CN102749342B - Non-destructive identification method for material of integral coil of distribution transformer - Google Patents
Non-destructive identification method for material of integral coil of distribution transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102749342B CN102749342B CN201210252278.9A CN201210252278A CN102749342B CN 102749342 B CN102749342 B CN 102749342B CN 201210252278 A CN201210252278 A CN 201210252278A CN 102749342 B CN102749342 B CN 102749342B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-destructive identification method for a material of an integral coil of a distribution transformer. The non-destructive identification method based on the difference of attenuation coefficients of copper, steel and aluminum to X rays includes photographing the distribution transformer in a integral state by the X rays; measuring blackness of photographed negative films of the rays by a black and white densitometer; inputting measured blackness values into a computer; and computing X-ray attenuation coefficient and transillumination thickness curves, which are stored in the computer, of the copper, the steel and the aluminum corresponding to different X-ray tubes and comparing the X-ray attenuation coefficient and transillumination thickness curves with a characteristic curve of the industrial ray films, and judging whether the winding coil of the distribution transformer is made of the aluminum or the copper.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the harmless discrimination method of the non-solution body coil of a kind of substation transformer material, belong to technology of transmission of electricity field.
Background technology
Under existing market economy, some short-sighted electrical network network distribution transformer manufacturer is in order to chase larger profit, use aluminium enamel-covered wire to replace copper enameled wire as transformer coli winding, cause the excessive and coil impedance of winding volume to increase, transformer power consumption is increased, increase power supply cost, have a strong impact on the interests of power supply enterprise.Because transformer coli winding has insulation course parcel, even at present in transformer disintegration and non-destructive situation, by electrical test and range estimation, still cannot differentiate coil material, unless being destroyed to sampling, coil carries out metallochemistry analysis, but this destructive test can not be undertaken by platform, otherwise cost is huge, and transformer is stopped transport and overhauled, have a strong impact on mains supply and social production orders of life.
Therefore, a kind ofly the in the situation that of non-disintegration, network distribution transformer coil material is differentiated to be the method that power grid enterprises are dreamed of.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provides a kind of do not disintegrate, do not have a power failure at substation transformer in the situation that, by X ray, taken pictures and identified the method for substation transformer winding coil material, can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the non-harmless discrimination method of winding coil material of disassembling of substation transformer is
A, utilize ray inspection machine and industrial radiographic film to take pictures to the non-tested substation transformer of disassembling under state, when taking pictures, ray inspection machine adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate tested substation transformer winding region, obtains one group of postindustrial radiographic film of taking pictures;
B, one group of postindustrial radiographic film of taking pictures is carried out respectively to darkroom disposal (developing, stop shadow, photographic fixing, washing, oven dry), obtain one group of tested substation transformer winding coil image egative film;
C, utilize black and white densitometer to carry out density measurement to tested substation transformer winding coil image egative film, and the density measurement value of measuring gained is carried out to ray attenuation calculating, result of calculation is depicted as tested substation transformer different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve;
D, different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve of tested substation transformer different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve and copper, steel, aluminium is compared and differentiated the material of tested substation transformer winding coil.
In c step, measure the density measurement value input computing module of gained,
Computing module, carries out ray attenuation calculating by the density measurement value of measuring gained, draws different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10;
Curve generation module, utilizes one group of x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of computing module gained to generate different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve.
In a step, ray inspection machine adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate the same position that tested substation transformer has winding region.
Ray inspection machine adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate tested substation transformer, and to have winding region be the border area of winding.
Ray inspection machine used is 350kVX ray inspection machine.
In d step, different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve of copper, steel, aluminium has many groups, and is stored in X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve database.
