CN102744109A - Environment-friendly aggregate with gas-liquid pollutant purifying function and preparation technology thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional ceramics preparation, and particularly relates to environment-friendly aggregate with a gas-liquid pollutant purifying function and a preparation technology thereof. The environment-friendly aggregate with a gas-liquid pollutant purifying function is characterized by being prepared from photocatalysis material, alkaline solution and aggregate; the photocatalysis material and the alkaline solution are mixed to obtain a mixture; and the aggregate is soaked in the mixture and calcined to obtain the environment-friendly aggregate. The environment-friendly aggregate provided by the invention has lasting and efficient degradation effect on multiple organic and inorganic pollutants, is environment-friendly and has no secondary pollution.

Description

Environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas-liquid pollutants and its preparation process

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of functional ceramics, and in particular relates to an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants and a preparation process thereof.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's economy and urbanization, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. In air pollution, the pollution caused by motor vehicle emissions is particularly prominent. According to statistics, as of 2011, the total number of motor vehicles in China has reached 220 million, and the total amount of motor vehicle emissions has exceeded 56 million tons. Among them, NOx _and PM emitted by vehicle exhaust exceed 85% of the total amount of such pollution in the atmosphere. CH and CO account for more than 70% of the total amount of such pollution in the atmosphere, which has brought great harm to human health and the urban environment. In addition to air pollution, water pollution in my country is also very serious. According to the 2011 National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China, among the 398 water quality monitoring sections in the seven major river systems in my country, only 56.3% of the sections met Grade I-III water quality, and 15.3% of the sections were inferior to Grade V water quality.

At present, the research on reducing vehicle emission pollutants mainly focuses on technical fields such as engine improvement, fossil fuel modification, and catalytic purification of motor vehicle exhaust emission systems, in order to reduce the emission of harmful substances in motor vehicle exhaust, but there are still a considerable number of harmful substances (NO _x , CO, etc.) are continuously discharged into the atmosphere, so external purification treatment is particularly important.

Road air purification materials can effectively degrade pollutants such as automobile exhaust. Previous research mainly focused on the coating of photocatalytic materials on the surface of the road surface and the blending of road materials. Difficult to maintain its long-lasting activity.

At present, in addition to centralized treatment in sewage treatment plants, there are mainly methods for treating water pollution, such as chemical agents, activated carbon adsorption, biofilm, artificial wetland, and microbial methods. The first method is likely to cause secondary pollution, and activated carbon adsorption can only absorb some pollutants. And only adsorption without degradation, the cost of the latter three is relatively high, and there are also great restrictions on the types of pollutants to be treated. the

The functional aggregates involved in this invention can continuously and efficiently degrade air and water pollutants under light conditions. At the same time, due to its porous characteristics, it can absorb solid suspended particles and various organic and inorganic pollutants, and improve the efficiency of catalytic degradation. The porous structure can also achieve the purpose of sound absorption and noise reduction and blocking thermal bridges to a certain extent.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants and its preparation process.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve its technical problems: an environmentally friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants, which is characterized in that it is prepared from photocatalytic materials, alkaline solution and aggregates, and the photocatalytic material is mixed with alkaline solution to obtain The mixture, the aggregate is immersed in the mixture and calcined to obtain the environment-friendly aggregate.

It uses the aggregate (porous material) as the matrix, the photocatalytic material as the load, and the alkali solution as the surface interface treatment agent and dispersion medium.

Above-mentioned a kind of preparation technology of the environment-friendly aggregate with purifying gas-liquid pollutant function is characterized in that it comprises the steps:

(1) Clean the aggregates: place the aggregates in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning, take them out after cleaning, dry them, and set them aside;

(2) Prepare surface interface treatment agent: prepare alkali solution as surface interface treatment agent;

(3) Homogeneously disperse the load: Weigh the photocatalytic material and put it into the prepared alkali solution to make the concentration 1~5g/L, ultrasonically disperse for half an hour to make it uniformly disperse, and obtain the mixture for later use;

(4) Vacuum Negative Pressure: Take the aggregate and put it in a vacuum saturated water machine, vacuumize (vacuum degree is -0.090~-0.098MPa), and then inject the mixture. Aggregate 24h;

(5) Take out the aggregate, dry it, and then calcinate it at 300-600°C for 1-3h, with a heating rate of 3-10°C/min, to obtain an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants (loaded with active TiO ₂ Environmentally friendly aggregates with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants).

