CN102714083A

CN102714083A - Solenoid actuator

Info

Publication number: CN102714083A
Application number: CN2010800604355A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安德鲁·达姆斯
Original assignee: Sentec Ltd
Current assignee: Sentec Ltd
Priority date: 2009-11-10
Filing date: 2010-11-05
Publication date: 2012-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-11-05
Also published as: CN105047357A; EP2822004B1; EP2499646B1; CN102714083B; WO2011058344A1; US9530551B2; EP2499646A1; US20170169926A1; EP2822004A1; US20120261499A1; JP5738881B2; JP2013510450A; GB0919645D0; CN105047357B; CA2780355A1

Abstract

A short travel solenoid actuator (44) is disclosed which comprises at least one pole piece (47, 48), an armature (51), an electromagnet coil (46) arranged, in response to energisation, to actuate the armature between first and second positions. A permanent magnet (52) is positioned and orientated so as to latch the armature in the first and second positions when the armature is in the first and second positions respectively. A spring (53) is arranged to bias the armature.

Description

Solenoid actuator

Invention field

The present invention relates to a kind of solenoid actuator (solenoid actuator), especially but not exclusively relate to and be used for the solenoid actuator that uses at fuel injector.

Background technology

Solenoid actuator can adopt multiple different form.

Simple single action solenoid comprises armature, solenoid (often being called " electromagnet " for short), magnetic core and spring.The electromagnet energising causes that armature moves.When electric current was cut off, spring impelled armature to return.Permanent magnet adds the single action solenoid to makes the armature breech lock.Therefore, when electric current was cut off, armature remained on the appropriate location.In order to discharge armature, use the electric current that flows along the opposite sense electromagnet of switching on.

Two moving solenoids comprise two electromagnets usually.Dual breech lock can realize through using permanent magnet, for example, and as described in US 4 75l 487 A.

In the solenoid of some types, armature is tilted rather than quilt translation linearly.The solenoidal example of this type can find in balanced armature converter (balanced armature transducer), for example the balanced armature converter described in US 1 365 898 A.

The solenoid actuator of some type can be used in fuel injector and the engine valve.

For example, US2007/0095954A has described a kind of fuel injector, and it has between retracted position and stretch position movably clasp nail (pintle) and with the back-moving spring of clasp nail towards its retracted position biasing.The non-bolt-lock type solenoid of single action with solenoid and packaged type armature is used to clasp nail is pushed to its stretch position.Therefore, when solenoid was energized, clasp nail was pushed to its stretch position; And when coil stopped to be energized, clasp nail turned back to its retracted position.

EP 1 837 516 A have described the non-bolt-lock type driver of single action, permanent magnet, spring and electromagnet; Wherein the non-bolt-lock type driver of single action may be moved into fuel valve is opened and closure; Permanent magnet promotes armature towards make position; Spring promotes armature towards the enable possition, electromagnet produces and the magnetic field of disturbing magnetic field of permanent magnet, has reduced to be provided to by permanent magnet the power of armature so at least.When electromagnet was not energized, permanent magnet applied magnetic force so that valve is remained on make position.When electromagnet is energized, the magnetic field that the power that its generation produces permanent magnet reduces.Under the effect of spring, armature moves to the enable possition.When electromagnet is cut off, the power closed valve of permanent magnet.Optionally, electric current can be inverted through the direction of electromagnet, and this helps the magnetic field closed valve.

EP 2 194 543 A have described a kind of fuel injector; It comprises two moving non-bolt-lock type solenoid actuators; The moving non-bolt-lock type solenoid actuator of this pair has armature, first solenoid and spring; Wherein first solenoid is arranged to make armature to move along first direction, and spring supports forces armature to move and hold it in first (that is closure) position along second direction.This solenoid actuator also comprises second solenoid and the permanent magnet that is associated with second solenoid.Permanent magnet produces magnetic field, and the effect that makes armature move and armature remained on primary importance along second direction is played in this magnetic field.Second solenoid produces the opposite magnetic field of magnetic direction that produces with permanent magnet.Therefore, when second solenoid was energized, it offset the magnetic field of permanent magnet.Perhaps in the near future, first solenoid is energized, thereby armature is moved towards the second place along first direction simultaneously.When first solenoid and second solenoid stopped to be energized, the power that is produced by spring and permanent magnet played the effect that makes armature turn back to its primary importance.

US 5 494 219 A have described a kind of control valve assembly with fuel injection system of two moving drivers, and the moving driver of this pair comprises armature, first and second coils and first and second permanent magnets.Armature remains on primary importance by first permanent magnet.First coil is energized, and it offsets the magnetic field that is produced by first permanent magnet.Second coil is energized subsequently, and it produces and the identical magnetic field of magnetic direction that is produced by second permanent magnet, thereby armature is spurred towards the second place.First coil is cut off, in case and armature reach the second place, second coil just also is cut off.Armature remains on the second place by second permanent magnet.The process of the first and second coil swap operations can be repeated, thereby armature is turned back to primary importance.

US 5 961 045 A have described a kind of control valve with fuel injector of poppet-type valve member, and it comprise have armature, the single action solenoid of coil and back-moving spring, wherein armature comprises that permanent magnet and poppet-type valve member are affixed to this armature.Jointly, back-moving spring and permanent magnet usually with poppet-type valve member be biased to first, the enable possition.Permanent magnet is oriented to and makes when coil is energized, and permanent magnet pushes away from coil and flux carrier, with lift valve be pushed to second, make position.

EP 1 939 440 A have described a kind of two moving solenoidal Fuelinjection nozzles of dual bolt-lock type that have, and this solenoid comprises the permanent magnet armature that is disposed between exercisable independently first and second coils.First and second coils can be operable to and repel respectively and attract armature, and move the needle-valve that is supported by armature thus.

Solenoid actuator can also be used to control the inlet valve and the vent valve of combustion chamber, for example described in GB 2 208 041 A.In this configuration, the valve enclosed member is latchable to unlatching or make position through the power of the spring of the magnetic pole opposing compression of permanent magnet.The coil that is associated with each position is offset the magnetic field of the permanent-magnet pole of maintaining valve enclosed member with the electric current pulse activation time, and allows the spring of compression to make the valve enclosed member move through the neutral position of central authorities apace towards other position.

In WO2005/043266A, also described another driver, and it is used in hypervelocity instrument servomechanism installation (ultrafast tool servo).This driver comprises first and second coils, permanent magnet and the armature that is supported by bend (flexure).

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide improved solenoid actuator.

According to the first aspect of some execution mode of the present invention, a kind of short stroke formula solenoid actuator (short travel solenoid actuator) is provided, it comprises: at least one pole piece; Armature, it for example is arranged between first pole piece and second pole piece; Electromagnet coil, it is arranged to cause in response to energising that armature advances between the primary importance and the second place; Permanent magnet, it is positioned and is oriented and makes and when armature is in the primary importance and the second place respectively, armature is latched in the primary importance and the second place; And spring, it is arranged and is used to the armature of setovering, and this spring provides enough power so that stop armature to be latched in the second place.

Term " short stroke " is intended to represent that armature and pole piece are arranged to and have gap length; This gap length be at least than with the little order of magnitude of the narrowest width (perhaps the narrowest effective width) of the contiguous magnetic material in gap; Magnetic material is magnetic pole (pole) or armature; Wherein magnetic flux flows into the gap and gets into magnetic pole or armature, or flows into the gap from magnetic pole or armature.If the gap is made short or magnetic material is made broad, then magnetic field is crossed gap width and is become more even.The width of magnetic material can be at least 10 times, at least 20 times, at least 50 times, at least 100 times, at least 200 times or at least 500 times of maximal clearance length.Preferably, perhaps between the primary importance and the second place, spring has neutral point to the place in the primary importance and the second place, that is, and and the position that spring belongs to when not applying power.

