CN102707128A - Circuit and method for acquiring alternating signal based on microcontroller - Google Patents
Circuit and method for acquiring alternating signal based on microcontroller Download PDFInfo
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- CN102707128A CN102707128A CN2012100058944A CN201210005894A CN102707128A CN 102707128 A CN102707128 A CN 102707128A CN 2012100058944 A CN2012100058944 A CN 2012100058944A CN 201210005894 A CN201210005894 A CN 201210005894A CN 102707128 A CN102707128 A CN 102707128A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a circuit and a method for acquiring alternating signals based on a microcontroller. The circuit comprises a microcontroller and an operational amplifier. A non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the alternating signals to be acquired. An inverting end of the operational amplifier is connected with two reference power supplies through a resistor. A relay is connected to an I/O (input/output) interface of the microcontroller. The relay is connected with the two reference power supplies and used for choosing one of the reference power supplies. When the microcontroller with an embedded A/D (analog to digital) converter is used to sample the alternating signals, increasing of A/D digits is not needed, relative accuracy of sampled values can be improved by increasing corresponding circuits, accuracy requirement needed by a system is satisfied, and convenience is brought to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ac signal acquisition circuit and method, belong to electric power signal and gather the field based on microcontroller.
Background technology
In some industrial enterprises, often need to gather the voltage signal of 220V alternating current, so that the quality of monitoring alternating current.The 220V alternating current is embedded with parallel A/D converter in the microcontroller usually, but can only directly gathers direct current signal through still being AC signal behind the voltage transformer (VT).In order to gather AC signal, need handle AC signal.Through behind the voltage transformer (VT), present method adopts amplifier to make totalizer more, so that AC signal is added a positive reference voltage, thereby AC signal is processed into direct current signal, further carries out A/D and gathers.For 8 A/DC, if reference voltage is 5V.Its resolution is q=5/ (2 so
8-1)=and 0.0196V, just its quantization error is q/2=0.0098V.Suppose that dc measurements is 0.2V ~ 4V, the minimum and maximum relative error of measured value appears at respectively near 0.2V and the 4V, and promptly maximum relative error is about 0.0098/0.2=4.9%; Minimum relative error is about 0.0098/4=0.245%; It is thus clear that analog value is more little, relative error is big more; Just relative accuracy is low more, and relative accuracy is more little in other words.Usually, in order to guarantee the computational accuracy of parameters of electric power, in a signal period, need gather 256 points at least, and 256 points has bigger voltage range.Yet the figure place of the embedded A/D converter of microcontroller confirms that the figure place of A/D converter has determined the precision of acquired signal, but the relative accuracy of 256 points differs bigger.In reality, it often happens that for we, and system's microcontroller has been selected 8 microcontroller for use; Its 8 embedded A/D converters can't satisfy the relative accuracy requirement of system; And 9 A/D converter could satisfy the relative accuracy requirement of system, and it is to extend out high-precision A/D converter that present solution has, and the result who does like this is that hardware circuit design is complicated; Reading and writing data software is complicated, and cost improves.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is under the situation that does not change the inner A/D converter of microcontroller, to improve the precision of ac signal acquisition, make the relative accuracy requirement of satisfying system.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above a kind of ac signal acquisition circuit based on microcontroller is provided; Comprise microcontroller and operational amplifier; The in-phase input end of described operational amplifier links to each other with AC signal to be collected through a voltage transformer (VT), and inverting input links to each other with a switch through a resistance, and this switch links to each other with the two-way reference power supply; The output terminal of operational amplifier links to each other with the A/D sample port of microcontroller; Be connected with relay on micro controller I/O mouth, this relay and described switch are used and the two-way reference power supply are selected.
A road relatively large power supply of magnitude of voltage is to obtain through the in-phase input end that a road less power supply is connected into a homophase operational amplifier in the described two-way reference power supply.
Be connected with rc filter circuit between the A/D sample port of described operational amplifier output terminal and microprocessor.
The present invention has also proposed a kind of Sampling Method of AC Signal based on microcontroller for solving above-mentioned technology, and the step of this method is following:
1). AC signal to be collected is processed into the small magnitude AC signal;
2). according to the figure place of microcontroller A/D sampling with the accuracy requirement that will reach and obtain the small magnitude AC signal two-way reference power supply is set;
3). the small magnitude AC signal that obtains is connected into the A/D sample port of microcontroller through amplifying circuit;
4). the accurate power supply of a roadbed in the two-way reference power supply is connected into the inverting input of in-phase proportion amplifying circuit through resistance,, and is connected into less reference power supply when initial so that raise the voltage reference of this discharge circuit;
5). utilize micro controller I/O mouth control to be connected into the reference power supply of amplifying circuit, to obtain meeting the sampled signal of accuracy requirement.
