CN102735557B - Fatigue test device for vehicle body thin plate, and test method thereof - Google Patents
Fatigue test device for vehicle body thin plate, and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102735557B CN102735557B CN201210160916.4A CN201210160916A CN102735557B CN 102735557 B CN102735557 B CN 102735557B CN 201210160916 A CN201210160916 A CN 201210160916A CN 102735557 B CN102735557 B CN 102735557B
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010205 computational analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention discloses a fatigue test device for a vehicle body thin plate, and a test method thereof, and belongs to the field of material fatigue test. The test device comprises: a centering apparatus and an anti-bending constraining apparatus. The centering apparatus comprises a vertical column and two centering clamping blocks, wherein the vertical column is provided with a reference plane correspondingly attaching to holding fixtures so as to make a center line of a fatigue specimen parallel to the reference plane, and the two centering clamping blocks are intervally and vertically arranged on the reference plane of the vertical column, such that the fatigue specimen is centered to a center line of test fixtures. The test method comprises: selecting a thin plate fatigue specimen and measuring a static tension curve; carrying out calibration on test force, selecting the initial test force, and setting a condition fatigue limit of the material; adopting the fatigue test device to carry out centering and anti-bending constraining on the fatigue specimen, and adopting a testing machine to carry out a fatigue test on the fatigue specimen. According to the present invention, uniformity of the test process is ensured and influence on the tested result due to additional factors is reduced by the centering apparatus and the anti-bending constraining apparatus, the test efficiency is improved, and the test cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue test of materials technical field, particularly a kind of automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device and method of testing, drawing and repeated tension and compression test for carrying out automotive bobdy sheet metal material.
Background technology
Cold rolling or a small amount of hot rolled steel sheet that coachbuilt body generally adopts thickness less is welded, and vehicle body CAE durability analysis needs the fatigue data of automotive bobdy sheet metal material to carry out computational analysis as data input.
The stress of automotive bobdy sheet metal in actual condition is in La La or tension and compression two kinds of stresses, standard material sample is all adopted to be tested on fatigue tester by the test fixture of wedge like to the test of these two kinds of force status at present, in light sheet material fatigue test process, sample lost efficacy and usually occurred in sample lateral edge place, although be easier to ensure for uniformity in same batch of material sample sample production process, but centering is not easy to control in specimen clamping process, clamping state is different, cause with batch each sample stress inconsistent, also can have an impact to same batch experiment result.
In repeated tension and compression test process, because light sheet material easily bends unstability, therefore need to carry out anti-bending constraint to material sample, anti-bending constraint is mainly to the constraint of specimen surface normal direction unstability.Traditional anti-bending constraint mainly to material exemplar by two plane holder plate holders hold carry out longitudinal direction fix, but this fixing means easily affects the stress of sample lateral marginal portion, and because anti-bending fixture itself exists lateral bending deformation when clamping, cause bad to the longitudinal restraint stickiness of sample and make the stress of sample uneven, middle stressed little, marginal portion is greatly stressed, does not take into full account sample and the friction effects of about interfascicular, all can have an impact to process of the test; The general plasticity of automotive bobdy sheet metal is better, and the general poor rigidity of the material that plasticity is good, is carrying out the material being different from good rigidly in fatigue test test, more difficult demarcation in process of the test, and conventional method is demarcated and caused test efficiency low; The good light sheet material of plasticity is different from the strong material of rigidity carrying out crack Propagation in fatigue test process, once form fatigue crack will extend to unstability very soon, and conventional method shortage rationally determining plastic thin plate material conditional fatigue limit.
Summary of the invention
In order to ensure the uniformity of automotive bobdy sheet metal testing of materials process and reduce extra factor to the impact of result of the test, improve test efficiency and save experimentation cost, the invention provides a kind of automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device and method of testing.
Described technical scheme is as follows:
On the one hand, provide a kind of automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device, described experimental rig comprises centralising device and anti-bending restraint device, and described centralising device comprises:
Column, which is provided with datum plane of fitting corresponding to two fixtures be held on described fatigue testing specimen, for keeping fixture described in two to be positioned at same datum plane, for ensureing that the center line of fatigue testing specimen is parallel with described datum plane;
Two centering fixture blocks, it is vertically installed on the datum plane of described column, and described in two, the side of the fatigue testing specimen of the free end of centering fixture block respectively and between two fixtures fits, and makes fatigue testing specimen be centered in the datum plane of test fixture.
