CN102710838A - Volume regulation method and device as well as electronic equipment - Google Patents
Volume regulation method and device as well as electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102710838A CN102710838A CN2012101247002A CN201210124700A CN102710838A CN 102710838 A CN102710838 A CN 102710838A CN 2012101247002 A CN2012101247002 A CN 2012101247002A CN 201210124700 A CN201210124700 A CN 201210124700A CN 102710838 A CN102710838 A CN 102710838A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a volume regulation method, a volume regulation device and electronic equipment. The volume regulation method comprises the following steps: collecting a voice message emitted from a user, wherein the voice message at least comprises an average volume value; calculating a difference between the average volume value and a stored average normal volume value to obtain a volume rapid change amount under the sub-consciousness of the user; and if the volume rapid change amount is more than or equal to a preset threshold value, controlling to increase the voice frequency output volume. According to the volume regulation method, the volume can be automatically regulated on the basis of the sub-consciousness behavior of the user, and the user experience is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic device field, be specifically related to a kind of volume adjusting method and device, electronic equipment.
Background technology
In various electronic equipments with audio frequency input/output function, it is an indispensable basic function that volume is regulated.Wherein, The volume adjusting method of electronic equipment mainly contains the action induction adjusting that mechanical key is regulated, touch is regulated and combined sensor is technological etc.; These volume adjusting methods all need the user to judge the electronic equipment output volume consciously not satisfy the demands after (can't hear or can not hear clearly like the user), initiatively trigger the volume adjusting through finger again.Especially, if the user is also carrying out other manual operationss (for example driving, computer typewriter, carry weight etc.) in conversation, initiatively trigger volume through finger so and regulate then very inconvenience even can not carry out.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the invention technical problem to be solved provides a kind of volume adjusting method and device, electronic equipment, can realize the automatic adjusting of volume, promotes the user and experiences.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of volume adjusting method on the one hand, comprising:
Gather the voice messaging that the user sends, said voice messaging comprises the average volume value at least;
Calculate the difference of the average normal quantity value of said average volume value and storage, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under said user's subconsciousness;
If said volume Rapid Change amount is more than or equal to predetermined threshold value, then control increases the audio frequency output volume.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of volume adjustment device on the other hand, comprising:
The voice collecting unit is used to gather the voice messaging that the user sends, and said voice messaging comprises the average volume value at least;
Computing unit is used to calculate the difference of the average normal quantity value of said average volume value and cell stores, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under said user's subconsciousness;
Control unit is used in said volume Rapid Change amount during more than or equal to the predetermined threshold value of said cell stores, sends to increase the audio frequency output volume and instruct to audio adaptation unit;
Said audio adaptation unit is used to receive the increase audio frequency output volume commands for controlling increase audio frequency output volume that said control unit sends;
Said memory cell is used to store said average normal quantity value and said predetermined threshold value.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of electronic equipment on the other hand, and said electronic equipment comprises master control set and above-mentioned volume adjustment device, and wherein, said master control set is electrically connected with said volume adjustment device.
In the embodiment of the invention; After collecting the voice messaging that comprises the average volume value at least that the user sends; The difference of average normal quantity value that can calculate above-mentioned average volume value and storage is to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under user's subconsciousness; And in this volume Rapid Change amount during more than or equal to predetermined threshold value, control increases the audio frequency output volume.It is thus clear that the embodiment of the invention does not need the user that electronic equipment is carried out active operation, but behavior realizes the automatic adjusting of output volume according to user's subconsciousness, promotes the user and experiences.The embodiment of the invention is regulated the behavior of user's subconsciousness and volume and is combined, and draws the automatic adjusting of volume through the behavior of user's subconsciousness, makes volume regulate and becomes humanized and intelligent.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use among the embodiment below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work property, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a kind of volume adjusting method of providing of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of a kind of volume adjusting method of providing of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of a kind of volume adjusting method of providing of the embodiment of the invention three;
Fig. 4 is the normal distribution of a kind of predetermined threshold value B of providing of the embodiment of the invention three;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of a kind of volume adjusting method of providing of the embodiment of the invention four;
Fig. 6～Fig. 7 is the structure chart of two kinds of volume adjustment devices providing of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the structure chart of a kind of electronic equipment of providing of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
Embodiment of the invention technical problem to be solved provides a kind of volume adjusting method and device, is used to realize the automatic adjusting of volume, promotes the user and experiences.Below be elaborated respectively.
