CN102738585B - Transmit-receive sharing dual-polarization waveguide array antenna - Google Patents

Transmit-receive sharing dual-polarization waveguide array antenna Download PDF

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CN102738585B
CN102738585B CN201210224663.2A CN201210224663A CN102738585B CN 102738585 B CN102738585 B CN 102738585B CN 201210224663 A CN201210224663 A CN 201210224663A CN 102738585 B CN102738585 B CN 102738585B
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waveguide
polarization
wavelength
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array antenna
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CN102738585A (en
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韩国栋
武伟
杜彪
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CETC 54 Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a transmit-receive sharing dual-polarization waveguide array antenna, which comprises a dual-polarization antenna unit and a waveguide feed network, wherein the dual-polarization antenna unit is composed of a radiation port, a main waveguide, a transition waveguide, a vertical polarization waveguide, a horizontal polarization waveguide and a polarization switching waveguide. A method of a horizontal polarization and a vertical polarization sharing the same one aperture is utilized, so that the aperture utilization efficiency of the antenna is increased. The horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization adopt a waveguide feed mode, so that the loss of the feed network is reduced, and the antenna has high antenna efficiency. Two polarizations to a radiation unit adopt the same polarization feed mode, wherein the vertical polarization is direct feed, the radiation to the horizontal polarization adopts the vertical polarization feed, and the horizontal polarization of the radiation is realized through a waveguide step transition and slot-coupling mode.

Description

A kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna
Technical field
The present invention designs the technical field that relates to not only in the communications field, also has suitable application background in electronic countermeasures, radar, remote sensing etc.The present invention is specially adapted to manufacture the dual-linear polarization array antenna in low profile satellite mobile communication, radar and other system, is also specially adapted to the linear polarization array antenna that dual-linear polarization one dimension or bidimensional phased array antenna or polarizing angle are adjustable.
Background technology
The dual-linear polarization antenna used in a communications system at present or phased array antenna have following several form, though respectively have feature in performance, all there is certain deficiency.
1, utilize the Waveguide slot array antenna of both direction can form dual-linear polarization antenna, but the antenna of two polarization cannot shared aperture, therefore aperture utilance is low, and cannot be used as phased array antenna.
2, slot antenna and narrow edge gap antenna form is utilized to realize the shared aperture of dual-linear polarization, but after both integrated designs, group battle array spacing is at least broadside and the narrow limit sum of waveguide, if be used as phased array antenna, then cannot meet the requirement of sweep limits, therefore cannot be used as phased array antenna.
3, utilize microstrip array form can form shared aperture dual-linear polarization array antenna, but because microstrip antenna efficiency is lower and microstrip feed network loss is comparatively large, therefore its efficiency is lower.
4, utilize narrow side wave lead leaky antenna and narrow limit wave guide wall composition horn antenna realize dual-polarized array antenna form, this array antenna efficiency is relatively low, assembling difficulty is larger, operation is slightly aobvious loaded down with trivial details, when using as phased array antenna, one dimension can only be realized and sweep function mutually, bidimensional scanning can not be realized.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid the weak point in above-mentioned background technology, a kind of high efficiency, low-loss dual-linear polarization array antenna are provided.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna, comprise dual polarized antenna unit and feed network for waveguide, described dual polarized antenna unit 10 is made up of radiation port 1, main waveguide 2, transition waceguide 4, perpendicular polarization waveguide 5, horizontal polarization waveguide 9 and polarization conversion waveguide 7; The upper end of main waveguide 2 is connected with radiation port 1, and the lower end of main waveguide 2 is connected with the upper end of transition waceguide 4, and the lower end of transition waceguide 4 is connected with perpendicular polarization waveguide 5; Horizontal polarization waveguide 9 is connected with the side ports of polarization conversion waveguide 7, and polarization conversion waveguide 7 is connected with main waveguide 2 by the coupling gap 6 being arranged on main waveguide 2 sidewall.
Wherein, the bottom in the cavity of main waveguide 2 is provided with polarization sheet 3.
Wherein, the match block 8 for conditioning signal voltage standing wave ratio is provided with at the top of horizontal polarization waveguide 9.
Wherein, described array antenna is made up of M × N number of dual polarized antenna unit, M and N is natural number.
