CN102742522A - Method for promoting gonad maturing of pseudorasbora parva out of season - Google Patents
Method for promoting gonad maturing of pseudorasbora parva out of season Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic livestock reproduction, and relates to a method for promoting the gonad maturing of pseudorasbora parva out of season. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, selecting pseudorasbora parva longer than 40mm and heavier than 1.0g in September to October, and carrying the pseudorasbora parva back with an oxygen bag as a parent; (2) soaking the pseudorasbora parva body in 2-3% saline solution for 5 minutes, and temporarily cultivating for 2 weeks in a circulating aquaculture system, wherein the daily feed is 5-8% of the pseudorasbora parva weight in the temporary cultivation period; (3) transferring the pseudorasbora parva into an aquarium with a circulating filtration and oxygen increasing device, wherein the density is 12 pseudorasbora parvas per aquarium; and controlling the water temperature to 22-24 DEG C, the light intensity on water surface is 400lux, and the illumination time is 16-24h/d; (4) feeding the pseudorasbora parvas in the morning and afternoon everyday; and (5) changing water once every 2 weeks, wherein 1/2 of the cultivation water is changed; and the physicochemical conditions of water are: the dissolved oxygen is greater than or equal to 7.5mg/L, the pH is 7.5-8.0, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.01mg/L; and cultivating for 2 months to obtain the pseudorasbora parva with mature gonad development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic livestock propagation technique field, be specifically related to promote in a kind of anti-season the method for pseudorasbora parva gonad maturity.
Background technology
Work out the surface water and the fisheries water water quality benchmark or the standard of toxic chemical substance, estimate the influence of poisonous chemical confrontation aquatic ecosystem, all indispensable toxicity test of fishes material.For a long time, China adopts economic fishs such as green grass or young crops, grass, silver carp, flathead as the acute toxicity experience material, but because of its sexual maturity time long, fingerling stage individuality thereby is tested and is received certain restriction greatly; Also adopt fish such as blue or green Medaka that the Organization of Economy and Cooperation Development (OECO) and Environmental Protection Agency USA (USEPA) recommend, zebra fish, blackhead moccasin hemiculeer leucisculus as the toxicity test material, but these experiment materials not China endemic species, exist and degenerate and problem such as introduce a fine variety.Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences begins to cultivate China distinctive experiment fish---Gobiocypris rarus in nineteen ninety; Fields such as environmental science and genetics have been applied at present; But Gobiocypris rarus only is distributed in ground such as Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province, Shuangliu County, Dujiangyan City, Pengzhou City; Distribution is narrow, and the quantity of wild state is few, has certain limitation as the experiment fish.Therefore making up based on the living body biological toxicity test material that blazons fish is present problem demanding prompt solution.According to pertinent literature and field investigation, pseudorasbora parva (Pseudorasbora parva, 1842) is a living body biological toxicity test candidate material preferably as a kind of small-sized cyprinid fish of extensive distribution.
Parva (Pseudorasbora? Parva), also known as a small grass carp, Rohan fish belonging Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, minnow subfamily parva genus.Pseudorasbora parva is the small fishes that extensively distributes in the fresh water; Originally be distributed in middle part, Asia (China, Korea S, Japan, Amur basin etc.); 50～sixties of 20th century, bring in the middle part of the Asia along with introducing a fine variety of grass carp, silver carp etc. and central europe, because of it has ecological plasticity; Can adapt to new environment rapidly, be distributed widely in the ground such as Algeria in Asia, Europe, Africa at present.Since pseudorasbora parva have distribute wide, individual little (total length＜120mm), early sexual maturity (1 rheological properties is ripe), lay eggs in batches, short, the male characteristics such as ovum behavior of protecting of generation cycle; Pseudorasbora parva possibly become a kind of novel experiment fish, applies to research fields such as environmental science and genetics.Few because of its meat thorniness simultaneously, flavor is delicious, receives liking of consumers in general deeply, and as general food fish, the market price is 7～10 yuan/jin with it in many areas; Pseudorasbora parva is also wide because of distributing, breeding can be used as the new feed source of some carnivorous economic fish soon.No matter be as test fish or marketable fish, be necessary to seek the breeding that a kind of method is controlled pseudorasbora parva, make it whenever can both the breeding of the whole year, thereby obtain a large amount of offsprings.In view of natural propagation season of pseudorasbora parva is 3～June, breeding in winter or the time that prolongs its natural propagation just seem particularly important, and the control breeding the most important thing is to control its gonad development.
