CN102720795A - Hydro-pneumatic spring for amphibious vehicles and hydraulic regulating device for hydro-pneumatic spring for amphibious vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil-pneumatic spring used for an amphibious vehicle and a hydraulic adjustment device thereof, in particular to an oil-pneumatic spring capable of lowering the wheel on land, retracting it in water, controlling the height of the vehicle body, and automatically changing the pressure and supporting force. The oil-gas spring uses inert gas as the elastic medium and oil as the force transmission medium. It consists of a gas spring and a hydraulic cylinder equivalent to a shock absorber. The oil-air separation spring is composed of the gas chamber, the oil chamber and the floating piston. The oil is sucked from the piston rod, enters the oil chamber B through the damper valve, and pushes the piston so that the gas is compressed or stretched to play an elastic role. The cylinder, piston and damper form the shock absorber. Due to the function of the damping valve, the energy can be effectively attenuated, so that it can return to a relatively balanced state and play a role in vibration reduction. At the same time, adjust the oil intake of the oil inlet to quickly and accurately change the position of the piston, so as to change the extension length of the piston rod to change the state of the wheel, and realize the adjustment of the wheel retractable and vehicle height range.

Description

An oil-pneumatic spring and its hydraulic adjustment device for amphibious vehicles

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic machinery, and relates to an oil-pneumatic spring for an amphibious vehicle and its hydraulic adjustment device, in particular to a device that can realize the wheels being put down on land, stowed in water, controlling the height of the vehicle body, and automatically changing the pressure. And the oil-pneumatic spring of supporting force and its hydraulic adjustment device. It is mainly used to change the wheel position, adjust the height of the vehicle body and attenuate the vibration of the vehicle body to improve the safety and smoothness of driving on land and reduce the action resistance of driving in water.

Background technique

In the prior art, the suspension is the assembly of all force transmission connection devices between the vehicle frame (or load-bearing body) and the axle (or wheel). The general suspension system is composed of elastic elements, damping elements and guide mechanisms. As an elastic element in the suspension system, the oil-gas spring uses the hydraulic oil filled in the cylinder as the sealing medium and the force transmission medium, and the high-pressure gas filled in the cylinder as the force and working medium to make the hydraulic oil and high pressure The gas connection directly bears the external excitation by installing the piston and piston rod in the sealed cylinder. High-pressure gas is used as the spring device, and damping valves, cylinders and pistons are used to form shock absorbers, so that the oil-pneumatic spring has variable stiffness and variable damping characteristics, thereby obtaining vehicle ride comfort.

But there are some deficiencies in existing oil and gas springs:

1. The adjustment of the vehicle body height is only realized through the external oil circuit without considering the structure of the oil-gas spring itself, and due to the limitation of the installation position, the adjustable range is limited. For example, the application number is CN201110242327.6, and the title of the invention is "A Vehicle Height Adjustment Device and Method Based on Oil-Pneumatic Springs." Through oil-gas springs, lock valves, oil filling and discharging valves, high-pressure oil pumps, fuel tanks, etc., a circulating oil circuit is formed to achieve a limited height. Free adjustment within the range.

2. Although it has good variable stiffness and variable damping characteristics, it cannot realize the adjustment of vehicle body height or the adjustment speed is too slow and the adjustment range is too small, and most of them are improved oil-gas springs with double bars, which have complex structures and high sealing requirements. For example, the application number is CN201110314016.6, and the title of the invention is "a vehicle oil-pneumatic spring with adjustable stiffness and damping". By adding additional volume chambers, hydraulic control valves and air control valves, the adjustable range of stiffness and damping is improved; through the air control valve Controlling the amount of gas to adjust the height of the vehicle body is more complex and requires high control.

3. Even if it has both functions at the same time, there are too many internal components, complex structure, high cost, high energy consumption, and mediocre reliability. For example, the application number is CN200410045416.1 and the name of the invention is "Oil and Gas Spring". Through internal and external cylinders, pressure relief valves, pressure relief drive springs, one-way oil inlet and outlet valves, control valves, pull bars, springs, etc., height adjustment and capacity absorption and transmission are realized. .