Embodiment one:
See also Fig. 1, the flow chart of a kind of volume adjusting method that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the invention one.As shown in Figure 1, this volume adjusting method can may further comprise the steps:
101, gather the voice messaging that the user sends, this voice messaging comprises the average volume value at least.
As a kind of optional execution mode, the voice messaging that comprises the average volume value at least that the user sends is gathered in module or unit that the embodiment of the invention can adopt microphone (MIC) or other to have the voice collecting function.
102, calculate the difference of the average normal quantity value of above-mentioned average volume value and storage, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under user's subconsciousness.
Wherein, the volume Rapid Change amount under user's subconsciousness is meant that the electronic equipment audio frequency output volume with audio frequency input/output function is too small and causes the user can't hear or when not hearing, a part of speech volume of that improves under user's subconsciousness.
Wherein, the electronic equipment with audio frequency input/output function includes but not limited to mobile phone, and bluetooth earphone and other have terminal of delivery value or the like.
103, if more than or equal to predetermined threshold value, then controlling, this volume Rapid Change amount increases the audio frequency output volume.
As a kind of optional execution mode, the embodiment of the invention one can also be carried out noise suppressed to audio frequency after increasing the audio frequency output volume, to improve the signal to noise ratio of audio frequency.
As a kind of optional execution mode, the mode of control increase audio frequency output volume can be that the control audio output volume increases at least one level of sound volume in the above-mentioned steps 103; Wherein, the concrete division of level of sound volume is a general knowledge known in those skilled in the art, and the embodiment of the invention is not given unnecessary details.
In the embodiment of the invention one; After collecting the voice messaging that comprises the average volume value at least that the user sends; The difference of average normal quantity value that can calculate this average volume value and storage is to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under user's subconsciousness; And in this volume Rapid Change amount during more than or equal to predetermined threshold value, control increases the audio frequency output volume.It is thus clear that the embodiment of the invention does not need the user that electronic equipment is carried out active operation, but behavior realizes the automatic adjusting of output volume according to user's subconsciousness, promotes the user and experiences.The embodiment of the invention is regulated the behavior of user's subconsciousness and volume and is combined, and draws the automatic adjusting of volume through the behavior of user's subconsciousness, makes volume regulate and becomes humanized and intelligent.
Embodiment two:
See also Fig. 2, the flow chart of the another kind of volume adjusting method that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention two.As shown in Figure 2, this volume adjusting method can may further comprise the steps:
201, gather the voice messaging that the user sends, this voice messaging comprises average volume value and keyword at least.
Wherein, it is too small and cause the user can't hear or when not hearing that the keyword that comprises in the voice messaging that the user sends normally has the electronic equipment audio frequency output volume of audio frequency input/output function, the keyword that sends under user's subconsciousness.For example, the keyword that sends under common user's subconsciousness includes but not limited to " feeding ", " not hearing ", " louder ", " what is said ", " saying again ", " hearing does not have " and " can't hear " or the like.
202, calculate the difference of the average normal quantity value of above-mentioned average volume value and storage, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under user's subconsciousness.
203, judge that whether this volume Rapid Change amount is more than or equal to predetermined threshold value, if then execution in step 204; If then execution in step 205 not.
204, keep the average normal quantity value of storage constant, and execution in step 207.
