CN102722608B - Customer knowledge-based aircraft configuration method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a customer knowledge-based aircraft configuration method. The method comprises five steps of: firstly, constructing an aircraft configuration library, wherein the construction of the aircraft configuration library comprises the steps of constructing an option library and setting an option constraint relationship; secondly, constructing a customer demand model, wherein a complete customer demand model is constructed by acquiring the aircraft demand knowledge of customers and detailing the customer demand knowledge by expert review and market survey result analysis and configuration result analysis; thirdly, generating a customer configuration scheme, wherein the configuration scheme of the demand model is fit in the aircraft configuration library according to a customer demand list converted from the customer demand model; fourthly, mapping customer demands, decomposing the customer demands into structured demands, semi-structured demands and product function demands, mapping each demand to a specific engineering characteristic, and generating a design parameter of a product module meeting the engineering characteristics; and finally, storing and analyzing customer configuration data. The customer knowledge-based aircraft configuration method has a practical value in the field of aircraft configuration management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aircraft configuration method based on customer knowledge, belong to configuration management, computing machine, collaborative design technology field, it realizes the aircraft configuration management of customer personalized customization for realizing the product design of customer's requirement aircraft.
Background technology
Along with the aggravation of globalization and competition, the competition between enterprise starts to turn to competition and the competition based on customer demand based on selling.For providing the product of customization and the marketing system of optimizing, client can improve client's satisfaction and the service level of enterprise comprehensively, fast and effeciently obtain and understand client requirement information, the accurate appropriate demand information of client to product of expressing in product design process is enterprise's successful prerequisite in the globalizing market environment of current cut-throat competition.
Aircraft configuration management refers to that the aircraft configuration scheme that client provides according to enterprise carries out Aircraft Type Selection, and the final goal of aircraft configuration management is to allow the aircraft product customer demand of farthest coincideing.The variation of and customer demand day by day complicated along with system, aircraft configuration management occupies critical role in airplane design R&D process, how realizing easy operation and customer demand transforms to airplane design demand, improve product competitiveness and become current Airplane Manufacturing Enterprise problem demanding prompt solution, traditional aircraft configuration method has not too adapted to current Market Situation, a kind of aircraft configuration method that customer demand, airplane design and configuration type selecting can be combined closely of urgent hope research, accelerate research & development in flight progress, improve Aircraft Market adaptive faculty.
Under current environment, aircraft configuration method is probably divided into three kinds:
1) the modular aircraft configuration method of Boeing's exploitation, in the DCAC/MRM of Boeing, according to modular thought, for client, configure the concept that has proposed option (Option), in the process of definition one airplane configuration, offer functional requirement or the service of client's the aircraft product of choosing from.According to the thought of simplifying job stream, Boeing is divided into Four types aircraft option: main options, occurrences option, Back Up Option and customization option, and these options and the corresponding module of aircraft are mapped.According to this configuration theory, Boeing has set up option storehouse and the module library of aircraft, and user is configured according to pick list, and system can be shone upon option and module automatically mutually, constructs the type selecting of aircraft, and layoutprocedure as shown in Figure 1.
2) Air Passenger company, according to the thought of concurrent engineering, aircraft is decomposed into construction package CA (Constituent Assembly), and CA can continue to decompose CA.Different from Boeing theory, this thought of Air Passenger company is hierarchy, and the pattern of Boeing is a kind of flat structure.Each CA itself comprises a series of Function Identification FI (Functional Identifier) and technical solution TS (Technical Solution).FI is decomposed into different functional units aircraft, and TS is exactly the different mount schemes for corresponding functional unit.For different mount schemes, Boeing has defined different options in user's layoutprocedure.In client's layoutprocedure, Air Passenger company is provided with different options for corresponding TS, and has defined a standard type selecting, and client can customize on this standard type selecting basis, such as cabin layout, recreational facilities, avionics system etc.For the ease of user configuration, Air Passenger predefined a series of option, and set up option catalogue and facilitated client's type selecting.For the particular demands of the client outside type selecting, Air Passenger is realized by request slip, and its layoutprocedure as shown in Figure 2.
3) because domestic Aerobiz is started late, its major product concentrates on military secret and small-sized civil aircraft aspect, and the development of large aircraft is carried out at present.The method that current most of airline still continues to use client's inventory realizes simple aircraft configuration.
The following shortcoming of these collocation methods:
(1) professional too strong, client is according to the understanding to aircraft function of oneself, in conjunction with the demand of oneself, carry out Aircraft Type Selection again, selecting type scheme is short of the consideration of many-sided comparison and multi-angle, to a certain extent, thus client's Aircraft Type Selection departs from customer demand causes the complicated of Aircraft Type Selection.