Described anti-bending restraint device, it comprises the identical gripper shoe of two shapes, is used for clamping at the fatigue testing specimen described in two between fixture;
The shaping plane boss of difference on the whole plate face length direction of each described gripper shoe, described plane boss is distributed in the plate Middle face of described gripper shoe, for fitting with the plane of fatigue testing specimen;
The two sides of described gripper shoe are respectively equipped with fixed head, for fatigue testing specimen being clamped and fastened on the plane boss of gripper shoe described in two.
Preferably, every side of described gripper shoe forms two fixed heads, described fixed head is being formed perpendicular to fatigue testing specimen draw direction stretches out by the two sides of described gripper shoe, and the fixed head of described gripper shoe both sides is symmetrical in the center line of described gripper shoe.
The width of described plane boss is less than the minimum widith that fatigue testing specimen stress concentration portion is divided.
On the other hand, additionally provide a kind of automotive bobdy sheet metal method for testing fatigue, described method comprises:
Choose thin plate fatigue testing specimen, measure its quiet stress strain curve; By real material mechanical property, test force is demarcated, and choose initial test load and the fatigue limit that imposes a condition; By fatigue experimental device, fatigue testing specimen is clamped and centering process, then through testing machine, testing fatigue is carried out to fatigue testing specimen.
Described demarcates test force and chooses initial test load, and its concrete grammar is as follows:
The percentage elongation of setting light sheet material;
Quiet stress strain curve according to surveyed light sheet material determines its percentage elongation;
To measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation and set percentage elongation compare;
If measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation be less than set percentage elongation, selected initial test load is less than the elastic limit value of surveyed light sheet material; If measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation be greater than set percentage elongation, selected initial test load is greater than the elastic limit of surveyed light sheet material.
Preferably, the setting percentage elongation of described light sheet material by survey fatigue testing specimen 30%.
Described by fatigue experimental device fatigue testing specimen to be clamped and centering process specifically comprises:
When pulling fatigue experimental draws to fatigue testing specimen, by centralising device, centering process is carried out to fatigue testing specimen;
When repeated tension and compression test is carried out to fatigue test, first by anti-bending restraint device, anti-bending process is carried out to fatigue testing specimen, then by centralising device, centering process is carried out to fatigue testing specimen.
The beneficial effect that the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is brought is:
1, the present invention is according to drawing light sheet material and designing corresponding centralising device according to the features of shape of fatigue testing specimen in repeated tension and compression test process, ensure the uniformity of fatigue testing specimen clamping process, the additional potential stress avoiding fatigue testing specimen to bear producing because clamping centering is bad or distort is on the impact of result of the test.
2, the present invention also adopts the anti-bending restraint device of particular design in thin plate repeated tension and compression test process, prevent fatigue testing specimen to bend unstability and can not normally testing, this restraint device and fatigue testing specimen adopt plane boss to contact, plane boss through grinding process and installation fatigue testing specimen before be coated with lubricating oil, manually tighten after clamping, keep the rectification in fatigue testing specimen orientation and the frictional force reduced between restraint device and fatigue testing specimen, the design of plane boss decreases traditional Anti-bending device self and produces the impact of amount of deflection change on sample longitudinal restraint surface unbalance stress, this plane boss effectively ensure that the concentrated constraint at fatigue testing specimen longitudinal axis position, the width of plane boss is less than the minimum widith that fatigue testing specimen stress concentration portion is divided, additional contact stress is not produced to fatigue testing specimen lateral marginal portion, reach the effect of anti-bending unstability constraint simultaneously.
