A kind of device and method of measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow system band liquid measure
Technical field
The invention belongs to biphase gas and liquid flow working medium share field of measuring technique, relate to a kind of device and measuring method of measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow system band liquid measure.
Background technology
Along with development of modern science and technology, occur in the increasing field of engineering technology or used two-phase flow, common diphasic flow mainly contains gas-solid, liquid-solid and solution-air etc. on the engineering.Gas phase can be continuous form or discrete bubble; Liquid phase also can be continuous form or discrete drop; Solid phase is then mostly to be the form appearance with small particle or solid piece.And wherein the measurement of the band liquid measure in the gas-liquid two-phase flow often becomes the emphasis and the difficult point place of application.
The pattern of flow of biphase gas and liquid flow has a lot, its not only relevant with the thermodynamic state of flow process (heating or cooling, compression or expansion), but also relevant with the residing geometric configuration of flow part (horizontal or vertical, static or motion).When the band liquid measure reached 5% ~ 8%, because the size of drop is less, biphase gas and liquid flow existed with the form of mist flow; When the band liquid measure reached 10% ~ 20%, drop size the liquid bolus flow occurred owing to secondary nucleation increases.
Present existing gas-liquid two-phase flow band liquid capacity metering method: based on the optical measuring method of Mie theory.Pipe and power module that this method needs a cover light source and spectrophotometric meter optical system, detector, transversely link detector and optical system constitute.In when test, when the solution-air mixed working fluid was flowed through the passage of detector head, the light source of optic testing system one end emission was through gas-liquid two-phase flow, the light of the spectrophotometer of its other end test after the scattering of two-phase flow working medium.Analyzing the spectrum of scattered light judges diphasic flow band liquid measure.This kind method equipment needed thereby is very complicated and fake expensive; Because its installation is comparatively numerous and diverse, unsuitable being applied under comparatively abominable industry spot of condition and the refrigeration low-temperature field extreme condition; Test process is complicated, and it is longer to expend time in.
Industry spot is approached in the moving many application scenarios of gas-liquid two-phase flow, requires test macro can obtain measurement result quickly and accurately.It is simple that this has a proving installation with regard to the method for testing that requires gas-liquid two-phase flow system band liquid measure, and test process is succinctly quick, the most important thing is to be easy to realize.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of device and method of measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow system band liquid measure, have that measurement mechanism is simple in structure, measuring process succinct, accurately fast, measurement range is wide, to advantages such as environment for use are insensitive.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of device of measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow system band liquid measure comprises:
Heating module: be located at the gas-liquid two-phase flow system outlet, gas-liquid two-phase working substance is heated, with the working medium of the saturated or gas phase superheat state of output gaseous state;
Pressure measuring module: be located at the heating module outlet, measure the pressure of heating module outlet working medium;
Temperature-measuring module: be located at the heating module outlet, measure the temperature of heating module outlet working medium;
Flow measurement module: be located at the heating module outlet, measure the flow of heating module outlet working medium;
Data processing and display module: according to the state of the heating module output working medium that pressure measuring module and temperature-measuring module reflected; Mass rate and the heating power of this moment in conjunction with heating module outlet working medium carry out calculation process, obtain the band liquid measure of gas-liquid two-phase flow system and the result is shown.
The heating power of described heating module is adjustable, regulate its heating power and make working medium reach the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase in the heating module outlet, and the heating power of heating module is transferred to data processing and display module at this moment.
Described pressure measuring module and temperature-measuring module can convert its detected pressure signal and temperature signal to digital signal, and show.
Described heating module is an electric heater unit.
Described pressure measuring module is a pressure transducer, and temperature-measuring module is a temperature sensor, and described flow measurement module is mass flow measurement module or volume flow measurement module.
Described pressure transducer is a piezoresistive pressure sensor, and temperature sensor is thermocouple sensor or platinum sensor, and the mass flow measurement module is a mass flowmeter, and the volume flow measurement module is a volumetric displacement meter.