(2) customer demand is seriously separated with airplane design, does not meet the production model of current enterprise.
(3) client's operating process is too loaded down with trivial details, and collocation method is intelligent not.
(4) do not have to realize the analysis to the collection of customer demand and client's configuration result, can not solve enterprise's dynamically following the tracks of constantly aircraft produce market.
Summary of the invention
1, object: the object of this invention is to provide a kind of aircraft configuration method based on customer knowledge, it has overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, can improve the aircraft configuration state of the art that Present Domestic falls behind.Its target has:
(1) provide a kind of aircraft configuration method with customer's requirement product design, realize the intelligent of aircraft configuration and simplify.
(2) gather customer demand, analyze client's configuration result, hold Aircraft Market rule, promote the design and development of following aircraft product function.
(3) in the integrated process of IT application in enterprises, this invention immediately exchanges with market, client, thereby from can obtain the most rapidly, feedback accurately, with well designed and production, meets better the demand in client and market.
(4) provide the method for setting up customer demand descriptive model.
(5) provide the method for customer demand to product structure mapping.
2, technical scheme: a kind of aircraft configuration method based on customer knowledge of the present invention, it is applied to aircraft arrangements and client's Aircraft Type Selection.The method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the establishment in aircraft configuration storehouse; Aircraft configuration storehouse is mainly used in storing the selecting type scheme of aircraft, and the structure in aircraft configuration storehouse is mainly structure and the setting of option restriction relation in option storehouse.
A. the structure in option storehouse, for every kind of type builds a basic allocation plan, according to market study, the general such distribution of aircraft option: 75% is aircraft essential option, 20% is aircraft option, 5% is divided into customization item.Each option comprises option names, option number and three attributes of option value, and wherein essential option only has an option value, has been both default value, and option has two option values at least.Building process is as follows: (1) is divided into essential option, option and three regions of customization item by option storehouse, and three regions are the list mode layout to comprise option names, option number and option value all; (2) Aviation Enterprise is according to actual conditions, by every kind of type general, not modifiable option is stored in database with the form of list, this list contains option names, option number and three attributes of option value, its option value is default value.Then by computer program, read these lists and show in essential option region; (3) according to market study situation and customer demand analysis, aircraft option is generally: 1) engine, 2) undercarriage, 3) Aerial Electronic Equipment in driving cabin, 4) arrangement of the interior trim in main cabin, kitchen, lavatory and seat, in conjunction with the attribute of option, at option areal structure aircraft option, for each option adds its option value, the associated one or more standalone modules of each option value.Take engine as example, and engine has turbojet and turbofan formula etc. several, elects turbojet engine as engine option value 1.By the required part of turbojet engine is installed, organically form an independently module associated with engine option value 1, by that analogy, complete the structure of option; (4) establishment of customization item, the comprehensive option of and classify and drafting into is carried out in business to customer specific demand, then passes through enterprise engineering department and prove its feasibility, and its visioning procedure is as shown in Figure 3.
B. the setting of option restriction relation, the restriction relation of option is mainly present between option, the restriction relation of option is mainly dependence, combination and mutex relation, each option has a plurality of option values, each option value association is module independently, the module of total Options value association can meet the functional requirement of this option, between the different options value of each option, is mutex relation, with { n
1, n
2n
mrepresent the option value of each option and store the mutex relation of different options value by " non-" logical relation, thereby limit a kind of allocation plan that client can only select option, if each option is independent, aircraft has n option, each option has m option value, this aircraft has n*m kind allocation plan, in fact, Existence dependency relationship between aircraft option, if the option value of option A 1 relies on each other with the option value 2 of option B, use " with " logical relation storage option A value 1, the dependence of option B value 2, when the value 1 of customer selecting option A, according to option restriction relation between the two, system is the value 2 of customer selecting option B automatically, the organic assembling of the option value of different options forms multiple aircraft configuration scheme, thereby complete the structure in aircraft configuration storehouse.
Step 2: the structure of customer demand model, gather the demand knowledge of client to aircraft, by specialist examination, market study interpretation of result and configuration result, analyze refinement customer demand knowledge, thereby set up fairly perfect customer demand model, customer demand model mainly comprises two aspects: 1) fuzzy client requirement information is converted into and can, by the parameter of computer scheduling and configuration, both client be refined as to close with it product parameters to the abstract functional requirement of aircraft; 2) by conditions of demand and the profound excavation of client's suggestion of customer order, like product, find out customer demand individualized feature and behavior preference, generate the characteristic parameter of the aircraft outward appearance, indoor arrangement and the decorative colors that are applicable to different regions and age bracket client.
