CN102738587B - Meta-material with partial optical axes rotated and method for enabling rotation of partial optical axes of meta-material - Google Patents
Meta-material with partial optical axes rotated and method for enabling rotation of partial optical axes of meta-material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102738587B CN102738587B CN201110081023.6A CN201110081023A CN102738587B CN 102738587 B CN102738587 B CN 102738587B CN 201110081023 A CN201110081023 A CN 201110081023A CN 102738587 B CN102738587 B CN 102738587B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a meta-material with partial optical axes rotated. The meta-material comprises a substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructures attached to the substrate. At least one artificial microstructure has a different electromagnetic parameter tensor from that of others, so that the optical axes in the part of the meta-material rotate relative to the optical axes in other parts. According to the meta-material with partial optical axes rotated, only a partial electromagnetic parameter tensor needs to be designed to make the partial optical axes rotate, so enabling a rotation of partial optical axes of the meta-material is easy and feasible. Also, the invention relates to a method for enabling the rotation of partial optical axes of the meta-material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to super Material Field, relate to particularly a kind of super material of local optical axis rotation and realize the method that the local optical axis of super material rotates.
Background technology
Anisotropic is not rarely seen at nature, the anisotropy of for example crystal is along the different directions of lattice, periodicity and the density degree of atomic arrangement are not quite similar, and cause thus crystal also different in the physicochemical characteristics of different directions, the anisotropy of Here it is crystal.With regard to electromagnetic property, anisotropic material is in space, and the electromagnetic parameter of every bit is also incomplete same, and the electromagnetic parameter of the every bit of isotropic material in space is all identical.
Although crystal has anisotropy, due to the interatomic intrinsic relation of composition crystal, represent that the matrix of electromagnetic parameter can not be selected arbitrarily, and the anisotropy of the different piece of crystal (wafer) is the same.Therefore, the local light direction of principal axis light of crystal is normally fixed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, the defect that can not arbitrarily change for the local optical axis of existing crystal provides the super material that a kind of local optical axis rotates and realizes the method that the local optical axis of super material rotates.
The super material of local optical axis rotation of the present invention, comprises base material and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural on base material, and the electromagnetic parameter tensor of at least one artificial micro-structural is different from other place, and super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis.
Further, described base material, by stacking formation of multiple plate shape substrates that are parallel to each other, is all attached with multiple artificial micro-structurals on each plate shape substrates.
Further, on each plate shape substrates, the structure that all people make micro-structural is identical, and all people to make micro-structural arranging on each plate shape substrates also identical.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is metal micro structure, and described each metal micro structure is the figuratum metal wire being attached on plate shape substrates of a tool, and the pattern of described metal wire is non-90 degree Rotational Symmetry figures.
Further, described metal wire is attached on plate shape substrates by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
Further, described metal wire is I shape.
Further, described plate shape substrates is made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
Further, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
According to the super material of local optical axis rotation of the present invention, because different electromagnetic parameter tensors is corresponding to different index ellipsoids, be that different electromagnetic parameter tensors has different optical axises, therefore, the super material of the local optical axis rotation in the present invention, be different from other place by the electromagnetic parameter tensor of at least one artificial micro-structural is set in super material, super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis.
The method of the local optical axis rotation of the super material of realization of the present invention is as follows, and the electromagnetic parameter tensor that designs at least one the artificial micro-structural in super material is different from other place, and super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis.
The method of the local optical axis rotation of the super material of realization according to the present invention, because different electromagnetic parameter tensors is corresponding to different index ellipsoids, be that different electromagnetic parameter tensors has different optical axises, therefore be different from other place by designing the electromagnetic parameter tensor of at least one artificial micro-structural in super material, super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the distribution schematic diagram of optical axis in embodiment of super material provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the distribution schematic diagram of optical axis in another embodiment of super material provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of arranging that the super material of the corresponding a kind of form of optical axis distribution map shown in Fig. 1 adopts I shape metal micro structure;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of arranging that the super material of the corresponding a kind of form of optical axis distribution map shown in Fig. 2 adopts I shape metal micro structure;
Fig. 5 is two-dimentional alabastrine metal micro structure;
Fig. 6 is the pattern of another metal micro structure that shown in Fig. 5, pattern deformation obtains;
Fig. 7 is the pattern of another metal micro structure that shown in Fig. 5, pattern deformation obtains;
Fig. 8 is the pattern of another metal micro structure that shown in Fig. 5, pattern deformation obtains.
Embodiment
" super material " refers to artificial composite structure or the composite material that some have the not available extraordinary physical property of natural material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick at material, can break through the restriction of some apparent natural law, thereby obtain the meta-materials function that exceeds the intrinsic common character of nature.
Three key characters that " super material " has:
(1) " super material " normally has novel artificial structure's composite material;
(2) " super material " has extraordinary physical property (not available in natural material often);
(3) " super material " character is determined jointly by the intrinsic properties of constituent material and artificial micro-structural wherein.