The aggregate is any one or two of 300-900 grade ceramsite and porous ceramics mixed in any proportion.

The ceramsite used is shale ceramsite, clay ceramsite, fly ash ceramsite, garbage ceramsite, gangue ceramsite, biological sludge ceramsite or river bottom ceramsite.

The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonia solution (aqueous solution, dispersion medium is water), and the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution is 10 ^-4 ~10 ^-1 mol/L , the pH value of the ammonia solution is 10~13.

The photocatalytic material is selected from any one of active TiO ₂ , ZnO, WO ₃ , and BiVO ₄ .

The active TiO ₂ is any one of Degussa P25, Hombikat UV100, Anatase, Millennium PC100, and Ishihara ST-01.

The drying in step (5) is at 105° C. for 3 to 6 hours.

In step (1), the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 300W, and the cleaning time is 10 to 50 minutes.

In step (3), the ultrasonic power is 300W.

Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:

1. The invention provides an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants, which is environmentally friendly and has a simple and convenient manufacturing process.

2. The environment-friendly aggregate provided by the present invention can be regenerated and recycled, and has no secondary pollution to the environment.

3. The vacuum saturated negative pressure immersion method adopted in the present invention can make the photocatalytic material penetrate into the pores of the porous aggregate, increase its catalytic surface area, and continuously degrade the gas-liquid pollutants after the aggregate is cracked or the surface layer is worn; it has It has the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants in order to solve the problems of harmful gases, solid substances in the atmosphere, and serious pollution of inland water bodies.

4. Due to the alkaline treatment of the aggregates in the present invention, more defects are formed on the surface, and the combination between the photocatalytic material and the aggregate (matrix) is stronger.

5. Due to its porous nature, the aggregate used in the present invention can reduce noise during road application, and has obvious sound-absorbing effect.

6. Due to its porous nature, the aggregate used in the present invention also has a certain effect of heat preservation and sound insulation when it is applied indoors.

7. Due to its porous nature, the aggregate used in the present invention can enhance the adsorption performance of gas and solid harmful substances in the application process, and improve the photocatalytic efficiency.

8. The environment-friendly aggregate provided by the invention can be mass-produced and has strong practicability.

9. The environment-friendly aggregate provided by the present invention can be suspended in the water body by selecting different grades, thereby enhancing its ability to purify the water body.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an SEM image of a hole in the functional aggregate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 shows that a layer of photocatalyst is loaded inside the surface pores of the aggregate.

Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the surface of a certain functional aggregate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 shows that the aggregate surface is covered by photocatalyst.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but the present invention is not limited only to the following examples.

Example 1:

Select grade 300 porous shale ceramsite (that is, aggregate), put it in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning (the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 300W, and the cleaning time is 50 minutes), take it out after cleaning, and dry it at 105°C to obtain Cleaned ceramsite; weigh sodium hydroxide, dissolve it in water, and prepare a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 10 ^-1 mol/L; weigh Degussa P25 (that is, active TiO ₂ is selected as the photocatalytic material) and put it into the prepared In the sodium hydroxide solution, make the concentration of Degussa P25 1g/L, and ultrasonically disperse for half an hour to make it uniformly dispersed to obtain the mixture A; take the cleaned ceramsite and place it in a vacuum water saturation machine, and vacuumize (vacuum degree is - 0.094MPa), then inject mixture A, the amount of mixture A is subject to immersion ceramsite, soak ceramsite in vacuum negative pressure for 24h; take out ceramsite, dry at 105°C for 6h, and then calcined at 600°C for 1h (heating rate is 3°C /min), that is, an environmentally friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants (or an environmentally friendly ceramsite loaded with active TiO ₂ and having the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants).