3, method of testing provided by the present invention is the Sample devices according to providing, carry out test before with automotive bobdy sheet metal material static stress strain curve for benchmark, carry out the demarcation of initial test load, avoid the method that conventional method carries out according to material strength limit demarcating, plastic thin steel plate materials own characteristic is different from the demarcation of heavy in section steel fatigue test, according to the height of material plasticity, carry out test higher or lower than elastic limit value as initial test load using setting, improve the efficiency that test force is demarcated; Consider the strain hardening of automotive bobdy sheet metal plastic material and plasticity hesitation to the fatigue limit that imposes a condition, avoid situation that is too high to the setting of conditional fatigue limit in conventional test methods and unreasonable generation waste, and then raising test efficiency, save experimentation cost.
4, experimental rig is simple to operate, and be convenient to a fairly large number of fatigue testing specimen and carry out high efficiency test, its method of testing has saved experimentation cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is centralising device structure chart provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is anti-bending restraint device structure chart provided by the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the installation that the present invention draws fatigue testing specimen;
Fig. 6 is that the present invention draws pulling fatigue experimental state;
Fig. 7 is the installation of the anti-bending restraint device of drawingand pressing fatigue sample of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the installation of drawingand pressing fatigue sample entirety of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the trystate of drawingand pressing fatigue sample of the present invention.
In figure:
1-centralising device, 11-column, 12-centering fixture block, 13-datum plane; The anti-bending restraint device of 2-, 21-gripper shoe, 22-plane boss, 23-fixed head, 24-through hole; 3-fatigue testing specimen; 4-fixture; 5-screw.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
Automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device provided by the present invention mainly consists of the following components: fixture 4, centralising device 1 and anti-bending restraint device 2.Fixture 4 is wherein for clamping the two ends of fatigue testing specimen 3, and centralising device 1 as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, for installing fatigue testing specimen 3 in La La and repeated tension and compression test process, makes its centering, and ensures the uniformity with batch fatigue testing specimen 3 installation.Centralising device 1 comprises:
Column 11, which is provided with datum plane 13 of fitting corresponding to two fixtures 4 be held on fatigue testing specimen 3, for keeping two fixtures 4 to be positioned at same datum plane 13, makes the center line of fatigue testing specimen 3 be parallel to the datum plane 13 of column 11;
Two centering fixture blocks 12, it is vertically installed on the datum plane 13 of column 11, and the side of the fatigue testing specimen 3 of the free end of two centering fixture blocks 12 respectively and between two fixtures 4 fits, and makes fatigue testing specimen 3 be centered in the center line of two fixtures 4.
The geomery that this centralising device 1 has considered this batch of fatigue testing specimen geomery and test fixture 4 designs use targetedly, according to various sample shape and grip size, this centralising device 1 adopts different designs, be not limited to the concrete shape of the centralising device 1 that the present invention limits, by this centralising device, to avoid in process of the test artificial fatigue testing specimen is installed diversity and difference on the impact of a series of fatigue testing specimen result of the test, be convenient to analysis of experiments.
Anti-bending restraint device 2 wherein as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, it comprises the identical gripper shoe 21 of two shapes, be used for clamping the fatigue testing specimen 3 between two fixtures 4, the shaping plane boss 22 of difference on the whole plate face length direction of each gripper shoe 21, plane boss 22 is distributed in the plate Middle face of gripper shoe 21, for fitting with the plane of fatigue testing specimen 3; Fixed head 23 is respectively equipped with, for fatigue testing specimen 3 being clamped and fastened on the plane boss 22 of two gripper shoes 21 in the two sides of gripper shoe 21.Fatigue testing specimen 3 is positioned between two gripper shoes 21 during installation, then screw 5 is run through two through hole 24 two gripper shoes 21 are connected, front and back two plane of fatigue testing specimen 3 is fitted with the plane boss 22 of two gripper shoes 21 respectively, every side as figure gripper shoe 21 forms two fixed heads 23, fixed head 23 is being formed perpendicular to fatigue testing specimen 3 draw direction stretches out by the two sides of gripper shoe 21, the fixed head 23 of gripper shoe 21 both sides is symmetrical in the center line of gripper shoe 21, and the width of its midplane boss 23 is less than the minimum widith that fatigue testing specimen 3 stress concentration portion is divided.
