CN102744671A - Perfect cylindrical hole honing head device and structure method thereof - Google Patents
Perfect cylindrical hole honing head device and structure method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种理想圆柱孔珩磨头装置及其构造方法,装置包括空心的圆柱状结构,周向交替错位开设有基座孔的磨头架,设在磨头架的中心位置的进给杆,安装在基座孔内的油石基座,固定在油石基座上的油石,通过计算出各曲线对应的磨头行程范围与油石的长度,计算出各条油石间的相互位置关系,设计制造出满足该结果的油石分布的珩磨头装置。与现有技术相比,本发明通过调整油石的分布,调节各油石条作用区域,达到整体磨粒轨迹分布均匀,能够实现缸孔壁面材料珩磨磨去量趋于均匀的效果。
The invention relates to an ideal cylindrical hole honing head device and its construction method. The device includes a hollow cylindrical structure, a grinding head frame with base holes alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and a feed rod arranged at the center of the grinding head frame. , the whetstone base installed in the base hole, the whetstone fixed on the whetstone base, by calculating the stroke range of the grinding head corresponding to each curve and the length of the whetstone, the mutual positional relationship between each whetstone is calculated, designed and manufactured A honing head device with a distribution of oil stones that satisfies this result was developed. Compared with the prior art, the present invention adjusts the distribution of the whetstones and the action area of each whetstone strip to achieve a uniform distribution of the overall abrasive particle track, and can realize the effect that the amount of material honing on the wall surface of the cylinder hole tends to be uniform.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种提高缸孔圆柱度的珩磨工艺改进方法与珩磨头结构装置,尤其是涉及一种针对现有珩磨头运动轨迹分布存在缺陷,采用油石条错位分布结构,实现油石珩磨轨迹的均匀分布,从而提高缸孔加工精度的工艺控制方法与装置。The invention relates to a honing process improvement method and a honing head structure device for improving the cylindricity of a cylinder bore, in particular to a honing head structure that aims at the defects in the motion track distribution of the existing honing head and adopts a dislocation distribution structure of whetstone strips to realize the uniformity of the honing track of the whetstone distribution, thereby improving the process control method and device of cylinder bore machining accuracy.
背景技术 Background technique
在发动机制造工艺中,珩磨加工是最重要的一道工序,用以保证缸孔最终的精度指标。珩磨头上装载着珩磨油石,珩磨时带动油石不断的进行往复旋转,从而精密切除圆柱孔材料。因此珩磨头的结构、运动性能必将对珩磨精度产生直接影响。In the engine manufacturing process, honing is the most important process to ensure the final accuracy of the cylinder bore. The honing head is loaded with a honing oil stone, which drives the oil stone to continuously reciprocate during honing, thereby precisely cutting the material of the cylindrical hole. Therefore, the structure and motion performance of the honing head will have a direct impact on the honing accuracy.
目前发动机生产厂家所采用的珩磨头是多条油石平行于磨头轴线方向,以相同的夹角均匀分布在珩磨头的圆周上。该对称结构可以保证珩磨头在工作过程中所受的力对称分布,从而避免振动带来的对加工精度的影响。At present, the honing head used by the engine manufacturer is a plurality of oil stones parallel to the axis of the grinding head, and evenly distributed on the circumference of the honing head with the same angle. The symmetrical structure can ensure the symmetrical distribution of the force on the honing head during the working process, thereby avoiding the impact on the machining accuracy caused by vibration.