Using a 125W high-pressure mercury lamp as the light source, a gas chromatograph (GC 9650) and a spectrophotometer as test equipment, the degradation efficiencies of aggregates to C ₆ H ₆ and methylene blue were tested respectively. The performance evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2:

Select 500-grade porous fly ash ceramsite (that is, aggregate), put it in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning (the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 300W, and the cleaning time is 40 minutes), take it out after cleaning, and dry it at 105°C. Get the cleaned ceramsite; prepare an ammonia solution with a pH value of 10; weigh ZnO (that is, the photocatalytic material) and put it into the ammonia solution prepared above, so that the concentration of ZnO is 2g/L, and ultrasonically disperse it for half an hour to make it uniform Disperse, this mixture is named B; take the cleaned ceramsite and place it in a vacuum water saturation machine, vacuumize (vacuum degree is -0.098MPa), and then inject B, the amount of B is based on the ceramsite submerged, and the vacuum negative pressure Soak the ceramsite for 24 hours; take out the ceramsite, dry it at 105°C for 3h, and then calcinate it at 300°C for 3h (the heating rate is 5°C/min). Environmentally friendly ceramsite with gas-liquid pollutant function).

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3:

Select 700-grade porous clay ceramsite (that is, aggregate), put it in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning (the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 300W, and the cleaning time is 30 minutes), take it out after cleaning, and dry it at 105°C to obtain a clean The final ceramsite; weigh potassium hydroxide, dissolve it in water, and prepare a potassium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 10 ^-4 mol/L; weigh WO ₃ (that is, the photocatalytic material) and put it into the potassium hydroxide solution prepared above , so that the concentration of WO ₃ is 5g/L, ultrasonically disperse for half an hour to make it evenly dispersed, and this mixture is named C; take the cleaned ceramsite and place it in a vacuum water saturation machine, and vacuumize (vacuum degree is -0.096MPa) , and then inject C, the amount of C is subject to immersion ceramsite, soak ceramsite in vacuum negative pressure for 24h; take out ceramsite, dry at 105°C for 4h, and then calcined at 450°C for 2h (heating rate is 8°C/min), that is Environmentally friendly aggregates with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants (or environment-friendly ceramsite with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants) are obtained.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4:

Select 800-grade garbage ceramsite (that is, aggregate), put it in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning (the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 300W, and the cleaning time is 20 minutes), take it out after cleaning, and dry it at 105°C to obtain the cleaned ceramsite; weigh potassium hydroxide, dissolve it in water, and prepare a potassium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 10 ^-3 mol/L; weigh BiVO ₄ (that is, the photocatalytic material) and put it into the potassium hydroxide solution prepared above, Make the concentration of BiVO ₄ 4g/L, ultrasonically disperse for half an hour to make it evenly dispersed, and name this mixture D; take the cleaned ceramsite and place it in a vacuum water saturator, vacuumize (vacuum degree is -0.090MPa), Then inject D, the amount of D is based on the submerged ceramsite, soak the ceramsite for 24h under vacuum negative pressure; take out the ceramsite, dry at 105°C for 4h, and then calcined at 400°C for 2h (heating rate is 10°C/min), that is Environmentally friendly aggregates with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants (or environment-friendly ceramsite with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants).

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 5:

Select 900-grade porous ceramics (that is, aggregates), place them in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning (the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 300W, and the cleaning time is 10 minutes), take them out after cleaning, and dry them at 105°C to obtain the cleaned Aggregate; prepare an ammonia solution with a pH value of 13; weigh Hombikat UV100 (that is, the photocatalytic material) and put it into the ammonia solution prepared above to make the concentration 3g/L, and ultrasonically disperse it for half an hour to make it uniformly dispersed. The mixture is named E; take the cleaned aggregate and place it in a vacuum water saturating machine, vacuumize (vacuum degree is -0.096MPa), and then inject E, the amount of E is based on the submerged aggregate, and the vacuum negative pressure soaks the aggregate 24h; take out the aggregate, dry it at 105°C for 5h, and then calcinate it at 400°C for 2h (heating rate: 10°C/min) to obtain an environmentally friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Embodiment 6:

It is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the 300-grade porous shale ceramsite (ie aggregate) is replaced by 900-grade coal gangue ceramsite.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Embodiment 7:

It is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the 300-grade porous shale ceramsite (ie aggregate) is replaced by 300-grade biological sludge ceramsite.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Embodiment 8:

It is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the 300-grade porous shale ceramsite (ie aggregate) is replaced by 900-grade river bottom mud ceramsite.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Embodiment 9:

It is basically the same as Example 5, except that Hombikat UV100 (ie photocatalytic material) is replaced by Anatase.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 10:

It is basically the same as Example 5, except that Hombikat UV100 (ie photocatalytic material) is replaced by Millennium PC100.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 11:

It is basically the same as Example 5, except that Hombikat UV100 (ie photocatalytic material) is replaced by Ishihara ST-01.

The photocatalytic performance evaluation method of the aggregate is the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Remarks: ①The amount of CO ₂ here is the amount of C ₆ H ₆ produced by the degradation of aggregates for 80 minutes. The amount of aggregates is based on 100 grams of 300-grade shale ceramsite. The mass of aggregates used in other examples is based on the volume-to-mass conversion formula mi= Calculation of ρi×m1/ρ1 (i is the case number), where mi is the mass of the aggregate used in case i, and ρi is the apparent density of the aggregate used in case i;

②The time here is the time for the aggregate to completely degrade 200ml, 10mg/L methylene blue solution. The amount of aggregate is based on 25 grams of 300-grade shale ceramsite. The amount of aggregate used in other examples is the same as above.

Table 1 shows that the environment-friendly aggregate of the present invention has the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants.

Claims (8)

1. The environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants is characterized in that it is prepared from photocatalytic material, alkaline solution and aggregate, the photocatalytic material is mixed with alkaline solution to obtain a mixture, and the aggregate is immersed in the mixture and calcined to obtain Environmentally friendly aggregates. 2. a kind of preparation technology of the environment-friendly aggregate with purifying gas-liquid pollutant function as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that it comprises the steps: (1) Clean the aggregate: place the aggregate in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning, take it out after cleaning, dry it, and set aside; (2) Prepare surface interface treatment agent: prepare alkali solution as surface interface treatment agent; (3) Homogeneously disperse the load: Weigh the photocatalytic material and put it into the prepared alkali solution to make the concentration 1~5g/L, ultrasonically disperse for half an hour to make it uniformly disperse, and obtain the mixture for later use; (4) Vacuum negative pressure: take the aggregate and place it in a vacuum saturated water machine, vacuumize, and then inject the mixture. The amount of the mixture is based on the submerged aggregate, and the aggregate is soaked in vacuum negative pressure for 24 hours; (5) Take out the aggregate, dry it, and then calcinate it at 300-600°C for 1-3h, with a heating rate of 3-10°C/min, to obtain an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas and liquid pollutants. 3. The preparation process of an environmentally friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas-liquid pollutants according to claim 2, characterized in that: the aggregate is any one of 300-900 grade ceramsite and porous ceramics One or two kinds are mixed in any proportion. 4. the preparation process of a kind of environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas-liquid pollutants according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the ceramsite used is shale ceramsite, clay ceramsite, fly ash ceramsite, Garbage ceramsite, coal gangue ceramsite, biological sludge ceramsite or river bottom mud ceramsite. 5. The preparation process of an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas-liquid pollutants according to claim 2, characterized in that: the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonia solution, The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution is 10 ^-4 ~10 ^-1 mol/L, and the pH value of ammonia solution is 10~13. 6. The preparation process of an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas-liquid pollutants according to claim 2, characterized in that: the photocatalytic material is selected from active TiO ₂ , ZnO, WO ₃ , BiVO ₄ any of the 7. The preparation process of an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas-liquid pollutants according to claim 6, characterized in that: the active TiO2 is Degussa _P25 , Hombikat UV100, Anatase, Millennium PC100, Ishihara Any one of ST-01. 8. The preparation process of an environment-friendly aggregate with the function of purifying gas-liquid pollutants according to claim 2, characterized in that: the drying in step (5) is at 105°C for 3-6 hours.

Images