CN102730570A - Comprehensive protector for crane - Google Patents
Comprehensive protector for crane Download PDFInfo
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- CN102730570A CN102730570A CN2012102139791A CN201210213979A CN102730570A CN 102730570 A CN102730570 A CN 102730570A CN 2012102139791 A CN2012102139791 A CN 2012102139791A CN 201210213979 A CN201210213979 A CN 201210213979A CN 102730570 A CN102730570 A CN 102730570A
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- crane
- lifting motor
- relay
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a comprehensive protector for a crane, wherein the comprehensive protector comprises a lifting motor main circuit and a control circuit. According to the comprehensive protector of the present invention, normally closed contacts PZ1 and PZ2 of relays JZ1 and JZ2 are respectively connected with a lifting control circuit and a lowering control circuit of a cam controller in series; a rotation encoder BMQ is arranged on a main shaft of a lifting motor M; a position sensor is installed on the cam controller of the crane; signals of the rotation encoder BMQ and the position sensor are input into a PLC controller; and the PLC controller controls action of the relay JZ1 or JZ2 through signal acquisition and data processing to enable the lifting motor M and a brake YA to be subjected to power-down. With the present invention, high environment adaptability and system stability can be obtained so as to ensure long term stable and excellent running; lifting distance limitation protection function, crane overspeed protection function, braking slipping distance detection function and load learning function are provided, and load upper limitation parameters are automatically set.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to protective device for crane, be specifically related to a kind of Integrated Protection System of crane in bridge type.
(2) background technology
Existing crane safety fender guard comprises rising end position killer, overspeed protection device and load lifting limiter.Rising end position killer generally has weight hammer type rising end position killer and screw upper limit limiting device, all is when arm rises to end position, the contact action, and circuit breaks off, and lifting mechanism is no longer started to the direction that hoists.This mechanical upper limit device can only play a role when end position, actual position that can't the perception suspender when suspender operates in limited range, and this structure in real work, have an error maybe.Therefore, now technical specification of security requires crane for steelworks use must install the second cover upper limit limit switch, so that avoid the suspender accident of rushing to summit reliably.
Overspeed protection device has overspeed switch and overspeed protected brake etc.Overspeed switch is a kind of mechanically controlled switch, and overspeed switch directly links to each other with motor reel generally speaking, and work speed is identical with motor speed, and urgent stop loop is directly inserted in the contact.Overspeed switch generally is to utilize centrifugal principle, promotes micro-switch and makes its contact action.Overspeed switch is action in a single day, and the high speed shaft electrical motor shuts down immediately, and the slow-speed shaft drg is braked immediately.Overspeed protected brake is made up of ratchet, ratchet, electromagnet and control setup thereof.Control setup comprises rectifying circuit, comparator circuit and control circuit; Wherein external source is comparator circuit and control circuit power supply through rectifying circuit; Drum speed signal and reel nominal speed compare through comparator circuit, and both comparative results are through control circuit output control signal.Gather the drum speed signal near switch on the reel, comparator circuit compares.In case drum speed is during greater than the reel nominal speed, control circuit sends actuating signal, and electromagnet begins action, promotes the braking ratchet and inserts in the ratchet slot, makes ratchet and reel stall, and cuts off the electricity supply simultaneously.Allow like the installation site, the overspeed protection switch should be set or adopt overspeed protected brake, switch motion during hypervelocity, electrical motor is out of service.Simple and clearer and more definite for the hypervelocity reason, as field loss protection, play the effect of overspeed protection like the adopted undercurrent relay that causes by loss of excitation or voltage monitoring relay.Programming control such as PLC control speed governing, ISP control speed governing, can in control system, add overspeed detection and protection link, the employing rotary encoder or the tachogenerator that have.