205, calculate the mean value of the average normal quantity value of above-mentioned average volume value and storage, and the mean value of the average normal quantity value of the more above-mentioned average volume value of average normal quantity value that will store and storage, and execution in step 206.
206, the keyword that above-mentioned voice messaging is comprised and the keyword of storage compare, if it is identical with the keyword that above-mentioned voice messaging comprises to have keyword in the keyword of storage, then execution in step 207; Otherwise, keep the audio frequency output volume constant.
207, control increases the audio frequency output volume.
As a kind of optional execution mode, the embodiment of the invention two can also be carried out noise suppressed to audio frequency after control increases the audio frequency output volume, to improve the signal to noise ratio of audio frequency.
Compare with the embodiment of the invention one; The volume Rapid Change amount of the embodiment of the invention two under judging user's subconsciousness is during less than predetermined threshold value; The keyword that can be further above-mentioned voice messaging be comprised and the keyword of storage compare; And in the keyword of storage, have keyword that keyword and above-mentioned voice messaging comprise when identical, control increase audio frequency output volume.Compare with the embodiment of the invention one, the embodiment of the invention two can improve control and increase the intelligent of audio frequency output volume.The embodiment of the invention two is regulated user's subconsciousness behavior (comprising volume Rapid Change amount and keyword) and volume and is combined, and draws the automatic adjusting of volume through the behavior of user's subconsciousness, makes volume regulate and becomes humanized and intelligent.
Embodiment three:
See also Fig. 3, the flow chart of a kind of volume adjusting method that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention three.In volume adjusting method shown in Figure 3; Can adopt the dynamic circulation detection method to obtain user's average normal quantity value; Promptly can the average normal quantity value of average volume value that collects each time and storage medium stores be compared; And the mean value of selecting to get both values according to the condition of setting is as average normal quantity value An, and the average normal quantity value of storage medium stores is updated to An.The difference of the average normal quantity value of storing through the average volume value and the last time window that calculate in the current time window; And with this difference and preset value B (the B value is for judging the set point of sound volume mutation threshold value) relatively, thereby whether decision is controlled and is increased the audio frequency output volume.And along with the circulation that detects is carried out, the average normal quantity value An that this method obtains will more approach user's practical language volume value.In volume adjusting method shown in Figure 3, can the voice duration be divided into suitable even time window 1～n (n is greater than 1).Wherein, n value size confirm that can obtain through the multisample experimental test, its constraints has: time window can not be excessive, preventing influences Rule of judgment because the volume will sound volume mutation take place to the average of volume in this time window the time drags down; Time window can not be too small, prevents erroneous judgement.
Wherein, the flow process of volume adjusting method shown in Figure 3 is following:
301, in time window n, gather the voice messaging that the user sends, this voice messaging comprises the average volume value A of time window n at least
nAnd keyword.
302, calculate above-mentioned average volume value A
nAverage normal quantity value A with time window n-1 storage
N-1Difference, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under user's subconsciousness.
303, judge that whether this volume Rapid Change amount is more than or equal to predetermined threshold value B, if then execution in step 304; If then execution in step 305 not.
304, the average normal quantity value A that keeps storage
N-1Constant, and execution in step 307.
305, calculate above-mentioned average volume value A
nAverage normal quantity value A with storage
N-1Mean value, and the average normal quantity value A that will store
N-1More above-mentioned average volume value A
nAverage normal quantity value A with storage
N-1Mean value, and execution in step 306.
306, the keyword that above-mentioned voice messaging is comprised and the keyword of storage compare, if it is identical with the keyword that above-mentioned voice messaging comprises to have keyword in the keyword of storage, then execution in step 307; Otherwise, keep the audio frequency output volume constant.
307, control increases the audio frequency output volume.
In the embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned predetermined threshold value B judges whether that the foundation of sudden change appears in volume.Its acquisition can through but be not limited to following two kinds of methods and obtain.
Method one: common people are the not statistical average of the sound decibel difference of conscious raising when can't hear sound.