The detailed process of described step 4) is in case the AC signal amplitude of gathering during more than or equal to the reference power supply that is connected in the amplifying circuit, and microcontroller continues the acquired signal data, and in case during less than the less reference power supply magnitude of voltage that is connected into; Then microcontroller sends control signal through the I/O mouth; To be connected into the amplifying circuit reference power supply and break off, the big reference power supply that another road is not connected into amplifying circuit is linked in the amplifying circuit, continues image data; And in case during more than or equal to the big reference power supply that is connected into; Then microcontroller sends control signal through the I/O mouth, will be connected into the amplifying circuit reference power supply and break off, and the less reference power supply that another road is not connected into amplifying circuit is linked in the amplifying circuit; Continue image data, repeat said process and obtain satisfactory AC signal.
A road relatively large power supply of magnitude of voltage is to obtain through the in-phase input end that a road less power supply is connected into a homophase operational amplifier in the described two-way reference power supply.
Be connected with rc filter circuit between the A/D sample port of the output terminal of described amplifying circuit and microprocessor, be used for the signal of sampling is carried out Filtering Processing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: when using the embedded A/D converter of microcontroller, do not increase the A/D figure place,, just improved the relative accuracy of A/D conversion only through increasing analog switch and related circuit, very easy to use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is of the present invention a kind of based on the ac signal acquisition circuit diagram in the ac signal acquisition embodiment of circuit of microcontroller;
Fig. 2 be the present invention a kind of based among the Sampling Method of AC Signal embodiment of microcontroller workflow diagram.
Embodiment
Further specify below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
A kind of ac signal acquisition embodiment of circuit
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of ac signal acquisition circuit based on microcontroller comprises: microcontroller, amplifier N1, relay, amplifier N2, voltage transformer (VT), capacitor C 1 and resistance R 1 are to R6; 220V AC signal to be sampled passes through voltage transformer (VT) is connected amplifier N1 with resistance R 1 in-phase input end, and the inverting input of amplifier N1 links to each other with the output terminal of relay with reference power supply 3.1V and amplifier N2 through resistance R 2, and the output terminal of amplifier N1 links to each other with the A/D port of microcontroller through the filter unit that R6 and C1 constitute; The relay control end links to each other with micro controller I/O; The in-phase input end of amplifier N2 links to each other with reference power supply 3.1V through resistance R 3, and inverting input links to each other through resistance R 5 between inverting input and the output terminal through resistance R 5 ground connection; Constitute negative feedback; Resistance R 1, R2 and R3 are identical, and R4 is identical with R5, and amplifier N2 obtains 4.65V from reference power supply 3.1V; Voltage transformer (VT) is processed into the 220V AC signal-the small magnitude AC signal of 1.55V ~ 1.55V; Amplifier N1 end of oppisite phase is connected to reference power supply 3.1V through resistance R 2, further handles the small magnitude direct current signal that obtains, and after filtering, gives microcontroller and carry out the AD sampling.For improving relative accuracy, the programs executed by microcontroller flow process is following:
When initial, microcontroller is through I/O mouth pilot relay, the less reference power supply 3.1V of gating;
In case the AC signal amplitude of gathering is more than or equal to 3.1V; Microcontroller continues to gather voltage data; And in case less than 3.1V, then microcontroller sends control signal through the I/O mouth, drives the relay adhesive; Amplifier N1 end of oppisite phase is connected to reference power supply 4.65V through resistance R 2, continues image data;
In case the AC signal amplitude of gathering is less than 4.65V; Microcontroller continues to gather voltage data; And in case more than or equal to 4.65V, then microcontroller sends control signal through the I/O mouth, drives relay and breaks off; Amplifier N1 end of oppisite phase is connected to reference power supply 3.1V through resistance R 2, continues image data;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, realize the collection of AC signal.
Suppose relay under powering-off state, the 3.1V reference power supply is connected to the inverting input mouth of amplifier N1 through resistance R 2.In master routine, the relay adhesive is set is masked as global variable Jdq, and make that its initial value is 0.Start regularly and interrupt, suppose that the 220V AC signal cycle is 1/50=0.02s=20ms, so be 20/255 ≈ 0.0784ms interrupt cycle.