Can the spring of high spring constant provides enough power by having enough.First and/or the second place in latched areas (latching field) can about 1 and 1.5T between.Spring (if perhaps use more than a spring, then spring jointly or in combination) can have the 20Ncm of being at least ^-2The spring constant k of * A/t (unit is N/ μ m), wherein A is that unit is cm ²The effective area of pole piece, and t is gap length (unit is μ m).Effective area can be that the area of the face of pole piece deducts the area that coil occupies, i.e. the area of the face of magnetic material.Spring can have the 40Ncm of being at least ^-2The spring constant of * A/t.Area A can be at 0.2cm ²And 5cm ²Between.Spring can transmit spring force, and this spring force has and advances reverse direction.Spring can comprise bend or concentric tube bellows (concentric tube bellow); Bend is for example for having the plate bending portion of length, width and thickness; Wherein length is greater than thickness; And wherein direct of travel is arranged to the length along bend, and the concentric tube bellows comprise first pipe and second pipe with common axis, and wherein direct of travel is along this axis.

The length of travel of armature between the primary importance and the second place can be not more than 500 μ m, is not more than 200 μ m, perhaps is not more than 100 μ m.Length of travel can be between 20 μ m and 80 μ m.

Permanent magnet can be supported so that move with armature by armature.Permanent magnet can be supported by pole piece.Armature can be smooth, and has thickness at the direct of travel of armature.The thickness of armature can be at least 1mm.The thickness of armature can be between 3mm and 5mm.Permanent magnet can be a ring-type.Driver can comprise at least two permanent magnets.Driver can comprise two permanent magnets that are disposed in armature center either side, and this permanent magnet has radially directed (for example, to interior orientation) magnetization.Driver can comprise three or more many (for example four, six or eight) permanent magnets that separate angularly around the armature center, and this permanent magnet has (for example, to interior orientation) magnetization of orientation radially.Coil can have the ring-type width, and this ring-type width is not more than 0.1 times of the first pole piece width.

Driver can comprise another solenoid.

According to a second aspect of the invention; A kind of driver is provided, and it comprises at least one pole piece, armature, be used to cause electromagnet coil that armature advances between the primary importance and the second place, be configured to make the spring that is latched in the permanent magnet of primary importance and is arranged the armature that is used to setover to major general's armature.

According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of being used to control the equipment that fluid flows, this equipment comprises driver.

According to a forth aspect of the invention, a kind of fuel injector that comprises driver is provided.

The accompanying drawing summary

Through the mode of example some execution mode of the present invention is described referring now to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the sketch map that has the single action solenoid actuator of stiffness spring;

Fig. 2 a illustrates the dependence of the saturable inductor electric current of the driver shown in Fig. 1 to armature position;

Fig. 2 b illustrates the spring performance of the driver shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 c illustrates the magnetic force property at the constant flux place of the driver shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 d illustrates the combining ability characteristic of the driver shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the sketch map that comprises the driver of the first and second back-to-back single action drivers;

Fig. 4 a illustrates the dependence of the saturable inductor electric current of the driver shown in Fig. 3 to armature position;

Fig. 4 b illustrates the spring performance of the driver shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 4 c illustrates the magnetic force property of the driver shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 4 d illustrates spring force and the characteristic of magnetic force of the combination of the driver shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 5 is the sketch map according to solenoid actuator of the present invention;

Fig. 5 a is the perspective cut-away schematic view of the solenoid actuator shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 6 a illustrates the dependence of the saturable inductor electric current of the driver shown in Fig. 5 to armature position;

Fig. 6 b illustrates the spring performance of the driver shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 6 c illustrates the magnetic force property of the driver shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 6 d illustrates the combining ability characteristic of the driver shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 6 e illustrates the induction coefficient of the driver shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 and the state characteristic of armature position;

Fig. 7 is the part section of fuel injector, and this fuel injector comprises that according to solenoid actuator of the present invention this solenoid actuator comprises one group of manage-style case (tube bellows);

Fig. 7 a is the amplification cross sectional view of one group of manage-style case shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 illustrates the power of the solenoid actuator shown in the Fig. 7 with one group of manage-style case and the figure of stroke;

Fig. 9 illustrates the power of the solenoid actuator shown in the Fig. 7 that has one group of manage-style case and the figure of stroke;

Figure 10 is the perspective cut-away schematic view of the solenoid actuator shown in Fig. 7;

First magnetic circuit when Figure 10 a illustrates armature when solenoid actuator among Figure 10 in primary importance;

Second magnetic circuit when Figure 10 b illustrates armature when solenoid actuator among Figure 10 in the second place,

Figure 11 is the perspective cut-away schematic view according to another solenoid actuator of the present invention;

Figure 12 is the perspective cut-away schematic view according to another solenoid actuator of the present invention;

Figure 13 illustrates plate bending portion;

Figure 14 is the profile according to solenoid actuator of the present invention;

Figure 14 a is the decomposition diagram of the driver shown in Figure 14;

Figure 15 a is the plane graph that is placed in the annular permanent-magnet body in the rectangle armature;

Figure 15 b is the plane graph that is placed in the annular permanent-magnet body in the circular armature;

Figure 16 a is the plane graph of one group of rectangular magnet in the rectangle armature;

Figure 16 b is the plane graph of one group of rectangular magnet in the circular armature;

Figure 17 is the cutaway view of permanent magnet configuration outside the plane;

First magnetic circuit when Figure 17 a illustrates armature when the driver among Figure 17 in primary importance;

First magnetic circuit when Figure 17 b illustrates armature when the driver among Figure 17 in the second place; And

Figure 18 is the profile according to wet type solenoid actuator of the present invention and pipe.

The detailed description of embodiment

Before describing some execution mode of the present invention in detail, with the operation of describing the single action solenoid actuator earlier, this can help to understand the present invention.In the following description of the operation of solenoid actuator, mark similar part with similar reference number.

With reference to figure 1, show single action solenoid actuator 1.Driver 1 has axis 2, and comprises the solenoid 3 that twines around axis 2, the pole piece 4 that is associated with coil 3, and axially isolated armature 5 of pole piece 4 and compression spring 6 with spring constant.Gap length is that the air gap 7 of t is formed between pole piece 4 and the armature 5.

Pole piece 4 is taked the form of E core.Pole piece 4 and armature 5 rectangle normally in plan view.

Driver 1 can be used to a kind of like this fuel injector (not shown), in this fuel injector the valve head (not shown) by along negative x direction indentation, with it from the valve seat (not shown) valve of removing that also Open from This Side.Yet driver 1 can be used to a kind of like this fuel injector (not shown), and the valve head (not shown) is stretched along positive x direction in this fuel injector, so that it is removed from the valve seat (not shown).

Fig. 1 shows the driver 1 that is not in full open position at solenoid 3 under the "on" position, i.e. t=t _Max, and this is maximum displacement, in this maximum displacement place, valve still remains closed through spring.Solenoid 3 can be used for through using the electric current that flows along proper orientation to come closed air gap 7, i.e. t=0 as coil 3 energisings.When being closed, the power F that applies by spring 6 _sEqual maximum magnetic closing force F _m(max).

