CN102735222B - Misalignment volume measuring method, and alignment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a misalignment volume measuring method, and an alignment method. According to the measuring method, axis vibration information is measured; the variation volume of the misalignment volume of a same direction coupling is calculated; and synthesized misalignment volume and dynamic misalignment volume are further obtained. Therefore, a problem, that quantitative identification can not be carried out on rotor dynamic alignment conditions, can be solved.

Description

A kind of measuring method and a kind of centering method of misaligning

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method and centering method based on this measuring method of misaligning.

Background technology

Rotor misalignment fault accounts for 60% left and right of rotating machinery fault.Alignment of rotor shaft system is all to adopt static state to misalign measuring method at present; when compressor emergency shutdown, carry out centering; but during due to unit operation, rotor and stator can change because thermal expansion makes static Shaft alignment state, thereby cause dynamically misaligning, and often cause fault.So carrying out centering when static state can not guarantee, unit centering when moving, can not meet and produce actual needs.But for a long time, the dynamic centering situation of rotor cannot quantitatively be identified.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of measuring method that misaligns, by measuring shaft vibration information, calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning.In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of centering method, and the dynamically amount of misaligning calculating is compared as feedback and the static state amount of misaligning, and to instruct the accurate centering of rotor, while realizing rotor operation, rotor centering is all right.

For achieving the above object, the solution of the present invention is: a kind of measuring method that misaligns, comprises the steps:

1) treat two roots rotors of centering, at every roots rotor, near selected two of the place, position of bearings at its two ends, measure cross section, every roots rotor has two to measure cross section, altogether four measuring cross section, each is measured on cross section and arranges respectively A, two mutually perpendicular displacement transducers of B, displacement transducer gathers the rotor of its place section with respect to the shaft vibration signal PAi of bearing seat, PBi, i=1,2,3,4, i is for measuring cross section sequence number;

2) to the shaft vibration signal PAi gathering, PBi carries out filtering, obtains the gap voltage value VAi of every sensor measurement, VBi;

3) input the distance L that same rotor two is measured between cross section _s1, L _s2the distance L between half a coupler end face is arrived in measurement cross section near shaft coupling _c1, L _c2, static Parallel misalignment amount

with the static angular amount of misaligning

;

4) the primary clearance voltage V under stopped status preserved in record _aOi, V _bOi;

5) calculate every sensor gap change in voltage Δ V _ai=VAi-V _aoi, Δ V _bi=VBi-V _boi, and calculate change in displacement D according to the sensitivity S of setting _ai=Δ V _ai/ S, D _bi=Δ V _bi/ S;

6) according to formula (1)-(3), calculate the variable quantity of the amount of misaligning of same direction shaft coupling, the variable quantity of Parallel misalignment amount

, the variable quantity of the angle amount of misaligning

, j=A, B; DM, DRj is respectively the displacement of first coupling end-face of two rotors in j direction, and D1j, D2j, D3j, D4j are respectively and measure cross section 1,2, the displacement variable of j direction on 3,4, Φ 1j, Φ 2j are respectively two rotor dynamic rotary center lines and static rotation centerline at the angle of j direction;

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{D}_{\mathrm{Lj}}=\left(\frac{L_{c1}}{L_{s1}}\right)\·(D_{1j}-D_{2j})-D_{2j}\\ D_{\mathrm{Rj}}=\left(\frac{L_{c2}}{L_{s2}}\right)\·(D_{3j}-D_{4j})+D_{3j}\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\tan {\mathrm{\φ}}_{1j}=\frac{D_{1j}-D_{2j}}{L_{s1}}\\ \tan {\mathrm{\φ}}_{2j}=\frac{D_{3j}+D_{4j}}{L_{s2}}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\ΔX}}_j}=D_{\mathrm{Lj}}-D_{\mathrm{Rj}}\\ \stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_j}={\mathrm{\φ}}_{1j}-{\mathrm{\φ}}_{2j}\end{array}---\left(3\right)\right.$

