CN102749338A - Time-domain measurement method and time-domain measurement device for soil moisture on basis of wireless underground sensor network - Google Patents
Time-domain measurement method and time-domain measurement device for soil moisture on basis of wireless underground sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN102749338A CN102749338A CN2012102504935A CN201210250493A CN102749338A CN 102749338 A CN102749338 A CN 102749338A CN 2012102504935 A CN2012102504935 A CN 2012102504935A CN 201210250493 A CN201210250493 A CN 201210250493A CN 102749338 A CN102749338 A CN 102749338A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time-domain measurement method and a time-domain measurement device for soil moisture on the basis of a wireless underground sensor network. The method includes that soil moisture content information is obtained by means of measuring propagation time of electromagnetic signals among a plurality of wireless underground node pairs at fixed distances. The device comprises the wireless underground node pairs arranged in soil, each wireless underground node consists of a power supply unit, a processor unit, a wireless module, an antenna and a timing unit, each power supply unit is respectively connected with the corresponding processor unit, the corresponding wireless module and the corresponding timing unit, each processor unit is respectively connected with the corresponding wireless module and the corresponding timing unit, each antenna is connected with the corresponding wireless module, and each timing unit is respectively connected with the corresponding processor unit and the corresponding wireless module. The time-domain measurement method and the time-domain measurement device have the advantages that soil moisture sensors are omitted, soil moisture content measurement cost is greatly lowered, and the wireless underground sensor network is low in power consumption, small in size and good in safety and concealment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil moisture content field of measurement, particularly a kind of based on wirelessly the soil moisture time domain measurement method and the device of lower sensor network.
Background technology
The accurate mensuration of soil moisture content information to satisfy growing soil science research and modernized precision agriculture in a large number, fast and accurately farmland regional extent soil moisture dynamic information demand, improve China's agricultural irrigation water efficient, guarantee agricultural sustainable development, to alleviate China's water crisis significant.
There is the problem of small scale point measurement in traditional soil moisture sensor; Can't effectively realize effectively obtaining of farmland regional soil water cut information in a big way; Adopt wireless sensor network to combine the mode of soil moisture sensor can realize the measurement of agricultural land soil regional soil moisture; But the essence of its water cut monitoring also is based on the point measurement technology of soil moisture sensor, and the soil moisture content informational needs outside the point measurement scope adopts the mode of estimating to obtain, and therefore also has certain difference with actual conditions; And owing to need to use a large amount of soil moisture sensors, lower deployment cost is relatively more expensive.The wireless sensor network that is used for the soil environment information monitoring at present belongs to wireless sensor network system on the ground more; Normally adopt wired mode that sensor is connected to ground wireless transmitting-receiving equipments and carry out work; These are exposed to ground equipment not only influences farming, and radio node itself possibly also can make that the self radio emission function is had a strong impact on because of natural causes such as geography, meteorologies.
Based on these drawbacks, (wireless underground sensor networks WUSN) provides new means for underground monitoring to a kind of network of lower sensor wirelessly, becomes the new direction of soil environment information monitoring research.
Wirelessly the lower sensor network is meant that most of sensor node is arranged in underground; With a kind of brand-new sensor network of radio as communication media; (Broadband Wireless Networks, BWN) laboratory (Akyildiz and Stuntebeck 2006) took the lead in 2006 proposing by georgia ,u.s.a Institute of Technology broadband wireless communications.Compare with existing ground wireless sensor network, wirelessly to have hiding property strong for the lower sensor network, is easy to lay, and data are timely, good reliability, and coverage is big, and monitoring effect is even, easily characteristics such as upgrading.
Therefore, how on lower sensor network foundation wirelessly, it is lower to design a kind of cost, and reliability soil with high moisture measuring method has high theory and practical significance with device.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that fundamental purpose of the present invention is to overcome prior art is with not enough; Provide a kind of based on the soil moisture time domain measurement method of lower sensor network wirelessly; This method need not to use a large amount of soil moisture sensors; Realize effective mensuration of soil moisture content information, had low-cost mensuration, information-based advantage of gathering.Another object of the present invention be to provide a kind of realize said method based on the soil moisture time domain measurement device of lower sensor network wirelessly.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme: based on the soil moisture time domain measurement method of lower sensor network wirelessly; Form lower sensor network wirelessly by several lower nodes wirelessly that are deployed in soil the inside, the travel-time of electromagnetic wave signal obtains soil moisture content information between the lower node through measuring wirelessly.
