CN102723507B - External airway type flat solid oxide fuel cell stack and assembling method - Google Patents

External airway type flat solid oxide fuel cell stack and assembling method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102723507B
CN102723507B CN201210160497.4A CN201210160497A CN102723507B CN 102723507 B CN102723507 B CN 102723507B CN 201210160497 A CN201210160497 A CN 201210160497A CN 102723507 B CN102723507 B CN 102723507B
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China
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side cover
air feed
reactor core
feed side
oxide fuel
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CN102723507A (en
Inventor
李箭
颜冬
王晓鹏
蒲键
池波
方大为
罗军
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Wuhan Huake Fusai new energy Co., Ltd.
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses an external airway type flat solid oxide fuel cell stack and an assembling method, the cell stack comprises a pedestal, a core having a cube structure which is alternatively stacked by the flat solid oxide fuel cell and a bipolar plate, external airway type air feeding side covers which are fit with the side surfaces of the core, and a top board which is arranged on the top of the core and is fastened with the pedestal by passing through a bolt, wherein a plurality of locating pieces are fixedly arranged on the positions corresponding to each air feeding side cover, the locating piece is contacted with the air feeding side cover in an inclined plane or an arc surface mode for applying the pressure, slide blocks are provided on the positions where the lower part of the top board corresponds to each air feeding side cover, the slide blocks are fixed on the top board by adjusting the bolt, and can perform an up-down movement along a guide rail by adjusting the bolt, then connected with the air feeding side cover in the inclined plane mode for applying the pressure. According to the invention, the problems that the pressurization mode of the air feeding side cover is not reliable and the sealing performance is insufficient can be solved.

Description

A kind of exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack and assembly method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel cell field, more specifically, relate to a kind of exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack and assembly method thereof.
Background technology
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a kind of electrochemical device that is operated in higher temperature (600 ℃ ~ 900 ℃), and generally, by the anode of porous, fine and close electrolyte and the negative electrode of porous form.Under working temperature, make anode and negative electrode respectively in reducing atmosphere and oxidizing atmosphere, air will ionize and generate oxonium ion in negative electrode, and under chemical driving force effect, by the directed movement of high temperature oxygen ion conductor electrolyte anode, and react with reducibility gas at anode.Because electrolyte is pure oxygen ion conductor, electronics cannot pass through, and in said process, electronics is peeled off from air molecule at negative electrode, and reaches anode by external circuit, participates in the oxidation reaction of reducing gas, thereby promotes the loaded work piece in external circuit.Monolithic battery open circuit voltage is limited by Nernst equation, is generally no more than 1.2V, and operating voltage increases and declines with electric current.Therefore,, in order to obtain higher voltage, monolithic fuel cell need to be connected in heaps.
Above-mentioned characteristic due to SOFC, its battery pile structure need to provide following several basic functions: 1, separate fuel and oxidant: the condition of work of fuel cell requires anode and negative electrode respectively under different partial pressure of oxygen atmosphere, therefore in electric pile structure, fuel gas and air need to be transported to respectively to the anode of battery and negative electrode and can not mutually mix; 2, distribute fuel and oxidant: in pile, fuel cell is closely stacking, and the gas circuit distribution function of pile need to flow to every a slice monocell by fuel gas and air; 3, get rid of tail gas: the electrochemical reaction product of fuel cell and excessive reaction gas need to discharge to avoid reducing reaction rate in time; 4, provide circuit to connect: electric pile structure need to be by from battery electrode surface collection electric current and be transferred to adjacent battery electrode surface, and external output is provided, thereby completes series-connected cell, and the function of electric energy is externally provided.