For comparing little gap length with magnet pole widths, t＜＜w ₂And t＜＜w ₁, maximum magnetic closing force F _m(max) can be approximated to be:

F _m(max)＝A×0.5B.H(1)

Wherein A is the area (A=0.25 * π d in this case, of magnetic pole 4 _p ²-A _Coil, A wherein _CoilBe the area of coil), B is magnetic field, and H is the magnetic field intensity of maximum saturation field.Magnetic closing force F _m(max) be approximately equal to A * 400,000B ²Therefore, the maximum saturation field of supposing iron is 2 teslas, then the maximum magnetic closing force F of iron pole piece 4 and armature 5 _m(max) approximately be 160Ncm ^-2And for 1.6 teslas, the magnetic closing force approximately is 100Ncm ^-2For little gap length, F _mApproximate with respect to stroke is constant.

In this embodiment, pole piece 4 is foursquare (observing along the X axis) in plan view with armature 5 usually, and t _MaxBe 50 μ m, armature thickness t _aBe 4mm, pole piece thickness t _pBe 5.2mm, coil thickness t _cBe 1.2mm, pole piece width d _pBe 14.4mm and coil ring-type width w _cBe 1.2mm.Therefore, in this case, minimum pole piece width w ₂Be 3mm, and w ₂/ t is 60.

When driver 1 complete opening, before the magnetic field B in pole piece 4 was saturated, coil 3 can carry maximum current I _MaxCoil 3 can be by short circuit with the relevant magnetic flux of stable and coil 3.

Fig. 2 a shows the curve 8 of the corresponding armature position of saturation current.Shown in Fig. 2 a, along with armature 5 by band to magnetic pole 4, the saturation current in the coil 3 is linearly and reduces.

With reference to figure 2b, it shows spring force F again _SCurve 9 corresponding to armature position.Shown in Fig. 2 b, when driver 1 closure, that is, when t=0, maximum spring force is applied in.Along with the increase of gap length t, spring force F _SBe linearly and reduce,, promptly work as t=t when spring 6 is not compressed and gap length t reaches maximum _MaxThe time, spring force F _SArrive zero.In the operation of valve, valve will be at t _MaxIn place before, to guarantee to possess closing force.

With reference to figure 2c, showing three different electric flow valuves respectively is I=I again _Max, I=0.5I _MaxMagnetic force during with I=0 is corresponding to first curve 10 of armature position ₁, second curve 10 ₂, the 3rd curve 10 ₃Shown in Fig. 2 c, for given electric current, magnetic force keeps constant with respect to armature position.

Through considering magnetic energy E _m, can explain the state characteristic of solenoid actuator 1.

Be stored in the magnetic energy E in the driver 1 _mCan calculate through 0.5B.H is carried out volume integral.For adopting desirable soft material and closely spaced driver, all magnetic energy all are stored in the gap 7.For little gap, magnetic field is uniform.The volume V in gap 7 can calculate through V=A * t.Thus, be stored in magnetic energy E in the gap 7 _mCan be calculated as:

E _m＝A×t×0.5B.H.(2)

Use F=A * 0.5B.H, it can be expressed as again:

E _m＝F _m×t (2’)

Wherein F is the power that produces.

Thus, be applied in, and allow in coil 3, to set up electric current I the amount E of the magnetic energy that then stores if electrical potential difference V crosses the end of coil 3 _mCan be represented as:

E _m＝0.5L×I ² (3)

Wherein L is the induction coefficient of coil 3.If coil 3 is by short circuit subsequently, then relevant magnetic flux be fixed in a short time (ending owing to the resistance of coil is dissipated as) up to magnetic energy with coil.Along with armature 5 moves down, reduce the gap, this energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently by driver 1 work.

The magnetic force that the magnetic saturation different that becomes with armature position is partly located has been shown among Fig. 2 c.For given flux, magnetic force is constant.Yet, shown in Fig. 2 a, along with the increase in gap, need to increase the magnitude of current.

Spring force and the magnetic force that Fig. 2 d shows combination is corresponding to the curve 11 that is disposed in the position of three kinds of states promptly in first state, second state and the third state time at coil 3 ₁, 11 ₂, 11 ₃, wherein: in first state, change (as shown in Fig. 2 a) along with the position thus cause the maximum saturation magnetic field B _MaxElectric current I _MaxBe applied in; In second state, this half the electric current is applied in; In the third state, coil is open circuit (and in coil, not having electric current to flow thus).

At B=B _MaxSituation under, the electric current I in the coil 3 reduces (shown in Fig. 2 a) linearly with gap length t, and induction coefficient L increases with gap length t linearly.According to above-mentioned equality 3, the magnetic energy E of storage reduces with gap length t linearly, and according to above-mentioned equality 2 ', it is constant that magnetic force keeps.Total work W can be represented as:

W＝E _m(t＝t _max)/t _max×Δt (4)

Wherein Δ t is the variation of gap length.Significantly, if gap length t from maximal clearance size (that is t=t, _Max) change to the zero clearance size (that is, and t=0), Δ t=t then _MaxAnd W=E.Thus, in when size in the zero clearance, flux is still identical with magnetic force, but the magnetic energy E of electric current I and storage _mBe zero now.

Thus, shown in Fig. 2 c, if coil 3 is arranged to obstructed electric current, then it does not provide any power, and therefore spring 6 is tending towards resisting the closure in gap 7, promptly it pushes away armature 5.Yet if having flux peak in the magnetic pole, it provides constant magnetic force.The counteracting of this power causes the clean power of generation that armature 5 is pulled to pole piece 4.

With reference to figure 3, two moving back-to-back solenoid actuators 12.Be similar to the single action solenoid actuator 1 shown in Fig. 1; Back-to-back solenoid actuator 12 has axis 2, and comprise first solenoid 3 that twines around axis 2, first pole piece 4 that is associated with first coil 3, with the axially isolated armature 5 of first pole piece 4 with have first of spring constant k and compress spring 6.First air gap 7 that has gap length and be t is formed between first pole piece 4 and the armature 5.Driver 12 has the size identical with single action solenoid actuator shown in Fig. 11.

Driver 12 comprises second solenoid 13, second pole piece 14 that is associated with second solenoid 13 that twines around axis 2 and has second of spring constant and compresses spring 16.In the present embodiment, spring constant is identical.Second air gap 17 that has gap length and be u is formed between second pole piece 14 and the armature 5.In the present embodiment, u=t _Max-t.Thus, work as t=t _MaxThe time, u=0, and when t=0, u=t _Max

Thus, driver 12 can be regarded as a pair of back-to-back single action driver 1 with axially

isolated coil

3,13, and it shares a common armature 5.

Pole piece

4,14 all adopts the form of E core separately, and is rectangle in plan view usually.

Fig. 4 a shows the

curve

8,18 that electric current in first and

second coils

3,13 corresponds respectively to armature position.Electric current in first and

second coils

3,13 has identical direction.Shown in Fig. 4 a; Along with armature 5 is with to first pole piece 4 (as the bottom magnetic pole that illustrates); Current value in the first saturated and required coil 3 of magnetic pole in second pole piece 14 is linearly reduces, increase and current value in the second saturated and required coil 13 of magnetic pole in first pole piece 4 is linearly.

Again with reference to figure 4b and Fig. 4 c, show respectively for first and second coils 3, spring force F for 13 _SCurve 9, curve 19 and three different electric flow valuves corresponding to the position are I=I _Sat, I=0.5I _SatMagnetic force during with I=0 is corresponding to the curve 10 of armature position ₁, curve 10 ₂, curve 10 ₃, curve 20 ₁, curve 20 ₂, curve 20 ₃I _SatThe function that is armature position (is seen Fig. 4 a).

Shown in Fig. 4 b, when unlatching of first gap and second gap, 17 closures, that is, work as t=t _MaxThe time, apply maximum spring force through second spring 16.

