CN102735813B - Method for detecting toxicity of reclaimed water on organisms by utilization of earthworm avoidance test - Google Patents
Method for detecting toxicity of reclaimed water on organisms by utilization of earthworm avoidance test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting toxicity of reclaimed water on organisms in the field of environmental protection, specifically to a method for detecting toxicity of reclaimed water on terrestrial soil organisms by the utilization of an earthworm avoidance test. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing reclaimed water and artificially-prepared standard soil or pollution-free clean natural soil according to a certain proportion to prepare testing soil; mixing pure water and the artificially-prepared standard soil or pollution-free clean natural soil according to the same proportion to prepare control soil; and according to the selective migration situation of earthworm in the two soils, calculating the avoidance ratio of earthworm on reclaimed water by the utilization of a formula. With the earthworm's avoidance ratio as an index, the toxicity situation of reclaimed water on terrestrial soil organisms can be rapidly and accurately diagnosed. The method is simple to operate and easy to observe, requires low cost, has advantages of short experimental period, high reaction sensitivity, good reappearance and the like, can be completed without professional technical personnel and professional analytical instruments, and is very suitable for toxic diagnosis and early-stage screening of reclaimed water reuse safety evaluation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of toxicity test of reclaimed water reuse security risk evaluations, be specifically related to utilize the toxotest method of earthworm avoidance test judgement resurgent water to terrestrial soil biology.
Background technology
Since 21 century, along with sharp increase, industry and the development of socioeconomic news speed of population, global water resources shortage increasingly sharpens, at present the state of approximately 1/3rd world population in extreme lack of water.China's freshwater resources are very short, and occupancy volume per person classifies one of 13 poor-water countries as for four/Yi， united state in the world.The distribution of China's water resource is very inhomogeneous, and rainy season is uneven, and 2/3rds territory is in arid or semiarid state, and northwestern water shortage problem is extremely serious.Along with modernization industry fast development, city size constantly expands, and urban water consumption and wastewater flow rate constantly increase, and causes the urban water resource water yield day by day not enough, and water quality is increasingly dirty bad, and city water resource imbalance of supply and demand contradiction is more sharp-pointed.The lack of water phenomenon in China city is very general, 400 urban water shortages of having an appointment in more than 600 city, the whole nation, more than 110 city serious water shortage.Therefore, social and economic water consumption safety guarantee has become the key factor of restriction Chinese society economic development, and water crisis will be one of pressing problem restricting for a long time Chinese society's economic development.Under the situation of shortage of water resources, to depend merely on water saving measures and cannot meet the needs of socio-economic development, resurgent water is subject to people's attention day by day as city second water source, and the regeneration of municipal effluent is to solve one of effective measures of Urban Water Shortage Problem of Cities.China's urban sewage reutilization scale development is rapid, and to 9, Beijing epimorphosis water factory in 2008, treatment rate of domestic sewage reaches 90%, and reuse of wastewater rate reaches 50%; Within 2008, Hefei City's urban sewage reutilization amount has reached 260,000 tons/day, 2020 will be over 50 tons/day; Within 2010, Xi'an reclaimed wastewater reuse amount reaches 460,000 tons/day; The cities such as Zhengzhou, Henan Province, tafelberg, Puyang, Xinyang are all in planning construction regeneration water factory; Urban sewage reutilization engineering is also being actively pushed forward in Shenyang, Dalian, ,Deng North City, Taiyuan.
Urban sewage reutilization is to take municipal effluent as regeneration water source, after water technology purifies, reaches available water quality standard, then by the process that pipeline is carried or on-the-spot use-pattern is recycled.Both at home and abroad large quantity research finds that conventional sewage treatment process can effectively remove the nutriments such as most nitrogen in sewage, phosphorus, but very low to the removal efficiency of some specific pollutants, some hazardous contaminants particularly, as heavy metal, pathogenic microorganism, persistence organic pollutant (POPs) and environmental hormone etc.Meanwhile, in sewage disposal process, also will produce some new objectionable impuritiess such as DBPs.These poisonous and harmful substances are not single existence in resurgent water, but exist simultaneously, form combined pollution.Adopt chemical analysis method only can detect part venomous injurant, but security that cannot thoroughly evaluating resurgent water generally adopt bio-toxicity detection method to evaluate the comprehensive toxicity of resurgent water at present.So Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater must carry out bio-toxicity detection before reuse, evaluate its reuse security risk, to ensure the safety of ecologic environment and health.