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an oil-pneumatic spring and its hydraulic adjustment device for an amphibious vehicle in view of the above-mentioned problems and the characteristics of the rapid transition of the wheel state during the driving of the amphibious vehicle. This device not only has better functions of elastic elements and shock absorbers, but also can actively control and adjust the height of the vehicle body and the running state of the wheels quickly, and in order to solve the problem that the wheels can be stowed when the vehicle is driving in the water, so as to reduce the amphibious The accessory resistance generated by the state of the wheels when driving in water can realize the rapidity of driving in water; it can also meet the safety and smoothness of driving on land.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention realizes the object and takes is:

A kind of oil-pneumatic spring used for amphibious vehicles, comprising one end fixedly connected with one end of cylinder head 23, the other end is provided with cylinder barrel 19 of cylinder cover 15, piston 10 and piston rod 18, and one end of described piston rod 18 is sleeved with The inner wall of the cylinder barrel 19 is closely fitted with the piston 10, and the other end stretches out from the cylinder cover 15 and is connected with an earring 13, and the other end of the cylinder head 23 is also connected with a cylinder body 4 with a floating piston 3 inside. The cylinder head 23 is sequentially provided with coaxial stepped holes of large, medium and small diameters from left to right, wherein the large diameter hole communicates with the cylinder barrel 19, and a damping valve 24 is installed in the small diameter hole to communicate with the cylinder body 4, and the vertical middle diameter There is an oil inlet a6 communicating with the middle diameter hole on the outer circle of the hole axis, and an earring is arranged on the outer circle corresponding to the oil inlet a6; There is an oil inlet b12, there is a gas chamber A and an oil chamber B between the floating piston 3 and the cylinder 4 from right to left; Rod chamber C and rod chamber D; the gas chamber A is high-pressure gas, the end face of the gas chamber A is provided with an inflatable plug 1, the oil chamber B, the rod chamber C and the rod chamber D are all hydraulic oil.

A guide sleeve 16 is also provided in the cylinder 19 mentioned above close to the cylinder head 15 , and sealing rings 17 are respectively provided between the guide sleeve 16 , the cylinder 19 and the piston rod 18 .

Sealing rings are respectively provided between the above-mentioned floating piston 3 and the cylinder body 4 , between the piston 10 and the cylinder barrel 19 , and between the piston rod 18 and the piston 10 and the cylinder head 15 .

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, another technical scheme that the present invention takes to realize the purpose is:

A hydraulic adjustment device for an oil-pneumatic spring of an amphibious vehicle, including a hydraulic pump 1-1, a Y-type reversing valve 1-2, a two-way hydraulic lock 1-3, an accumulator 1-5, and a speed control valve 1-6 and the overflow valve 1-7, the two upper ports of the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3 are respectively connected with the oil inlet b12 and the oil inlet a6 of the oil and gas spring used for the amphibious vehicle, and the storage The energy device 1-5 is connected in series with the speed regulating valve 1-6 and connected in parallel with the upper right interface of the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3 on the oil inlet a6; the Y-type reversing valve 1-2 is installed on On the two lower ports of the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3, the lower right port of the Y-type reversing valve 1-2 is directly connected to the oil tank; the hydraulic pump 1-1 is connected in parallel with the overflow valve 1-7 The lower left port of the Y-type reversing valve 1-2.

A kind of oil-pneumatic spring used for amphibious vehicles and its hydraulic adjustment device of the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

The mechanism of the invention is simple and safe. Using oil as the working medium makes the response faster and more sensitive. In particular, the gas and oil are separated by the floating piston to adapt to the characteristics of the easily excited vibration of the piston rod, which is more stable and reliable than the rubber diaphragm type or the oil-gas direct contact type. And part of the oil can enter the accumulator through the speed regulating valve to play a double insurance role, thereby further reducing the spring stiffness and improving the damping characteristics. Moreover, the oil-gas spring cylinder is provided with double oil inlets, which can change the hydraulic oil volume of the rod chamber D and the rodless chamber C in the cylinder, so that the piston rod of the vehicle is stretched out on land and the piston rod is retracted in water.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

In the figure 1. Inflatable plug, 2. Gas chamber A, 3. Floating piston, 4. Cylinder body, 5. Oil chamber B, 6. Oil inlet a, 7. Spring retaining ring, 8. Collar, 9 .Snap ring, 10. Piston, 11. O-shaped sealing ring, 12. Oil inlet b, 13. Ear ring, 14. Dustproof ring, 15. Cylinder head, 16. Guide sleeve, 17. Sealing ring, 18. Piston Rod, 19. Cylinder, 20. Y sealing ring, 21. Retaining ring, 22. Support ring, 23. Cylinder head, 24. Damping valve; 1-1. Hydraulic pump, 1-2. Y type reversing valve, 1-3. Two-way hydraulic lock, 1-4. Oil and gas spring, 1-5. Accumulator, 1-6. Speed control valve, 1-7. Relief valve.