Step 3: the generation of client's allocation plan, according to the allocation plan of this demand model of matching in aircraft configuration storehouse of the customer requirement list by customer demand model conversation, to to client, demonstrate the model machine to allocation plan by three-dimensional model simultaneously, generate the specification documents that this model machine is detailed.
Step 4: the mapping of customer demand, customer demand is decomposed into structuring demand, semi-structured demand and product function demand, by each Demand mapping, it is concrete engineering characteristic, generation meets the design parameter of the product module of this project characteristic, again in conjunction with client's allocation plan, extract critical data wherein, this data based airplane design standard is generated to airplane design parameter.
Step 5: the storage of client's configuration data and analysis, each client's allocation plan data are stored, and configuration data is sorted out, with the mathematical method of cluster and comparative analysis, analyze these data, by these data, grasp on the one hand the demand situation of Vehicles Collected from Market aircraft product, facilitate business decision.These data rules are as the supplementary important evidence of customer demand knowledge on the other hand, and for the NM demand of client, system will, from configuration module occupation rate and cost performance equal angles, be improved customer demand knowledge.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) airplane design and customer demand, Market Situation are combined closely, greatly improve the aircraft competitiveness of product in market;
2) reduce the dependence of client's type selecting to professional knowledge;
3) reduce the operation steps of client's type selecting, expand the method application;
4) introduce data analysis function, can make enterprise grasp to greatest extent aircraft produce market dynamic;
5) realize the slitless connection of research & development in flight and the market demand;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Boeing layoutprocedure figure;
Fig. 2 Airbus Aircraft layoutprocedure figure;
Fig. 3 particular options visioning procedure figure;
Fig. 4 aircraft configuration constitutional diagram;
Fig. 5 aircraft option classification chart;
Fig. 6 restriction relation management flow chart;
Fig. 7 customer demand descriptive model figure;
Fig. 8 customer demand knowledge model figure;
Fig. 9 client's configuration result process flow diagram;
Figure 10 demand is to the method for product structure mapping;
Figure 11 cluster analysis result ice shape figure;
Figure 12 overview flow chart of the present invention.
In figure, symbol description is as follows:
Quick application development instrument under Delphi:Windows platform, CI: configuration item CA: construction package, FI: Function Identification, TS: technical solution, Option: option
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.Fig. 1 is Boeing layoutprocedure figure; Fig. 2 is Airbus Aircraft layoutprocedure figure.
See Figure 12, the present invention proposes a kind of aircraft configuration method based on customer knowledge, with customer demand, serve as theme, take aircraft configuration storehouse as core, by process standardizations such as demand collection, data analyses, finally realize visual, the intelligentized aircraft product configuration of client.Step is as follows:
Step 1: the structure in aircraft configuration storehouse, as shown in Figure 4, aircraft configuration storehouse is as core of the present invention, it comprises option mod and constraint relation management module, by the research to the understanding of aircraft modular design concept and external aircraft configuration management status, aircraft configuration item is divided into essential option and option, by option by the associated standalone module with certain function of option value, the module of aircraft configuration=standard type+independently, make like this aircraft apolegamy take into account the advantage of Boeing and Air Passenger, be convenient to the configuration of aircraft product.
A. option mod be take aircraft essential option as basis, first import the essential option of every kind of type, then according to enterprise practical situation, be every kind of type binding aircraft option, the associated one or more standalone modules of option value of option, as shown in Figure 5: seat, main cabin is arranged to aircraft option, the associated corresponding seat scheme module of each option value, the optional configuration that completes aircraft passenger compartment seat of client.
B. the establishment of customization option, its visioning procedure as shown in Figure 3, client propose to customize special aircraft option demand, through Enterprise Experts, examine, examine by rear, create customization option, through client, agree to, revise aircraft option, generate client's configuration result.
C. restriction relation administration module mainly arranges option and option, option and module, restriction relation between module and module, thereby set up every kind of a plurality of allocation plans of type, this module restriction relation is mainly divided into combination, rely on and mutex relation, its restriction relation setting procedure as shown in Figure 6, each restriction relation is defined to its scope and value, as shown in Figure 4, in figure, option A and B are syntagmatic, module C, D, E is dependence, customer selecting module C, D, according to restriction relation, can select module E by automatic client, client completes the aircraft configuration of module from top to bottom by restriction relation, restriction relation adopts the form of form to edit, its style sheet 1 as shown.Pass in table is " if (handling capacity of passengers > 200) and (voyage < 4000) then aircraft type in (' A319 ', ' A320 ') ", its form is as shown in table 1.