A kind of embodiment of Sampling Method of AC Signal
The concrete steps of this Sampling Method of AC Signal are following:
1. utilize voltage transformer (VT) 220V AC signal to be collected to be processed into-the small magnitude AC signal of 1.55V ~ 1.55V.
According to 8 of the figure places of microcontroller A/D sampling with the accuracy requirement that will reach and obtain the small magnitude AC signal two-way reference power supply 3.1V and 4.65V are set.
3. the small magnitude AC signal that obtains is connected into the A/D sample port of microcontroller through amplifying circuit; The accurate power supply of a roadbed in the two-way reference power supply is connected into the inverting input of in-phase proportion amplifying circuit through resistance; So that raise the voltage reference of this discharge circuit; And be connected into less reference power supply when initial; This amplifying circuit is amplifier N1; The in-phase input end of amplifier N1 is connected in the 220V AC signal to be sampled through resistance R 1 and voltage transformer (VT), and the inverting input of amplifier N1 links to each other with the output terminal of relay with reference power supply 3.1V and amplifier N2 through resistance R 2, and the output terminal of amplifier N1 links to each other with the A/D port of microcontroller with the filter unit that C1 constitutes through R6; The relay control end links to each other with micro controller I/O, and the in-phase input end of amplifier N2 links to each other with reference power supply 3.1V through resistance R 3 and is used for obtaining 4.65V from reference power supply 3.1V.
4. utilize micro controller I/O mouth control to be connected into the reference power supply of amplifying circuit, to obtain meeting the sampled signal of accuracy requirement.In case the AC signal amplitude of gathering is more than or equal to 3.1V; Microcontroller continues to gather voltage data; And in case less than 3.1V, then microcontroller sends control signal through the I/O mouth, drives the relay adhesive; Amplifier N1 end of oppisite phase is connected to reference power supply 4.65V through resistance R 2, continues image data; In case the AC signal amplitude of gathering is less than 4.65V; Microcontroller continues to gather voltage data; And in case more than or equal to 4.65V, then microcontroller sends control signal through the I/O mouth, drives relay and breaks off; Amplifier N2 end of oppisite phase is connected to reference power supply 3.1V through resistance R 2, continues image data.
Fig. 2 has provided the interrupt routine flow process of gathering analog value, and details are as follows now:
In step 201, get into timer interrupt routine, keep the scene intact;
In step 202, microcontroller is gathered analog quantity through embedded A/D converter;
In step 203, analog value is stored in the storage space of setting;
In step 204, if variable Jdq=0, then execution in step 205, otherwise execution in step 207;
In step 205, whether < if 3.1V is < 3.1V, execution in step 206, not this execution in step 209 for test A/>D transformation result;
In step 206, microcontroller sends the attracting electric relay instruction, and makes Jdq=1, and execution in step 209 then;
In step 207, whether test the A/D transformation result >=4.65V, if >=4.65V, execution in step 208, not this execution in step 209;
In step 208, microcontroller sends and breaks off the relay instruction, and makes Jdq=0;
In step 209, recover on-the-spot, withdraw from timer interrupt routine.
Through above step, for amplifier N1, if its inverting input is connected to 3.1V through resistance, then it is output as the in-phase end input voltage and adds 3.1V, so its output voltage is 1.55V ~ 4.65V, its maximum relative error is about 0.0098/1.55=0.63%; In order its precision to be increased to the precision of 9 A/D; Voltage input for 1.55V ~ 3.1V; If its inverting input is connected to reference power supply 4.65V through resistance; Then it is output as the in-phase end input voltage and adds 4.65V, so its output voltage is 3.1V ~ 4.65V, its maximum relative error is about 0.0098/3.1=0.32%; And if A/D converter is 9, its quantization unit q is 1.61mV (5V/511 ≈ 0.0098V), and quantization error is q/2=0.0049V, and the relative accuracy of sampling minimum value 1.55V is about 0.0049/1.55 ≈ 0.32%.After treatment just, the relative accuracy of ac signal acquisition has reached the precision of 9 A/D.
Among the embodiment of the present invention, the reference power supply that provides is 3.1V and 4.65V, and these two values are to require to set according to relative accuracy, and the amplifier enlargement factor can be through the control of adjustment resistance.Concrete situation of change and embodiment roughly the same repeat no more.
