A kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric circuit technical field, relate to a kind of charger, particularly relate to a kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine.
Background technology
At present, occurred charger miscellaneous on the market, divided by the step-down rectifier mode; Charger commonly used has two types; One type is with the rectification of rectifier transformer buck diode, mainly is made up of rectifier transformer (ZB) and rectifier (ZL), and its operation principle is as shown in Figure 1; By rectifier transformer (ZB) alternating voltage with load matched is provided, forming pulse direct current through diode rectification is charge in batteries.The transformer that wherein adopts belongs to perceptual equipment, and power factor is low, and power consumption is big; Transformer is an inductive load on the one hand simultaneously, will consume electric network reactive-load when consuming electric network active, and electromagnetic conversion and transformer heating etc. has certain active loss; Charger is bigger in charging initial stage charging current on the other hand, and charging charging current in latter stage is zero basically, adopts this kind charger; Charging current changes from big to small in the whole charging process; Charging effect does not have constant current charge good, is exactly the requirement will consider to satisfy maximum current when disposing rectifier diode the time once more, dispose bigger rectifier cell.Another kind of common charger is to use the controllable silicon step-down rectifier, and its operation principle is as shown in Figure 2, adjusts dc voltage and electric current through the controllable silicon trigger angle.This type of charger energy consumption is big, and when charging, can change the frequency and the waveform of electrical network, produces harmonic wave, wireless device cisco unity malfunctions such as near television set, computer, mobile phone, and high to operative employee's requirement, do not note slightly damaging charger.Above-mentioned two types of chargers are all deposited the higher shortcoming of energy consumption; Especially also there is the defective that has high order harmonic component to pollute to electrical network in the silicon controlled rectifier charger; Simultaneously owing to no no-load protection in the prior art charger and sampling control loop; Often cause protecting imperfection, security performance is relatively poor, and output current is regulated very inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the present invention provide a kind of easy to operate, safe and reliable, energy consumption is little, the Energy-saving electricity charging machine of no-harmonic wave pollution.
The present invention mainly is achieved through following technical scheme:
A kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine; Comprise step-down current stabilization circuit, RCCB and rectifier; RCCB is connected on the live wire and zero line of power supply as battery main switch; Be serially connected on the power firestreak after the electric capacity parallel connection that said step-down current stabilization circuit is not waited by many pool-sizes, the input of said rectifier is connected with the zero-power line of RCCB control and the power firestreak that is in series with the capacitor group of RCCB control respectively, and the output of rectifier is connected on the storage battery to be charged realization and charges.
Further improvement of the present invention, said step-down current stabilization circuit are serially connected on the power firestreak after adopting 4 groups of capacitor C 1 that do not wait capacity, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4 parallel connections.
Of the present inventionly further improve again, the two ends of said capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4 all are parallel with resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4 as discharge resistance.
Further improvement again of the present invention, said rectifier adopts bridge rectifier.
Further improvement again of the present invention, said step-down current stabilization circuit utilizes the switchings of the many groups of universal seclector control electric capacity.
Of the present inventionly further improve again, said charger output is parallel with the no-load protection device, the no-load protection device often to open auxiliary contact A parallelly connected with the RCCB test button.
Further improvement again of the present invention; Said charger output is provided with sampling controller; One end of sampling controller is connected with the charger negative pole of output end; The other end is connected with the positive pole of first storage battery that is filled batteries, the test button parallel connection of often opening auxiliary contact B and RCCB of sampling controller.
Further improvement again of the present invention; Said no-load protection device and sampling controller are formed by diode, triode, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, resistance R 8, capacitor C 5, voltage stabilizing didoe, potentiometer and relay, and just voltage setting value is different, and said resistance R 5, R7 and potentiometer are formed the series connection pressure sampling circuit; Can obtain different sampling voltage value through the adjustment potentiometer; Adopt voltage stabilizing didoe and resistance R 8 that transistor emitter benchmark comparative voltage is provided, when charging voltage reaches set point, the triode saturation conduction; Relay coil gets the electrician and does, thus the operating state of control charger.
Further improvement again of the present invention is in series with overload protective device on the said charger output cathode line, and is parallel with the reversal connection indicator light at the overload protective device two ends.
Further improvement again of the present invention, said charger adopts neon lamp as power supply indicator, and an end of neon lamp is connected with power firestreak, and the other end is connected with the charger shell, the charger earthing of casing.
Further improvement again of the present invention is in series with ammeter on the said charger output cathode line, and the charger output is parallel with voltmeter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following:
1, the present invention utilizes the single-phases full bridge rectifier rectification owing to utilize capacitor to replace the transformer step-down, than single-phase silicon-controlled charger economize on electricity more than 70%, more than 13%, reaches energy-efficient effect than the charger economize on electricity of transformer step-down.