Table one
Step 2: the structure of customer demand model as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, gather the demand knowledge of client to aircraft, customer demand is divided into structuring customer demand, semi-structured customer demand and destructuring customer demand, by different describing modes, set up customer demand descriptive model, in conjunction with specialist examination, panel discussion, market study interpretation of result, configuration result, analyze refinement customer demand knowledge again, thereby set up fairly perfect customer demand knowledge model.
Step 3: the product process of client's allocation plan as shown in Figure 9, according to the allocation plan of this demand model of matching in aircraft configuration storehouse of the customer requirement list by customer demand model conversation, to to client, demonstrate the model machine to allocation plan by three-dimensional model simultaneously, if configuration result is met customer need, generate the configuration result document that this model machine is detailed, otherwise according to flow process again client's type selecting.
Step 4: customer demand to the conversion of design requirement as shown in figure 10, customer demand model is decomposed into structuring demand, semi-structured demand, again in conjunction with client's allocation plan, extract critical data wherein, by this data-mapping, in aircraft product function structure, if client is that horsepower is large to aircraft demand, system is the engineering parameter of aircraft launching system by this kind of Demand mapping, design department carries out with detailed design aircraft launching system according to this parameter, meets client's demand.
Step 5: the storage of client's configuration data and analysis, each client's allocation plan data are stored, and configuration data is sorted out, with mathematical methods such as cluster and comparative analysiss, analyze these data, for example by cluster analysis, show that somewhere passenger misses potter the aircraft at four seats of row, thereby record seat, this area and arrange rule, when the airline of this area buys aircraft, by supplementing of this current client's in rule seat demand knowledge.Table 2 is sample datas that client carries out the configuration of aircraft product, according to these data, utilizes the method for cluster analysis, can obtain the customer demand classification situation for current aircraft family product.
Table 2
| Numbering | Area | Layout type | Chair type | Floor | Light | Auxiliary equipment | |
|
| 1 | American-European | Mixed type | Common seat | Wood floors | Light yellow | Children's chair cushion | |
|
| 2 | American-European | Business type | Barbed chair | Compound substance | Light blue | Full-automatic shelf | |
|
| 3 | Asia | Economical | Multifunction seat | Compound substance | Incandescent look | Pet | Multimedia hub | |
| 4 | South America | Economical | Barbed chair | Rubber floor covering | Lavender | Buffet meal plate | Bookshelf | |
| 5 | Africa | Mixed type | Barbed chair | Rubber floor covering | Light blue | Pet box | |
|
| 6 | Asia | Business type | Common seat | Compound substance | Light blue | Full-automatic shelf | |
|
| 7 | South America | Economical | Barbed chair | Compound substance | Light blue | Children's chair cushion | |
|
| 8 | Asia | Business type | Common seat | Rubber floor covering | Incandescent look | Pet | Multimedia hub | |
| 9 | American-European | Business type | Multifunction seat | Rubber floor covering | Light blue | Buffet meal | Multimedia hub | |
| 10 | South America | Mixed type | Multifunction seat | Wood floors | Lavender | Children's chair cushion | |
|
| 11 | Africa | Economical | Common seat | Compound substance | Light blue | Full- | Bookshelf | |
| 12 | Asia | Economical | Barbed chair | Wood floors | Lavender | Pet box | |
|
| 13 | South America | Mixed type | Barbed chair | Rubber floor covering | Lavender | Children's chair cushion | |
|
| 14 | American-European | Mixed type | Common seat | Compound substance | Incandescent look | Buffet meal | Multimedia hub | |
| 15 | Asia | Business type | Multifunction seat | Rubber floor covering | Light blue | Buffet meal plate | Public television |
Because cluster analysis be take data as basis, for the character in table 2, description type property value, need to, by the parameter corresponding relation in table 3, be converted into numeric type data.
Table 3
According to client, configure the initial matrix X that list creates cluster analysis:
Adopt matlab to carry out cluster analysis, result figure is as shown in 11, and from figure, we can find out, client is classified can not be only according to regional partition mode, the requirement of user to color, interior trim and aircraft auxiliary equipment aspect, has very large relation with it to cabin layout.This is mainly because different layout type has determined the use approach that aircraft is different, and relevant auxiliary facility also must match with this use approach.These statisticses can help airline to hold the trend in market, develop diversified product, thereby stablize its status in market for the different demands of client under different conditions.