Load lifting limiter has mechanical type and electronic type.Mechanical type is through mechanisms such as lever, spring, cams the infinitesimal deformation of elastic element to be amplified, and drives lance and triggers micro-switch, makes mechanism stop dangerous play.Present domestic mechanical type uses less; Electronic type partly is made up of sensor, op amp, control actr and load index gauge etc., and demonstration, control and warning function are rolled into one.When the crane loading article, sensor produces distortion, is converted into electric signal to load weight, amplifies through computing, indicates the numerical value of load.When load reach rated value 90% the time, send early warning signal; When load surpasses rated load, cut off the propulsion source of lifting mechanism.Promptly adopt resistance strain sensor, then through custom circuit or micro controller system microcomputer control circuit in the acquired signal place, output switching value signal is participated in the control of hoisting crane.
These safety guards all are to a kind of protection purpose, function singleness.Be installed in respectively on the hoisting crane, exist space hold many, safety contact is many, problems such as chance failure rate height.
In addition, also there are a lot of deficiencies in the method for measurement to hoisting crane brake slide amount.The domestic and international at present method to hoisting crane brake slide measurement amount mainly is a mechanical measurement, and its method mainly contains following several kinds:
1, range estimation.Visual method is in the normal method that adopts of hoisting crane readiness review personnel.Promptly under the rated load state, inspector's manipulating crane control desk is pressed stop button in the decline process, and range estimation is carved into load from glancing impact and stops the distance to be glided.The accuracy that this method is measured depends on inspector's sense organ judgement, and accuracy rate is low.
2, adopt the method for inspection of travel switch control.This method is under the rated load state, in the decline process, goes impact stroke switch to make the hoisting crane outage through a counterweight, measures distance of glide from counterweight then.Not enough below this method exists: as to touch the hoisting crane outage from travel switch and counterweight, always have a delay time, so will there be a deviation in detection data and real data.
3, adopting photoswitch to replace travel switch detects.This method is to utilize photoswitch to replace travel switch, realizes the control to hoisting crane decline loop.The brake slide amount then is to accomplish through reading the data that are fixed on the counterweight one side Steel Ruler.
4, SCM Based intelligent measure method.It is measurement core that this method adopts micro controller system, in conjunction with periphery circuit design, finally realizes the downslide amount measurement.But it constantly still adopts travel switch during measuring distance obtaining braking.
Above the whole bag of tricks need specific physical construction with circuit control do auxiliary facilities, its mechanics and the installation of circuit control part are more loaded down with trivial details, implementation cost is than higher, and is not suitable for hoisting crane daily monitoring in use.And result of a measurement does not have too big practical significance yet, only can represent equipment state at that time.
If can make a kind of device have the kinds of protect function, be convenient to check simultaneously, also have the method for measurement of hoisting crane brake slide amount more accurately, just can reduce taking up room, conveniently install and use, and reduce the fault point.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of crane integrated protector, with overcome existing fender guard function singleness, the deficiency many, that fault rate is high takes up room.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: crane integrated protector comprises lifting motor major loop and control loop, and it is that the normally closed contact PZ1 of relay J Z1, JZ2, PZ2 are serially connected in respectively in the hoisting of cam controller and the control loop that descends; A rotary encoder BMQ is installed on lifting motor M main shaft; Installation site sensor on the hoisting crane cam controller; The signal input PLC controller of rotary encoder BMQ and position transduser; The PLC controller is through acquisition of signal and data handing, and control relay JZ1 or JZ2 action make lifting motor M and drg YA outage.
The present invention can realize following function:
(1) hoisting capacity restriction and overspeed protection
We are provided with control at low-grade location and start retaining according to coiling electric motor series resistance starting characteristic, monitor the characteristic of motor start-up process rotation speed change then.Because hoisting crane is in case after the assembling completion; Its mechanical specialities and electric driving force characteristic just become its inherent characteristic, therefore different load, and be different with stabilized speed under this load the run up time of hoisting crane; And according to motor torque and rotary speed property; It is torque and rotating speed approximately linear above critical speed, adds that the coiling electric motor series resistance starts when the hoisting crane low-grade location is started, and characteristic is soft; Unstable initiation section is all at four-quadrant, so can utilize this characteristic to monitor lifted load through the monitoring motor speed.