In method one, predetermined threshold value B is defined as: the user is under the situation of not hearing the audio frequency output volume, and the difference that subconsciousness ground improves volume value and average normal quantity value is defined as predetermined threshold value B.When the difference of user's volume and average normal quantity during, then think to reach the trigger condition that control increases the audio frequency output volume more than or equal to predetermined threshold value B.
Method two: common user is the statistical average of the difference of descant amount and average normal quantity in a minute usually.
In method two, predetermined threshold value B is defined as: the descant amount was defined as predetermined threshold value B with the difference of average normal quantity value when the user conversed usually.When the difference of user's volume and average normal quantity value during, think to reach the trigger condition that control increases the audio frequency output volume more than or equal to predetermined threshold value B.
More than two kinds of methods obtain by statistical average.According to the probability statistics principle, can know if amount is by the result of many small independent random factor affecting, so just can think that this measurer has normal distribution (being Gaussian distribution).As the individual's of sample volume difference (method one: the difference of improper use volume value and average normal quantity value; Method two: the difference of descant value and average normal quantity value during conversation) influenced by various enchancement factors, it is independently each other.So can think the statistical average accord with normal distribution (only mention a kind ofly to meet the modal Distribution Statistics method of nature, but be not limited only to this method) of predetermined threshold value B at this, as shown in Figure 4.
In Fig. 4, can choose some samples, obtain the B value of single sample, can draw out the B primary system index contour of sample colony.Getting an amount of B1 is threshold value, makes B=B1, promptly obtains the required predetermined threshold value B of the embodiment of the invention.Be lower than this partial mass of B1 value, on statistics, be called 5% small probability event.And, introduced this additional measure of keyword contrast in embodiments of the present invention in order to solve this a part of erroneous judgement problem.
The embodiment of the invention three does not need the user that electronic equipment is carried out active operation, but behavior realizes the automatic adjusting of output volume according to user's subconsciousness, promotes the user and experiences.The embodiment of the invention three is regulated the behavior of user's subconsciousness and volume and is combined, and draws the automatic adjusting of volume through the behavior of user's subconsciousness, makes volume regulate and becomes humanized and intelligent.
Embodiment four:
See also Fig. 5, the flow chart of a kind of volume adjusting method that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention four.In volume adjusting method shown in Figure 5, can adopt the Static Detection method to obtain user's average normal quantity value.Wherein, the difference of Static Detection method and dynamic circulation detection method is: increase audition step first, confirmed user's average normal quantity value A by this step.The A value is confirmed in follow-up conversation, no longer adjustment.So to different environment for use or different users, the A value need write once again, promptly needs repetition audition step once.
Wherein, the flow process of volume adjusting method shown in Figure 5 is following:
501, the user is according to speaking volume audition at ordinary times.
502. user's average normal quantity value A write in the storage medium stores.
503, in time window n, gather the voice messaging that the user sends, this voice messaging comprises the average volume value A of time window n at least
nAnd keyword.
In the embodiment of the invention four, the setting of time window is identical with embodiment three.
504, calculate above-mentioned average volume value A
nWith the difference of average normal quantity value A, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under user's subconsciousness.
505, judge that whether this volume Rapid Change amount is more than or equal to predetermined threshold value B, if then execution in step 507; If then execution in step 506 not.
506, the keyword that above-mentioned voice messaging is comprised and the keyword of storage compare, if it is identical with the keyword that above-mentioned voice messaging comprises to have keyword in the keyword of storage, then execution in step 507; Otherwise, keep the audio frequency output volume constant.
507, control increases the audio frequency output volume.
The embodiment of the invention four does not need the user that electronic equipment is carried out active operation, but behavior realizes the automatic adjusting of output volume according to user's subconsciousness, promotes the user and experiences.The embodiment of the invention three is regulated the behavior of user's subconsciousness and volume and is combined, and draws the automatic adjusting of volume through the behavior of user's subconsciousness, makes volume regulate and becomes humanized and intelligent.