Shown in Fig. 4 c, if

coil

3,13 is configured to use half maximum saturation current value, then closing

force

10 ₂, 20 ₂Be reduced to 1/4th, this is because power and electric current square proportional.

Again with reference to figure 4d, the spring force F of first and

second springs

6,16 _s, F ' _sAnd the magnetic force stack is to produce the spring force characteristic 21 of combination ₁, 21 ₂, 21 ₃, 22 ₁, 22 ₂, 22 ₃

Shown in Fig. 4 d, if

coil

3,13 not by logical any electric current (that is, and I=0), then when armature 12 be positioned in pole piece 4, between 14 midway the time, driver 12 shows force characteristic 21 at zero clean power place ₃, 22 ₃

Two

solenoids

3,13 can be used to make the magnetic energy of the solenoid actuator 12 of the single action solenoid 1 shown in Fig. 1 to double.Thus, solenoid actuator 12 can apply the power of twice, and causes armature 5 transmission faster thus, and this is because in two equipment, can use the armature of identical size.However, the driver shown in Fig. 3 12 still as two independently driver turn round effectively.By means of the spring force shown in Fig. 4 d, electric current is provided to keep driver to be in closure state, i.e. t=0.

The present invention at least in part based on to as the understanding of back-to-back the driver identical or similar performance that can realize, but more effectively and to a certain extent based on to allowing driver in the understanding that does not have to be drawn under the situation of electric power the driver closure state.

With reference to figure 5 and Fig. 5 b, show according to solenoid actuator 23 of the present invention.Solenoid actuator 23 has improved armature 5 ', and it comprises that 24, two permanent magnets 24 of two permanent magnets all have the magnetization 25 to interior orientation.Driver 23 has the size identical with driver shown in Fig. 3 12.

Shown in Fig. 5, w ₁=w ₂=3mm, the armature thickness t _aWith the permanent magnet thickness t _PmIdentical, it approximately is 4mm and t ₁=4mm.For two

coils

3,13, driver 23 is operated with 270 ampere-turns (amp-turns) (2 * 15A * 9 circles).Yet ampere-turn can be low or higher, and for example each driver is between 50 and 500 ampere-turns.Coil comprises the electric wire of 0.25mm diameter.

In this embodiment, driver 23 is foursquare in plan view, promptly observes along the

X axis.Spring

6,16 is taked the form of a pair of smooth bend, and this a pair of smooth bend is attached to the

pole piece

4,14 on armature 5 and the opposite side, so that armature 5 and

pole piece

4,14 are sandwiched between the bend.

With reference to figure 6a because two coils closely are coupled, so electric current I be two electric currents in the coil adding with.Line 18 ' shows the saturated maximum positive current that limits by the bottom magnetic pole.Line 18 " show the saturated maximum negative electric current that limits by upper magnetic pole.

Shown in Fig. 6 b,

spring

6,16 has the characteristic 9,19 identical with the driver 12 (Fig. 3) that does not have armature magnet (armature magnet) 23.

Yet shown in Fig. 6 c, the effect of permanent magnet 24 is that the magnetic force that depends on the position is introduced in magnetic field in

pole piece

4,14 when unsaturated.Thus, maximum magnetic force is identical with those magnetic force of the driver that does not have armature magnet 23 12 (Fig. 3).Yet, realize maximum magnetic force and required electric current is different.

Fig. 6 d shows the curve 20 of correspondence of spring force and the magnetic force of combination ₁', 21 ₂', 21 ₃', 22 ₁', 22 ₂', 22 ₃'.

Like combining ability characteristic 21 through the saturation field (saturated field) among comparison diagram 4d and Fig. 6 d ₁, 21 ₁' and can find out that permanent magnet 24 is placed on does not influence the maximum, force that can transmit through driver 23 in the armature 5 '.Yet permanent magnet 24 has changed the driving demand significantly, especially at the lower field place.

Like what can find out from Fig. 6 c, armature 5 ' receives negative spring effect, and promptly along with armature 5 ' is with

proximal pole sheet

4,14, the magnetic force under the zero current increases.Thus, do not relying under the situation of

spring

6,16, armature 5 ' is tending towards at t=0 and t=t _MaxPlace's breech lock.Yet like what can find out from Fig. 6 d,

spring

6,16 has the effect of this effect of compensation.If spring constant matees with negative spring constant, then power can be balanced.In addition; Can further increase one or two spring constants; Thereby make it surpass negative spring constant, be created in the center or an end or the stable driver in place, other end, this make position normally for relay, valve or injector.

Shown in Fig. 6 e, first and

second coils

3,13 are by close-coupled electrically, and for little gap (be t＜＜d) for, can consider to use unicoil.When the flux from coil passed through upper gap and underclearance continuously, the induction coefficient 24 of armature 5 ' kept constant effectively with respect to the position.Yet, the induction coefficient 25 of coil 3 (Fig. 1 & Fig. 3) ₁Do not reduce apace under the situation of permanent magnet having, this is because the induction coefficient 25 of itself and coil 13 (Fig. 3) ₂The correspondence increase be independently.

Along with two coils are coupled to the gap, electric current can be between it be shared (for example, through with its series connection).Thus, driver 23 can more effectively be operated, and this is because copper loss is lowered.Through using by directed suitably permanent magnet, especially work as length of travel in short-term, driver 23 can use flux to switch and operate.

Shown in Fig. 5, show execution mode based on two E cores.Yet, can use the pole piece of varying number, shape and configuration.At least one pole piece is arranged to and forms the gap, and armature is located in this gap and can advances.For example, can for example between the first and second E cores or the C core gap be provided at first and second pole pieces.Yet, can between the magnetic pole of one pole sheet or multi-part pole piece, the gap be provided, pole piece for example is the C core.Pole piece, armature and permanent magnet be arranged to when armature is in the diverse location at the opposed end place that (perhaps approaching) advance, when armature contacts with a pole piece, form two different magnetic-path (but its can shared portion magnetic material, for example armature and/or part pole piece).

The driver that execution mode of the present invention can provide short stroke, flux to switch, it can be used in high acceleration, start-stop is used in (start-stop application), for example in the fuel injector.This type driver has more performance potentially compared with the piezoelectric driver of corresponding size.In some embodiments, driver can transmit up to the power of 200N and/or can have the typical stroke that is approximately 50 μ m.In some embodiments, driver can have unlatching and/or the closing time of the unlatching that is approximately 0.2ms and/or closing time and potential 50 μ s.Delay between a plurality of injection events can be less than 0.2ms.In some embodiments, the fuel injector that comprises driver can have directly to spray the similar electricity needs of (GDI) driver with regular price gasoline and/or can have and directly sprays similarly size of (GDI) driver with regular price gasoline.In injector, possibly exist zero to reflux.In addition, driver provides the linear transmission that can realize variable valve lift.

Other execution mode of the present invention will be described now.In the following description, mark similar part with similar reference number.

With reference to figure 7, show the fuel injector 36 that is used for internal combustion engine.

Fuel injector 36 comprises multipart case of sprayer 37, and it is included in the nozzle segment 38 that its remote end part has spray orifice 39.Clasp nail 40 extends through nozzle segment 38, and has head 41.Clasp nail head 41 can engage with valve seat 42.

Clasp nail 40 is removable between first retracted position and second stretch position along axis 43 in case of sprayer 37.At retracted position, clasp nail head 41 and valve seat 42 couplings.At stretch position, clasp nail head 41 breaks away from so that fuel sprays from high compression combustion chamber 44 from valve seat 42.