The following process implementation of different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve process of copper, steel, aluminium:
With different x-ray tube voltage, etc. the step bar of the exposure copper that transillumination equal difference is 2mm respectively, steel, aluminium, and industrial radiographic film is carried out to darkroom disposal (developing, stop shadow, photographic fixing, washing, oven dry) is image egative film, image egative film carries out density measurement through black and white densitometer, meter point counting does not obtain X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of the multi units tube voltage of copper, steel, aluminium, and by measured value curve, form multi units tube voltage X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve data of copper, steel, aluminium.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention is according to copper, steel, the difference of aluminium to the attenuation coefficient of X ray, utilize X ray to take pictures to the non-substation transformer of disassembling under state, use black and white densitometer to the radiographic film density measurement of taking pictures, by the blackness value input computing machine of measuring, obtain X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve, by by this curve be stored in the different x-ray tube voltage copper in computing machine, steel, aluminium X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve is compared, the winding coil that determines substation transformer is aluminium, copper, have and save time, laborsaving, do not destroy equipment, do not affect the advantages such as the normal work of equipment.Because this detection means does not need transformer to disintegrate, as long as just can carry out transformer in the situation that guaranteeing life safety, detect operation, transformer check does not need to have a power failure, and check does not affect transformer-supplied.Simultaneously due to can quick test Transformer Winding coil material, to the claiming damages in time and change for the transformer of copper with aluminium of breach of contract and design, reduce network distribution transformer loss.Because the method is simple, practical, can promote to each grid company, market outlook are obvious.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of X ray transillumination transformer;
Fig. 2 is the characteristic curve of film of industrial radiographic film;
Fig. 3 is copper X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve number of one group of tube voltage;
Fig. 4 is steel X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve number of one group of tube voltage;
Fig. 5 is aluminium X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve number of one group of tube voltage;
In Fig. 3,4,5, horizontal ordinate represents thickness of slab, and unit is millimeter, and ordinate represents absorption coefficient.
Embodiment
Embodiment, the non-harmless discrimination method of winding coil material of disassembling of substation transformer comprises lower step
A, utilize ray inspection machine and industrial radiographic film to take pictures to the non-tested substation transformer of disassembling under state, when taking pictures, ray inspection machine adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate tested substation transformer winding region, obtains one group of postindustrial radiographic film of taking pictures; Ray inspection machine used is 350kVX ray inspection machine, ray inspection machine adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate the same position that tested substation transformer has winding region, ray inspection machine adopt different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate tested substation transformer to have winding region be the border area of winding.
B, one group of postindustrial radiographic film of taking pictures is carried out respectively to darkroom disposal (developing, stop shadow, photographic fixing, washing, oven dry), obtain one group of tested substation transformer winding coil image egative film;
C, utilize black and white densitometer to carry out density measurement to tested substation transformer winding coil image egative film, and the density measurement value of measuring gained is carried out to ray attenuation calculating, result of calculation is depicted as tested substation transformer different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve; Measure the density measurement value input computing module of gained,
Computing module, carries out ray attenuation calculating by the density measurement value of measuring gained, draws different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10;
Curve generation module, utilizes one group of x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of computing module gained to generate different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve.
D, different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve of tested substation transformer different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve and copper, steel, aluminium is compared and differentiated the material of tested substation transformer winding coil.Different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve of copper, steel, aluminium has many groups, and is stored in X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve database.The following process implementation of different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve process of copper, steel, aluminium:
With different x-ray tube voltage, etc. the step bar of the exposure transillumination equal difference copper that is 2mm, steel, aluminium, and industrial radiographic film is carried out to darkroom disposal (developing, stop shadow, photographic fixing, washing, oven dry) is image egative film, image egative film carries out density measurement through black and white densitometer, meter point counting does not obtain copper X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of the multi units tube voltage of copper, steel, aluminium, and by measured value curve, form multi units tube voltage X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve data of copper, steel, aluminium.
Tube voltage X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve data of copper, steel, aluminium are calculated in the following way;
For the transformer that has housing, the X ray transillumination at exterior loop unshakable in one's determination position can be reduced to Fig. 1, wherein the transillumination thickness of steel is
, the transillumination thickness of unknown material (coil) is
if with identical exposure transillumination coil (unknown material) position with without transillumination coil (unknown material) position, the transmitted intensity passing is at a certain tube voltage
Two positions through the ratio of transmitted intensity are
Both members is got to common logarithm conversion
In above formula,
be the function of x, with the increase of x, increase, by winding coil shape, determined;
also be
the function of (transillumination thickness), with
increase and and reduce, the rule reducing and density of material, element kind are relevant.
The characteristic curve of film of industrial radiographic film is as Fig. 2, can know transillumination coil (unknown material) position and equal two position film exposure logarithmic differences without the radiographic film density difference at coil (unknown material) transillumination position; Because the transmitting illumination parameter at two positions is identical, the difference of two position film exposure logarithms equals the poor of hard radiation intensity logarithm, has
Use different tube voltages to carry out transillumination to two positions, because the X ray penetration capacity of the tube voltage different is different, the attenuation coefficient of unknown material is respectively
, the density difference at two positions is respectively
Poor with the photographic density of first tube voltage transillumination
density difference except other tube voltage, has
Ratio from density difference
observe, for a certain transillumination thickness
, the ratio of density difference
only with the ratio of the attenuation coefficient of unknown material
relevant, and with the transillumination thickness of unknown material
irrelevant.