Claims (1)
1. the aircraft configuration method based on customer knowledge, is characterized in that: the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the establishment in aircraft configuration storehouse; Aircraft configuration storehouse is for storing the selecting type scheme of aircraft, and the structure in aircraft configuration storehouse is structure and the setting of option restriction relation in option storehouse;
A. the structure in option storehouse, is a basic allocation plan of every kind of type structure, and according to market study, aircraft option distributes like this: 75% is aircraft essential option, and 20% is aircraft option, and 5% is divided into customization item; Each option comprises option names, option number and three attributes of option value, and wherein essential option only has an option value, has been both default value, and option has two option values at least; Its building process is as follows: (1) is divided into essential option, option and three regions of customization item by option storehouse, and three regions are the list mode layout to comprise option names, option number and option value all; (2) Aviation Enterprise is according to actual conditions, by every kind of type general, not modifiable option is stored in database with the form of list, this list contains option names, option number and three attributes of option value, its option value is default value; Then by computer program, read these lists and show in essential option region; (3) according to market study situation and customer demand analysis, aircraft option is generally: 1) engine, 2) undercarriage, 3) Aerial Electronic Equipment in driving cabin, 4) arrangement of the interior trim in main cabin, kitchen, lavatory and seat, in conjunction with the attribute of option, at option areal structure aircraft option, for each option adds its option value, each option value associated one or a plurality of standalone module; (4) establishment of customization item, the comprehensive option of and classify and drafting into is carried out in business to customer specific demand, then passes through enterprise engineering department and prove its feasibility;
B. the setting of option restriction relation, the restriction relation of option is present between option, the restriction relation of option is dependence, combination and mutex relation, each option has a plurality of option values, each option value association is module independently, the module of total Options value association can meet the functional requirement of this option, between the different options value of each option, is mutex relation, with { n
1, n
2n
mrepresent the option value of each option and store the mutex relation of different options value by " non-" logical relation, thereby limit a kind of allocation plan that client can only select option, if each option is independent, aircraft has n option, each option has m option value, this aircraft has n*m kind allocation plan, in fact, Existence dependency relationship between aircraft option, if the option value of option A 1 relies on each other with the option value 2 of option B, use " with " logical relation storage option A value 1, the dependence of option B value 2, when the value 1 of customer selecting option A, according to option restriction relation between the two, system is the value 2 of customer selecting option B automatically, the organic assembling of the option value of different options forms multiple aircraft configuration scheme, thereby complete the structure in aircraft configuration storehouse,
Step 2: the structure of customer demand model, gather the demand knowledge of client to aircraft, customer demand is divided into structuring customer demand, semi-structured customer demand and destructuring customer demand, by different describing modes, set up customer demand descriptive model, pass through specialist examination, market study interpretation of result and configuration result are analyzed refinement customer demand knowledge, thereby set up fairly perfect customer demand model, customer demand model comprises two aspects: 1) fuzzy client requirement information being converted into can be by the parameter of computer scheduling and configuration, be about to client the abstract functional requirement of aircraft is refined as to close with it product parameters, 2) by conditions of demand and the profound excavation of client's suggestion of customer order, like product, find out customer demand individualized feature and behavior preference, generate the characteristic parameter of the aircraft outward appearance, indoor arrangement and the decorative colors that are applicable to different regions and age bracket client,
Step 3: the generation of client's allocation plan, according to the allocation plan of this demand model of matching in aircraft configuration storehouse of the customer requirement list by customer demand model conversation, to to client, demonstrate the model machine to allocation plan by three-dimensional model simultaneously, generate the specification documents that this model machine is detailed;
Step 4: the mapping of customer demand, customer demand is decomposed into structuring demand, semi-structured demand and product function demand, by each Demand mapping, it is concrete engineering characteristic, generation meets the design parameter of the product module of this project characteristic, again in conjunction with client's allocation plan, extract critical data wherein, this data based airplane design standard is generated to airplane design parameter;
Step 5: the storage of client's configuration data and analysis, each client's allocation plan data are stored, and configuration data is sorted out, with the mathematical method of cluster and comparative analysis, analyze these data, by these data, grasp on the one hand the demand situation of Vehicles Collected from Market aircraft product, facilitate business decision; These data rules, as the supplementary important evidence of customer demand knowledge, for the NM demand of client, from configuration module occupation rate and cost performance angle, are improved customer demand knowledge on the other hand.
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| CN105787113B (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2019-03-19 | 武汉大学 | A kind of mining algorithm based on PLM database towards DPIPP technique information |
| CN106548000A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-03-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | A kind of aircraft efficiency sensitivity analysis method |
| CN106897380B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-01-14 | 浙江大学 | Design knowledge dynamic pushing-oriented adaptive demand model construction method |
| CN111177847B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-12-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Civil aircraft configuration type configuration management method and device |
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