In whole starting process triple overload protections are set: first; The protection of instantaneous starting stroke; Be equivalent to an additive process in the startup short time, we can set this interval is even accelerator, so detect this section range ability; Can reaction the hoist acceleration/accel situation of moment, that accomplishes to transship gives warning in advance; The second, protection run up time, when hoisting crane failed to reach the regulation rotating speed at the appointed time, protector sent the overload protection signal.The 3rd, load detects protection, when hoisting crane, according to characteristic curve assumed (specified) load situation, judges whether overload according to the result, and can load weight be shown the confession operation with reference at the uniform velocity during the section operation at low-grade location.
In addition, the overspeed protection in the weight process that hoists is provided also: run into the unexpected decline of rotating speed, when rotating speed dropped to the rotating speed of this gear regulation, protector sent guard signal; When hoisting crane in the decline process, in motor speed when hypervelocity,, protector also sends guard signal.
Thereby omnibearing overload, overspeed protection function have been realized.
(2) rising (decline) end position restriction
The motor speed and the revolution input PLC that utilize rotary encoder to record are through the high-speed counting function of PLC, recording impulse number; Thereby can calculate hoist, the displacement of lowering position; We can keep watch on the accurate position of suspension hook perpendicular movement, show, and supply operation with reference; The upper-lower position restriction also can be set simultaneously, play the effect of rising limiting device and decline limiting device.
(3) measurement of hoisting crane brake slide amount
Through gathering speed-slackening signal, utilize the tally function of rotary encoder, we can easily obtain the numerical value of hoisting crane brake slide, thereby realize the daily monitoring to the crane brake performance.
The present invention has obtained a series of integrated protection function of hoisting crane through the monitoring of the machine tach signal that hoists.And following technique effect arranged:
(1) wave noise of motor speed signal is low
The rotating speed of rotor is an accelerated growth since 0 in the crane motor starting process; The process that tends towards stability then, its speed or displacement and time curve are level and smooth and dull at gear shift stage, because object has the inertia characteristics that keeps the proper motion state; Even receive the impact of external force; Curve can not occur as starting current or the weight sensor signal that impacted, producing the sudden change peak value yet, therefore can realize the tracking control of full process to tach signal easily, need not filtering.
(2) precision and real-time are good
Present PLC technology has possessed very high level, and its high-speed counter two-phase input can be accepted the above impulse rate of 4KHZ, and single-phase input can reach 60KHZ, and has the timer of 1ms precision; We select the rotary encoder and adjustment sampling period of different model, can obtain the precision of needs, to satisfy our operating needs.
(3) external influence factor is few
Itself has the industrialization Anti-interference Design rotary encoder and PLC, and adapted specialty constant voltage power suspply, and industrial practice is used for many years, and performance is highly stable reliable through practice test, is a proven technique.Rotary encoder and do not receive the influence of crane hoisting load and other increment loads being connected of electric machine main shaft belongs to long-term stable operating mode, so total system just belongs to stable, jamproof in essence from it.
(4) powerful
Be equivalent to four machine one: load lifting limiter, lifting altitude (the decline degree of depth) killer, over speed protection, drg detect, the suspension hook upright position is detected.Be powerful, created strong condition for enterprise practices thrift cost.
The contrast prior art, the present invention has following characteristics:
1) obtains higher compatible with environment and system stability, guaranteed long steady excellent operation;
2) the stroke limitation defencive function that hoists is provided;
3) the overspeed protection function of hoisting crane is provided;
4) measuring ability of brake slide amount is provided;
5) the load learning functionality is provided, automatic setting load upper limit parameter;
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a lifting motor main loop circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is control loop schematic circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 be the coiling electric motor rotating speed torque characteristic curve figure.
