemetered signal identical with spread spectrum short code, the long code phase place that up remote signal arrives aircraft part reception antenna; In the descending remote measurement receiving course of ground station's part; After the spread spectrum demodulation module; Can obtain spread spectrum short code, long code phase place that the descending telemetered signal of aircraft part arrives ground station's reception antenna; And the short code 51 that comprises in the short code that draws, long code phase place and the up remote signal of ground station's part, the initial phase of long code 50 compared; Draw code phase difference, utilize formula
to calculate the distance of ground station and aircraft.
Step (e2) utilizes carrier tracking loop to obtain to realize the instantaneous velocity of aircraft is measured behind the carrier doppler frequency values; In the descending remote measurement receiving course of ground station's part; Behind the DSSS demodulation module; Can be the Doppler frequency deviant through the difference that carrier tracking loop obtains current carrier frequency value and standard carrier frequency values, utilize formula
can calculate the relative velocity of ground station and aircraft.
Uplink downlink of the present invention adopts the measurement and control system of aircraft of different spread spectrum systems, and anti-interference is strong with the anti-property intercepted and captured, and confidentiality is high, possesses range finding of testing the speed and communication function simultaneously, is applicable to the aircraft measurement and control area higher to security requirement.
Claims (2)
1. a uplink downlink adopts the measurement and control system of aircraft of different spread spectrum systems; This system partly is made up of aircraft part and ground station; This system descending telemetry link adopts the DS band spectrum modulation, and up distant control chain circuit has adopted the stronger DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum modulation of interference free performance, its characteristic in:
Aircraft is partly carrying aircraft parameters data acquisition module 1, data processing module 2, remote measurement transmit data frames framing module 3, DSSS modulation module 4, transmitter 5, transmitting antenna 6, reception antenna 7, RF front-end module 8, the expansion frequency hopping mixes demodulation module 9 and the remote control receiving data frames is separated frame module 10;
Ground station partly comprises command process module 11, remote-control transmitting Frame framing module 12, expands frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13, ground station's transmitter 14, ground station's transmitting antenna 15, ground station's reception antenna 16, ground station's radio-frequency front-end 17, DSSS demodulation module 18 are separated frame module 19 with the remote measurement receiving data frames;
Described expansion frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13 comprises the individual passage of n (n is more than or equal to 1), comprises long code maker 41, short code maker 42, band spectrum modulation module 43, I road spread spectrum framing module 45, Q road spread spectrum framing module 46, quadrature modulation module 48, frequency hopping command generator 44, Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 47 and parallel serial conversion module 48 in each passage again;
Long code maker 41 produces macrocyclic spread spectrum code sequence, is called for short long code;
Short code maker 42 produces short-period spread spectrum code sequence, is called for short short code;
Band spectrum modulation module 43 utilizes 51 pairs of base band datas of short code to carry out the DSSS modulation;
I road spread spectrum framing module 45 is carried out the Frame framing to long code and through the information behind the short code spread spectrum respectively with Q road spread spectrum framing module 46, forms I road framing signal, Q road framing signal, and sends to quadrature modulation module 48;
Frequency hopping command generator 44; It is in the auxiliary work down of short code maker 42; The counter of short code maker 42 inside calculates the frequency hopping moment and sends the frequency switch pulse according to the relation of short code cycle and hop period; Frequency hopping command generator 44 generates new frequency hop sequences after receiving pulse, and its output will drive the frequency hopping digital carrier 55 that Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 47 generations need;
Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 47 is used to produce the frequency hopping digital carrier 55 of needs, and sends to quadrature modulation module 48;
Quadrature modulation module 48 is carried out the QPSK quadrature modulation to the frequency hopping digital carrier with two-way framing signal; The modulating data of n paths is parallel altogether after the modulation is fed to parallel serial conversion module 49, finally exports high-speed serial digital signal;
Described expansion frequency hopping is mixed demodulation module 9 and is comprised matched filter 61, catches and differentiate selector switch 62, local code sequence generator 63, accumulator 64, carrier wave phase discriminator 65, code phase phase discriminator 66, sign indicating number loop filter 67, carrier loop filter 70, frequency hopping command generator 69 and Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68;
Frequency hopping command generator 69 is operated in the initial frequency point; Drive the frequency hopping digital carrier signal 72 that Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68 produces respective frequencies, produce Digital Down Convert signal 71 and deliver to matched filter 61 after frequency hopping digital carrier signal 72 multiplies each other with input signal;
Matched filter 61 is accomplished relevant cumulative process and is also exported correlation peak, and when correlation peak during less than thresholding, matched filter 61 keeps in the trapped state, up to correlation peak during greater than thresholding, and the expression acquisition success;
Catch differentiate selector switch 62 will be when acquisition success switching gate, send into again in the multichannel accumulator 64 after the sign indicating number sequence that produces Digital Down Convert signal 71 and local code sequence generator 63 multiplies each other;
Accumulator 64 carries out accumulation calculating, and wherein IL, IP and IE three road accumulated values are sent to code phase phase discriminator 66, and IP, QP two-way accumulated value are sent in the carrier wave phase discriminator 65;
The phase difference that carrier wave phase discriminator 65 calculates between local carrier and the input signal is through sending into Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68 after 70 filtering of carrier loop filter;
The adjustment amount of code phase phase discriminator 66 output local code phase places is through delivering to local code sequence generator 63 after 67 filtering of sign indicating number loop filter;
Local code sequencer 63 auxiliary frequency hopping command generators 69; The counter of local code sequencer 63 inside calculates the frequency hopping moment and sends the frequency switch pulse according to the relation of short code cycle and hop period; Frequency hopping command generator 69 generates new frequency hop sequences after receiving pulse; Its output will drive Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 68 and produce new frequency hopping digital carrier, make local frequency hopping digital carrier be synchronized with the carrier wave that receives signal all the time.
2. adopt the measurement and control system of aircraft of different spread spectrum systems according to claim 1 described uplink downlink, it is characterized in that:
For guaranteeing the synchronous and demodulation of DS_FH hybrid spread spectrum signal; Expand frequency hopping hybrid modulation module 13 and mix the auxiliary frequency hopping of demodulation module 9 employing spreading code phase places with the expansion frequency hopping constantly; It is the spreading code phase place that frequency hopping is synchronized with appointment constantly; Therefore, guaranteed simultaneously that promptly accurate frequency hopping follows the tracks of constantly as long as realized the accurate tracking of spreading code phase place.
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