2, the ingenious test button two ends of the present invention with RCCB draw with lead and the no-load protection device often open the auxiliary contact parallel connection, when the no-load protection device detects charger output open circuit; No-load protection device action, it often opens the auxiliary contact closure, the test button of RCCB that has been equivalent to short circuit; Then RCCB tripping operation, Live line Zero line all breaks off simultaneously, and charger and power supply break away from fully; Through neon lamp identification power firestreak and zero line, use as safe as a house.
3, the sampling control circuit of the present invention's employing can detect the voltage that is recharged bottle automatically, when battery voltage rises to certain value, shows that storage battery is full of, and sampling controller is often opened the auxiliary contact closure, leak electricity short-circuit device tripping operation outage.The advantage of this control mode is can not produce the phenomenon that storage battery overcharges, and how many electric weight are recharged bottle needs just fill how many electric weight, can not overcharge, and guarantees the useful life of storage battery.
4, the present invention adopts the element of overload protective device as reverse connecting protection, and when breaking down, overload protective device breaks off, and cuts off output circuit, and fault after getting rid of resets it, can continue again to use.Simultaneously, we in overload protective device two ends parallel connections the reversal connection indicator light, when the storage battery reversal connection, overload protective device breaks off, battery voltage is added on the reversal connection indicator light, the reversal connection indicator light is bright, the indication fault phenomenon.Fault is got rid of, and can use repeatedly after overload protective device resets and need not change.
5, the present invention adopts universal seclector to regulate the charger output current, and easy to adjust, scope is also wide.
6, the present invention adopts neon lamp as power supply indicator, is equivalent on charger, install an electroprobe, and the power firestreak zero line connect rightly when charger was installed, and power supply indicator is shinny, otherwise power supply indicator do not work, and is convenient to the user charger correctly is installed.
7, the present invention has no-power compensation function, and a large amount of the use is equivalent to whole electrical network is carried out large-scale reactive power compensation, can improve power factor of electric network, reduces the loss of voltage, improves the ability that whole electrical network is carried electricity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a rectifier transformer buck diode rectification charging machine schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a controllable silicon step-down rectifier charger schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a circuit structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the present invention circuit structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is no-load protection device of the present invention and sampling controller schematic diagram.
Among the figure: 1-step-down current stabilization circuit, 2-rectifier, 3-universal seclector, 4-RCCB, 5-no-load protection device, 6-sampling controller; The 7-overload protective device, 8-reversal connection indicator light, 9-power supply indicator, 10-voltmeter, 11-ammeter; 12-test button, 13-are often opened auxiliary contact A, and 14-often opens auxiliary contact B, 15-live wire, 16-zero line; The 17-diode, 18-triode, 19-voltage stabilizing didoe, 20-potentiometer, 21-relay.
Embodiment
Further describe technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Like Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4; A kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine; Comprise step-down current stabilization circuit 1, RCCB 4 and rectifier 2; RCCB 4 is connected on the live wire 15 and zero line 16 of power supply as battery main switch; Be serially connected on the power firestreak 15 after the electric capacity parallel connection that said step-down current stabilization circuit 1 is not waited by many pool-sizes, the input of said rectifier 2 is connected with the zero-power line 16 of RCCB 4 controls and the power firestreak that is in series with the capacitor group 15 of RCCB 4 controls respectively, and the output of rectifier 2 is connected on the storage battery to be charged realization and charges.
Further improvement of the present invention, said step-down current stabilization circuit are connected on the power firestreak 15 after adopting 4 groups of capacitor C 1 that do not wait capacity, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4 parallel connections.
Adopting technique scheme, is because the storage battery that only needs 4 groups of electric capacity that do not wait capacity to satisfy different model charges, and reduces the use cost of main element capacitor simultaneously.
Of the present inventionly further improve again, the two ends of said capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4 all are parallel with resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4 as discharge resistance.
Adopting technique scheme, is that the electric charge on the electric capacity bleeds off through discharge resistance because when charger quits work, and accelerates the velocity of discharge, and then improves the charger security performance.
Further improvement again of the present invention, said rectifier 2 adopts bridge rectifiers.
Adopt technique scheme; Be that halfwave rectifier is utilized the unidirectional on state characteristic of diode, is being input as under the situation of standard sine wave because bridge rectifier is a kind of improvement to the diode halfwave rectifier; Output obtains sinusoidal wave just half part, and negative half part then loses.And bridge rectifier is to utilize four diodes, butt joint in twos, and just half part of input sine wave is two conductings by all means; Obtain positive output, during negative half part of input sine wave, two conductings by all means in addition; Because this two is reversal connection by all means,, therefore adopt bridge rectifier that the utilization ratio of input sine wave is doubled than halfwave rectifier so output still obtains sinusoidal wave just half part; Further reach energy-efficient, and simple in structure, more economical.
Further improvement again of the present invention, said step-down current stabilization circuit 1 utilize the switchings of the many groups of universal seclector 3 controls electric capacity.