As described in Fig. 1 to 4, the super material of local optical axis rotation of the present invention, comprise base material 1 and be attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural 2 on base material 1, the electromagnetic parameter tensor of at least one artificial micro-structural 2 is different from other place, and super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis.Electromagnetic parameter herein refers to dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.Electromagnetic parameter tensor difference can have following several situation, permittivity tensor difference, and permeability tensor difference, permittivity tensor is all different from permeability tensor.The difference of electromagnetic parameter tensor is determining different index ellipsoid 20, has therefore determined different optical axis directions.Therefore change local electromagnetic parameter tensor, can reach the object of the local optical axis of rotation.Rotation herein refers to that the optical axis of the different one or more parts of electromagnetic parameter tensor has one with respect to the optical axis at other place and is not equal to 0 angle.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, described base material 1, by stacking formation of multiple plate shape substrates that are parallel to each other 11, is all attached with multiple artificial micro-structurals 2 on each plate shape substrates 11.If Fig. 3 is to as shown in Fig. 4, plate shape substrates 11 stacking directions are the direction perpendicular to paper.More preferably, on each plate shape substrates 11, the structure that all people make micro-structural 2 is identical, and it is also identical that all people make micro-structural 2 arranging on each plate shape substrates 11, if we regard a plate shape substrates and the artificial micro-structural of adhering on it as assembly, whole super material is equivalent to be formed by the multiple described stack of components being parallel to each other.The benefit of doing is like this to simplify technique, and the structure of certain artificial micro-structural is not identical also passable, because the artificial micro-structural of different structure also can realize identical electromagnetic parameter tensor.Actual when doing product, can also encapsulate it, make to can't see artificial micro-structural from outside, the material of encapsulation is identical with base material.
As an embodiment, described artificial micro-structural 2 is metal micro structure, and described each metal micro structure is the figuratum metal wire being attached on plate shape substrates 11 of a tool.The pattern of described metal wire is non-90 degree Rotational Symmetry figures, non-90 degree Rotational Symmetry figures are the rotational symmetric relative concepts of 90 degree, so-called 90 degree Rotational Symmetries refer to, one figure along its symmetrical centre to any direction 90-degree rotation after all with former graphs coincide, there is the cell that the metal micro structure of this figure forms and show isotropism (be every of electromagnetic parameter tensor all identical) in cell space.Otherwise, there are the cells that the metal micro structures of the rotational symmetric figure of non-90 degree form and show as anisotropy (being not to be that the electromagnetic parameter tensor of every is all identical in cell space).Be anisotropic metal micro structure, after it rotates to an angle (this angle ensures not overlap after rotation), its electromagnetic parameter tensor space is arranged and is changed, and therefore index ellipsoid also changes, thereby optical axis has correspondingly also been realized rotation.
As an embodiment, described metal wire is attached on plate shape substrates 11 by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.Certainly, can be also other feasible processing methods such as three-dimensional laser processing.
In the case of the characteristic of incident electromagnetic wave is definite, the electromagnetic characteristic of outgoing as required (local optical axis changes can realize the function that a lot of common materials cannot be realized, make the characteristic of outgoing wave can manual control) designs the super material of local optical axis rotation of the present invention.For example, can first select the material of base material and metal micro structure, then obtain by pattern, design size and/or metal micro structure the arranging in space that changes metal micro structure the outgoing electromagnetic characteristics of wanting.This be because, by changing pattern, design size and/or metal micro structure the arranging in space of metal micro structure, can change electromagnetic parameter ε and the μ of each cell in super material space, thereby the refractive index n that changes respective cells, the optical axis direction of each cell can designed, designed.How as for the pattern that obtains metal micro structure, design size and/or metal micro structure arranging in space, this method is multiple, give an example, can obtain by reverse computer simulation, first determine that according to the outgoing electromagnetic characteristics of wanting the electromagnetic parameter of super material polarization converter entirety distributes, calculate again the electromagnetic parameter distribution of each cell space from entirety, select the pattern of corresponding artificial micro-structural according to the electromagnetic parameter of this each cell, design size and/or metal micro structure arranging in space (having deposited in advance various metals micro-structural data in computer).Can use the method for exhaustion to the design of each cell, for example first select a metal micro structure with specific pattern, calculate electromagnetic parameter, the contrast that the result obtaining and we are wanted, contrast recirculation repeatedly, till the electromagnetic parameter that finds us to want, if found, the design parameter that has completed metal micro structure is selected; If do not find, change a kind of metal micro structure of pattern, repeat circulation above, till the electromagnetic parameter that finds us to want.If still do not found, said process also can not stop.That is to say that after the metal micro structure of the electromagnetic parameter that has only found our needs, program just can stop.Because this process is all completed by computer, therefore, seem complicated, in fact can complete soon.