During the working medium of the full state of heating module output gaseous state, data processing and display module obtain being calculated as of band liquid measure of gas-liquid two-phase flow system: α=W/ (m γ); Wherein α is the band liquid measure, and γ is the gasification latent heat of gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium under heating module top hole pressure P, and W is a heating power, and m is the mass rate of heating module outlet working medium.
During the working medium of heating module output gas phase superheat state, data processing and display module obtain being calculated as of band liquid measure of gas-liquid two-phase flow system: α=[W-m (h-h
o)]/(m γ); Wherein α is the band liquid measure; γ is the gasification latent heat of gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium under heating module top hole pressure P, and W is a heating power, and m is the mass rate of heating module outlet working medium; H is the specific enthalpy under the heating module outlet overheated gas working medium corresponding states parameter (T, P), h
oSpecific enthalpy for gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium corresponding state of saturation gas working medium under heating module top hole pressure P.
A kind of method of measuring the band liquid measure of gas-liquid two-phase flow system may further comprise the steps:
1) in the outlet of gas-liquid two-phase flow system the adjustable heating module of heating power is set gas-liquid two-phase working substance is heated, make the working medium of the saturated or gas phase superheat state of output gaseous state through the heating power of regulating heating module;
2) in the outlet of heating module temperature T and the pressure P that pressure measuring module and temperature-measuring module are measured heating module outlet working medium respectively is set, judges whether it reaches the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase; If working medium still is in the gas-liquid two-phase state in the heating module outlet, then increase heating power, reach the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase up to working medium in the heating module outlet, record heating power W at this moment;
Outlet at heating module is provided with the flow measurement module, measures the flow of heating module outlet working medium;
3) data processing and display module be according to the state of heating module that pressure measuring module and temperature-measuring module reflected output working medium, through the following band liquid measure that calculates the gas-liquid two-phase flow system:
When heating module outlet working medium is the gas phase state of saturation, band liquid measure α=W/ (m γ); Wherein α is the band liquid measure, and γ is the gasification latent heat of gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium under heating module top hole pressure P, and W is a heating power, and m is the mass rate of heating module outlet working medium;
When heating module outlet working medium is gas phase when overheated, band liquid measure α=[W-m (h-h
o)]/(m γ); α is the band liquid measure; γ is the gasification latent heat of gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium under heating module top hole pressure P, and W is a heating power, and m is the mass rate of heating module outlet working medium; H is the specific enthalpy under the heating module outlet overheated gas working medium corresponding states parameter (T, P), h
oSpecific enthalpy for gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium corresponding state of saturation gas working medium under heating module top hole pressure P.
Being adjusted into of the heating power of described heating module:
At first, according to the maximum band liquid measure that gas-liquid two-phase flow working medium can reach, calculating liquid phase ingredient is the required theoretical heat of gas phase by liquid-phase conversion;
Then, adding heat with theory is benchmark, and heating module heats gas-liquid two-phase working substance, measures the temperature T and the pressure P of heating module outlet working medium, judges whether air-flow reaches the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase;
If working medium reaches the saturated or superheat state of gas phase in heating module outlet working medium, record heating power W this moment; If working medium still is in the gas-liquid two-phase state in heating module outlet working medium, then increase heating power, reach the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase up to working medium in heating module outlet working medium, record heating power W.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
The device and method of measurement gas-liquid two-phase flow provided by the invention system band liquid measure; Through settling heating module that system outlet gas-liquid two-phase flow working medium is heated in the outlet of gas-liquid two-phase flow working substance system; Regulate the heating module heating power and make heating module outlet working medium reach the gas phase state of saturation, the temperature and pressure that detects heating module outlet working medium carries out state to the working medium after heating and judges.When heating module outlet working medium state is the gas phase saturated mode or crosses when hot,, utilize the thermodynamic relation formula to judge liquid phase part share in the working medium in conjunction with the heating power that is consumed, systematic working medium mass rate and the working medium latent heat of vaporization.
Because the thermodynamic relation that the present invention adopts working medium to change is measured liquid phase part share in the working medium; Only need heater module, temperature and pressure transmitter and flow measurement module; Need high, complicated measuring equipment with existing optical measuring method and can't be applied to complicacy, extreme working environment is compared, have simple in structure, do not need complex and expensive instrument, system easy to connect, be adapted to complicacy, extreme operating condition and adaptation greatly with the advantage of liquid measure system.And have that data volume is little, the succinct advantage fast of measuring process.