Detailed ways

A kind of oil-pneumatic spring for amphibious vehicle and hydraulic adjustment device thereof of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of oil-pneumatic spring that is used for amphibious vehicle comprises that one end is fixedly connected with an end of cylinder head 23, and the other end is provided with cylinder barrel 19 of cylinder cover 15, piston 10 and piston rod 18, and described piston rod One end of 18 is sleeved with a piston 10 that closely fits the inner wall of the cylinder 19 , and the piston 10 is fixed on the piston rod 18 through a spring retainer 7 , a collar 8 and a snap ring 9 . O-shaped sealing ring 11 is installed on the piston rod 18 to ensure the tightness of piston rod 18 and piston 10 . The piston 10 is in contact with the cylinder 19 through the support ring 22, and the sealing of the piston 10 and the cylinder 19 is guaranteed through the Y sealing ring 20; the other end of the piston rod 18 passes through the guide sleeve 16, the cylinder head 15 and the earring 13 in sequence In which the guide sleeve 16, the cylinder 19 and the piston rod 18 are respectively provided with sealing rings 17. The other end of the cylinder head 23 is also connected with a cylinder body 4 with a floating piston 3 inside, and the cylinder head 23 is provided with coaxial stepped holes with large, medium and small diameters successively from left to right, wherein the large diameter hole is consistent with the The cylinder 19 communicates with the cylinder 19, and a damping valve 24 is installed in the small diameter hole (the damping valve 24 has a throttle valve plate, which controls the flow rate according to the pressure and speed to form a damping force.) It communicates with the cylinder body 4, vertically There is an oil inlet a6 communicating with the middle diameter hole on the outer surface of the diameter hole axis, and an earring is arranged on the outer surface corresponding to the oil inlet a6; There is also an oil inlet b12, there is a gas chamber A and an oil chamber B between the floating piston 3 and the cylinder 4 from right to left; between the piston 10 and the cylinder 19 there is a There is no rod chamber C and rod chamber D, and the pressures of the two chambers are equal. The gas chamber A is a high-pressure gas, and the end face of the gas chamber A is provided with an inflatable plug 1, and the gas chamber A is filled with high-pressure inert gas through the inflatable plug 1 according to the static load of the vehicle to form a gas chamber, and the gas chamber A and the oil The pressures in chamber B are equal. Oil chamber B, chamber C with or without rod and chamber D with rod are all hydraulic oil.

As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of hydraulic adjustment device for the oil-pneumatic spring of amphibious vehicle of the present invention comprises fuel tank, hydraulic pump 1-1, Y-type reversing valve 1-2, two-way hydraulic lock 1-3, oil-pneumatic spring 1-4, accumulator 1-5, speed regulating valve 1-6 and relief valve 1-7. The dual oil ports a and b in the oil-gas spring 1-4 are respectively connected to the two upper ports of the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3, and the accumulator 1-5 is connected in series with the speed regulating valve 1-6, and is connected to the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3. The upper right interfaces of the locks 1-3 are connected in parallel to the oil inlet a. The Y-type reversing valve 1-2 is installed on the two lower end interfaces of the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3, and the right lower end interface of the Y-type reversing valve is directly connected to the oil tank. The hydraulic pump 1-1 and the overflow valve 1-7 are connected in parallel to the left lower end port of the Y-type reversing valve.

The working principle of an oil-pneumatic spring and its hydraulic adjustment device for amphibious vehicles of the present invention:

When the amphibious vehicle is driving on land, the piston rod needs to be stretched out, the Y-type reversing valve 1-2 is located in the right position, and the valve is left-handed, and the hydraulic pump presses the hydraulic oil into the oil inlet a through the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3, Due to the effect of the pressure and the incompressibility of the oil, the rodless chamber C starts to enter the oil, and the hydraulic oil will push the piston rod 18 to move to the left, and part of the hydraulic oil in the rod chamber D will be discharged until the pressure of the two chambers is equal. Thus forming a certain static balance position, so that the Y-type reversing valve returns to the neutral position (when the reversing valve 1-2 is in the neutral position, the relief valve 1-7 is in the open state, and the hydraulic oil returns directly to the oil tank), so that the two-way hydraulic pressure Lock 1-3 is locked, and the oil circuit is closed. When the amphibious vehicle is running in the water, the piston rod needs to shrink, the Y-type reversing valve 1-2 is located in the left position, and the valve is right-handed. The hydraulic pump presses the hydraulic oil into the oil inlet b through the two-way hydraulic lock 1-3, and there is The rod cavity D starts to enter the oil, and the hydraulic oil will push the piston rod 18 to move to the right, and part of the hydraulic oil in the rodless cavity C will be discharged. road.