然而油石上磨粒的运动轨迹分布直接决定缸孔表面材料的去除情况,轨迹分布越密,材料去除得越多;轨迹分布越稀,材料去除得越少。改变珩磨轨迹,主要是靠调整磨头运动参数实现,但是在磨头的运动参数中,往复速度和旋转速度只能改变磨粒的轨迹沿缸孔圆周上的分布,这是由于磨头的往复速度和旋转速度改变,会引起磨头往复周期内的磨头旋转相位角θ的变化,从而改变磨粒轨迹沿缸孔圆周上的分布均匀性;下端点停留时间除了改变相位角θ外,也只能改变缸孔下端部分区域内被珩磨的程度;上下端越程量在改变相位角θ的同时,还可以改变磨粒轨迹在缸孔轴向方向上的分布情况,当油石的上下越程大于或等于油石的长度-即磨头上的油石在缸孔上下两端均全部超出缸孔时,整个缸孔高度上磨粒轨迹分布才会均匀,而实际生产中这是不可能的。因此磨粒轨迹沿缸孔高度方向上分布的不均匀性是无法通过调节磨头运动参数得到改善。将这种磨粒轨迹分布的不均匀性缺陷称之为珩磨过程中的原理性缺陷。However, the trajectory distribution of the abrasive particles on the oilstone directly determines the material removal on the surface of the cylinder bore. The denser the trajectory distribution, the more material removal; the thinner the trajectory distribution, the less material removal. Changing the honing trajectory is mainly achieved by adjusting the motion parameters of the grinding head, but in the motion parameters of the grinding head, the reciprocating speed and rotation speed can only change the distribution of the trajectory of the abrasive grains along the cylinder hole circumference, which is due to the reciprocating speed of the grinding head The change of speed and rotation speed will cause the change of the rotation phase angle θ of the grinding head during the reciprocating cycle of the grinding head, thereby changing the uniformity of the distribution of the abrasive trajectory along the cylinder bore circumference; the residence time of the lower end point will not only change the phase angle θ, but also It can only change the degree of honing in the lower part of the cylinder bore; while changing the phase angle θ, the overtravel amount of the upper and lower ends can also change the distribution of the abrasive grain trajectory in the axial direction of the cylinder bore. It is greater than or equal to the length of the oilstone - that is, when the oilstone on the grinding head exceeds the cylinder hole at both the upper and lower ends of the cylinder bore, the distribution of abrasive grain tracks on the entire height of the cylinder bore will be uniform, which is impossible in actual production. Therefore, the inhomogeneity of the distribution of the abrasive trajectory along the height direction of the cylinder bore cannot be improved by adjusting the movement parameters of the grinding head. The non-uniform defect of the distribution of the abrasive grain track is called the principle defect in the honing process.
经对现有技术的文献检索发现,均未涉及一种从磨粒轨迹重构研究出发,用于改善珩磨原理性缺陷的磨头结构与设计方法。例如“大直径珩磨头”(参见中国发明专利,公开号CN201872070A),涉及一种用于大直径孔的磨头结构;“多功能珩磨头”(参见中国发明专利,公开号CN101758450A),涉及一种仅用一个珩磨头来使被加工工件经过车削后直接加工出高精度、高表面粗糙度的表面;“涨缩式珩磨头,,(参见中国发明专利,公开号CN101633148A),涉及一种用于加工带有宽度大于单条油石的凹槽或缺口的工件。After searching the literature of the prior art, it is found that none of them involves a grinding head structure and design method for improving the principle defects of honing based on the research on the reconstruction of the abrasive trajectory. For example, "Large Diameter Honing Head" (see Chinese Invention Patent, Publication No. CN201872070A), relates to a grinding head structure for large diameter holes; A kind of honing head is used to make the processed workpiece directly process the surface with high precision and high surface roughness after turning; Suitable for processing workpieces with grooves or notches wider than a single whetstone.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种达到整体磨粒轨迹分布均匀,能够实现缸孔壁面材料珩磨磨去量趋于均匀的效果的理想圆柱孔珩磨头装置及其构造方法。The object of the present invention is to provide an ideal cylindrical hole honing head device and its device that can achieve the uniform distribution of the overall abrasive particle trajectory and the effect that the honing amount of the material on the wall surface of the cylinder hole tends to be uniform in order to overcome the defects in the above-mentioned prior art. Construction method.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种理想圆柱孔珩磨头装置,该装置包括:An ideal cylindrical hole honing head device, the device comprising:
磨头架:空心的圆柱状结构,周向交替错位开设有基座孔;Grinding head frame: a hollow cylindrical structure with base holes alternately dislocated in the circumferential direction;
进给杆:设在磨头架的中心位置;Feed rod: set at the center of the grinding head frame;
油石基座:安装在基座孔内;Whetstone base: installed in the base hole;
油石:固定在油石基座上。Oilstone: fixed on the oilstone base.