May further comprise the steps:
(1) wirelessly lower node is deployed in soil the inside to be measured according to the predefined network design of lower sensor wirelessly figure, forms lower sensor network wirelessly;
(2) wirelessly two of lower sensor network selecting be not used for detecting water cut and each other fixed distance be the lower node wirelessly of d; Promptly one wirelessly lower node is right; It is right to form a measurement, and one of them is set at the measurement host node, and another one is set at measures the chromaffin body point; Host node and chromaffin body point are equipped with timing module;
(3) send electromagnetic wave signal between host node and the chromaffin body point each other; Timing module in signal transduction process in host node and the chromaffin body point is noted the time when transmitting and receiving signal separately respectively, and then obtains electromagnetic wave comes and goes propagation between the two time;
(4) utilize computes to obtain soil moisture content θ:
Wherein: θ is a soil moisture content, and unit is %, and t is for measuring host node and measuring the electromagnetic wave round trip propagation time between the chromaffin body point, and unit is second, and d is for measuring host node and measuring the distance between the chromaffin body point, and unit is a rice;
(5) judge in the lower sensor network wirelessly all phase mutual edge distances whether be the lower node wirelessly of d to all being used for the measured soil water cut, as otherwise jump back to step (2), then finish the soil moisture content surveying work in this way.
Concrete; In the said step (1); The predefined network design of lower sensor wirelessly figure is specifically: wirelessly lower node is fixed as h in the soil deployed inside degree of depth; Be used to two of the measured soil water cut wirelessly the fixed distance between the lower node be d, wirelessly lower node is right to form one, this network topological diagram is planned and is deposited in advance by the staff before burying underground in the storer of lower node processor unit wirelessly.
Further, said 0.1m < h < 2m, 1m < d < 5m.
Preferably, lower node wirelessly form a measurement to the time, make host node, chromaffin body point be in holding state earlier, said entering is operated as follows like step (3) then:
(3-1) host node sends electromagnetic wave to the chromaffin body point, and the host node timing unit picks up counting simultaneously, and the chromaffin body point receives the electromagnetic while, and chromaffin body point timing unit picks up counting;
After (3-2) processor in the chromaffin body point judges that signal that host node sent is errorless, send electromagnetic wave to host node, while chromaffin body point timing unit stops timing; After host node received the electromagnetic wave signal that the chromaffin body point sends over, the host node timing unit stopped timing;
(3-3) the host node timing result deducts chromaffin body point timing result and is electromagnetic wave comes and goes propagation between the two time.
Preferably; In order to practice thrift the processing time; Avoid all need adopting after each the measurement that formula carries out complicated calculating in the step (4), can calculate the respective value of soil moisture content φ under different t, d situation in advance, be stored in the storer of lower node wirelessly with form then; After step (4) obtains L, can obtain soil moisture content through the form of tabling look-up.
Based on the soil moisture time domain measurement device of lower sensor network wirelessly; Comprise that several are deployed in the lower node wirelessly of soil the inside; Wirelessly lower node comprises power supply unit, processor unit, wireless module, antenna, timing unit; Said power supply unit respectively with processor unit, wireless module; Timing unit is connected, and said processor unit is connected with wireless module, timing unit respectively, and said antenna is connected with wireless module; Said timing unit is connected with processor unit, wireless module respectively, the wirelessly lower node of said lower node wirelessly through measuring mutual fixed distance between travel-time of electromagnetic wave signal obtain soil moisture content information.
Preferably, said power supply unit is made up of battery and LDO mu balanced circuit thereof, is used for other unit of lower node are wirelessly supplied power.
Preferably, said processor unit adopts the STM32 single-chip microcomputer.Adopt this single-chip microcomputer low in energy consumption.
Preferably, said wireless module adopts the wireless chip with radio transmission-receiving function, is preferably the CC1101 wireless chip, can be operated in 315MHZ, 433MHZ, 868MHZ and 915MHZ.
Preferably, said timing unit adopts TDC-GP2 time figure conversion chip.This chip has the high-precision timing function, adopts the split-second precision digital conversion technique to realize time measurement.
Preferably, said antenna adopts helical antenna.In the application, antenna and wireless module are complementary, and are used for sending and receiving the radio magnetic wave signal.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention can effectively monitor and assess the water cut information of soil region between the lower node wirelessly, need not to use soil moisture sensor, greatly reduces soil moisture content and measures cost.
2, the soil moisture content information that measures among the present invention can send through lower node wirelessly, has realized the soil basis determining real-time transmission of information and has effectively gathered, and has improved the automatization level of soil basis determining.
3, the present invention's lower sensor network power consumption wirelessly is little, and volume is little, and security is good, and good concealment can satisfy the requirement that the soil basis determining long-term work is disposed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the network design of lower sensor wirelessly figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the concrete formation synoptic diagram of lower node wirelessly shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the inventive method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1; Wirelessly the lower sensor network comprises a plurality of lower nodes wirelessly; These wirelessly lower node be deployed in the tested soil by through part according to shown in Figure 1; Be used for detecting water cut and each other fixed distance be two of d wirelessly lower node form one wirelessly lower node be right, wirelessly lower node between be fixed as 3 meters apart from d, degree of depth h is 1 meter.In practical work process, wirelessly the distance between the lower node and the degree of depth can < < 2m, < d < adjusts accordingly in the 5m scope 1m h at 0.1m according to the soil moisture content measurement needs in actual place for each.