At present; Regulation and control for the aquatic livestock gonad development; Main adopt injection or throw something and feed sex hormone and analog (as: Buserein, 17 beta estradiols and androstenedione etc.) thereof realize that hormone induction possibly bring some harm to fish, filial generation and the mankind for a long time.In recent years,, can promote the gonad development of fish, and on producing, the application of certain scale arranged through to regulation and control such as nutrition, illumination and water temperatures.There is report to think that long periodicity of illumination can promote rainbow trout (Scott et al., 1984; Duston and Bromage, 1986; 1988; Solbakken et al.; 2000), halibut (Norberg et al., 2001), arctic Jiayu (Duston et al., 2003), sweetfish (Guan Zhongzhi etc.; 2009), swamp eel (Ruan Guoliang etc.; 2010) gonad development etc., and long illumination can promote fish growth, ingest, do not cause the stress reaction of fish.Photoperiod is different because of the different developmental phases of the kind of fish, fish to the influence of fish gonad development and growth.
Do not see the relevant report that relevant anti-season promotes the pseudorasbora parva gonad maturity up to now as yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of anti-season to promote the method for pseudorasbora parva gonad maturity, this method is easy and simple to handle, cost is low, and the pseudorasbora parva of cultivating is individual healthy and strong; Secondary sexual character is obvious; Through detecting, the pseudorasbora parva gonadal maturation provides good parent for breeding in the anti-season of laboratory pseudorasbora parva.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of being applicable to promotes the method for pseudorasbora parva gonad maturity in anti-season, and its step is following:
(1) in middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area, annual 9～October, selective body was grown up in 40mm, and body weight is greater than the pseudorasbora parva of 1.0g, transported back with oxygen bag and was the parent;
(2) saline solution with 2～3% concentration soaked the fish body 5 minutes, and put into circulating water culture system and supported for 2 weeks temporarily, the diameter 60cm of this system, high 80cm, water volume 180L, the bait during supporting temporarily is for raising together with fish meal; Described feed is 5～8% of fish body weight by daily ration, the crude protein in the feed>=24.0%, raw fiber>=12.0%, coarse ash>=14.0%, moisture≤12.5%;
(3) pseudorasbora parva of step (2) being transferred to length * wide * height is 120 * 40 * 60cm, and water volume is to continue to cultivate in the aquarium that has circulating filtration and oxygen-increasing device of 180L, and aquarium also is provided with heating rod and time control switch; Every case cultivation density is 12 tails; In the breeding process, keep 22～24 ℃ of water temperatures, the intensity of illumination of the water surface is 400lux, light application time is 16～～24h/d;
(4) the throw something and feed every day described feed of step (2) 2 times divides at 9 o'clock in the morning and at 5 o'clock in afternoon;
(5) per 2 weeks are changed the running water of an aeration, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/2 of a breeding water body volume, and water body (behind the aeration) physico chemical factor remains: dissolved oxygen>=7.5mg/L, pH are 7.5～8.0, ammonia nitrogen≤0.1mg/L, nitrite nitrogen≤0.01mg/L; Cultivate the pseudorasbora parva that obtained gonadal maturation in 2 months (secondary sexual character is obvious, and female pseudorasbora parva belly is soft, expand, and gently presses belly can extrude the ovum grain, and the cutin star-pursuing appears in male rhynchodaenm, lower jaw, gill cover bottom, gently presses belly can extrude seminal fluid).
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. the present invention is not high to equipment requirements, easy and simple to handle, and cost is low, and common laboratory or plant all can realize.
2. the present invention is little to the damage of pseudorasbora parva, can not bring side effect to parent and filial generation.
3. the present invention can observe the secondary sexual character of pseudorasbora parva at any time, judges the mature condition of pseudorasbora parva, thereby matches natural propagation or artificial propagation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: photoperiod and bait throwing in time (black is being represented dark, and arrow is being represented the time of throwing something and feeding).
Fig. 2: different light under the cycle female wheat head fish-egg through the size distribution situation.
Fig. 3: the gonadal tissue check result of different light pseudorasbora parva under the cycle.Among the figure: Fig. 3 A: (16L: 8D, 20L: 4D and 24L: 0D) exist the egg mother cell of different developmental phases in the ovary, the egg mother cell of phase when I～IV is arranged under the long periodicity of illumination; Fig. 3 B: (12L: 12D, 8L: 16D, 4L: 20D and 0L: 24D), exist the egg mother cell of different developmental phases in the ovary, the egg mother cell of phase when I～III is arranged under the short periodicity of illumination; Fig. 3 C: under the short periodicity of illumination, the egg mother cell of phase when I～II is arranged in the ovary; Fig. 3 D: the spermary of male pseudorasbora parva, visible The mature sperm cell.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is practiced and to describe.