For planar SOFC, there are at present two kinds of basic electric pile structures: without closed type and closed type pile.Closed type planar SOFC pile, according to its structure, can be divided into two kinds of fundamental types of interior air flue and exterior air drain.US Patent No. 6835486 is exactly a kind of typical interior air flue planar SOFC pile.Take fuel gas as example, gas is transported to stacking battery one side by the inner passage vertical with battery surface of pile, and arriving the participation reaction of galvanic anode surface by the passage of level, tail gas enters vertical exit passageway by the opposite side relative with entrance and is discharged from battery pile.The air method of salary distribution is identical with the fuel gas method of salary distribution, and just horizontal plane flows to fuel gas stream to vertical.Pile, by stacking the forming of bipolar plates of battery and air inclusion transfer passage, by top cover and bottom are exerted pressure, completes the parting seal of gas circuit under the cooperation of high-temperature sealing material.There is thermal expansion matching problem in this structure, because the electrochemical reaction of fuel cell is exothermic reaction, and can on airflow direction, form accumulation at battery surface heat, thereby cause between horizontal plane gas access and outlet and have temperature difference, when pile stacks as high is higher, the thermal expansion difference that the temperature difference produces may cause that sealing load is uneven, thereby makes seal failure, affects the stability of Performance data decay and long-term work.In addition because bipolar plates comprises gas channel, processed complex, cost is higher.And the gas channel of vertical direction consists of bipolar plates and encapsulant, make pile internal gas seal length long, reduced sealing reliability.The gas passage of exterior air drain formula SOFC pile vertical direction is separated with reactor core, independent side cover, consists of, and compares with interior air flue type pile, has significantly reduced seal length.Selecting in suitable encapsulant situation, between reactor core and side cover, can produce relative sliding in vertical direction, thereby reduce not mate by thermal expansion the seal failure possibility of bringing.Chinese patent CN200920085649.2 and US Patent No. 4345009, US5472800, US4623596, US7291415B2 etc. are exactly this class exterior air drain pile.
Yet, the shortcoming of exterior air drain electric pile structure is that pile is except the needs vertical direction application of force compresses reactor core, also need in the horizontal direction side cover to be exerted pressure to fixedly side cover, the vertical seal face between side cover and reactor core that simultaneously guarantees has enough sealing loads, existing design fails to address this problem well, wherein US7291415 B2 is used bolt that side cover is fixed on top cover and bottom, can realize vertical plane evenly exerts pressure reliably, but limited the vertical movement of top cover and side cover, unfavorable to guaranteeing the sealing of reactor core horizontal plane, and the design of CN200920085649.2, by the miter angle pulling force between side cover, compress side cover, when assembling, be difficult to guarantee that four groups of bolts produce uniform pulling force, side cover easily produces the crooked of vertical plane and horizontal plane, thereby affect side cover sealing reliability.
Summary of the invention
Defect and technical need for prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack and assembly method thereof, corresponding to solve the air feed side cover pressuring method existing in prior art unreliable, the problem of sealing deficiency.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack is provided, this battery pile comprises:
Base;
Reactor core, this reactor core is placed on base, by flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery and bipolar plates, is alternately stacked into cube structure;
Air feed side cover, this air feed side cover always has four, fit with four sides of cube structure reactor core respectively, wherein each air feed side cover has for fuel and air being directed into respectively to each fuel cell there is entrance and the outlet for reacted product and residual gas are exported to air feed side cover and discharged from heap core inner of oxidation-reduction reaction;
Top board, this top board is arranged on the top of cube reactor core, and tightens up mutually with base by being distributed in the through bolt of reactor core surrounding; Wherein
Position corresponding with each air feed side cover on base is fixedly installed a plurality of locating pieces, described locating piece contacts and exerts pressure thus with air feed side cover with inclined-plane form, the position corresponding with each air feed side cover, top board below is provided with slide block, described slide block is fixed on top board and can, by the operation of adjusting bolt is moved up and down along guide rail, be contacted to exert pressure thus with inclined-plane form with air feed side cover by adjusting bolt.
By the exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack of above design, owing to being exerted pressure and tighten up by being distributed in the through bolt of reactor core surrounding between top board and base, can guarantee that reactor core is subject to enough pressure; In addition, because air feed side cover is subject to exerting pressure with the contacting of slide block in its top in the location of its underpart skewback simultaneously, below contact point to oblique upper reactor core direction, contact refers to oliquely downward reactor core direction up, the contact of upper and lower produces the horizontal resultant of pointing to reactor core on side cover, can guarantee thus to possess reliably and exert pressure between air feed side cover and reactor core; Especially, the size that should make a concerted effort can only need adjusting slider pressure by slide block applied pressure being regulated on top board, just adjustable side cover horizontal pressure force size, and the pressure of four side covers regulates and is independent regulation, between adjacent side cover, can not influence each other each other.
As further preferably, described through bolt and adjusting bolt consist of 310S stainless steel material, and through bolt is provided with to the packing ring that thermal coefficient of expansion is higher than 310S stainless steel.