When the vehicle is running on land, the piston rod 18 is in the extended state. When the spring is pressed and the piston moves to the right, the volume of the rodless chamber C becomes smaller, and the pressure in the chamber increases, and a large part of the oil enters the oil through the damping valve 24. Liquid chamber B, with the increase of oil, the pressure in the storage chamber 5 is greater than the pressure in the storage chamber 2, due to the compressibility of the gas, the hydraulic oil will push the floating piston 3 to move to the right, thereby compressing the inert gas to generate high pressure The spring stiffness fully absorbs the impact from the ground; another part of the oil enters the speed control valve 1-6 through the oil inlet 6, and after the speed is adjusted, the oil with a stable speed and a constant flow enters the accumulator 1-5 safely. , to store part of the capacity and act as a second set of protection. As the external force restores the static balance, the pressure of the high-pressure inert gas in the storage chamber 2 remains unchanged, the pressure in the rodless chamber C remains unchanged, and the pressure in the rod chamber D becomes smaller, the piston 10 moves to the left, and the volume of the rodless chamber C becomes smaller. Large, the pressure in the chamber decreases, due to the pressure, the gas chamber A will release the capacity, push the floating piston 3 to move to the left, so that the oil in the oil chamber B enters the rodless chamber C through the damping valve 24, and at the same time accumulates energy The device 1-5 also releases part of the energy, and the oil enters the rodless chamber C through the speed regulating valve 1-6, so that the piston 10 returns to a relatively static equilibrium position.

Claims (5)

1. hydro-pneumatic spring that is used for amphibious vehicle; Comprise that an end is fixedly connected with an end of cylinder head (23); The other end is provided with the cylinder barrel (19) of cylinder cap (15); Piston (10) and piston rod (18), an end of said piston rod (18) are set with the close-fitting piston of inwall (10) with said cylinder barrel (19), and the other end stretches out cylinder cap (15) and is externally connected with earrings (13); It is characterized in that: the other end of said cylinder head (23) also is connected with the cylinder body (4) that is provided with floating piston (3) in; Said cylinder head (23) has the coaxial shoulder hole of large, medium and small diameter from left to right successively, and wherein large diameter hole communicates with said cylinder barrel (19), and small diameter bore is equipped with an orifice valve (24) and communicates with cylinder body (4); Have the filler opening a (6) that communicates with middle diametric hole on the periphery of vertical centering control diametric hole axis, the periphery of corresponding filler opening a (6) is provided with an earrings; Said cylinder barrel (19) has gas compartment A and fluid chamber B from right to left near also being provided with a filler opening b (12) on the periphery of cylinder cap (15) one ends between said floating piston (3) and the said cylinder body (4); Have rodless cavity C and rod chamber D from right to left between said piston (10) and the cylinder barrel (19).

2. the hydro-pneumatic spring that is used for amphibious vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described gas compartment A is pressurized gas, and the end face of gas compartment A is provided with an inflation plug screw (1), and described fluid chamber B, rodless cavity C and rod chamber D are hydraulic oil.

3. the hydro-pneumatic spring that is used for amphibious vehicle according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: also be provided with a guide sleeve (16) near cylinder cap (15) in the described cylinder barrel (19), be provided with seal ring (17) respectively between guide sleeve (16) and cylinder barrel (19) and the piston rod (18).

4. the hydro-pneumatic spring that is used for amphibious vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with seal ring respectively between described floating piston (3) and the cylinder body (4) and between piston (10) and the cylinder barrel (19) and between piston rod (18) and piston (10) and the cylinder cap (15).

5. hydraulic regulating device that is used for the hydro-pneumatic spring of amphibious vehicle according to claim 1; Comprise oil hydraulic pump (1-1); Y type selector valve (1-2); Bidirectional hydraulic lock (1-3), accumulator (1-5), series flow control valve (1-6) and relief valve (1-7); It is characterized in that: two last end interfaces are connected with filler opening b (12) and the filler opening a (6) that the said hydro-pneumatic spring that is used for amphibious vehicle is provided with respectively in the said bidirectional hydraulic lock (1-3), and said accumulator (1-5) is in series afterwards with said series flow control valve (1-6) and the upper right interface of said bidirectional hydraulic lock (1-3) is parallel on the filler opening a (6); Said Y type selector valve (1-2) is installed on two following end interfaces of said bidirectional hydraulic lock (1-3), and said Y type selector valve (1-2) bottom righthand side interface directly connects fuel tank; Said oil hydraulic pump (1-1) and said relief valve (1-7) are parallel to end interface under the left side of said Y type selector valve (1-2).

Images