7) according to formula (4), calculating the variable quantity of the synthetic amount of misaligning, is the variable quantity of the displacement amount of misaligning, and is the variable quantity of the angle amount of misaligning,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{\→}{\mathrm{\Δx}}=\stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\Δx}}_A}+\stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\Δx}}_B}\\ \stackrel{\→}{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}=\stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_A}+\stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_B}\end{array}---\left(4\right)\right.$

8) according to formula (5), calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning, with

;

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{\→}{x_1}=\stackrel{\→}{x_0}+\stackrel{\→}{\mathrm{\Δx}}\\ \stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_1}=\stackrel{\→}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_0}+\stackrel{\→}{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}\end{array}\right.---\left(5\right)$

Described displacement transducer is eddy current displacement sensor.

Centering method scheme of the present invention is: first calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning D1, if do not meet the centering requirement of equipment ,-D1 is carried out to static centering adjusting to intermediate value to rotor as static state; After opening machine, again calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning D2, if do not meet the centering requirement of equipment, take-D2 carries out static centering adjusting to intermediate value to rotor as static; Repeat above step, until meet the centering requirement of equipment.

Note: in formula (3),

in under be designated as small letter j, in centering method, Dl represents vector.

First measuring method of the present invention measures shaft vibration information, then calculate the variable quantity of the amount of misaligning of same direction shaft coupling, and then obtain the variable quantity of the synthetic amount of misaligning and the dynamic amount of misaligning, solved the problem that the dynamic centering situation of rotor cannot quantitatively be identified for a long time.

Centering method of the present invention as feedback, instructs the dynamic amount of misaligning to static centering, to realize good dynamic centering.Dynamically the variation of the amount of misaligning also can be used as a kind of method of fault diagnosis, improves fault diagnosis accuracy rate, so method of the present invention is used in raising centering efficiency and processing misaligns fault; And misalign and produce reason and also there is obvious practical significance for hot time investigation.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 dual rotors system schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is and measures cross section sensor arrangenent diagram;

Rotor motion aspect graph when Fig. 3 is work;

Fig. 4 is that each cross-sectional displacement of A direction changes schematic diagram.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described in detail.

Centering measuring method embodiment

As two roots rotors of Fig. 1 (or claiming axle) 10,20 connect by shaft coupling 30, two two ends of rotor are provided with bearing 41,42,43,44.First, at every roots rotor, near selected two of the place, position of bearings at its two ends, measure cross section, every roots rotor has two to measure cross section, altogether four measuring cross section 1,2,3,4, each is measured on cross section and arranges respectively A, two mutually perpendicular displacement transducers of B, displacement transducer gathers the rotor of its place section with respect to the shaft vibration signal PAi of bearing seat, PBi, i=1,2,3,4, i is for measuring cross section sequence number.Displacement transducer adopts current vortex sensor, and position as shown in Figure 2.

Then, as Fig. 3, according to step (1)---(5), ask the amount of misaligning (B direction and A direction roughly the same, repeat no more) of A direction, known quantity is DiA (i=1,2,3,4), and amount to be solved is DLA, DRA, φ _1A, φ _2A,

Parameter declaration:

1.L1, the length (unit: m) of L2-----axle 10 and axle 20

2.L3-----cross section 1 is to the distance (unit: m) of bearing 41 center lines

3.L4-----cross section 2 is to the distance (unit: m) of bearing 42 center lines

4.L5-----bearing 41 center lines are to distance (the bearing span) (unit: m) of bearing 42 center lines

5.L6-----bearing 42 center lines are to the distance (unit: m) of axle 10 first coupling end-faces

6.L7-----bearing 43 center lines are to the distance (unit: m) of axle 20 first coupling end-faces

7.L8-----cross section 3 is to the distance (unit: m) of bearing 43 center lines

8.L9-----cross section 4 is to the distance (unit: m) of bearing 44 center lines

9.L10-----bearing 43 center lines are to distance (the bearing span) (unit: m) of bearing 44 center lines