Wherein, the actinal surface of radiation port 1 is of a size of 0.65 to 0.75 times of wavelength, and the sectional dimension of main waveguide 2 is 0.55 to 0.65 times of wavelength; The feed port broadside of perpendicular polarization waveguide 5 is of a size of 0.55 to 0.65 times of wavelength, narrow limit size 0.15 to 0.2 times of wavelength; The feed port broadside of horizontal polarization waveguide 9 is of a size of 0.63 to 0.78 times of wavelength; The length dimension in coupling gap 6 is 0.28 to 0.35 times of wavelength, width dimensions 0.08 to 0.1 times of wavelength.
Wherein, described feed network for waveguide is the H-T double-deck waveguide trough washery structure realizing two polarization feeds, and the broadside size of two total mouthful is 0.63 to 0.78 times of wavelength; Narrow limit size is 0.15 to 0.2 times of wavelength.
Wherein, described feed network for waveguide is made up of the primary vertical be connected with the total mouth of radio frequency power splitter, Primary plateaus polarize power splitter, the secondary horizontal polarization power splitter of power splitter and the secondary vertical that is connected with dual polarized antenna unit 10 that polarize that polarize; M perpendicular polarization waveguide and the secondary vertical power splitter that polarizes is connected, and M horizontal polarization waveguide is connected with a secondary horizontal polarization power splitter; N number of secondary vertical polarization power splitter and the primary vertical power splitter that polarizes is connected, and N number of secondary horizontal polarization power splitter and the Primary plateaus power splitter that polarizes is connected.
The present invention compares background technology tool and has the following advantages:
1, the present invention utilizes horizontal polarization and perpendicular polarization to share the method in same aperture, improves the aperture utilization ratio of antenna.
2, horizontal polarization of the present invention and perpendicular polarization all adopt waveguide feed mode, reduce the loss of feeding network, have very high antenna efficiency.
3, in the present invention, to two polarization of radiating element, have employed the feeding classification of same polarization, wherein perpendicular polarization is direct feed, and for the radiation of horizontal polarization, adopt perpendicular polarization feed, the pole horizontal polarization of radiation is achieved by the mode of waveguide ladder transition and slot-coupled.
4, array of the present invention can adopt phased-array type in pitch orientation, can carry out electric scanning in a big way, meet the requirement of communication antenna sweep limits.
5, whole array can adopt the mode of one processing, and simple possible, can adopt simple metal material, or the form of plastic shaping plating.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the two dimensional representation of dual polarized antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of waveguide array of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the two-dimensional array composition schematic diagram of the present invention with feeding network.
Embodiment
Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 3, a kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna of the present invention, comprise dual polarized antenna unit and feed network for waveguide, described dual polarized antenna unit 10 is made up of radiation port 1, main waveguide 2, transition waceguide 4, perpendicular polarization waveguide 5, horizontal polarization waveguide 9 and polarization conversion waveguide 7; The upper end of main waveguide 2 is connected with radiation port 1, and the lower end of main waveguide 2 is connected with the upper end of transition waceguide 4, and the lower end of transition waceguide 4 is connected with perpendicular polarization waveguide 5; Horizontal polarization waveguide 9 is connected with the side ports of polarization conversion waveguide 7, and polarization conversion waveguide 7 is connected with main waveguide 2 by the coupling gap 6 being arranged on main waveguide 2 sidewall.Bottom in the cavity of main waveguide 2 is provided with polarization sheet 3.The match block 8 for conditioning signal voltage standing wave ratio is provided with at the top of horizontal polarization waveguide 9.
Described array antenna is made up of M × N number of dual polarized antenna unit, M and N is natural number, and in embodiment, M is 12, N is 10.
The actinal surface of radiation port 1 is of a size of 0.65 to 0.75 times of wavelength, and in embodiment, the actinal surface of radiation port 1 is of a size of and can be 0.65 times of wavelength, 0.7 times of wavelength or 0.75 times of wavelength; The sectional dimension of main waveguide 2 is 0.55 to 0.65 times of wavelength, and in embodiment, the sectional dimension of main waveguide 2 can be 0.55 times of wavelength, 0.6 times of wavelength or 0.65 times of wavelength; The feed port broadside of perpendicular polarization waveguide 5 is of a size of 0.55 to 0.65 times of wavelength, and narrow limit is of a size of 0.15 to 0.2 times of wavelength; The feed port broadside of horizontal polarization waveguide 9 is of a size of 0.63 to 0.78 times of wavelength; The length dimension in coupling gap 6 is 0.28 to 0.35 times of wavelength, width dimensions 0.08 to 0.1 times of wavelength.