Due to attenuation coefficient
tube voltage and transillumination thickness
function, its relation depends on the character of its material, along with transillumination thickness
variation, the gradient of the ratio of the density difference of the different tube voltages of different materials
different, the ratio gradient of the density difference of aluminium
less than steel, the ratio gradient of the density difference of copper
larger than steel.
As long as transillumination is carried out in Transformer Winding edge by different tube voltages several times, the postindustrial radiographic film of taking pictures carries out darkroom disposal and (develops, stop shadow, photographic fixing, washing, oven dry) become substation transformer winding coil image egative film, utilize black and white densitometer to carry out according to certain rules density measurement to egative film, by density measurement value input computing machine, machine computing as calculated, with different x-ray tube voltage copper attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve of preserving in computing machine, different x-ray tube voltage steel attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve, the analysis that compares of different x-ray tube voltage aluminium X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve, the material that identifies substation transformer winding coil is copper or aluminium.
Claims (3)
1. the non-harmless discrimination method of winding coil material of disassembling of substation transformer, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps
A, utilize ray inspection machine and industrial radiographic film to take pictures to the non-tested substation transformer of disassembling under state, when taking pictures, ray inspection machine adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate tested substation transformer winding region, obtains one group of postindustrial radiographic film of taking pictures;
B, one group of postindustrial radiographic film of taking pictures is carried out respectively to darkroom disposal, obtain one group of tested substation transformer winding coil image egative film;
C, utilize black and white densitometer to carry out density measurement to tested substation transformer winding coil image egative film, and the density measurement value of measuring gained is carried out to ray attenuation calculating, result of calculation is depicted as tested substation transformer different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve;
D, tested substation transformer different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve is compared with different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve of copper, steel, aluminium respectively, to differentiate the material of tested substation transformer winding coil;
In c step, measure the density measurement value input computing module of gained,
Computing module, carries out ray attenuation calculating by the density measurement value of measuring gained, draws different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10;
Curve generation module, utilizes one group of x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of computing module gained to generate different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve;
In a step, x-ray flaw detector adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate the same position that tested substation transformer has winding region;
X-ray flaw detector adopts different x-ray tube voltage to irradiate tested substation transformer, and to have winding region be the border area of winding;
X-ray flaw detector used is 350kVX ray inspection machine.
2. the non-winding coil material of disassembling of substation transformer according to claim 1 can't harm discrimination method, it is characterized in that: in d step, different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve of copper, steel, aluminium has many groups, and is stored in X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve database.
3. the non-winding coil material of disassembling of substation transformer according to claim 1 can't harm discrimination method, it is characterized in that: the following process implementation of different x-ray tube voltage attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve process of copper, steel, aluminium:
With different x-ray tube voltage, etc. the step bar of the exposure copper that transillumination equal difference is 2mm respectively, steel, aluminium, and industrial radiographic film is carried out to darkroom disposal is image egative film, image egative film carries out density measurement through black and white densitometer, meter point counting does not obtain X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of the multi units tube voltage of copper, steel, aluminium, and by measured value curve, form multi units tube voltage X ray attenuation coefficient-transillumination thickness curve data of copper, steel, aluminium.
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| CN103163185B (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-12-31 | 江西省电力科学研究院 | Distribution transformer coil material nondestructive testing method |
| CN103257160B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2015-06-03 | 华中科技大学 | Method for detecting winding material of three-phase winding device based on thermocouple principle |
| CN103630602A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-12 | 国家电网公司 | Detection device and detection method for texture of coil of transformer type electrical equipment |
| CN103604837B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-12-02 | 国家电网公司 | The recognition methods of distribution transformer coil material |
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| CN104458812A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 国家电网公司 | Method for recognizing coil material of distribution transformer |
| CN104865278A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-26 | 国家电网公司 | Method for detecting dry type transformer winding material by adopting X-ray |
| CN105092660A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-25 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Transformer winding material identification method based on resistance temperature coefficient |
| CN104991136B (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2018-08-14 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | It is a kind of based on content volume than copper aluminium winding transformer discriminating method |
| CN105445296A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-30 | 国网山东省电力公司物资公司 | Method for identifying internal material of electric power equipment on basis of DR (Digital Radiation) imaging technology |
| CN105758874B (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2019-03-12 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A method of determining electrical equipment texture of coil |
| CN106338530A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-18 | 国家电网公司 | Ray-based dry type transformer winding material detection method and device |
| CN106610386B (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2023-04-07 | 国家电网公司 | Dry-type transformer winding material rapid identification method and detection device based on X-ray dosage |
| CN107167480A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-15 | 贵州电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | The method of DR digital radial static timing image checking GIS devices |
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