The device and method of measurement gas-liquid two-phase flow provided by the invention system band liquid measure; Overcome that existing optical method is measured the low temperature field that can't be applied to, Measuring Time is long, data volume is big, the shortcoming of device complex and expensive, have the extreme condition of adaptation, device simple, be convenient to realize, measurement range is wide and advantage such as good stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a connection synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is that gas-liquid two-phase flow system, 2 is that heating module, 3 flow measurement modules, 4 are that pressure measuring module, 5 is that temperature-measuring module, 6 is data processing and display module.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description, said is to explanation of the present invention rather than qualification.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of device of measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow system band liquid measure comprises:
Heating module 2: be located at the outlet of gas-liquid two-phase flow system 1, gas-liquid two-phase working substance is heated, with the working medium of the saturated or gas phase superheat state of output gaseous state;
Pressure measuring module 4: be located at the heating module outlet, measure the pressure of heating module outlet working medium;
Temperature-measuring module 5: be located at the heating module outlet, measure the temperature of heating module outlet working medium;
Flow measurement module 3: be located at the heating module outlet, measure the flow of heating module outlet working medium;
Data processing and display module 6: according to the state of the heating module output working medium that pressure measuring module and temperature-measuring module reflected; Mass rate and the heating power of this moment in conjunction with heating module outlet working medium carry out calculation process, obtain the band liquid measure of gas-liquid two-phase flow system and the result is shown.
The heating power of concrete described heating module is adjustable, regulate its heating power and make working medium reach the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase in the heating module outlet, and the heating power of heating module is transferred to data processing and display module at this moment, so that calculate.
Heating module is the electrical heating module, perhaps has the adjustable firing equipment of similar heating power.
Pressure measuring module can become digital signal with temperature signal with its detected pressure signal with temperature-measuring module, and shows.
Pressure measuring module and the temperature-measuring module of realizing above-mentioned functions have multiple mode, more commonly pressure transducer and temperature sensor; Pressure transducer can or have other measurement mechanisms of pressure measuring function for piezoresistive pressure sensor; Temperature sensor can have other measurement mechanisms of temperature survey function for thermopair, RTD etc.
Owing to when calculating, need the mass rate of working medium, so the flow measurement module is the mass flow measurement module, perhaps adopt the flow measurement device of volume flow measurement module or identical function, convert its measurement result to mass rate then.So can adopt mass flowmeter, also can adopt volumetric displacement meter.
The method of the band liquid measure of the measurement gas-liquid two-phase flow system that is provided may further comprise the steps:
1) builds measuring table
In the outlet of gas-liquid two-phase flow system the adjustable heating module of heating power is set gas-liquid two-phase working substance is heated, make the working medium of the saturated or gas phase superheat state of output gaseous state through the heating power of regulating heating module;
2) in the outlet of heating module temperature T and the pressure P that pressure transducer and temperature sensor are measured heating module outlet working medium respectively is set, judges whether it reaches the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase; If working medium still is in the gas-liquid two-phase state in the heating module outlet, then increase heating power, reach the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase up to working medium in the heating module outlet, record heating power W;
Outlet at heating module is provided with the flow measurement module, measures the flow of heating module outlet working medium;
3) data processing and display module are according to the state of the heating module output working medium that pressure measuring module and temperature-measuring module reflected, through calculating the band liquid measure of gas-liquid two-phase flow system.
Concrete is operating as:
At first build measuring table, comprise being positioned at the adjustable heating module of gas-liquid two-phase flow system outlet heating power; Be arranged in the working medium mass flow measurement module of heating module outlet; Be arranged in the pressure transducer of heating module outlet; Be arranged in the temperature sensor of heating module outlet; Data processing and display module.