Described feed network for waveguide is the H-T double-deck waveguide trough washery structure realizing two polarization feeds, and the broadside size of two total mouthful is 0.63 to 0.78 times of wavelength; Narrow limit size is 0.15 to 0.2 times of wavelength.
Described feed network for waveguide is made up of the primary vertical be connected with the total mouth of radio frequency power splitter, Primary plateaus polarize power splitter, the secondary horizontal polarization power splitter of power splitter and the secondary vertical that is connected with dual polarized antenna unit 10 that polarize that polarize; M perpendicular polarization waveguide and the secondary vertical power splitter that polarizes is connected, and M horizontal polarization waveguide is connected with a secondary horizontal polarization power splitter; N number of secondary vertical polarization power splitter and the primary vertical power splitter that polarizes is connected, and N number of secondary horizontal polarization power splitter and the Primary plateaus power splitter that polarizes is connected.
Waveguide mouth internal implementation inclined design of the present invention, is transitioned into the width of feed waveguide gradually by the width of waveguide mouth; This waveguide array can realize bidimensional scanning, and when not affecting structure installment, the arrangement of unit can be compact as much as possible, to realize larger sweep limits; Feeding network adopts two H faces waveguide network, and two networkings can integrally process, and can realize good coupling and less insertion loss.
The present invention mainly comprises the content of two aspects, and one is dual polarized antenna unit 10, as shown in Figure 1, two waveguide arrays be made up of dual polarized antenna unit 10 and feed network for waveguide, feeding network be common 1: N etc. merit to divide or etc. merit does not divide waveguide network.
Dual polarized antenna unit adopts the mode of overall processing, can open grinding tool overall processing or segmental machining, in the mode that welding is assembled.
The execution mode of feeding network: the present invention may be used for array antenna, One-dimension Phased Array antenna and two dimensional phased array antenna.As for two-dimensional array antenna, as in figs. 2 and 3, feeding network can integrated design, first on horizontal plane direction, carries out waveguide network synthesis, namely from H 1to H nsynthesis, respectively needs 2*M to overlap horizontal plane dual polarization waveguide power divider, i.e. secondary vertical polarization power splitter 11 and secondary horizontal polarization power splitter 12, as shown in Figure 3.After the passage synthesis in horizontal direction, more in vertical direction the dual polarization port of every a line is synthesized, namely from V 1to V msynthesis, needs 2 cover dual polarization waveguide power dividers altogether, and namely primary vertical polarization power splitter 13, Primary plateaus polarization power splitter 14, namely can complete the network design of whole array.
As to One-dimension Phased Array antenna, first not needing network synthesis is carried out in phased direction, after synthesis, connecing phase component at port, namely can carry out port synthesis further again, general principle and aforesaid array antenna network similar.As for two dimensional phased array antenna, then, after the feed end of each unit connects phase shifting device, namely can complete the signal syntheses of whole array according to the feed form of array antenna.
Operation principle:
Be set forth the operation principle of this invention for array antenna.
When transmitting a signal, transmitter produces the signal (signal 1 and signal 2) of two-way same form, two signals have identical polarization, enter the total port one of perpendicular polarization 5 in Fig. 3 and the total port one 6 of horizontal polarization respectively, 1: M power division of one dimension is carried out by 13 in Fig. 3 and 14 feeding networks, and enter the feed port of 1: N power division of next stage, then arrive the dual polarization feed port of unit, as shown in fig. 1.Wherein perpendicular polarization signal is through the waveguide of impedance transformation, arrives radiation port; And after perpendicular polarization signal enters horizontal polarization feed passage, through polarization conversion, the electromagnetic wave of now original perpendicular polarization form is converted into the electromagnetic wave of horizontal polarization, and enter main waveguide 2 by coupling gap 6, be radiated in space eventually through radiation port 1.