所述的基座孔开设有两排,相邻的基座孔为上下交错排列。There are two rows of base holes, and the adjacent base holes are arranged in a staggered up and down manner.
所述的进给杆呈圆锥形结构。The feed rod has a conical structure.
所述的油石基座可沿基座孔的导向槽滑动。The oil stone base can slide along the guide groove of the base hole.
所述的油石基座为楔形块,内侧的斜面与进给杆的锥面相贴合。The whetstone base is a wedge-shaped block, and the inner inclined surface fits the tapered surface of the feed rod.
所述的油石为砂条。The whetstone is a sand bar.
一种理想圆柱孔珩磨头装置的构造方法,包括以下步骤:A method for constructing an ideal cylindrical hole honing head device, comprising the following steps:
第一步,利用现有的珩磨装置,重构珩磨过程中的轨迹;The first step is to use the existing honing device to reconstruct the trajectory during the honing process;
第二步,沿缸孔的轴向取一剖面,统计得出该剖面上磨粒轨迹分布曲线;In the second step, a section is taken along the axial direction of the cylinder bore, and the distribution curve of the abrasive particle trajectory on the section is obtained statistically;
第三步,另绘多条步骤二中的分布曲线,沿着横坐标即缸孔的轴向分别将这些曲线的中心移到适当位置,改变油石行程;同时沿着横坐标伸缩每一条分布曲线的作用宽度,改变的油石长度;The third step is to draw several distribution curves in the second step, and move the centers of these curves to appropriate positions along the abscissa, that is, the axial direction of the cylinder bore, to change the stroke of the oilstone; at the same time, stretch each distribution curve along the abscissa The width of the action, the length of the changed oilstone;
第四步,分别计算出步骤三中各曲线对应的磨头行程范围与油石的长度,计算出各条油石间的相互位置关系;The fourth step is to calculate the stroke range of the grinding head and the length of the whetstone corresponding to each curve in
第五步,根据步骤四的计算结果,设计制造出满足该结果的油石分布的珩磨头装置。In the fifth step, according to the calculation result of step four, a honing head device with a distribution of oil stones satisfying the result is designed and manufactured.
所述的缸孔的圆柱度和圆度是由珩磨头装置结构和运动轨迹决定。The cylindricity and roundness of the cylinder bore are determined by the structure and motion trajectory of the honing head device.
与现有技术相比,本发明的珩磨头针对现有珩磨工艺中存在的加工缺陷,提出一种改善磨粒轨迹在缸孔高度方向上分布不均的方法。通过调整油石的分布,调节各油石条作用区域,达到整体磨粒轨迹分布均匀,能够实现缸孔壁面材料珩磨磨去量趋于均匀的效果,具体包括以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the honing head of the present invention aims at the processing defects existing in the prior honing process, and proposes a method for improving the uneven distribution of abrasive grain tracks in the height direction of the cylinder bore. By adjusting the distribution of the whetstones and the action area of each whetstone strip, the overall distribution of the abrasive particle trajectory can be evenly distributed, and the effect that the amount of honing and grinding of the cylinder bore wall surface material tends to be uniform can be achieved, which specifically includes the following advantages:
一、改善了现有珩磨头的不足:现有珩磨头上油石条是细长条状的砂条,平行于珩磨头轴线分布,因此砂条上磨粒的空间位置存在高度上的差别。基于磨粒轨迹重构的方法可知,磨粒间的这种高度上的差别导致了在珩磨过程中各磨粒的作用区域沿孔高度方向上分布的差别,各磨粒的作用区域在孔高度方向上不重合,本发明基于磨粒轨迹均匀性的珩磨头结构设计理念,采用油石条错位分布的方法来改善现有珩磨头工作时磨粒轨迹分布不均的现象。1. Improve the shortcomings of the existing honing head: the whetstone strip on the existing honing head is a slender strip of sand, which is distributed parallel to the axis of the honing head, so there is a difference in height in the spatial position of the abrasive grains on the sand strip. Based on the method of reconstructing the trajectory of abrasive grains, it can be seen that the difference in height between abrasive grains leads to the difference in the distribution of the action area of each abrasive grain along the hole height direction during the honing process. The direction does not overlap. The invention is based on the honing head structure design concept of the uniformity of the abrasive grain track, and adopts the method of dislocation distribution of the whetstone strips to improve the uneven distribution of the abrasive grain track when the existing honing head is working.