(5) specific embodiment
The present invention is made up of the rotary encoder of on the lifting motor main shaft, installing, the position transduser of on cam controller, installing and PLC controller; The PLC controller is through detecting the position signal of motor speed signal and sensor; Through data handing; The output control signal, control relay JZ1, JZ2 stop motor.The PLC controller output end also is connected to relay J Z3, and the normally closed contact of relay J Z3 is connected in the bell circuit, and alerting signal is sent in the action of relay J Z3 contact.The RS232 terminal of PLC controller connects long-range text display RS485 terminal through adapter, and the last information of PLC can show through long-range text display.The position transduser that the present invention installs on the hoisting crane cam controller is to adopt 6 micro-switchs to be installed in the different gears of cam controller respectively, is respectively rising, descends and 2,3,4,5 driving switch.The PLC controller can adopt series FX1N of Mitsubishi or FX2N product; The incoming signal A of rotary encoder, B insert X000, X001 and the X002 pin of PLC; 6 micro-switch P1 that install on the hoisting crane cam controller, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 insert X003～X007 and the X010 pin of PLC, and the X011 of PLC, X012 and X013 pin insert spacing setting, speed setting respectively and three button switchs always are set.The mouth Y000 of PLC, Y001 and Y002 pin are connected control relay JZ1, JZ2 coil and the bell relay JZ3 coil of motor main circuit respectively.DC regulated power supply WYDY mouth ZK, N provide vdc for input, mouth and the rotary encoder of PLC.
Claims (4)
1. a crane integrated protector comprises lifting motor major loop and control loop, it is characterized in that: normally closed contact PZ1, the PZ2 of relay J Z1, JZ2 are serially connected in respectively in the hoisting of cam controller and the control loop that descends; A rotary encoder BMQ is installed on lifting motor M main shaft; Installation site sensor on the hoisting crane cam controller; The signal input PLC controller of rotary encoder BMQ and position transduser; The PLC controller is through acquisition of signal and data handing, and control relay JZ1 or JZ2 action make lifting motor M and drg YA outage.
2. crane integrated protector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the PLC controller output end also is connected to relay J Z3, and the normally closed contact of relay J Z3 is connected in the bell circuit.
3. crane integrated protector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the RS232 terminal of PLC controller connects long-range text display RS485 terminal through adapter.
4. crane integrated protector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the position transduser of on the hoisting crane cam controller, installing is to adopt 6 micro-switchs to be installed in the different gears of cam controller respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210213979.1A CN102730570B (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | Comprehensive protector for crane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210213979.1A CN102730570B (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | Comprehensive protector for crane |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102730570A true CN102730570A (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| CN102730570B CN102730570B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201210213979.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102730570B (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | Comprehensive protector for crane |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103182796A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-03 | 江苏扬力集团有限公司 | Signal collecting device for press and press adopting same |
| CN104967372A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-10-07 | 响水县智诚知识产权信息服务有限公司 | Energy-saving motor for hoisting equipment |
| CN109592597A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-09 | 李国利 | A kind of crane electromagnetic brake DC chopped-wave control device |
| CN109850764A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉善福重型机床有限公司 | A kind of control system of shield machine segment crane |
| CN112551377A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-03-26 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for preventing misoperation of travelling crane |
| CN113816272A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-21 | 安徽安久模架科技有限公司 | Electric hoist with automatic control system |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| EP0841298A2 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-13 | R. Stahl Fördertechnik GmbH | Control arrangement with detection of the weight of the load |
| CN2836297Y (en) * | 2005-08-15 | 2006-11-08 | 南京风标经济科技有限公司 | Device-limiting intelligent control safety protection system |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103182796A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-03 | 江苏扬力集团有限公司 | Signal collecting device for press and press adopting same |
| CN103182796B (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2015-04-08 | 江苏扬力集团有限公司 | Signal collecting device for press and press adopting same |
| CN104967372A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-10-07 | 响水县智诚知识产权信息服务有限公司 | Energy-saving motor for hoisting equipment |
| CN109850764A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉善福重型机床有限公司 | A kind of control system of shield machine segment crane |
| CN109592597A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-09 | 李国利 | A kind of crane electromagnetic brake DC chopped-wave control device |
| CN112551377A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-03-26 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for preventing misoperation of travelling crane |
| CN113816272A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-21 | 安徽安久模架科技有限公司 | Electric hoist with automatic control system |
| CN113816272B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-11-03 | 安徽安久模架科技有限公司 | Electric hoist with automatic control system |
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| CN102730570B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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Granted publication date: 20150408 Termination date: 20170627 |