Fuel injector 26 comprises according to driver 44 of the present invention, and this driver 44 is that flux switches, and it can be operable to and causes that clasp nail 40 is reciprocal linearly between retracted position and stretch position.

Driver 44 comprises: around first and

second solenoids

45,46 of axis 43 windings; First and

second pole pieces

47,48, it is associated, separates and form disc space 50 by annulation 49 with first and

second solenoids

45,46 respectively; Discoidal armature 51, it comprises coaxial annular permanent-magnet body 52; And stiffness spring 53, the spring that promptly has high spring constant k.Stiffness spring 53 adopts the form of the one group of concentric tube bellows that is formed by high-strength stainless steel.

Like what be shown in further detail among Fig. 7 a, manage-style case 53 comprises the inside bellows 54 and outside 55 that are attached to distal portion 56 places.Inner bellows 54 are than outside bellows 55 length.The near-end 57 of inner bellows 54 is attached to clasp nail 40, and the near-end 58 of outside bellows 55 is attached to case of sprayer 37.Clasp nail 340 is attached to armature 51 through tubular sleeve 59.

Through making the diameter d of

bellows

54,55 ₁With the diameter of the valve seat that is corrected according to Poisson's ratio 52, the diameter s of the mouth of pipe ₃The power that coupling comes balance to be applied by manage-style case 53 is to provide dried transmission (dry actuation) and to avoid fuel to reflux from injector.The diameter d of exterior tube bellows 55 ₁It approximately is the diameter d of valve seat 42 ₂1.4 times.

Manage-style case 53 provides enough power to stop clasp nail 40 to be latched in stretch position.Spiral helicine compression spring 60 axially is arranged between alignment pin 61 and the plate 62, and plate 62 is in abutting connection with clasp nail 40 ends.Thus, pin 61 can be used to trim injector 36.

As will be explained in more detail after a while, can omit in the

solenoid

45,46, yet and still allow doubling effect, for example through changing the direction of drive current.

Driver 44 utilizes high mechanical-electric coupling that linear operation is provided, and realizes proportional control through the back electromotive force sensing.Independently flux measurement ring (not shown) can be used to provide further control, for example, and as above described in WO2005/043266A.It can be used to accurately control the part unlatching of injector 36, and suppresses bounce-back through the armature that before for

example pole piece

47,48 contacts with end stop, slows down.

Mechanical-electric coupling can be through following manner be increased: use the permanent magnet that is positioned properly with respect to magnetic circuit, for example shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 7; Through increasing ratio (t _Pm+ t _Max)/t _Max, t wherein _PmBe permanent magnet thickness and t _MaxIt is gap length; And through with the magnetic flux around the coil the magnetic resistance in path of process be arranged as the magnetic resistance that is far smaller than the gap.

As explained a little earlier, because be added to magnetic flux, so can use less ampere-turn (for example, with the driver that does not have permanent magnet and/or be not that the driver of short stroke formula driver is compared) from

coil

45,46 from the magnetic flux of permanent magnet 42.Thus, can use little coil.

Permanent magnet 52 can comprise the NdBFe magnet of EH grade, and

pole piece

47,48 can comprise the high resistivity cemented iron, the AncorLam that is for example sold by the Hoeganaes Corporation of New Jersey Cinnaminson ^TM

In Fig. 7, driver 44 is shown having the diameter littler than housing 37.Yet difference can be very little.Housing 37 does not provide flux circuit.In some embodiments, housing 37 is not around ground parcel driver 44.

With reference to figure 8, show the

curve

64,65,66 of power corresponding to stroke again, it illustrates the typical performance of the driver 44 that does not have manage-style case 53.

First and

second curves

64,65 illustrate the magnetic drive power of maximum saturation, and it can be used to make armature 51 in corresponding with closure and enable possition first and second positions 67 respectively, move between 68.With armature 51 midway position point as a reference between magnetic pole, promptly stroke is 0 μ m.In the present embodiment, closed and enable possition the 67, the 68th ,-15 μ m and+10 μ m.Make position 67 allows the nargin (margin) of 10 μ m, and is in place before between armature 51 and pole piece 47, contacting to guarantee valve.Enable possition 68 allows the variable lift of a valve.Optionally, when valve reached pole piece at+25 μ m places, valve can be by complete opening.Shown in Fig. 7, the opening force of maximum saturation and closing force are constant with respect to the position basically, each all has the size of about 120N.

The 3rd curve 66 shows the corresponding relation of the magnetic force on the armature 51 and position when zero current.

With reference to figure 9, show the curve 64 ', 65 ', 66 ' of power corresponding to stroke again, it illustrates the typical performance of the driver 44 that has manage-style case 53.

The effect of manage-style case 53 is that the spring constant k through manage-style case 63 tilts the

curve

64,65,66 shown in Fig. 7, promptly through about 5N μ m ^-1

With reference to Figure 10, illustrate in greater detail the driver 44 (Fig. 7) that does not have manage-style case 53.

Shown in Figure 10, first and second pole pieces 47,48 (it can be called as top pole piece and bottom pole piece respectively) normally have outer dia d _OutwardWith inside diameter d _InAnnular pole piece.First and second pole pieces 47,48 have relative face 71,72 (being shown as upper side and bottom surfaces among Figure 10), and this relative mask has the annular recess 73,74 of the correspondence of hold-in winding 45,46.Armature 51 has first and second 75,76 (being shown as bottom surfaces and upper side among Figure 10).Armature 51 is at pole piece 47, between 48, and therefore first and second 75,76 of armature 51 respectively towards face 71,72.In the present embodiment, for two coils 45, for 46, driver 44 is operated with 270 ampere-turns (2 * 15A * 9 circles).Yet ampere-turn can be low or higher, and for example each driver is between 50 ampere-turns and 500 ampere-turns.With reference to figure 10a, when armature 51 during in primary importance, permanent magnet 52 produces magnetic field in first magnetic circuit 77, wherein in primary importance, and first 75 face 71 of armature 51 in abutting connection with first pole piece 47.Shown in Figure 10 a, flux 78 radially through armature magnet 52 and armature 51, get into first pole piece 47, around coil 46 and get back to armature 51.In the present embodiment, the narrowest width of magnetic material equals the exterior section of armature, and to have width be w _A2

With reference to figure 10b, when armature 51 during in the second place, permanent magnet 52 produces magnetic field in second magnetic circuit 79, wherein in the second place, and second 76 face 72 of armature 51 in abutting connection with second pole piece 48.Shown in Figure 10 a, the line of flux 80 radially through armature magnet 52 and armature 51, get into second pole piece 48, around coil 47 and get back to armature 51.

As explained a little earlier, need not use two groups of

windings

45,46, i.e. solenoid.

Solenoid actuator 44 has short stroke.In other words,

pole piece

47,48 and armature are arranged such that ultimate range that armature 51 can be advanced is far smaller than the narrowest width W of magnetic material _A2, this ultimate range can be regarded as the maximal clearance t that between

pole piece

47,48 and armature 51, forms in this case ₂Therefore under this environment, the gap between armature and the pole piece is very little, and the magnetic field in the gap is uniform.

Maximal clearance length is the narrowest width w less than magnetic material at least _A2The order of magnitude, i.e. w _A2＞10t ₂In the present embodiment, the gap is approximately 50 μ m, and effective width is approximately 2mm.

With reference to Figure 11, show another driver 44 '.Driver 44 ' is identical with the driver 44 shown in Figure 10, but does not have first solenoid 45.Groove 73 can likewise be omitted.In other the execution mode, second solenoid 46 can be omitted at some.