Because bipolar plates can adopt the comparatively approaching ferritic stainless steel of thermal coefficient of expansion and fuel cell conventionally, make as SUS430, its elevated temperature strength is lower, is therefore not suitable as force structure for top board, base and bolt that it is exerted pressure.Research and practice, can adopt the 310S stainless steel that thermal coefficient of expansion is higher to make fastener element by experiment.Yet, consider at heap core inner and there is no the parts that other thermal coefficient of expansions are higher, therefore at high temperature there is the possibility that fastening pressure is lax, for this reason, can place a packing ring that thermal coefficient of expansion is higher for through bolt bottom, to make up thermal expansion mismatch.
As further preferably, between described air feed side cover and reactor core and in reactor core, between fuel cell and bipolar plates, by encapsulant, sealed, sealing material comprises Al 2o 3powder, glass powder and as the organic additive of binding agent and plasticizer, the B that the BaO that wherein glass powder is 20% ~ 25% by mass percent, mass percent are 10% ~ 15% 2o 3, MgO that mass percent is 20% ~ 25%, ZnO that mass percent is 10% ~ 15% and the mass percent SiO that is 30% ~ 35% 2common composition, its particle size approximately 5~10 μ m; Al 2o 3the particle size of powder is about 1~10 μ m.
By selecting the Al of above formula 2o 3as encapsulant, can realize the tightly packed of sealing particle with glass material, obviously reduce the leak rate of encapsulant, and improve glass and Al 2o 3the bond strength of intergranular, the mechanical property of corresponding increase material; And, in glass ingredient, do not comprise alkali metal oxide that simple glass at high temperature can volatilize and poison electrode as Na 2o and K 2o, therefore has good chemical compatibility with fuel cell pile miscellaneous part.
As further preferably, the contact-making surface between described locating piece and slide block and air feed side cover replaces with arc surface by inclined-plane.
By inclined-plane is replaced by arc surface, the contact point of exert pressure piece and side cover can change and move on arc surface along with their relative position, and the angle of contact and horizontal plane also respective change can occur.Like this, larger to upper slider applied pressure, contact point more departs from circular arc summit, angle between contact and horizontal plane is less, and horizontal component is corresponding larger, can, by the design pressure that the initial phase of piece and side cover adjusts the distance and regulate the piece of exerting pressure of exerting pressure, to side cover pressure, make adjusting by a relatively large margin thus.
As further preferably, for each air feed side cover, the locating piece quantity being fixedly installed on base is 2, and on top board, set slide block quantity is 1, and this slide block is positioned on the top center line of two locating pieces.
By above the position of locating piece and slide block being arranged, can form three compression points on each side cover surface, this placement scheme can guarantee that compression point is in same plane, makes side cover be evenly pressed on reactor core side; In addition, the pressure of vertical direction is evenly distributed to bottom and exerts pressure on piece, and because the top piece of exerting pressure only has one, only need exert pressure to single component thus, can produce the vertical direction fixedly pressure of side cover and the sealing load of horizontal direction.
As further preferably, described in each, the area of air feed side cover is less than the area of its corresponding reactor core side.
By above setting, can, so that four jiaos of reactor core are exposed to outside side cover, thus, can easily transducer be attached in bipolar plates.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the assembly method of corresponding exterior air drain formula plate type solid-oxide fuel battery pile is provided, the method comprises:
Be provided with on the base plate of a plurality of locating pieces, the center that the reactor core that is alternately stacked into cube structure by flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery and bipolar plates is placed on to base is fixed;
Air feed side cover is positioned over respectively on the side of reactor core, and makes locating piece on base plate contact and exert pressure thus with each air feed side cover with the form of inclined-plane or arc surface;
Top board is placed on to the top of reactor core, and by being distributed in the through bolt of reactor core surrounding, itself and base are tightened up, the position corresponding with each air feed side cover, the below of wherein said top board is provided with slide block, and this slide block is fixed on by adjusting bolt also can be by moving up and down along guide rail the operation of adjusting bolt on top board;
By tightening adjusting bolt, promote described slide block and move down along guide rail, and contact and make air feed side cover fit in reactor core side with each air feed side cover with the form of inclined-plane or arc surface, complete thus the assembling process to battery pile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to the agent structure schematic diagram of the exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack of a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is according to the end view of the exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In institute's drawings attached, identical Reference numeral is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein:
1, base 2 locating piece 3 reactor core 4 air feed side cover 5 guide rail 6 slide block 7 through bolt 8 top board 9 adjusting bolts
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is according to the agent structure schematic diagram of the exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack of a preferred embodiment of the invention.As shown in fig. 1, according to the exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack of a preferred embodiment of the invention, mainly comprise: base 1, reactor core 3, air feed side cover 4 and top board 8.Base 1 is roughly for example in the form of annular discs, and possesses grooving to facilitate steam line to lay, and in each conduit both sides, has two symmetrical grooves, in groove, by welding method, is fixed with locating piece.Reactor core 3 is superimposed and is formed cube structure by square flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery and square bipolar plates, and its side is distributed with fuel inlet in the direction of the clock successively, air intake, fuel outlet, air outlet slit.Air feed side cover 4 is for example tabular, is fitted in reactor core side.Side cover 4 contacts with the inclined-plane at side cover edge with inclined-plane form with locating piece fixing on base, exert pressure thus, the position corresponding with each air feed side cover, top board below is provided with slide block 6, described slide block is fixed on top board and can, by the operation of adjusting bolt is moved up and down along guide rail, be contacted to exert pressure thus with inclined-plane form with air feed side cover by adjusting bolt 9.So, the locating piece of base and the slide block of top board are exerted pressure to side cover jointly, and its resultant direction is horizontal direction, and side cover is pressed on to reactor core side.