10.L11-----axle 10 dynamic rotary center lines and static rotation centerline intersection point be 2 distance (unit: m) apart from cross section

11.L12-----axle 20 dynamic rotary center lines and static rotation centerline intersection point be 3 distance (unit: m) apart from cross section

12.Lc1-----------cross section 2 is to the distance (unit: m) of axle 10 first coupling end-faces

13.Lc2-----------cross section 3 is to the distance (unit: m) of axle 20 first coupling end-faces

14.DAi (i=1,2,3, the 4)---displacement (unit: mm) of-------cross section i in A sensor orientation

Displacement (the unit: mm) of 15.DLA----------axle 10 first coupling end-faces in A direction

Displacement (the unit: mm) of 16.DRA----------axle 20 first coupling end-faces in A direction

17. φ _1A---------axle 10 dynamic rotary center lines and static rotation centerline are in the angle (unit: rad) 18. φ of A direction _2A---------axle 10 dynamic rotary center lines and static rotation centerline are in the angle (unit: rad) of A direction

$L_{11}=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2A"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA00001752128000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_{2A}}{D_{1A}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2A"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA00001752128000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_{2A}}(L_5-L_3-L_4)$

$\begin{array}{c}{D}_{\mathrm{LA}}=\frac{D_{1A}}{L_5-L_3-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="L"\; filenames="201210191682X1000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_4+L_{11}}(L_6+L_4-L_{11})\\ =\frac{(L_6+L_4)}{L_{11}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2A"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA00001752128000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_{2A}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2A"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA00001752128000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_{2A}\\ =\frac{(L_6+L_4)}{(L_5-L_3-L_4)}\&CenterDot;(D_{1A}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2A"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA00001752128000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_{2A})-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2A"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA00001752128000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_{2A}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\tan {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{1A}=\frac{D_{1A}}{L_5-L_3-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="L"\; filenames="201210191682X1000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_4+L_{11}}\\ =\frac{D_{1A}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2A"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA00001752128000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_{2A}}{L_5-L_3-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="L"\; filenames="201210191682X1000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_4}\end{array}$

$L_{12}=\frac{D_{3A}}{D_{3A}+D_{4A}}(L_{10}-L_8-L_9)$

$\begin{array}{c}{D}_{\mathrm{RA}}=\frac{D_{3A}}{L_{12}}(L_7+L_8+L_{12})\\ =\frac{L_7+L_8}{L_{12}}{D}_{3A}+D_{3A}\\ =\frac{(L_7+L_8)}{(L_{10}-L_8-L_9)}\&CenterDot;(D_{3A}+D_{4A})+D_{3A}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\tan {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{2A}=\frac{D_{4A}}{L_{10}-L_8-L_9{L}_{12}}\\ =\frac{D_{3A}+D_{4A}}{L_{10}-L_8-L_9}\\ \end{array}$

By relatively above various, if consider displacement symbol, the displacement of two first coupling end-faces of axle can represent with Uniform Formula, to an axle, make sensor span be: Ls, the distance near shaft coupling side sensor to shaft coupling: Lc, free end is measured cross-sectional displacement: DL, shaft coupling end is measured cross-sectional displacement: DR, and shaft coupling end movement Dc is:

$D_c=\frac{L_c}{L_s}\&CenterDot;(D_L-D_R)-D_R$

Dynamic centering line and static center line included angle _cfor:

$\tan {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_c=\frac{D_L-D_R}{L_s}$

, the displacement of two axles (axle 1, axle 2) shaft coupling A direction to not middle amount DA is dynamically:

DA=Dc1A-Dc2A

The angle amount of the misaligning φ of A direction _afor

φ _A＝φ _c1A-φ _c2A

In like manner, can obtain the displacement of B direction to not middle amount DB is dynamically:

DB=Dc1B-Dc2B

The angle amount of the misaligning φ of B direction _bfor

φ _B＝φ _c1B-φ _c2B

So the actual comprehensive displacement amount of the misaligning D of shaft coupling is:

$D=\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="D\; A"\; filenames="201210191682X1000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_A^{}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="D\; B"\; filenames="201210191682X1000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}_B^{}}$

The comprehensive displacement amount of misaligning with the angle theta of A sensor orientation is

$\mathrm{\&theta;}=\arctan \frac{D_B}{D_A}$

The actual comprehensive angle amount of the misaligning φ of shaft coupling is

$\mathrm{\&phi;}=\sqrt{{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_A^2+{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="201210191682X1000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2}$

The comprehensive angle amount of misaligning with the angle α of A sensor orientation is

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\arctan \frac{{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_B}{{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_A}.$

Above, just tried to achieve the amount of misaligning (vector).

Centering method embodiment

First said method is installed and is calculated the dynamically amount of misaligning D1(vector), if do not meet the centering requirement of equipment ,-D1 is carried out to static centering adjusting to intermediate value to rotor as static state; After opening machine, again calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning D2, if do not meet the centering requirement of equipment, take-D2 carries out static centering adjusting to intermediate value to rotor as static; Repeat above step, until meet the centering requirement of equipment.

Due to the ability of shaft coupling self, allow certain misaligning, so the centering of the said equipment requires to refer within equipment allowable misaligns allowance.

Claims (3)

1. misalign a measuring method, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

1) treat two roots rotors of centering, at every roots rotor, near selected two of the place, position of bearings at its two ends, measure cross section, every roots rotor has two to measure cross section, altogether four measuring cross section, each is measured on cross section and arranges respectively A, two mutually perpendicular displacement transducers of B, displacement transducer gathers the rotor of its place section with respect to the shaft vibration signal PAi of bearing seat, PBi, i=1,2,3,4, i is for measuring cross section sequence number;

2) to the shaft vibration signal PAi gathering, PBi carries out filtering, obtains the gap voltage value VAi of every sensor measurement, VBi;

3) input the distance L that same rotor two is measured between cross section _s1, L _s2, near the measurement cross section of shaft coupling to the distance L between half a coupler end face _c1, L _c2, static Parallel misalignment amount with the static angular amount of misaligning

;

4) the primary clearance voltage V under stopped status preserved in record _aOi, V _bOi;

5) calculate every sensor gap change in voltage Δ V _ai=V _ai-V _aOi, Δ V _bi=V _bi-V _bOi, and calculate change in displacement D according to the sensitivity S of setting _ai=Δ V _ai/ S, D _bi=Δ V _bi/ S;

6) according to formula (1)-(3), calculate the variable quantity of the amount of misaligning of same direction shaft coupling, the variable quantity of Parallel misalignment amount , the variable quantity of the angle amount of misaligning

, j=A, B; DLj, DRj are respectively the displacement of first coupling end-face of two rotors in j direction, and D1j, D2j, D3j, D4j are respectively and measure cross section 1,2,3, the displacement variable of j direction on 4, Φ 1j, Φ 2j are respectively two rotor dynamic rotary center lines and static rotation centerline at the angle of j direction

7) according to formula (4), calculate the variable quantity of the synthetic amount of misaligning, Δ x is the variable quantity of the displacement amount of misaligning, and Δ θ is the variable quantity of the angle amount of misaligning,

8) according to formula (5), calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning,

with

,

。

2. the measuring method that misaligns according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described displacement transducer is eddy current displacement sensor.

3. utilize a kind of centering method that dynamically misaligns measuring method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, first calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning D1, if do not meet the centering requirement of equipment ,-D1 is carried out to static centering adjusting to intermediate value to rotor as static state; After opening machine, again calculate the dynamically amount of misaligning D2, if do not meet the centering requirement of equipment, take-D2 carries out static centering adjusting to intermediate value to rotor as static; Repeat above step, until meet the centering requirement of equipment.

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