In the embodiment that describes a little earlier, used the armature magnet.Yet, can instead use the fixing utmost point magnet (pole magnet) that does not move with armature.

With reference to Figure 12, show another driver 44 ".Driver 44 " be similar to the driver 44 ' shown in Figure 11.Yet, driver 44 " and have second pole piece 81, this pole piece has with the similar base section 82 of second pole piece of describing a little earlier 48 (Figure 10) with from the annular wall part 83 (perhaps " magnetic pole extension ") of base section 82 towards 47 extensions of first pole piece.Permanent magnet 84 is fixedly placed in the inner radial surface 85 of wall part 82.Armature 86 is disposed in the inner surface 87 of utmost point magnet 84, and at first and second pole pieces 47, between 81.The magnetization of permanent magnet 84 is radially to be oriented the magnetic field and the line of flux (not shown) that make permanent magnet 84 produce radially to pass radial sidewalls 88 entering.Shown in Figure 12, armature 86 has the diameter d 4 of 10.5mm, and coil 46 has the radial diameter r of 1.2mm ₂, and pole piece has the diameter of 20mm.In the present embodiment, the narrowest width w of magnetic material _A3Equal the diameter d of armature effectively ₄

Driver 44,44 ', 44 ' is operated with the mode of broadly similar, and describes referring now to first driver 44 (Fig. 7).

Again with reference to figure 7, when first coil 45 was not energized, armature 51 was latched in the primary importance when second coil 46 and (if having first coil 45), in abutting connection with first pole piece 47.Shown in Fig. 7, this position is corresponding to 41 make positions that are positioned at wherein of clasp nail head.Through along the direction delivered current that armature 51 is attracted towards second pole piece being 47 energisings of second coil.If use first coil 45, then electric current can also be transmitted through first coil on same meaning.Thus, clasp nail head 41 is shifted (illustrating with chain).Even armature 51 can arrive second pole piece 48, in case coil is cut off energising, stiffness spring 53 prevents that just armature 51 is held.Thus, when electric current reduced or be cut off, armature 51 was advanced towards first pole piece 47 backward.

As explained a little earlier, open breech lock in order to overcome magnetic force to stop, stiffness spring is used.Normally, the breech lock magnetic field at place, the end of stroke is approximately 1 to 1.5T.This produces about 40 to 90Ncm of pole piece ^-2Power.The 50 μ m if armature is advanced between magnetic pole, then magnet spring constant (magnetic spring constant) is approximately-1.6 to-3.6N μ m ^-1Every square centimeter of pole piece.Spring should have the spring constant k above this value.Preferably, spring constant k is approximately big by 20% to 100% than magnet spring constant, promptly approximately+2 arrives+4.5N μ m ^-1Every square centimeter of magnetic pole.The manage-style case has sufficiently high spring constant value.Yet, can use the spring of other form, such as, for example, dish-like packing ring (Belleville washer) and bend.

Figure 13 shows the suitable form of bend 89.Bend 89 adopts the form of plate bending portion, and it comprises thin plate 90, and it is the plane substantially, has the groove 91 of long relatively side 91, the 92 vertically extending interdigitated of slave plate 90.Bend 89 comprises complete hard-type 302 stainless steels.Yet, can use other suitable material.Bend 89 has length a, width b and thickness c, wherein c＜＜a, b.

Shown in Figure 13, bend 89 can be in its end 93, be parallel to direct of travel be stretched (perhaps being compressed) between 94.In other words, power is applied in the plane of flat curved portion, rather than for example perpendicular to it.

Can use the type spring to replace the driver of describing a little earlier 44,44 ', 44 " in the manage-style case.

As will be described now, driver needs not be axisymmetric (that is, columned), but can take for example to have the form of the plane lamination type of box shaped pole piece and rectangle armature.

With reference to Figure 14 and 14a, driver 96 is shown as it along axis 97 operations.Driver 96 is normally elongated, and is rectangle in plan view.

Driver 96 comprises first and

second coils

98,99 that twine around first and second pole pieces 100,101.Pole piece 100,101 takes to have the form of ' U ' core of rectangular section usually, and via first group of screw 103 relative to each other be held through a pair of rigid plate 102, fixing.The armature 104 that under plan view, is generally the common plane of rectangle is located at pole piece 100, between 101.Rectangle permanent magnet 105 is embedded into the center of armature 104.

Plate 102 is attached to first and second opposite sides of driver 96.

Pair of plates bend 106 is attached to armature 104 (pole piece 100,101 is not attached to rigid plate 102) through first group of screw 103 and second group of screw 107 with pole piece 100,101.Each bend 106 is sandwiched between the rigid plate 102 of pole piece 100,101 and correspondence.Each plate 102 is separated through a pair of spacer bar 108 or packing ring (not shown) with bend 106.The general size of driver 96 is identical, i.e. u ≈ v ≈ w.This size can be greater than 10mm, greater than 20mm or greater than 50mm.This size can be less than 100mm.In the present embodiment, driver has the u=14mm of being of a size of, v=14mm and w=12.5mm.In the present embodiment, the narrowest width w of magnetic material _A4Equal the width w of pole piece effectively.Driver 96 need not keep together with screw.For example, some or all parts can be soldered, clamp or curl.

Bend 106 can have the 20Ncm of being at least ^-2* A/t or 40Ncm ^-2(combination) spring constant k of * A/t, wherein A is the area of magnetic pole, and t is a gap length.In the present embodiment, A is approximately 0.2 to 5cm ², and t (and length of travel) is less than 100 μ m, and for example, between about 30 and 80 μ m.

Can use and arrange one or more permanent magnet with some different modes.For example, can use a permanent magnet, it can take the form of single, continuous annulus.

With reference to figure 15a and 15b, show the example of the use of annular permanent-magnet body.Figure 15 a shows the single permanent magnet 26 that is single continuous form of annular rings that is disposed in the square armature 5.Figure 15 b shows the single permanent magnet 52 that is single continuous form of annular rings that is disposed in the discoidal armature 51.In Figure 15 a and 15b, be positioned at the soft magnetic material 5 of permanent magnet 26 inside ₁, 51 ₁The area of part is the outside soft magnetic material 5 with being positioned at permanent magnet 26 approximately ₂, 51 ₂The area of part is identical.

Can use permanent magnet more than one.Thus, one group two, three, four perhaps more permanent bar-shaped magnets (permanent bar magnet) can be arranged to center on the center (it has also defined the axis of advancing) of the magnetized armature with inside sensing and separate angularly.

With reference to figure 16a and 16b, show the example of the use of some permanent magnets.Figure 16 a shows four strip permanent magnets 26 that are arranged in the

square armature

5 ₁, 26 ₂, 26 ₃, 26 ₄These permanent magnets are arranged in pairs to facing with each other and magnetizing in the opposite direction.A pair of permanent magnet can be omitted, thereby two permanent magnets are only arranged, for example the first and the 3rd

permanent magnet

26 ₁, 26 ₃Figure 16 b shows four strip permanent magnets 52 that are arranged in the

circular armature

51 ₁, 52 ₂, 52 ₃, 52 ₄Again, can omit pair of magnets.Likewise, it is roughly the same to be positioned at the area of the inside and outside soft magnetic material of magnet.

As explained a little earlier, pair of magnets can be omitted, thereby two magnets are only arranged.Yet this can extend through armature to magnet.

With reference to figure 16c, and example is shown as it and comprises two bar-shaped magnets that extend through armature 51.Be positioned at

magnet

52 ₅, 52 ₆The area of the soft magnetic material of inner (being between it) roughly be positioned at

magnet

52 ₅, 52 ₆The area of outside soft magnetic material is identical.