To specifically describe according to the assembly method of exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack of the present invention below.
Locating piece 2 is fixed on base 1 in advance, fixed form can be taked by being welded and fixed behind location notch location, or whole mechanical machine-shaping together with base 1, requires one group of piece of exerting pressure of homonymy, inclined-plane is in same plane, to guarantee that four side covers are imposed to uniform pressure.Reactor core 3 is placed on corresponding position on base 1 and replaces stacking moulding by battery and bipolar plates, guarantees that reactor core flat side down is not crooked.Subsequently four side covers 4 are positioned over down on the inclined-plane of the piece 2 of exerting pressure, and fix by the side of reactor core 3.Top cover 8 is placed on to reactor core top, and aims at through bolt hole.Use external pressure that base 1 and top cover 8 are compressed, tighten and be distributed in a plurality of through bolts 7 firm bankings 1 of reactor core periphery and the distance of top board 8 to maintain principal pressure, can remove external pressure subsequently.Tighten side cover adjusting bolt 9 promotion slide blocks 6 and move downward, make side cover 4 closely adhere to reactor core 3 surfaces, guide rail 5 is fixed on top board 8 and at course of exerting pressure, deflection occurs for anti-limited slip block 6.
Fig. 2 provides the another kind of side cover scheme of exerting pressure.Wherein the inclined-plane of exerting pressure of locating piece 2 and slide block 6 is replaced by arc surface.The advantage of arc surface is that the contact point of locating piece 2 and slide block 6 and side cover 4, along with their relative position variation, can move on arc surface, and the angle [alpha] of contact and horizontal plane also respective change can occur.To on piece 6 applied pressures of exerting pressure larger, contact point more departs from circular arc summit, α angle is less.And horizontal component, both side cover sealing load f level=f closecos α is larger, both can, by the design pressure that the initial phase of piece and side cover adjusts the distance and regulate the piece of exerting pressure (6) of exerting pressure, to side cover sealing load, make adjusting by a relatively large margin.
Locating piece 2 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and slide block 6 form three compression points on side cover surface, rely on suitable machining accuracy and side cover enough material and structural strength, this placement scheme can guarantee that compression point is in same plane, side cover 4 is pressed on reactor core 3 sides by uniform pressure, to guarantee that the encapsulant being filled between reactor core 3 and air feed side cover 4 is subject to uniform pressure.On each side cover, locating piece 2 has two, and slide block 6 has one.The piece 2 of exerting pressure under two can assemble, and piece 6 pressure of above exerting pressure provide the support of enough width while not loading, be unlikely to make side cover 4 to occur when malcompression crooked.The center of the piece 2 and piece 6 of exerting pressure on single is exerted pressure under two, the pressure of vertical direction is evenly distributed to down exerts pressure on piece 2, and due on the piece 6 of exerting pressure only have one, both only need exert pressure to single component, can produce the vertical direction fixedly pressure of side cover and the sealing load of horizontal direction.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in end view, side cover 4 areas are less than reactor core 3 lateralareas, four jiaos of reactor core 3 are exposed to outside side cover, therefore, can easily transducer be attached in bipolar plates, as, by stainless steel wire bonds in bipolar plates side to gather voltage data, or thermocouple is inserted to heap core inner with collection local temperature data by side, thereby extrapolates temperature and the output voltage of every a slice monocell in reactor core.