Embodiment five:
See also Fig. 6, the structure chart of a kind of volume adjustment device that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention five.Wherein, the volume adjustment device that the embodiment of the invention five provides can be used as a kind of self-contained unit, is used for the output volume of electronic equipment with audio frequency input/output function is regulated; Perhaps, the volume adjustment device that the embodiment of the invention five provides can be used as the newly-increased part of electronic equipment with audio frequency input/output function, is used for the output volume of this electronic equipment is regulated, and the embodiment of the invention does not limit.As shown in Figure 6, this volume adjustment device can comprise:
Please consult Fig. 7, the structure chart of the another kind of volume adjustment device that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention five in the lump.Wherein, volume adjustment device shown in Figure 7 is to be optimized by volume adjustment device shown in Figure 6 to obtain.In volume adjustment device shown in Figure 7, the voice messaging that voice collecting unit 601 collects can further include keyword, and then this volume adjustment device can also comprise:
Correspondingly, audio adaptation unit 604 is used to receive the increase audio frequency output volume commands for controlling increase audio frequency output volume that sends keyword recognition unit 606;
Correspondingly, memory cell 605 also is used for storage key.
As a kind of optional execution mode, volume adjustment device shown in Figure 7 can also comprise:
First updating block 607; Be used in above-mentioned volume Rapid Change amount during less than the predetermined threshold value of memory cell 605 storage; The mean value of the average normal quantity value of the average volume value that the language message that computing voice collecting unit 601 collects comprises and memory cell 605 storages, and with the average normal quantity value of memory cell 605 storages this mean value more.
As a kind of optional execution mode, above-mentioned keyword can include but not limited to " feeding ", " not hearing ", " louder ", " what is said ", " saying again ", " can't hear " and " hearing does not have " etc.
As a kind of optional execution mode, volume adjustment device shown in Figure 7 can also comprise:
As a kind of optional execution mode, audio adaptation unit 604 specifically can be used for the control audio output volume and increase at least one level of sound volume.
The embodiment of the invention five does not need the user that electronic equipment is carried out active operation, but behavior realizes the automatic adjusting of output volume according to user's subconsciousness, promotes the user and experiences.The embodiment of the invention three is regulated the behavior of user's subconsciousness and volume and is combined, and draws the automatic adjusting of volume through the behavior of user's subconsciousness, makes volume regulate and becomes humanized and intelligent.
Embodiment six:
See also Fig. 8, the structure chart of a kind of electronic equipment that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the invention six.As shown in Figure 8, this electronic equipment can comprise master control set 801 and volume adjustment device 802, and wherein, master control set 801 is electrically connected with volume adjustment device 802.
In the embodiment of the invention, the structure of volume adjustment device 802, function all can be with reference to Fig. 6 or the described volume adjustment devices of Fig. 7, and the embodiment of the invention is not repeated.
In the embodiment of the invention, master control set 801 can be a mobile phone, and bluetooth earphone and other have the common mainboard in the terminal of delivery value, control board etc., and the embodiment of the invention is not given unnecessary details.
The described electronic equipment of Fig. 8 can be realized the automatic adjusting of output volume according to the behavior of user's subconsciousness, promotes the user and experiences.The embodiment of the invention six is regulated the behavior of user's subconsciousness and volume and is combined, and draws the automatic adjusting of volume through the behavior of user's subconsciousness, makes volume regulate and becomes humanized and intelligent.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the whole bag of tricks of the foregoing description is to instruct relevant hardware to accomplish through program; This program can be stored in the computer-readable recording medium; Storage medium can comprise: flash disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory; ROM), random access device (Random Access Memory, RAM), disk or CD etc.