When a signal is received, the signal of two kinds of linear polarization modes that space is come is through radiation port 1 as shown in Figure 1, enter main waveguide 2, wherein horizontal polarization signals is through coupling gap 6, be coupled to polarization conversion waveguide 7, signal is converted into perpendicular polarization, through horizontal polarization waveguide 9, arrive horizontal polarization feed port, then array signal through and 1: N power division network carry out the synthesis of signal one dimension, power division network again through one-level 1: M carries out the synthesis of signal bidimensional, arrives the total port one 6 of horizontal polarization in Fig. 3; And perpendicular polarization signal is after transition waceguide 4, arrive perpendicular polarization feed port, then array signal through and 1: M power division network carry out the synthesis of signal one dimension, power division network again through one-level 1: N carries out the synthesis of signal bidimensional, arrive perpendicular polarization feed end, the total port one 5 of the horizontal polarization namely in Fig. 3.
If the array studied is the one dimension or bidimensional phased array antenna that are made up of this invention unit part, then principle is similar to the above, for One-dimension Phased Array antenna, only need connect after one-dimensional signal synthesis, then carry out signal syntheses by feeding network again; And for bidimensional phased array antenna, then first need connect active or passive device (as TR assembly, duplexer and phase shifter etc.) in the rear end of each unit, and then signal syntheses is carried out at the feed networking of carrying out as shown in Figure 3.

Claims (7)

1. a transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna, comprise dual polarized antenna unit and feed network for waveguide, it is characterized in that: described dual polarized antenna unit (10) is made up of radiation port (1), main waveguide (2), transition waceguide (4), perpendicular polarization waveguide (5), horizontal polarization waveguide (9) and polarization conversion waveguide (7); The upper end of main waveguide (2) is connected with radiation port (1), the lower end of main waveguide (2) is connected with the upper end of transition waceguide (4), and the lower end of transition waceguide (4) is connected with perpendicular polarization waveguide (5); Horizontal polarization waveguide (9) is connected with the side ports of polarization conversion waveguide (7), and polarization conversion waveguide (7) is connected with main waveguide (2) by the coupling gap (6) being arranged on main waveguide (2) sidewall; Wherein perpendicular polarization is direct feed, and for the radiation of horizontal polarization, adopts perpendicular polarization feed, is achieved the pole horizontal polarization of radiation by the mode of waveguide ladder transition and slot-coupled.
2. a kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom in the cavity of main waveguide (2) is provided with polarization sheet (3).
3. a kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: be provided with the match block (8) for conditioning signal voltage standing wave ratio at the top of horizontal polarization waveguide (9).
4. a kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described array antenna is made up of M × N number of dual polarized antenna unit, M and N is natural number.
5. a kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the actinal surface of radiation port (1) is of a size of 0.65 to 0.75 times of wavelength, the sectional dimension of main waveguide (2) is 0.55 to 0.65 times of wavelength; The feed port broadside of perpendicular polarization waveguide (5) is of a size of 0.55 to 0.65 times of wavelength, narrow limit size 0.15 to 0.2 times of wavelength; The feed port broadside of horizontal polarization waveguide (9) is of a size of 0.63 to 0.78 times of wavelength; The length dimension of coupling gap (6) is 0.28 to 0.35 times of wavelength, width dimensions 0.08 to 0.1 times of wavelength.
6. a kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feed network for waveguide is the H-T double-deck waveguide trough washery structure realizing two polarization feeds, and the broadside size of two total mouthful is 0.63 to 0.78 times of wavelength; Narrow limit size is 0.15 to 0.2 times of wavelength.
7. a kind of transmit-receive sharing dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described feed network for waveguide is made up of (12) the primary vertical be connected with the total mouth of radio frequency power splitter (13), Primary plateaus polarize power splitter (11), the secondary horizontal polarization power splitter of power splitter (14) and the secondary vertical that is connected with dual polarized antenna unit (10) that polarize that polarize; M perpendicular polarization waveguide and the secondary vertical power splitter (11) that polarizes is connected, and M horizontal polarization waveguide is connected with a secondary horizontal polarization power splitter (12); N number of secondary vertical polarization power splitter (11) and the primary vertical power splitter (13) that polarizes is connected, and N number of secondary horizontal polarization power splitter (12) and the Primary plateaus power splitter (14) that polarizes is connected.
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