As shown in Figure 2, wirelessly lower node comprises power supply unit, processor unit, wireless module, antenna and timing unit.Power supply unit is used for the power supply of lower node wirelessly, adopts the ferric phosphate lithium cell power supply in the present embodiment, and its WV is between 3.2V ~ 3.7V, and use AMS1117-3.3V LDO chip carries out voltage stabilizing.Wireless module possesses the transmission-receiving function of radio magnetic wave signal, adopts the CC1101 wireless chip, can work in 315MHZ, 433MHZ, 868MHZ and 915MHZ flexibly through the configuration internal register, and can send interruption pulse and give timing unit.Antenna directly links to each other with wireless module, selects helical antenna in the present embodiment for use, is used to improve the sensitivity of radio magnetic wave signal transmitting and receiving.Timing module all has with processor unit, wireless module unit and is connected; Possesses the high-precision timing function; Adopt TDC-GP2 time figure conversion chip in the present embodiment, measuring accuracy can reach 65 psecs, but and the drive signal that sends over of receiving processor unit and wireless module.Processor unit adopts the STM32 single-chip microcomputer, possesses signal handling capacity at a high speed, can carry out radio communication program and handle, and carries out the soil moisture content measurements and calculations, and drive timing unit, wireless module carries out work.The predefined network design of lower sensor wirelessly figure is planned and is deposited in advance by the staff before burying underground in the storer of lower node processor unit wirelessly.
Soil moisture content time domain measurement method by said apparatus is realized is as shown in Figure 3, comprises the steps:
(1) will be wirelessly the lower sensor network design in soil environment, and note the depth of burying h of lower node wirelessly, when burying underground wirelessly lower node to each other apart from d.
(2) lower sensor network startup and get into dormant state wirelessly.
(3) wirelessly the lower sensor network judged whether dormancy 1 hour, as not to then continuing dormancy, as to then starting the soil moisture content surveying work.
(4) wirelessly the lower sensor network select at random two be not used for detecting water cut and each other fixed distance be that the lower node wirelessly of d carries out soil moisture content and measures, and be configured to measure host node respectively and measure the chromaffin body point.
(5) measure host node and chromaffin body point and all send starting impulse, let timing module be in holding state to timing module.
(6) measure host node and send wireless signal, start the host node timing module simultaneously and pick up counting to measuring the chromaffin body point.
(7) measure chromaffin body point and be in the wait accepting state always, promptly start chromaffin body point timing module and pick up counting in case receive the host node signal.
(8) measure the chromaffin body point and send data to the measurement host node, and stop the timing of chromaffin body point timing module.
(9) measure host node and be in the wait accepting state always, promptly stop the timing of host node signal in case receive chromaffin body point signal.
(10) measure the chronometric data t1 that host node extracts the host node timing module.
(11) measure host node and send " clocking information request " instruction to measuring the chromaffin body point.
(12) measure chromaffin body point and be in the wait accepting state always, receive the host node instruction.
(13) measure the chronometric data t2 that chromaffin body point extracts chromaffin body point timing module.
(14) measure host node and be in the wait accepting state always, and receive chromaffin body point data t2.
(15) measure host node with internodal distance parameter d, electromagnetic wave round trip propagation time t=t1-t2 substitution formula calculates the degree of depth to be the soil moisture content information at h place and to upload:
Wherein θ is a soil moisture content, and unit is %, and t is for measuring host node and measuring the electromagnetic wave round trip propagation time between the chromaffin body point, and unit is second, and d is for measuring host node and measuring the distance between the chromaffin body point, and unit is a rice.
Does (16) wirelessly the lower sensor network judge whether that all mutual fixed distance are that " wirelessly lower node to " of d all has been used for the measured soil water cut? If judged result is otherwise jumps to step (4); For being then to finish this soil moisture content surveying work, system gets into dormant state like judged result.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. based on the soil moisture time domain measurement method of lower sensor network wirelessly; It is characterized in that; Form lower sensor network wirelessly by several lower nodes wirelessly that are deployed in soil the inside, the travel-time of electromagnetic wave signal obtains soil moisture content information between the lower node through measuring wirelessly.
2. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps based on the soil moisture time domain measurement method of lower sensor network wirelessly:
(1) wirelessly lower node is deployed in soil the inside to be measured according to the predefined network design of lower sensor wirelessly figure, forms lower sensor network wirelessly;
(2) wirelessly two of lower sensor network selecting be not used for detecting water cut and each other fixed distance be the lower node wirelessly of d; Promptly one wirelessly lower node is right; It is right to form a measurement, and one of them is set at the measurement host node, and another one is set at measures the chromaffin body point; Host node and chromaffin body point are equipped with timing module;
(3) send electromagnetic wave signal between host node and the chromaffin body point each other; Timing module in signal transduction process in host node and the chromaffin body point is noted the time when transmitting and receiving signal separately respectively, and then obtains electromagnetic wave comes and goes propagation between the two time;
(4) utilize computes to obtain soil moisture content θ:
Wherein: θ is a soil moisture content, and unit is %, and t is for measuring host node and measuring the electromagnetic wave round trip propagation time between the chromaffin body point, and unit is second, and d is for measuring host node and measuring the distance between the chromaffin body point, and unit is a rice;
(5) judge in the lower sensor network wirelessly all mutual fixed distance whether be the lower node wirelessly of d to all being used for the measured soil water cut, as otherwise jump back to step (2), then finish the soil moisture content surveying work in this way.
3. according to claim 2 based on the soil moisture time domain measurement method of lower sensor network wirelessly; It is characterized in that; In the said step (1); The predefined network design of lower sensor wirelessly figure is specifically: wirelessly lower node is fixed as h in the soil deployed inside degree of depth; Be used to two of the measured soil water cut wirelessly the fixed distance between the lower node be d, wirelessly lower node is right to form one, this network topological diagram is planned and is deposited in advance by the staff before burying underground in the storer of lower node processor unit wirelessly;
Said 0.1m < h < 2m, 1m < d < 5m.
4. according to claim 2 based on the soil moisture time domain measurement method of lower sensor network wirelessly; It is characterized in that; Lower node wirelessly form a measurement to the time, make host node, chromaffin body point be in holding state earlier, said entering is operated as follows like step (3) then:
(3-1) host node sends electromagnetic wave to the chromaffin body point, and the host node timing unit picks up counting simultaneously, and the chromaffin body point receives the electromagnetic while, and chromaffin body point timing unit picks up counting;
After (3-2) processor in the chromaffin body point judges that signal that host node sent is errorless, send electromagnetic wave to host node, while chromaffin body point timing unit stops timing; After host node received the electromagnetic wave signal that the chromaffin body point sends over, the host node timing unit stopped timing;
(3-3) the host node timing result deducts chromaffin body point timing result and is electromagnetic wave comes and goes propagation between the two time.
5. according to claim 2 based on the soil moisture time domain measurement method of lower sensor network wirelessly; It is characterized in that; Calculate the respective value of soil moisture content φ under different t, d situation in advance; Be stored in the storer of lower node wirelessly with form then, after step (4) obtains L, can obtain soil moisture content through the form of tabling look-up.
One kind based on the said method of claim 1 based on the soil moisture time domain measurement device of lower sensor network wirelessly; It is characterized in that; Comprise that several are deployed in the lower node wirelessly of soil the inside; Wirelessly lower node comprises power supply unit, processor unit, wireless module, antenna, timing unit, said power supply unit respectively with processor unit, wireless module, timing unit is connected; Said processor unit is connected with wireless module, timing unit respectively; Said antenna is connected with wireless module, and said timing unit is connected with processor unit, wireless module respectively, the wirelessly lower node of said lower node wirelessly through measuring mutual fixed distance between travel-time of electromagnetic wave signal obtain soil moisture content information.
7. according to claim 6ly it is characterized in that based on the soil moisture time domain measurement device of lower sensor network wirelessly said power supply unit is made up of battery and LDO mu balanced circuit thereof, be used for other unit of lower node are wirelessly supplied power.
8. according to claim 6ly it is characterized in that based on the soil moisture time domain measurement device of lower sensor network wirelessly said processor unit adopts the STM32 single-chip microcomputer; Said timing unit adopts TDC-GP2 time figure conversion chip.
9. according to claim 6ly it is characterized in that based on the soil moisture time domain measurement device of lower sensor network wirelessly said antenna adopts helical antenna.
10. according to claim 6ly it is characterized in that based on the soil moisture time domain measurement device of lower sensor network wirelessly said wireless module adopts the CC1101 wireless chip, can be operated in 315MHZ, 433MHZ, 868MHZ and 915MHZ.
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| CN104904569A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-16 | 华南农业大学 | Intelligent irrigation regulation and control system and method based on dynamic water content estimation |
| CN106919213A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-04 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of output control device and method for improving hillside orchard radio transmission performance |
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| CN104904569A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-16 | 华南农业大学 | Intelligent irrigation regulation and control system and method based on dynamic water content estimation |
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