More than method, system and equipment that the embodiment of the invention provided have been carried out detailed introduction; Used concrete example among this paper principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that on embodiment and range of application, all can change, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a volume adjusting method is characterized in that, comprising:
Gather the voice messaging that the user sends, said voice messaging comprises the average volume value at least;
Calculate the difference of the average normal quantity value of said average volume value and storage, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under said user's subconsciousness;
If said volume Rapid Change amount is more than or equal to predetermined threshold value, then control increases the audio frequency output volume.
2. volume adjusting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said voice messaging further comprises keyword, and then said method also comprises:
If said volume Rapid Change amount is less than said predetermined threshold value; The keyword that then said voice messaging is comprised and the keyword of storage compare; If it is identical with the keyword that said voice messaging comprises to have keyword in the keyword of said storage, then control increases output volume.
3. volume adjusting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said method also comprises:
Calculate the mean value of the average normal quantity value of said average volume value and said storage;
Mean value with the average normal quantity value of the more said average volume value of average normal quantity value of said storage and said storage.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described volume adjusting methods; It is characterized in that said keyword comprises one or more arbitrarily in " feeding ", " not hearing ", " louder ", " what is said ", " saying again ", " can't hear " and " hearing does not have ".
5. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described volume adjusting methods, it is characterized in that after control increased the audio frequency output volume, said method also comprised:
Said audio frequency is carried out noise suppressed, to improve the signal to noise ratio of said audio frequency.
6. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described volume adjusting methods, it is characterized in that said control increases the audio frequency output volume and comprises:
The control audio output volume increases at least one level of sound volume.
7. a volume adjustment device is characterized in that, comprising:
The voice collecting unit is used to gather the voice messaging that the user sends, and said voice messaging comprises the average volume value at least;
Computing unit is used to calculate the difference of the average normal quantity value of said average volume value and cell stores, to obtain the volume Rapid Change amount under said user's subconsciousness;
Control unit is used in said volume Rapid Change amount during more than or equal to the predetermined threshold value of said cell stores, sends to increase the audio frequency output volume and instruct to audio adaptation unit;
Said audio adaptation unit is used to receive the increase audio frequency output volume commands for controlling increase audio frequency output volume that said control unit sends;
Said memory cell is used to store said average normal quantity value and said predetermined threshold value.
8. volume adjustment device according to claim 7 is characterized in that said voice messaging further comprises keyword, and then said volume adjustment device also comprises:
The keyword recognition unit; Be used in said volume Rapid Change amount during less than said predetermined threshold value; The keyword that said voice messaging is comprised and the keyword of said cell stores compare; If it is identical with the keyword that said voice messaging comprises to have keyword in the keyword of said cell stores, then sends increase audio frequency output volume and instruct to audio adaptation unit;
Said audio adaptation unit is used to receive the increase audio frequency output volume commands for controlling of sending said keyword recognition unit and increases the audio frequency output volume;
Said memory cell also is used for storage key.
9. volume adjustment device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, also comprises:
First updating block; Be used to calculate the mean value of the average normal quantity value of said average volume value and said cell stores, and with the mean value of the average normal quantity value of the more said average volume value of average normal quantity value of said cell stores and said cell stores.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described volume adjustment devices; It is characterized in that said keyword comprises one or more arbitrarily in " feeding ", " not hearing ", " louder ", " what is said ", " saying again ", " can't hear " and " hearing does not have ".
11. according to claim 7,8 or 9 described volume adjustment devices, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
The noise control unit also is used for after said audio adaptation unit control increases the audio frequency output volume, said audio frequency being carried out noise suppressed, to improve the signal to noise ratio of said audio frequency.
12., it is characterized in that said audio adaptation unit specifically is used for the control audio output volume and increases at least one level of sound volume according to claim 7,8 or 9 described volume adjustment devices.
13. an electronic equipment is characterized in that, said electronic equipment comprises master control set and aforesaid right requirement 7～12 each described volume adjustment devices, and wherein, said master control set is electrically connected with said volume adjustment device.
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