Embodiments of the invention are to carry out with key lab of the breeding Ministry of Education at marine products institute of Hua Zhong Agriculture University agricultural animal genetic breeding, and the practical implementation step is following:
(1) selection of parent population: in October, 2010, Liangzi Lake obtains 500 tail pseudorasbora parvas from Hubei Province, and body weight is 0.8～2.5g, transports the laboratory back with oxygen bag.
(2) support temporarily: the saline solution with 2～3% soaked the fish body after 5 minutes; Put into circular glass fiber cylinder (the diameter 60cm of circulating water culture system; Height 80cm, water volume 180L) supported for 2 weeks temporarily in, feed is by daily ration during supporting temporarily; Be 5～8% of fish body weight, described feed is that the commodity that Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Gao Long group produces are raised together with carp compound feed (technical indicator: crude protein>=24.0%, raw fiber>=12.0%, coarse ash>=14.0%, moisture≤12.5%).
(3) comprehensive regulation: with the pseudorasbora parva (body weight is about 1.0g) of apparent individual health in the step (2); Transfer to aquarium (120 * 40 * 60cm; Water volume 180L) cultivates in; 12 tails/case, aquarium (being purchased) have fluorescent lamp, heating rod and the micro computer time-controlled switch that Automatic Cycle is filtered aeration system, a 30w.
1) test is divided into 7 different illumination groups, and 3 every group parallel, and light application time is made as respectively: 0h has light/24h dark (to be abbreviated as: 0L: 24D; Together following), 4h has light/20h dark, and (4L: 20D), 8h has the dark (8L: 16D) of light/16h; 12h has light/12h dark, and (12L: 12D), 16h has light/8h dark, and (16L: 8D), 20h has the dark (20L: 4D) of light/4h; 24h has the dark (24L: 0D) of light/0h; By the photoperiod of micro computer time-controlled switch (available from Tianzheng Group Co., Ltd./Shanghai, model is KG316T) control experiment, photocontrol sees Fig. 1 for details.
2) in the breeding process, 22～24 ℃ of control water temperatures (heating rod is available from wound star Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd/Guangzhou, and model is AT-300W), artificial illumination adopts fluorescent lamp, and its installation site is apart from water surface 30cm, and the intensity of illumination of the water surface is 400lx;
3) feed of throwing something and feeding every day 2 times, at 9 o'clock in the morning and at 5 o'clock in afternoon, the same step of feed and feeding volume (2).
4) per 2 weeks are changed the running water of an aeration, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/2 of a breeding water body volume.Water body (behind the aeration) physico chemical factor is: dissolved oxygen>=7.5mg/L, pH are 7.5～8.0, ammonia nitrogen≤0.1mg/L, nitrite nitrogen≤0.01mg/L.
(4) 2 months cultivation of warp; By in by the end of December, 2010; Find under the long periodicity of illumination (16L: 8D, 20L: 4D and 24L: 0D) most of female pseudorasbora parva belly soft, expand; The light belly of pressing can be extruded the ovum grain, and each experimental group all has secondary sexual character significantly male (the cutin star-pursuing appears in rhynchodaenm, lower jaw, gill cover bottom, gently presses belly can extrude seminal fluid).Through measuring and detecting, the growing state of pseudorasbora parva, sexual gland index are seen table 1.
Growth of pseudorasbora parva and gonad development situation under table 1 different illumination conditions
Annotate: the mean+SD of data for analyzing through Tukey ' s in the table, different lowercases is represented classical prescription difference analysis significant difference (p＜0.05) after the same column data.
*Male sample size is not enough, does not carry out variance analysis.
Can find out from table 1; Long periodicity of illumination (16L: 8D, 20L: 4D and 24L: 0D) can promote the growth of pseudorasbora parva; Opisthosoma is 2.21 ± 0.16～2.36+0.20g heavily, is significantly higher than short illumination group and unglazed according to group (12L: 12D, 8L: 16D, 4L: 20D and 0L: 24D) (p＜0.05); Sexual gland index female and male under the long periodicity of illumination is respectively 11.48 ± 0.28～12.36 ± 0.31%, and 1.78 ± 0.64～2.26 ± 1.23%, also be higher than short illumination group and unglazed according to group.
As can be seen from Figure 2 female wheat head fish-egg footpath size distribution situation; (16L: 8D, 20L: 4D and 24L: 0D) female wheat head fish-egg footpath size is 78.21～1270.34 μ m to long periodicity of illumination, and (12L: 12D, 8L: 16D, 4L: 20D and 0L: 24D) female wheat head fish-egg footpath size is no more than 500 μ m to short periodicity of illumination group.