Claims (7)
1. ac signal acquisition circuit based on microcontroller; Comprise microcontroller and operational amplifier; It is characterized in that: the in-phase input end of described operational amplifier links to each other with AC signal to be collected through a voltage transformer (VT), and inverting input links to each other with a switch through a resistance, and this switch links to each other with the two-way reference power supply; The output terminal of operational amplifier links to each other with the A/D sample port of microcontroller; Be connected with relay on micro controller I/O mouth, this relay and described switch are used for the two-way reference power supply is selected.
2. the ac signal acquisition circuit based on microcontroller according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: a road less relatively power supply of magnitude of voltage is provided by the outside in the described two-way reference power supply, and a road bigger power supply of magnitude of voltage is to obtain through the in-phase input end that a road less power supply is connected into a homophase operational amplifier.
3. the ac signal acquisition circuit based on microcontroller according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: be connected with rc filter circuit between the A/D sample port of described operational amplifier output terminal and microprocessor.
4. Sampling Method of AC Signal based on microcontroller, it is characterized in that: the step of this Sampling Method of AC Signal is following:
1). AC signal to be collected is processed into the small magnitude AC signal;
2). according to the figure place of microcontroller A/D sampling with the accuracy requirement that will reach and obtain the small magnitude AC signal two-way reference power supply is set;
3). the small magnitude AC signal that obtains is connected into the A/D sample port of microcontroller through amplifying circuit;
4). the accurate power supply of a certain roadbed in the two-way reference power supply is connected into the inverting input of in-phase proportion amplifying circuit through resistance, so that raise the voltage reference of this discharge circuit;
5). utilize micro controller I/O mouth control to be connected into the reference power supply of amplifying circuit, to obtain meeting the sampled signal of accuracy requirement.
5. the Sampling Method of AC Signal based on microcontroller according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: the detailed process of described step 4) is in case the AC signal amplitude of gathering during more than or equal to the reference power supply that is connected in the amplifying circuit; Microcontroller continues the acquired signal data, and in case during less than a certain reference power supply that is connected into, then microcontroller sends control signal through the I/O mouth; To be connected into the amplifying circuit reference power supply breaks off; The reference power supply that another road is not connected into amplifying circuit is linked in the amplifying circuit, continues image data, repeats said process and obtains satisfactory ac signal acquisition.
6. the Sampling Method of AC Signal based on microcontroller according to claim 5 is characterized in that: a road relatively large power supply of magnitude of voltage is that the in-phase input end of phase ratio operational amplification circuit obtains through being connected into a road less power supply together in the described two-way reference power supply.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described Sampling Method of AC Signal based on microcontroller; It is characterized in that: be connected with rc filter circuit between the A/D sample port of the output terminal of described amplifying circuit and microprocessor, be used for the signal of sampling is carried out Filtering Processing.
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| CN201210005894.4A CN102707128B (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2012-01-10 | A kind of ac signal acquisition circuit based on microcontroller and method |
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| CN103604982A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | PXI micro-current detection device |
| WO2015085469A1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | 吉瑞高新科技股份有限公司 | System and method for detecting power supply voltage and power supply system |
| CN106597078A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-04-26 | 王海燕 | Single-chip-microcomputer-based automatic measurement system design of wide-range voltage signal |
| CN106707012A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | AC signal acquisition circuit |
| CN109406863A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 常熟开关制造有限公司(原常熟开关厂） | A kind of ac parameter detection method and device of low-cost and high-precision |
| CN109839127A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安航空计算技术研究所 | A kind of airborne proximity sensor Acquisition Circuit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103604982A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | PXI micro-current detection device |
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| WO2015085469A1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | 吉瑞高新科技股份有限公司 | System and method for detecting power supply voltage and power supply system |
| CN106597078A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-04-26 | 王海燕 | Single-chip-microcomputer-based automatic measurement system design of wide-range voltage signal |
| CN106707012A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | AC signal acquisition circuit |
| CN109839127A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安航空计算技术研究所 | A kind of airborne proximity sensor Acquisition Circuit |
| CN109839127B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2021-04-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安航空计算技术研究所 | Airborne proximity sensor acquisition circuit |
| CN109406863A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 常熟开关制造有限公司(原常熟开关厂） | A kind of ac parameter detection method and device of low-cost and high-precision |
| CN109406863B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-09-01 | 常熟开关制造有限公司(原常熟开关厂） | Low-cost high-precision alternating current parameter detection method and device |
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