The approach of Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater reuse mainly contains that agricultural irrigation, industrial reuse, city are used mixedly, urban look water, recharge of groundwater etc., and this just means that Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater major part when reuse will enter soil ecosystem.In view of the various venomous injurant confrontation soil environment ecologies in resurgent water may produce security risk, must test to the bio-toxicity of resurgent water, to ensure the security of reclaimed water reuse.It is the important means of evaluating reclaimed water reuse security that biological test method detects the comprehensive toxicity of Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater, method for detection of resurgent water bio-toxicity mainly includes luminescent microorganism acute toxicity method of inspection at present, fish are acute/subchronic toxicity method of inspection, Root Tip Cells of Vicia Faba micronucleus technique etc., and these methods can be carried out qualitative, quantitative evaluation to the synthetic biological toxicity of the objectionable impuritiess such as the pathogenic microorganism in sewage, chemical organic compounds, heavy metal.But these methods are ordered based on water quality standard mostly, biological subject is not that terrestrial soil is biological, so the assay of these methods is difficult to the security risk of accurate evaluation reclaimed water reuse to soil terriecosystems, be necessary that very much foundation is applicable to evaluate the bio-toxicity detection method of resurgent water to terrestrial soil ecological environment security risk.
Earthworm is the animal monoid of biomass maximum in soil, is that the typical soil of ecotoxicology research is biological.Earthworm toxicological test has been widely used in ecological environment of soil to monitor and evaluate, at aspects such as the formulation of the classification of contaminated soil environmental risk, pollutant soil quality standard and benchmark, specific contaminated site environmental risk assessment, the evaluations of contaminated site repairing effect, has important using value.Owing to living in for a long time in wetland, the epidermis of earthworm, except cuticula will be thinner than common terrestrial organism, also has a lot of glandular orifices to communicate with the external world on epidermis, very responsive to entering the poisonous and harmful substance of soil.Once experience to poison, threaten, earthworm will show avoids or escape migratory behaviour, to hide harm.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes the avlidance behavior of earthworm to various poisonous and harmful substances in resurgent water, adopts earthworm avoidance test to detect the bio-toxicity of resurgent water.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method of utilizing earthworm avoidance test to detect resurgent water bio-toxicity, the steps include:
The first step, sample preparation: get resurgent water to be measured and mix with labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils, be prepared as testing soil, get pure water or deionized water and mix with labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils, be prepared as control soil;
Second step, avoidance test: testing soil and control soil are respectively charged in two Room of earthworm avoidance test two Room type devices, in the middle of two kinds of soil, with plastic septum, separate, after plastic septum is detached, the earthworm of putting into healthy adult in the gap of original partition position, then with gauze, bind and prevent that earthworm from runing away, earthworm avoidance test two Room type devices were cultivated after a period of time, and plastic septum is turned back to original position again, then checked respectively the earthworm quantity in the soil of dividing plate both sides;
The 3rd step, data processing: calculating rate of avoidance formula is: NR=[(C-T)/(C+T)] * 100, wherein NR is earthworm rate of avoidance, and C is the earthworm number in control soil, and T is the earthworm number in testing soil;
The 4th step, toxicity are judged: the criterion that earthworm is avoided toxicity is that earthworm rate of avoidance is greater than 60%.
As further improved technical scheme of the present invention, in first step sample preparation, testing soil is that 150ml resurgent water to be measured mixes with 350g labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils, and control soil is that 150ml pure water or deionized water mix with 350g labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils.