Under the situation of using utmost point magnet, similar magnet arrangement can be used to those magnets shown in Figure 15 a, 15b, 16a, 16b and the 16c.

In the embodiment that describes a little earlier, permanent magnet be positioned at identical plane with armature and magnetic quilt planar directed.Yet, this configuration can through permanent magnet is placed on the armature different plane in and rotating permanent magnet improve so that the magnetization no longer be directed in the plane of armature.

With reference to Figure 17, show another driver 111.Driver 111 is that with similar part in the driver 44 ' shown in Figure 12 it uses utmost point magnet.

Driver 111 has axis 112, and coil 113 is at the cavity of (multipart) pole piece 115 or secretly center on axis 112 windings in the groove (blind recess) 114.Pole piece 115 adopts the form of the helix tube (toroid) with rectangular cross section usually.Pole piece 115 has the groove that extends along inner surface 116, so that form ' C ' core with first and second pole pieces 117,118.Hold ring-type permanent magnet 119 in the driver 111, its magnetic quilt is orientated and parallels to the axis 112.Be directed through smooth, brachymemma, tapered annular part or inserts 120 from the flux of permanent magnet 119.Inserts 120 has right triangle (right-hand triangular) cross section, and it can guide flux, so that become directed by radially by axially directed flux guide.Smooth armature 121 is at magnetic pole 117, between 118.Driver comprises stiffness spring 122, for example, has spring constant and is at least 20Ncm ^-2* A/t or 40Ncm ^-2The stiffness spring of * A/t, wherein A is the area of magnetic pole, and t is a gap length.In the present embodiment, A is approximately 0.2 to 5cm ², and t (and length of travel) is less than 100 μ m, and for example, between about 30 and 80 μ m.In the present embodiment, the narrowest width w of magnetic material _A5Equal the diameter of armature effectively.

Shown in Figure 17, armature 121 is arranged in the plane P 1 perpendicular to axis 112.Yet permanent magnet 119 is positioned at parallel but isolated plane P ₂In.

Figure 17 a and 17b illustrate when armature during in first (bottom) and second (top) position, the magnetic flux 123,125 that the magnetic circuit 124,126 through correspondence flows and passes pole piece 115, magnet 119 and armature 121.

In the injector of describing a little earlier, driver is the dry type driver.Yet driver can be the wet type driver, and wherein armature is disposed in pipeline with thin-walled or the passage and in this pipeline or passage and moves, and wherein fluid (gas or liquid) can flow through this pipeline or passage.Pole piece, coil and selectable permanent magnet are disposed in the pipeline outside.

With reference to Figure 18, show tube or pipeline 130 and be used to control the mobile driver 131 of fluid that passes pipe 130.Driver 131 has the driver 44 that is similar to shown in Figure 12 " structure.Yet some parts of driver 131 are set at the inside of tube 130, and other part is arranged to the outside of pipe 130 shape things.

Driver 131 has coil 133,134 that axis 132, the first and second axially separates and is being positioned at the outside outer pole piece 135 of tube 130 around axis 132 windings.Outer pole piece 135 is the shape of ring-type normally, and by constituting more than a part, so that make it and install around tube 130.Outer pole piece 135 is held one or more permanent magnet 136, permanent magnet 136 at first and second coils 133, be positioned at the either side of tube 130 between 134 or around the circumference of tube 130.Shown in Figure 18, magnet 136 has the magnetization of inside sensing.

Inner pole piece 139,130 inside of the tube between 140 that discoidal armature 138 between permanent magnet 136 and axially separates.Shown in Figure 18, outer pole piece 135 and inner pole piece 139,140 usually with armature 138 therebetween first and second magnetic poles, 141,142 formation ' C ' cores.

Driver 131 comprises stiffness spring 143, for example, has the 20Ncm of being at least ^-2* A/t or 40Ncm ^-2The stiffness spring of the spring constant k of * A/t, wherein A is the area of magnetic pole, and t is a gap length.In the present embodiment, A is approximately 0.2 to 5cm ², and t (and length of travel) is less than 100 μ m, and for example, between about 30 and 80 μ m.

Spring 143 adopts the form of recessing bar bend (slotted rod flexure); This recessing bar bend is attached to armature 138 at place, an end; And be attached to the inwall of tube 130 through rigid plate 144 at another place, end; This rigid plate 144 has the passage 145 that runs through, and this passage 145 allows fluid to flow through plate from a side direction opposite side.

Driver 131 also comprises clasp nail 146, and clasp nail 146 has the head (not shown) that engages a position (not shown).

The type driver can help to reduce the cost of making fuel injector (the perhaps fluid flow control apparatus of other type).And, if fuel inlet preferably is positioned at the center of driver, then can use the driver of the type.

Make fuel (perhaps other fluid) avoid coil 133,134 through light wall pipe road 130.Pipeline 130 is enough thick in to bear fuel (perhaps fluid) pressure, still enough approaches so that magnetic flux passes through with the magnetic resistance and the eddy current loss of minimum.For example, pipeline can be formed by the thick high strength magnetic stainless steel of 0.12mm.Yet, can use the pipeline of other material and/or thickness.

Execution mode according to driver of the present invention can have one or more advantage.

For example, the permanent magnet biasing allows to use the ampere-turn of low numeral, allows thus to use less coil section and reduce magnetic-path length required in the pole piece.This can help to reduce magnetic leakage, and this allows to use the ampere-turn of required lower numeral then.

Under the situation of using the closed loop Position Control, this driver is easier to control and more effectively controlled compared with the solenoid actuator of routine, and this is because this driver has the linear response to drive current, and because the close-coupled character of this driver.

If necessary, the linear behavio(u)r that concerns between electric current and the power allows driver to reach performance faster through making electric current pass driver with any direction.

Relation between total moving-mass (for example, armature adds clasp nail in the ejector applications) can be conditioned in design, with the opened/closed speed through selecting correct spring constant to expect.More the spring of rigidity gives the time faster, and multiple current is held open but need more.

Comparison diagram 6d and Fig. 2 d can find out, when the unlatching magnetic force from the armature that first magnetic pole 4 (Fig. 5) breaks away from by spring force combine, through removing magnetic clamping force on second magnetic pole 14 (Fig. 5) when being released, can realize making opening force up to twice.

When temperature reduces; Through increasing total backlash; Short air gap in the magnetic circuit allow to have temperature (for NdFeB be～0.1%/℃) the reversible minimizing of flux of lift magnet carry out temperature-compensating so that the rate of change of biasing flux keeps constant with respect to armature position.It is accomplished through using device (perhaps " separator "), and the pole piece that its setting has the coefficient of expansion lower than armature separates.For example, if armature ratio total backlash t _MaxThick 100 times, then between separator and the armature difference of hot coefficient approximately be set to 0.1%/℃ divided by 100, perhaps 10ppm/ ℃.For example, utilize iron powder armature (iron dust armature), it can be realized through Kovar or alumina spacer spare.Through being attached to the distance piece of pole piece sidepiece, can perhaps can use difference lower in the conductive coefficient by the big total backlash of compensate for slower.For example; Can compensate total (top adds the bottom) flux gap of 100 μ m through following distance piece and pole piece material; Wherein said distance piece has the coefficient of expansion of the 5ppm lower than the coefficient of expansion of armature, and said pole piece material is being attached to the distance that has 20mm between the attachment that is similar to the top pole piece arranged shown in Figure 14 and bottom pole piece.