Fig. 1 is the distribution schematic diagram of optical axis in embodiment of super material provided by the present invention.In the present embodiment, only has an optical axis n
e1there is rotation, n
e2represent other optical axis, n
e1with n
e2have one not to be 0 angle., in the time of design, make optical axis n
e1corresponding metal micro structure electromagnetic parameter tensor is herein different from other place, makes super material at this local optical axis n
e1the n of other place relatively
e2rotate.Shown in Fig. 2, the distribution schematic diagram of optical axis in another embodiment of super material provided by the present invention, in the present embodiment, only has optical axis n
e1the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the position that rotation occurred in super material, n
e2represent other optical axis, n
e1with n
e2have one not to be 0 angle.Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of arranging that the super material of the corresponding a kind of form of optical axis distribution map shown in Fig. 1 adopts I shape metal micro structure; Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of arranging that the super material of the corresponding a kind of form of optical axis distribution map shown in Fig. 2 adopts I shape metal micro structure.Above-mentioned two examples are all schematically, according to different needs, can change as shown below:
(1) optical axis n
e1n relatively
e2can there is the different anglec of rotation (but not overlapping after rotation);
(2) optical axis n
e1can be a place, can be also many places, that is to say the rotation that can realize the one or more parts of optical axis;
(3) metal micro structure can also have other version; As an embodiment, as shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 5, described metal micro structure is I shape.I shape is non-rotating 90 degree symmetric figures, and the cell with the metal micro structure formation of this figure shows as anisotropy.Therefore can realize the rotation of optical axis by the metal micro structure of rotation I shape pattern.I shape is the metal micro structure figure becoming more readily available, and processes quite simply, and it can have a lot of substitutes; Metal micro structure as alabastrine in the two dimension of Fig. 5, i.e. alternative above-mentioned I shape metal micro structure, realizes the part rotation of optical axis; Fig. 6 to 8 is some distortion of Fig. 5, also can achieve the goal.Should be appreciated that the metal micro structure shown in I shape metal micro structure and Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 is all several examples wherein.Anyly be anisotropic metal micro structure, after it rotates to an angle (this angle ensures not overlap after rotation), its electromagnetic parameter tensor space is arranged and all can be changed, thereby optical axis all can correspondingly be realized rotation.
Described plate shape substrates 11 of the present invention can be made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.As an embodiment, select the polytetrafluoroethylene in macromolecular material to make plate shape substrates.The electrical insulating property of polytetrafluoroethylene is very good, and therefore can electromagnetic electric field not produced and be disturbed, and there is good chemical stability, corrosion resistance, long service life, the base material adhering to as metal micro structure is good selection.Can certainly select the composite material such as FR4 or F4b.
As an embodiment, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.Copper conducts electricity very well with silver, sensitiveer to the response of electric field.
The method of the local optical axis rotation of the super material of realization of the present invention is as follows, and the electromagnetic parameter tensor that designs at least one the artificial micro-structural in super material is different from other place, and super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the super material of a local optical axis rotation, described super material comprises base material and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural on base material, described base material is by stacking formation of multiple plate shape substrates that are parallel to each other, on each plate shape substrates, be all attached with multiple artificial micro-structurals, described artificial micro-structural is metal micro structure, described each metal micro structure is the figuratum metal wire being attached on plate shape substrates of a tool, the pattern of described metal wire is non-90 degree Rotational Symmetry figures, it is characterized in that, the electromagnetic parameter tensor of at least one artificial micro-structural is different from other place, super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis, it is not 0 angle that the optical axis at this part optical axis and other place has one.
2. the super material of local optical axis rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, on each plate shape substrates, the structure that all people make micro-structural is identical, and all people to make micro-structural arranging on each plate shape substrates also identical.
3. the super material of local optical axis rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal wire is attached on plate shape substrates by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
4. the super material of local optical axis rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal wire is I shape.
5. the super material of local optical axis rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plate shape substrates is made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
6. the super material of local optical axis rotation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
7. realize the method for the local optical axis rotation of super material for one kind, it is characterized in that, the electromagnetic parameter tensor that designs at least one the artificial micro-structural in super material is different from other place, wherein, described super material comprises base material and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural on base material, described base material is by stacking formation of multiple plate shape substrates that are parallel to each other, on each plate shape substrates, be all attached with multiple artificial micro-structurals, described artificial micro-structural is metal micro structure, described each metal micro structure is the figuratum metal wire being attached on plate shape substrates of a tool, the pattern of described metal wire is non-90 degree Rotational Symmetry figures, super material is rotated at other place relatively at this local optical axis, it is not 0 angle that the optical axis at this part optical axis and other place has one.
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| E.Plum等."Metamaterials: Optical Activity without Chirality".《PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS》.2009,"Metamaterials: Optical Activity without Chirality". * |
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