二、提高了加工效率:该发明采用油石条错位分布的方法,既保证珩磨时磨粒轨迹分布的均匀性,又增多了油石条的数目,使得单位时间内加工区域增多,从而提高了加工效率。2. Improved processing efficiency: This invention adopts the dislocation distribution method of whetstone strips, which not only ensures the uniformity of the distribution of abrasive grain tracks during honing, but also increases the number of whetstone strips, increasing the processing area per unit time, thereby improving processing efficiency .
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的主视结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的俯视结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the top view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图3为图2中A-A向的剖视结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of A-A direction in Fig. 2;
图4为图2中B-B向的剖视结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of B-B direction in Fig. 2;
图5为本发明的原理示意图(即调整前磨粒点沿缸孔轴向分布二维展开图);Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention (that is, a two-dimensional unfolded diagram of the axial distribution of abrasive grain points along the cylinder bore before adjustment);
图6为实际生产数据统计图(即缸孔轴向上中下三截面珩磨加工磨削量);Figure 6 is a statistical chart of actual production data (that is, the amount of honing processing of the upper, middle and lower three-section honing processing of the cylinder bore axially);
图7为本发明中轨迹分布统计图(即步骤二中磨粒轨迹分布曲线);Fig. 7 is a trajectory distribution statistical diagram in the present invention (that is, the abrasive particle trajectory distribution curve in step 2);
图8为本发明中轨迹分布调整方法图(即步骤三中分布曲线图,这里取两条);Fig. 8 is track distribution adjusting method figure among the present invention (being distribution curve figure in
图9为本发明中轨迹调整后轨迹作用区域示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the track action area after track adjustment in the present invention.
图中:1-磨头架,2-进给杆,3-油石基座,4-油石。In the picture: 1-grinding head frame, 2-feed rod, 3-whetstone base, 4-whetstone.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例Example
一种理想圆柱孔珩磨头装置,其结构如图1-4所示,该装置包括磨头架1、进给杆2、油石基座3及油石4。其中,磨头架1为空心的圆柱状结构,在磨头架1的周向交替错位开设有基座孔,基座孔开设有两排,相邻的基座孔为上下交错排列。进给杆2呈圆锥形结构,设在磨头架1的中心位置。油石基座3安装在基座孔内,可沿基座孔的导向槽滑动。使用的油石基座3为楔形块,内侧的斜面与进给杆2的锥面相贴合。油石4固定在油石基座3上,使用的油石4为砂条。An ideal cylindrical hole honing head device, its structure is shown in Figure 1-4, the device includes a
理想圆柱孔珩磨头装置在构造时,采用以下步骤:如图5所示,现有珩磨头结构在工作过程中的轨迹分布是中间多、两端少。图5的左侧中将磨粒的作用区域分为三个部分,反映的是磨粒的轨迹点在缸孔径向方向上的分布,其中区域1和区域3中只有部分磨粒经过,且从中心线到端面线,经过的磨粒依次减少,区域2中油石上所有磨粒都经过。因此可以知道区域2中磨粒的轨迹分布最多,区域1和区域3中油石的轨迹分布情况是从缸孔高度中心线沿两端面依次减少。由右侧也可知,缸孔高度上,中间部分磨粒轨迹点密集,而上下两端位置变稀疏。The ideal cylindrical hole honing head device is constructed using the following steps: As shown in Figure 5, the track distribution of the existing honing head structure during the working process is more in the middle and less at both ends. In the left side of Fig. 5, the action area of the abrasive grains is divided into three parts, reflecting the distribution of the trajectory points of the abrasive grains in the radial direction of the cylinder bore, in which only part of the abrasive grains in
如图6所示,实际生产中缸孔中间截面上的磨削量大,而上、下端面的磨削量小。As shown in Figure 6, in actual production, the grinding amount on the middle section of the cylinder bore is large, while the grinding amount on the upper and lower end faces is small.