Carrying out in thin plate repeated tension and compression test process because sample effective load cross section is less, and material plasticity is good, often bend unstable phenomenon, test can not normally be carried out, this anti-bending restraint device is used for sample longitudinal component to retrain, also very little with the gap of upper lower clamp, be convenient to the rigid attachment that formation one is overall, design owing to adopting plane boss 22 in gripper shoe 21, light sheet material load ability, carrying out in fatigue test process, often adopting wider sample to carry out, in the hope of reaching the effect of fatigue testing specimen sectional area large as far as possible and transmission axial force, the anti-bending restraint device of traditional sample is owing to adopting Graphic Design, the flexural deformation of self is easily produced in the process of laterally tightening along sample, cause constraining in fatigue testing specimen longitudinally on restraining force to reduce and uneven, due to bending generation, fatigue testing specimen lateral marginal portion is caused to produce larger restraining force, and sample lateral marginal portion is often than more sensitive in process of the test, it is the position that fatigue crack produces, the restraining force that lateral marginal portion is larger easily affects the stress state of marginal portion, with the anti-bending restraint device of plane boss, only axially retrain at fatigue testing specimen, do not contact with fatigue testing specimen lateral edge, and convex surface contact surface adopts minimum friction design, plane projection section through grinding process and installation sample before be coated with lubricating oil process, the convex surface characteristic of self, deadweight is reduced under the prerequisite not producing restraining force non-uniform phenomenon, therefore, in process of the test, the stress condition of edge state does not have an impact, adopt and manually tighten and lock, as far as possible less external force is applied to fatigue testing specimen and carry out test, the science of guarantee test result.
Draw the installation of fatigue testing specimen, as shown in Figure 5, according to fatigue testing specimen and equipment clamp-shaped size, fatigue testing specimen is positioned in fixture 4, blocks fatigue testing specimen 3 with centralising device 1 and carry out clamping, ensure the uniformity with batch each specimen clamping; After drawing fatigue testing specimen clamping, remove centralising device 1 and arrange test parameters and carry out test, trystate as shown in Figure 6;
The installation of the anti-bending restraint device 2 of repeated tension and compression test, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, according to fatigue testing specimen 3 length dimension and anti-bending restraint device 2 length dimension, anti-bending restraint device 2 is installed on fatigue testing specimen 3 between two parties, fatigue testing specimen 3 is close to two plane boss 22 of anti-bending restraint device 2, carry out, in installation process, two plane boss 22 are carried out the process of painting lubricating oil, to reduce the frictional force between fatigue testing specimen 3 and anti-bending restraint device 2, reduce fatigue testing specimen 3 and strain resistance; The drawingand pressing fatigue sample 3 installing anti-bending restraint device 2 is positioned over fixture 4, adopts the centralising device 1 designed in advance to block fatigue testing specimen 3 and carry out clamping, ensure the clamping uniformity with batch each drawingand pressing fatigue sample; Fatigue testing specimen is clamping finally removes centralising device afterwards, and arranges test parameters carry out test on testing machine, and trystate is as Fig. 9.
Present invention also offers a kind of automotive bobdy sheet metal method for testing fatigue, choose thin plate fatigue testing specimen, measure its quiet stress strain curve; By material actual mechanical property, test force is demarcated, and choose initial test load and the fatigue limit that imposes a condition; By fatigue experimental device, centering process and anti-bending constraint are carried out to fatigue testing specimen, then through testing machine, testing fatigue is carried out to fatigue testing specimen.
Demarcate test force and choose initial test load, its concrete grammar is as follows:
The percentage elongation of setting light sheet material;
Quiet stress strain curve according to surveyed light sheet material determines its percentage elongation;
To measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation and set percentage elongation compare;
If measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation be less than set percentage elongation, selected initial test load is less than the elastic limit value of surveyed light sheet material; If measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation be greater than set percentage elongation, selected initial test load is greater than the elastic limit of surveyed light sheet material.
Wherein, the setting percentage elongation of light sheet material by survey fatigue testing specimen 30%, also can choose a fixed value within the scope of 25% ~ 35% percentage elongation of surveyed fatigue testing specimen.