Confirm the heating power of heating module then:
It is the theoretical heat of the required adding of gas phase by liquid-phase conversion that the maximum band fluid volume meter that possibly reach according to gas-liquid two-phase flow working medium is earlier calculated liquid phase ingredient; The second, adding heat with theory is benchmark, and gas-liquid two-phase working substance is heated, and measures the temperature T and the pressure P of heating module exit flow, judges whether air-flow reaches the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase; The 3rd, if working medium reaches the saturated or superheat state of gas phase in the heating module outlet, record heating power W this moment; If working medium still is in the gas-liquid two-phase state in the heating module outlet, then increase heating power, reach the saturated or gas phase superheat state of gas phase up to working medium in the heating module outlet, record heating power W.
Be with liquid measure to confirm at last:
Obtain the mass rate m of the saturated or gas phase superheat state working medium of heating module outlet gaseous state through working medium mass flow measurement module; In conjunction with heating power W, working medium heating module outlet gas phase state of saturation parameter quality flow m; The working medium heating module of flowing through is an approximate isobaric process, therefore is with liquid measure to try to achieve with the following methods;
1), calculates heating module exit gas state when being the gas phase state of saturation with following formula:
Utilize equality α=W/ (m γ);
Wherein, α is the band liquid measure, and γ is the gasification latent heat of gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium under heating module top hole pressure P; W is a heating power, and m is the mass rate of heating module outlet working medium;
The working medium gasification latent heat of certain working medium can obtain according to rerum natura chart or rerum natura query software, the corresponding gasification latent heat of pressure.
2) when heating module exit gas state be that gas phase is calculated with following formula when overheated:
Utilize equality α=[W-m (h-h
o)]/(m γ);
Wherein, α is the band liquid measure; γ is the gasification latent heat of gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium under heating module top hole pressure P, and W is a heating power, and m is the mass rate of heating module outlet working medium; H is the specific enthalpy under the heating module outlet overheated gas working medium corresponding states parameter (T, P), and (T, P) is heating module exit gas state parameter; The overheated gas specific enthalpy can obtain through known relevant rerum natura chart of (T, P) inquiry or rerum natura query software, if (T, P) confirms that the overheated gas specific enthalpy just can be confirmed so; h
oBe the specific enthalpy of gas-liquid two-phase flow systematic working medium corresponding state of saturation gas working medium under heating module top hole pressure P, h
oThe specific enthalpy of-state of saturation only need know that pressure P can obtain according to rerum natura chart or rerum natura query software, and is irrelevant with temperature T.
Provide concrete measurement embodiment below.
Embodiment 1
Behind band liquid Cryogenic air turbo-expander, two-phase flow system band liquid measuring device is installed; Systematic working medium is oxygen level 35% oxygen-enriched air; Regulate heating power W, (P=0.133MPa T=86.25K), writes down heating power W=2517.7W to confirm it to reach the gas phase state of saturation according to heating module outlet working medium state parameter; The mass flow measurement module obtains systematic working medium mass rate m=0.175kgs
-1The gasification latent heat 205.48kJkg of working medium
-1According to α=W/ (m γ)=2517.7/ (0.175205.48 * 10
3)=0.07, can get the work off one's feeling vent one's spleen band liquid measure of liquid two-phase of decompressor is 7%.
Embodiment 2
Behind band liquid Cryogenic air turbo-expander, two-phase flow system band liquid measuring device is installed; Systematic working medium is oxygen level 35% oxygen-enriched air; Regulate heating power W, confirm that according to heating module outlet working medium state parameter it reaches gas phase superheat state (P=0.133MPa, T=90.25K, h=85.67kJ/kg, h
o=81.29kJ/kg), record heating power W=3284.2W; The mass flow measurement module obtains systematic working medium mass rate m=0.175kgs
-1The gasification latent heat 205.48kJkg of working medium
-1According to α=[W-m (h-h
o)]/(m γ)=[3284.2-0.175 * (85.67 * 10
3-81.29 * 10
3)]/(0.175205.48 * 10
3)=0.07, can get the decompressor liquid two-phase band liquid measure of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen is 7%.
Above embodiment only is used to explain optimal way of the present invention; But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; In the ken that said field those of ordinary skill is possessed; Any modification of being done within spirit of the present invention and the principle, be equal to and substitute and improvement etc., it all should be encompassed in the technical scheme scope that the present invention asks for protection.