To understand, can make various modifications for described execution mode before this.These modifications can relate in design, manufacturing and the use of driver and its parts known equivalence with other characteristic, and it can replace characteristic described here to use or except that using the characteristic described here.The characteristic of an execution mode can be replaced by the characteristic of another execution mode or replenish.

For example, spring can comprise two or more springs or other resilient bias unit.Spring can be arranged to armature is biased to other position.For example, armature can be located breech lock at the two ends of advancing of armature.

Driver can be used in the fuel injector of different types, for example, uses the fuel injector of gasoline, diesel oil, compressed petroleum gas, hydrogen or compressed natural gas.For example for

or other catalyst reduction system optionally, driver can be used after handling injector.Fuel injector needs not be clasp nail type injector, but can be pin type injector for example.

Driver need not be used in the injector, but can be used in the automotive pump (automotive pump), to carry for example gasoline, diesel oil, water or lubricant.Driver can be used as the pressure and/or the FLOW CONTROL driver that are used for valve, air-flow or ABS and uses, and wherein valve for example is engine valve, inlet valve and vent valve.

Driver can be used for pumping or control flowing of fluid, and fluid can be gas or fluid.For example, driver can use with pneumatic or hydraulic way.

Driver can be used in the loud speaker or be used as servo tool.

Driver can have up to 100 μ m, up to 200 μ m or up to the stroke of 500 μ m.

Permanent magnet can be positioned in from different distances place, armature center.For example, permanent magnet can be separated into armature and have width or diameter 2.w ₁Interior zone with have width or a diameter w ₂The perimeter.Ratio 2.w ₁/ w ₂Can be between about 1 to 4, and be preferably about 2, make that the flux density of flux density and perimeter of interior zone is roughly the same.Permanent magnet can have ring-type width w _c, and ratio w _c/ w ₁Can be between about 0.2 to 1, and be preferably about 0.5, make magnet occupy few relatively armature.

Permanent magnet and coil can adjoin, for example when permanent magnet be when having the annular permanent-magnet body of inside diameter identical and outer dia with coil.Yet permanent magnet and coil can adjoin substantially, and for example when using four permanent magnets, it can be arranged to so that be positioned on the coil.Armature preferably smooth with the plane, for example circular or oval-shaped dish, perhaps rectangle or polygonal plate or sheet material.

Spring can be processed by the material except steel, for example, has and is at least 150 * 10 ⁹Nm ^-1The material of Young's modulus.

The low k spring that for example applies constant or little power with the form of conventional coil spring can be used to help trim equipment.

Can use other hard and soft magnetic material.For example, the soft magnetism zone of pole piece and armature can by that pile up or that twine, or from rotation fusion ribbon (spin melt ribbon) for example Nanoperm (RTM) the electrical sheet laminate (electrical steel laminate) of twining form.Pole piece can be a lamination.Permanent magnet can be processed by other rare earth material or ferrite.Armature and utmost point magnet both can be used.

In the embodiment that describes a little earlier, coil is maintained in the pole piece, and is fixed thus.Yet in some embodiments, coil can move along with armature.

In some embodiments, can use the one pole of two magnetic poles sheet is provided.

Although in this application; The particular combination to characteristic has proposed claim; But be to be understood that; Scope of the disclosure of the present invention also comprises clearly or characteristics combination or its any summary of any novel features implicitly disclosed herein or any novelty, and though its whether relate to any claim in the identical invention of current claimed invention, no matter and whether it as the present invention and to alleviate any part of constructed problem perhaps whole.Therefore the applicant informs, between the implementation period of any other application that the application is perhaps derived by the application, can propose new claim to these characteristics and/or these combination of features.

Claims

1. short stroke formula solenoid actuator comprises:

At least one pole piece (47,48; 47,81; 100,101; 115; 135,139,140);

Armature (51; 86; 104; 121; 138);

Electromagnet coil (46; 102), it is arranged to cause in response to energising that said armature advances between the primary importance and the second place;

Permanent magnet (52; 84; 105; 119; 136), it is positioned and is oriented and makes when said armature is in the said primary importance and the said second place respectively, and said armature is latched in the said primary importance and the said second place; And

Spring (53; 106; 122; 143), it is arranged and is used to setover said armature, and is configured to enough power is provided so that stop said armature to be latched in the second place.

2. driver according to claim 1, wherein said spring (53; 106; 122; 143) has the 20Ncm of being at least ^-2The spring constant k of * A/t (N/ μ m), wherein A is that unit is cm ²The effective area of pole piece (47,48), be the gap length of μ m and t is a unit between a said armature and a pole piece.

3. driver according to claim 2, wherein said spring (53; 106; 122; 143) has the 40Ncm of being at least ^-2The spring constant k of * A/t.

4. according to claim 2 or 3 described drivers, wherein said effective area A is at 0.2cm ²And 5cm ²Between.

5. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said spring (53; 106; 122; 143) transmit spring force, said spring force has and advances reverse direction.

6. according to each described driver in the claim 1 to 5, wherein said spring (106; 122; 143) comprise bend or one group of bend (89).

7. driver according to claim 6, wherein said bend or each bend (106; 122) be the plate bending portion with length, width and thickness, wherein said length is greater than said thickness, and wherein direct of travel is arranged to the length along said bend.

8. according to each described driver in the claim 1 to 5, wherein said spring (53) comprises the concentric tube bellows, and these concentric tube bellows comprise that first pipe with common axis manages with second, and wherein direct of travel along said axis.

9. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, the length of travel of wherein said armature (51) between the primary importance and the second place is not more than 500 μ m.

10. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, the length of travel of wherein said armature (51) between the primary importance and the second place is not more than 100 μ m.

11. driver according to claim 10, wherein said length of travel is between 20 μ m and 80 μ m.

12. require described stroke type solenoid actuator according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein the width of magnetic pole and/or armature is 10 times of gap length between this armature and this magnetic pole at least.

13. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein the width of magnetic pole and/or armature is 100 times of gap length between this armature and this magnetic pole at least.

14. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein the width of magnetic pole and/or armature is 200 times of gap length between this armature and this magnetic pole at least.

15. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said permanent magnet (52; 108) by said armature (51; 107) support, so that move with armature.

16. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said permanent magnet (74) is supported by pole piece (47,81).

17. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said driver comprises at least two permanent magnets of the either side at the center that is disposed in said armature, this permanent magnet inwardly has or outwards directed magnetization.

18. driver according to claim 17, wherein said permanent magnet has the thickness that is at least 1mm.

19. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said permanent magnet (52; 119) be ring-type.

20. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said coil has ring-type width (w _c), said ring-type width (w _c) be not more than the width (w of magnetic pole ₂) 0.5 times.

21. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, also comprise another solenoid (45).

22. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said at least one pole piece (47,48; 47,81; 100,101; 115) provide along said direct of travel and isolated first magnetic pole and second magnetic pole (117,118), and wherein said armature (51; 86; 104; 121) be disposed between said first magnetic pole and said second magnetic pole (117,118).

23. require described driver according to arbitrary aforesaid right, wherein said at least one pole piece comprises along said direct of travel and isolated first pole piece and second pole piece (47,48; 47,81; 100,101), and wherein said armature (51; 86; 107) be disposed between said first pole piece and said second pole piece.

24. a driver comprises:

At least one pole piece;

Armature;

Electromagnet coil, it is used to cause that said armature advances between the primary importance and the second place;

Permanent magnet, it is configured to make to the said armature of major general and is latched in primary importance; And

Spring, it is arranged and is used to setover said armature.

25. one kind is used to control the equipment (36) that fluid flows, it comprises according to each described driver in the claim 1 to 24.

26. a fuel injector (36), it comprises according to each described driver in the claim 1 to 24.