如图7所示,在缸孔高度方向上,中间部分油石轨迹分布最多,该区域对应图5中的区域2,这部分区域材料去除率必然是最多的。越往缸孔端面,磨粒轨迹分布越少,因而材料去除量变小,从而最后珩磨结束时,按照材料去除率的多少来预测缸孔形状,则缸孔必然呈现腰鼓形-即中间孔径大,两端孔径小。这是由于油石条上磨粒沿缸孔轴向分布所照成的,也就是说,在油石条珩磨时,必然会存在有的磨粒在上面,有的磨粒在下面,因而磨粒沿高度方向上运动的区域各不一样,无数颗沿高度方向上分布的磨粒运动的区域合起来就形成了图7所示的情况。As shown in Figure 7, in the height direction of the cylinder bore, the oilstone track distribution in the middle part is the most, and this area corresponds to
如图8所示,图中显示了两条油石磨粒轨迹点的分布曲线,其中心位置不重合,这样第一条油石的作用区域3与第二条油石的作用区域1重合,油石的轨迹点叠加可使该区域上磨粒轨迹的分布数量与区域2接近,改善磨粒轨迹点在缸孔高度方向上分布不均,改善缸孔表面材料去除率的分布,最终改善缸孔的形状精度。As shown in Figure 8, the figure shows the distribution curves of the trajectory points of two oilstone abrasive grains, and their central positions do not coincide, so that the
如图9所示,通过不同油石条作用区域的叠加效果,实现缸孔高度上磨粒轨迹分布的均匀性。As shown in Figure 9, through the superposition effect of different whetstone strip action areas, the uniformity of the abrasive trajectory distribution on the height of the cylinder bore is realized.
根据各油石条的长度与相对位置,计算并设计出满足该结果的油石条分布的珩磨头装置,其最终结构就如图1-4所示。According to the length and relative position of each whetstone strip, calculate and design the honing head device that satisfies the distribution of whetstone strips, and its final structure is shown in Figure 1-4.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201210254221.2A CN102744671B (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2012-07-20 | Perfect cylindrical hole honing head device and structure method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105246649A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2016-01-13 | 埃尔甘-钻石工具有限责任两合公司 | Honing method and honing tool |
CN109214038A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2019-01-15 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of emery stick surface topography emulation mode |
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US3987591A (en) * | 1976-01-26 | 1976-10-26 | Ex-Cell-O Corporation | Honing tool with reversible body sleeve |
US4223485A (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1980-09-23 | S.A. Automobiles Citroen | Lapping tools |
EP0047652A2 (en) * | 1980-09-10 | 1982-03-17 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Honing head |
US4462189A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1984-07-31 | S.A. Automobiles Citroen | Grinding tool with radially shiftable abrasive bars |
SU1368162A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-01-23 | Одесский Политехнический Институт | Honing head |
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2012
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Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3987591A (en) * | 1976-01-26 | 1976-10-26 | Ex-Cell-O Corporation | Honing tool with reversible body sleeve |
US4223485A (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1980-09-23 | S.A. Automobiles Citroen | Lapping tools |
EP0047652A2 (en) * | 1980-09-10 | 1982-03-17 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Honing head |
US4462189A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1984-07-31 | S.A. Automobiles Citroen | Grinding tool with radially shiftable abrasive bars |
SU1368162A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-01-23 | Одесский Политехнический Институт | Honing head |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105246649A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2016-01-13 | 埃尔甘-钻石工具有限责任两合公司 | Honing method and honing tool |
CN105246649B (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2018-01-05 | 埃尔甘-钻石工具有限责任两合公司 | Honing method and hone |
CN109214038A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2019-01-15 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of emery stick surface topography emulation mode |
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CN102744671B (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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