As further improved technical scheme of the present invention, second step avoidance test earthworm used is artificial breeding earthworm, earthworm kind be Eisenia Foetida (
esisenia fetida), An Deai victory earthworm (
eisenia andrei) or Pheretima aspergillum (
pheretima aspergillum).
As further improved technical scheme of the present invention, the sample test multiplicity of second step avoidance test is carried out more than 10 times.
As further improved technical scheme of the present invention, the quantity of putting into earthworm in second step avoidance test is 10-15 bar, and it is to cultivate 48 hours under the condition that 20-25 ° of C, relative humidity are 70% ~ 80%, light application time is illumination/dark=16 h/8 h that earthworm avoidance test two Room type devices are placed on temperature.
As further improved technical scheme of the present invention, during the 3rd step data is processed, when NR value is negative, think that earthworm is without avoiding effect, NR value regards as 0.
As further improved technical scheme of the present invention, the 4th step toxicity is judged after the NR value of revision test being averaged in judging again.
As further improved technical scheme of the present invention, the compound method of described labor standard soil is: industrial silica sand 69%, porcelain earth 20%, liver moss soil 10%, CaCO
31%, mix, it is 6.5 that the NaOH of 1 M of take regulates soil pH, is more than weight percentage, wherein industrial silica sand contains 50% above 0.05-0.2 mm fine particle.
The invention provides and a kind ofly utilize earthworm avlidance behavior resurgent water bio-toxicity to be made to the method for comprehensive evaluation, can be used for the monitoring of resurgent water bio-toxicity.Compare with methods such as chemical analysis detection, acute/chronic toxicity test, biomarker detections, that the bio-toxicity that adopts earthworm avoidance test to detect resurgent water has is simple to operate, with low cost, be easy to observation, experimental period is short, reaction sensitivity is high, high repeatability and other advantages, without professional and technical personnel and specialty analysis instrument, can complete, in reclaimed water reuse engineering, will have broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is earthworm avoidance test schematic diagram.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Measuring 10 parts of volumes is 150 milliliters of water outlet water samples after sewage treatment plant's two stage treatment, is after 350 grams of labor standard soil evenly mix respectively with 10 parts of weight, puts into respectively any Room of 10 earthworm avoidance tests, two Room type devices; And then to measure 10 parts of volumes be 150 ml pure waters, be to put into an other Room after 350 grams of labor standard soil evenly mix with 10 parts of weight, two kinds of soil are isolated with plastic septum.After plastic septum is detached, the earthworm of propagating artificially of putting into 10 healthy adult in the gap of original partition position, then binds and prevents that earthworm from runing away with gauze.It is to cultivate after 48 hours under the condition that 20 ± 2 ° of C, relative humidity are 75 ± 5%, light application time is illumination/dark=16 h/8 h that avoidance test container is placed on temperature, plastic septum is turned back to original position again, then check respectively the earthworm quantity in the soil of dividing plate both sides.
Adopt formula NR=[(C-T)/(C+T)] * 100 calculate earthworm rate of avoidance.Because earthworm rate of avoidance is higher than 60%, represent that earthworm has avoiding reaction to water sample to be measured, can tentatively judge that water sample has certain bio-toxicity to earthworm, the secondary effluent that shows this sewage treatment plant could be for the regeneration of agricultural irrigation or landscape water after should making a step purifying sterilizing and processing.
embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 basic steps are identical with embodiment 1, the water outlet water sample of its difference after institute's water sampling is sewage treatment plant's tertiary treatment.
Adopt formula NR=[(C-T)/(C+T)] * 100 calculate earthworm rate of avoidance.Because earthworm rate of avoidance is far below 60%, expression earthworm without avoiding reaction, can tentatively judge that water sample is not high to the bio-toxicity of earthworm to water sample to be measured, and the security risk of reclaimed water reuse is low.