Adopt technique scheme; Be because utilize universal seclector 3 can change the capacity that drops into electric capacity; To change the output current of charger, satisfy the storage battery charging needs of the specification that varies in size, the electric capacity that the present invention adopts four pool-sizes not wait; Four pairs of universal seclector 3 contacts can adjust 11 grades of output currents that vary in size.
Of the present inventionly further improve again, said charger output is parallel with no-load protection device 5, no-load protection device 5 often open auxiliary contact A13 and 12 parallel connections of RCCB 4 test buttons.
Adopt technique scheme, when no-load protection device 5 detects charger output open circuit, 5 actions of no-load protection device; It is closed that it often opens auxiliary contact A13; The test button 12 of RCCB 4 that has been equivalent to short circuit, then RCCB 4 tripping operations, live wire 15, zero line 16 all break off simultaneously; Charger and power supply break away from fully, and then guarantee the charger safety in utilization
Further improvement again of the present invention; Said charger output is provided with sampling controller 6; One end of sampling controller 6 is connected with the charger negative pole of output end; The other end is connected with the positive pole of first storage battery that is filled batteries, test button 12 parallel connections of often opening auxiliary contact B14 and RCCB 4 of sampling controller 6.
Use technique scheme, when battery voltage rises to certain value, show that storage battery is full of; It is closed that sampling controller 6 is often opened auxiliary contact B14; RCCB 4 tripping operation outage can not produce the storage battery phenomenon of overcharging, thus the useful life of guaranteeing storage battery.
As shown in Figure 5; No-load protection device 5 according to the invention evenly is made up of diode 17, triode 18, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, resistance R 8, capacitor C 5, voltage stabilizing didoe 19, potentiometer 20 and relay 21 with sampling controller 6, and just voltage setting value is different.Said resistance R 5, R7 and potentiometer 20 are formed the series connection pressure sampling circuits; Can obtain different sampling voltage value through adjustment potentiometer 20; Adopt voltage stabilizing didoe 19 and resistance R 8 to provide triode 18 emitter benchmark comparative voltages, when charging voltage reaches set point, triode 18 saturation conductions; Relay 21 coils get the electrician and do, thus the operating state of control charger.
Further improvement again of the present invention is in series with overload protective device 7 on the said charger output cathode line, is parallel with reversal connection indicator light 8 at overload protective device 7 two ends.
Adopt technique scheme, when breaking down, overload protective device 7 breaks off, and cuts off output circuit, and fault after getting rid of resets it, can continue again to use.Simultaneously, in overload protective device 7 two ends parallel connections reversal connection indicator light 8 during when the storage battery reversal connection, overload protective device 7 disconnections, battery voltage is added on the reversal connection indicator light 8, reversal connection indicator light 8 is bright, the indication fault phenomenon.After fault is got rid of, can use repeatedly after overload protective device 7 resets and need not change.
Further improvement again of the present invention, said charger adopts neon lamp as power supply indicator 9, and an end of neon lamp is connected with power firestreak 15, and the other end is connected with the charger shell, the charger earthing of casing.
Adopt technique scheme, be equivalent on charger, install an electroprobe, power firestreak 15 zero lines 16 connect rightly when charger was installed, and power supply indicator 9 is shinny, otherwise power supply indication etc. do not work, and be convenient to the user charger correctly is installed.
Further improvement again of the present invention is in series with ammeter 11 on the said charger output cathode line, and the charger output is parallel with voltmeter 10.
Adopt technique scheme, can read electric current and magnitude of voltage more intuitively through charger through ammeter 11 and voltmeter 10.
Adopting the present technique scheme, is that energy consumption is little, thereby reaches energy-efficient effect because capacitance decompression can reduce to consume electric network active and electric network reactive-load; Adopting capacity voltage dropping circuit simultaneously is a kind of small-sized current circuit, has that volume is little, cost is low, the metastable advantage of electric current; Once more, adopt capacitance decompression, rectifier 2 rectifications can not change the frequency and the waveform of electrical network when charger charges, thereby reduce charger electrical network are produced the high order harmonic component pollution.
No-load protection device and sampling controller each element effect and operating principle thereof:
As shown in Figure 5, resistance R 5, R7 and potentiometer 20 are formed the series connection pressure sampling circuit, can obtain different sampling voltage value through adjustment potentiometer 20, and capacitor C 5 is used for the absorption peak pulse voltage.Diode 17 inverse electromotive force that relay 21 outage moment coils produce that is used to release is with protection triode 18.The action that triode 18 is used for control relay 21 whether.Voltage stabilizing didoe 19 is used to provide triode 18 emitter benchmark comparative voltages with resistance R 8, relay 21 be used for through its action control charger action whether.When charging voltage reached set point, triode 18 saturation conductions, relay 21 coils got the electrician and do, thus the operating state of control charger.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to technical scheme and the described technical scheme of embodiment part in the specification, and all combinations that has utilized step-down current stabilization circuit and rectifier 2 all fall into protection scope of the present invention as the design of charger.