Histological examination showed: exist not the egg mother cell of phase simultaneously in the ovary of pseudorasbora parva; Under long periodicity of illumination; The egg mother cell of phase when having the I～IV in the ovary (Fig. 3-A); At short periodicity of illumination and unglazed according under the cycle, the egg mother cell (Fig. 3-B, 3-C) of phase when having the I～III in the ovary of pseudorasbora parva.As if the photoperiod is little to the development impact of male pseudorasbora parva spermary, under 7 groups of photoperiods, all has movable sperm (Fig. 3-D) in the pseudorasbora parva spermary.
The present invention provides practical technique for the anti-season breeding of pseudorasbora parva; (document is referring to Zhang Tanglin etc. to make the pseudorasbora parva gonad maturity reach the level in normal breeding season of report; 1998), become experiment fish and commercial fish species field and have boundless application prospect the exploitation pseudorasbora parva.
List of references
Guan Zhongzhi etc., illumination and water temperature are to the influence of sweetfish gonad development. Fisheries Science magazine, 2009,22 (4): 27-30.
Ruan state is good etc., asks the influence to swamp eel growth and gonad development during illumination. hubei agricultural science, 2010,49 (3): 656-658.
Zhang Tanglin etc., security personnel lake pseudorasbora parva population biology II. breeding. aquatile journal, 1998,22 (Suppl.): 147-154.
Duston，J.，et?al，Long-to-short?photoperiod?in?winter?halves?the?incidence?of?sexual?maturity?among?Arcticcharr.Aquaculture，2003，221，567-580.
Duston，J.，et?al.，Photoperiodic?mechanisms?and?rhythms?of?reproduction?in?the?female?rainbow?trout.FishPhysiol.Biochem.1986，2(1-4)，35-51.
Duston，J.，et?a1.，The?entrainment?and?gating?of?the?endogenous?circannual?rhythm?of?reproduction?in?thefemale?rainbow?trout(Salmo?gairdneri).J.Comp.Physiol.A.1988，164，259-268.
Norberg，B.，et?al.，Effects?of?photoperiod?on?sexual?maturation?and?somatic?growth?in?male?Atlantic?halibut.Hippoglossus?hippoglossus?L.Comp.Biochem.Physiol.B.2001，129，357-365.
Scott，A.P.，et?al.，Control?of?spawning?time?in?rainbow?trout，Salmo?gairdneri，using?constant?longdaylengths.Aquaculture，1984，43，225-233.
Solbakken，V.，et?al.，Effects?of?photoperiod?on?somatic?growth?and?sexual?maturation?in?rainbow?trout(Oncorhynchus?mykiss)in?sea?cages.In：Norberg，B.，Kjesbu，O.S.，Taranger，G.L.，Andersson，E.，Stefansson，S.O.(Eds.)，Proceedings?of?the?6th?International?Symposium?on?the?Reproductive?Physiology?of?Fish，July?4-9，1999，University?of?Bergen，Bergen，Norway，pp.339.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is applicable to and anti-season promotes the method for pseudorasbora parva gonad maturity, it is characterized in that the following step:
(1) in area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, every year, 9～October, selective body was grown up in 40mm, and body weight is transported back as the parent with oxygen bag greater than the pseudorasbora parva of 1.0g;
(2) saline solution with 2～3% concentration soaked the fish body 5 minutes, and put into circulating water culture system and supported for 2 weeks temporarily, the diameter 60cm of this system, high 80cm, water volume 180L, the bait during supporting temporarily is for raising together with fish meal; Described feed is per diem counted 5～8% of fish body weight, the crude protein in the feed>=24.0%, raw fiber>=12.0%, coarse ash>=14.0%, moisture≤12.5%;
(3) pseudorasbora parva of step (2) being transferred to water volume is to have in the aquarium of circulating filtration and oxygen-increasing device to continue to cultivate, and every case cultivation density is 12 tails; In the breeding process, keep 22～24 ℃ of water temperatures, the intensity of illumination of the water surface is 400lux, and light application time is 16～24h/d;
(4) the throw something and feed every day described feed of step (2) 2 times divides at 9 o'clock in the morning and at 5 o'clock in afternoon;
(5) per 2 weeks are changed the running water of an aeration, quantity of exchanged water be breeding water body long-pending 1/2, the water body physico chemical factor remains: dissolved oxygen>=7.5mg/L, pH are 7.5～8.0, ammonia nitrogen≤0.1mg/L, nitrite nitrogen≤0.01mg/L; Cultivate the pseudorasbora parva that obtained gonadal maturation in 2 months.
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| CN111655030B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2022-08-12 | 斯托芬菲库有限责任公司 | Aquaculture method for producing salmon roe |
| CN113303251A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-27 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Efficient artificial reinforcement cultivation method for siganus longipes parents |
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