Claims (5)
1. utilize earthworm avoidance test to detect a method for resurgent water bio-toxicity, the steps include:
The first step, sample preparation: get resurgent water to be measured and mix with labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils, be prepared as testing soil, get pure water or deionized water and mix with labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils, be prepared as control soil;
In sample preparation, testing soil is that 150ml resurgent water to be measured mixes with 350g labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils, and control soil is that 150ml pure water or deionized water mix with 350g labor standard soil or free of contamination clean natural soils;
Second step, avoidance test: testing soil and control soil are respectively charged in two Room of earthworm avoidance test two Room type devices, in the middle of two kinds of soil, with plastic septum, separate, after plastic septum is detached, the earthworm of putting into healthy adult in the gap of original partition position, then with gauze, bind and prevent that earthworm from runing away, earthworm avoidance test two Room type devices were cultivated after a period of time, and plastic septum is turned back to original position again, then checked respectively the earthworm quantity in the soil of dividing plate both sides;
It is to cultivate 48 hours under the condition that 20-25 ° of C, relative humidity are 70% ~ 80%, light application time is illumination/dark=16 h/8 h that earthworm avoidance test two Room type devices are placed on temperature;
The compound method of described labor standard soil is: industrial silica sand 69%, porcelain earth 20%, liver moss soil 10%, CaCO3 1%, mixes, and it is 6.5 that the NaOH of 1 M of take regulates soil pH, more than be weight percentage, wherein industrial silica sand contains 50% above 0.1mm fine particle;
The 3rd step, data processing: calculating rate of avoidance formula is: NR=[(C-T)/(C+T)] * 100, wherein NR is earthworm rate of avoidance, and C is the earthworm number in control soil, and T is the earthworm number in testing soil;
The 4th step, toxicity are judged: the criterion that earthworm is avoided toxicity is that earthworm rate of avoidance is greater than 60%;
If earthworm rate of avoidance is higher than 60%, represent that earthworm has avoiding reaction to resurgent water to be measured, judge that resurgent water to be measured has certain bio-toxicity to earthworm, show that this resurgent water to be measured could be for the regeneration of agricultural irrigation or landscape water after should doing a step purifying sterilizing processing; Earthworm rate of avoidance is lower than 60%, and expression earthworm without avoiding reaction, can tentatively judge that this resurgent water to be measured is not high to the bio-toxicity of earthworm to resurgent water to be measured, and the security risk of reclaimed water reuse to be measured is low.
2. the method for utilizing earthworm avoidance test to detect resurgent water bio-toxicity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: second step avoidance test earthworm used is artificial breeding earthworm, earthworm kind is Eisenia Foetida (Esisenia fetida), An Deai victory earthworm (Eisenia andrei) or Pheretima aspergillum (Pheretima aspergillum).
3. the method for utilizing earthworm avoidance test to detect resurgent water bio-toxicity according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sample test multiplicity of second step avoidance test is more than 10 times.
4. the method for utilizing earthworm avoidance test to detect resurgent water bio-toxicity according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during the 3rd step data is processed, when NR value is negative, think that earthworm is without avoiding effect, NR value regards as 0.
5. the method for utilizing earthworm avoidance test to detect resurgent water bio-toxicity according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the 4th step toxicity is judged after the NR value of revision test being averaged in judging again.
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| CN1469122A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-21 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Fast soil health quality diagnosing method and test device |
| CN101231277A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-30 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Device for rapid evaluation of renovation effect of contaminated soil and method thereof |
| RU2377561C2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-12-27 | ГОУ ВПО Иркутский государственный университет | Method for biotesting activity of preparations derived from earthworms |
| CN101907619A (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2010-12-08 | 上海交通大学 | Method for detecting ecotoxicity effect quantification of low-dose polluted soil |
| JP2011194334A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-06 | Hideya Kozama | Method for treating waste liquid |
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| CN1469122A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-21 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Fast soil health quality diagnosing method and test device |
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| JP2011194334A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-06 | Hideya Kozama | Method for treating waste liquid |
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