As shown in Figure 1, the gas access of side cover 4, in its bottom, is welded on stainless steel tube on entrance during use, for this reason, in base relevant position, leaves fluting, with convenient for assembly.If the gas access of side cover 4 is arranged in side, base needn't be slotted.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. an exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack, this battery pile comprises:
Base;
Reactor core, this reactor core is placed on base, by flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery and bipolar plates, is alternately stacked into cube structure;
Air feed side cover, this air feed side cover always has four, fit with four sides of cube structure reactor core respectively, wherein each air feed side cover has for fuel and air being directed into respectively to each fuel cell there is entrance and the outlet for reacted product and residual gas are exported to air feed side cover and discharged from heap core inner of oxidation-reduction reaction;
Top board, this top board is arranged on the top of cube reactor core, and tightens up mutually with base by being distributed in the through bolt of reactor core surrounding; Wherein
Position corresponding with each air feed side cover on base is fixedly installed a plurality of locating pieces, described locating piece contacts and exerts pressure thus with air feed side cover with inclined-plane form, the position corresponding with each air feed side cover, top board below is provided with slide block, described slide block is fixed on top board and can, by the operation of adjusting bolt is moved up and down along guide rail, be contacted to exert pressure thus with inclined-plane form with air feed side cover by adjusting bolt.
2. exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described through bolt and adjusting bolt consist of 310S stainless steel material, and through bolt is provided with to the packing ring that thermal coefficient of expansion is higher than 310S stainless steel.
3. exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, between described air feed side cover and reactor core and in reactor core, between fuel cell and bipolar plates, by encapsulant, sealed, sealing material comprises Al 2o 3powder, glass powder and as the organic additive of binding agent and plasticizer, the B that the BaO that wherein glass powder is 20%~25% by mass percent, mass percent are 10%~15% 2o 3, MgO that mass percent is 20%~25%, ZnO that mass percent is 10%~15% and the mass percent SiO that is 30%~35% 2common composition, its particle size is 5 μ m~10 μ m; Al 2o 3the particle size of powder is 1 μ m~10 μ m.
4. exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the contact-making surface between described locating piece and slide block and air feed side cover replaces with arc surface by inclined-plane.
5. exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, for each air feed side cover, the locating piece quantity being fixedly installed on base is 2, on top board, set slide block quantity is 1, and this slide block is positioned on the top center line of two locating pieces.
6. exterior air drain formula flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery stack as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described in each, the area of air feed side cover is less than the area of its corresponding reactor core side.
7. for an assembly method for exterior air drain formula plate type solid-oxide fuel battery pile, the method comprises:
Be provided with on the base plate of a plurality of locating pieces, the center that the reactor core that is alternately stacked in the horizontal direction cube structure by flat-plate-type solid-oxide fuel battery and bipolar plates is placed on to base is fixed;
Air feed side cover is positioned over respectively on the side of reactor core, and makes locating piece on base plate contact and exert pressure thus with each air feed side cover with the form of inclined-plane or arc surface;
Top board is placed on to the top of reactor core, and by being distributed in the through bolt of reactor core surrounding, itself and base are tightened up, the position corresponding with each air feed side cover, the below of wherein said top board is provided with slide block, and this slide block is fixed on by adjusting bolt also can be by moving up and down along guide rail the operation of adjusting bolt on top board;
By tightening adjusting bolt, promote described slide block and move down along guide rail, and contact and make air feed side cover fit in reactor core side with each air feed side cover with the form of inclined-plane or arc surface, complete thus the assembling process to battery pile.
CN201210160497.4A 2012-05-22 2012-05-22 External airway type flat solid oxide fuel cell stack and assembling method Active CN102723507B (en)

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CN106882921B (en) * 2015-12-16 2019-09-06 辽宁省轻工科学研究院有限公司 A kind of seal, sealing materials and preparation method thereof of resistance to 750 DEG C of high temperature
CN106654334B (en) * 2016-12-23 2019-04-30 宁波索福人能源技术有限公司 A kind of solid-oxide fuel cell stack array and its electricity generation system
CN106602119B (en) * 2016-12-30 2019-05-21 华中科技大学 A kind of self-tightening type outflow chamber solid oxide fuel cell pile
CN107611464B (en) * 2017-10-24 2023-07-07 中国矿业大学(北京) Pluggable solid oxide fuel cell stack structure
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CN112736256A (en) * 2019-10-29 2021-04-30 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Cathode assembling method and assembling tool for solid oxide fuel cell with symmetric double-cathode structure
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