By fatigue experimental device fatigue testing specimen 3 to be clamped and centering process specifically comprises:
When pulling fatigue experimental draws to fatigue testing specimen 3, carry out centering process by centralising device 1 pair of fatigue testing specimen 3;
When repeated tension and compression test is carried out to fatigue test, first by anti-bending restraint device 2, anti-bending process is carried out to fatigue testing specimen 3, then carry out centering process by centralising device 1 pair of fatigue testing specimen 3.Here anti-bending restraint device 2 and centralising device 1 adopt version provided by the present invention, but not as limitation of the present invention.
To the elastic limit of got light sheet material.
The invention described above embodiment sequence number, just to describing, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device, it comprises centralising device and anti-bending restraint device, it is characterized in that,
Described centralising device comprises:
Column, which is provided with datum plane of fitting corresponding to two fixtures be held on fatigue testing specimen, for ensureing that the center line of fatigue testing specimen is parallel with described datum plane;
Two centering fixture blocks, its interval is also vertically installed on the datum plane of described column, and described in two, the side of the fatigue testing specimen of the free end of centering fixture block respectively and between two fixtures fits, and makes fatigue testing specimen be centered in the center line of fixture;
Described anti-bending restraint device comprises the identical gripper shoe of two shapes, for clamping the fatigue testing specimen between two fixtures;
The shaping plane boss of difference on the whole plate face length direction of each described gripper shoe, described plane boss is distributed in the plate Middle face of described gripper shoe, for fitting with the plane of fatigue testing specimen;
The two sides of described gripper shoe are respectively equipped with fixed head, for fatigue testing specimen being clamped and fastened on the plane boss of gripper shoe described in two;
The width of described plane boss is less than the minimum widith that fatigue testing specimen stress concentration portion is divided.
2. automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Every side of described gripper shoe forms two fixed heads, and described fixed head is being formed perpendicular to fatigue testing specimen draw direction stretches out by the two sides of described gripper shoe, and the fixed head of described gripper shoe both sides is symmetrical in the center line of described gripper shoe.
3. an automotive bobdy sheet metal method for testing fatigue, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Choose thin plate fatigue testing specimen, measure its quiet stress strain curve; By material actual mechanical property, test force is demarcated, and choose initial test load and the fatigue limit that imposes a condition; By automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device described in claim 1 or 2, fatigue testing specimen is clamped and centering process, then through testing machine, testing fatigue is carried out to fatigue testing specimen.
4. automotive bobdy sheet metal method for testing fatigue according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described demarcates test force and chooses initial test load, and its concrete grammar is as follows:
The percentage elongation of setting light sheet material;
Quiet stress strain curve according to surveyed light sheet material determines its percentage elongation;
To measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation and set percentage elongation compare;
If measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation be less than set percentage elongation, selected initial test load is less than the elastic limit value of surveyed light sheet material; If measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material percentage elongation be greater than set percentage elongation, selected initial test load is greater than the elastic limit of surveyed light sheet material.
5. automotive bobdy sheet metal method for testing fatigue according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
The setting percentage elongation of described light sheet material by survey fatigue testing specimen 30%.
6. the automotive bobdy sheet metal method for testing fatigue according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that,
Described by automotive bobdy sheet metal fatigue experimental device fatigue testing specimen to be clamped and centering process specifically comprises:
When pulling fatigue experimental draws to fatigue testing specimen, by centralising device, centering process is carried out to fatigue testing specimen;
When repeated tension and compression test is carried out to fatigue test, first by anti-bending restraint device, anti-bending process is carried out to fatigue testing specimen, then by centralising device, centering process is carried out to fatigue testing specimen.
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| CN201210160916.4A CN102735557B (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2012-05-22 | Fatigue test device for vehicle body thin plate, and test method thereof |
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| CN201210160916.4A CN102735557B (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2012-05-22 | Fatigue test device for vehicle body thin plate, and test method thereof |
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| CN111766162B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2023-04-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Automobile sheet strain fatigue test device and method |
| CN112362508B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-04-21 | 中汽研（天津）汽车工程研究院有限公司 | Low-cycle strain fatigue control method for thin plate |
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| CN112557176A (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2021-03-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Buckling-restrained device suitable for plate-shaped composite material tension-compression fatigue damage evolution test |
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