Background technology
In high-level oxidation technology, like O
3, O
3/ H
2O
2, Fenton (Fenton), UV, UV/O
3, UV/H
2O
2, O
3/ UV/H
2O
2, the Fenton method has advantages such as speed of response is fast, simple and easy to operate, because Fenton reagent has extremely strong oxidation capacity, is specially adapted to the degraded and the mineralising of the organic pollutant that bio-refractory or general chemical oxidation be difficult to take effect.Usually the Fenton method is the homogeneous catalysis oxidation style, with H
2O
2Be oxygenant, Fe
2+Or Fe
3+Be catalyzer, Fe in water
2+Or Fe
3+With H
2O
2Effect produces the hydroxyl radical free radical of strong oxidation, can cause Kettenreaktion at normal temperatures, and the organism of difficult degradation in the waste water from dyestuff finally is oxidized to CO
2, H
2O and other small molecules inorganics.Yet the ferrous ion in the Fenton reagent is dissolved in that facile hydrolysis becomes ferrous hydroxide in the water, thereby loses katalysis, has reduced the transformation efficiency of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radical free radical, causes oxidation capacity to reduce, and the hydrogen peroxide utilization ratio is low.Therefore, handling certain density waste water from dyestuff needs a large amount of reagent dosages, causes increase (1.I.K.Konstantinou, T.A.Albanis, the TiO of dye wastewater treatment cost
2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution:kinetic and mechanistic investigations A review.Appl.Catal., B:Environ.49 (2004) 1-14).
Photochemical catalysis is a kind of heterogeneous oxidation technology, and it is the oxidising process under semi-conductor exists.TiO
2Be a kind of maximum photocatalyst of studying and use, particularly utilize the TiO of anonizing in the preparation of Ti metal substrate surface
2Nano-tube array has particular structural and characteristic, is superior to powder TiO having demonstrated some aspect the photocatalytic degradation pollutent
2The performance of photocatalyst (2.J.M.Macak, M.Zlamal, J.Krysa, P.Schmuki, Self-organized TiO
2Nanotube layers as highly efficient photocatalysts.Small, 2007,3,300; 3.H.F.Zhuang; C.J.Lin; Y.K.Lai, L.Sun, J.Li.Some critical structure factors of titanium oxide nanotube array in its photocatalytic activity.Environ.Sci.& Technol.; 2007,41:4735-4740).Yet, TiO
2The light induced electron of nano-tube array and the recombination rate in hole are still higher, and photocatalytic activity is low, have limited its practical application in photocatalysis field.To TiO
2Nano-tube array is modified, modification becomes one of focal issue of research.The material that Fe is a kind of cheapness, be easy to get, existing research shows, at TiO
2A spot of Fe mixes in the nano-tube array
3+Perhaps use Fe
2O
3Nano particle carries out sensitization to it can prolong the right life-span of light induced electron-hole, improves TiO
2Quantum yield (4.L.Sun, J.Li, C.L.Wang, S.F.Li, C.J.Lin.An electrochemical strategy of doping Fe
3+Into TiO
2Nanotube array films for enhancement in UV photocatalytic activity.Sol.Energy Mater.& Sol.Cells, 2009,93:1875-1880; 5.A.I.Kontos, V.Likodimos, T.Stergiopoulos, D.S.Tsoukleris, P.Falaras, I.Rabias, G.Papavassiliou, D.Kim, J.Kunze, P.Schmuki, Self-organized anodic TiO
2Nanotube arrays functionalized by iron oxide nanoparticles, Chem.Mater.21 (2009) 662-672).But these methods are to TiO
2The effect that the nano-tube array photocatalytic activity improves is still very limited.
It is to improve one of the efficiency of light energy utilization of photocatalyst and most effectual way of speed of reaction at present that high-level oxidation technology is combined with photocatalysis technology.In order to address the above problem, with Fe
3+Mix or Fe
2O
3The TiO of sensitization
2The photochemical catalysis of nano-tube array organically combines with the Fenton oxidation, can reach efficiently, the purpose of decomposing organic pollutant apace.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for a kind of nano composite photo-catalyst coupling class-Fenton dye wastewater treatment using.
Technical scheme of the present invention is with Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nano-tube array is a photocatalyst, in the light-catalyzed reaction system, and Fe
2O
3Lysate (Fe in acidic solution
3+) with the H that adds
2O
2Constitute class-Fenton system, utilize Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The organic pollutant of difficult degradation in the photocatalysis of nano-tube array and decomposition of the strong oxidation of class-Fenton and the mineralized water.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) with the surface preparation of Ti plate, preparation contains the solution of fluorion, is anode with the Ti plate, and platinized platinum is a counter electrode, after the anodic oxidation, obtains unformed TiO structurally ordered, controllable size on Ti plate surface
2Nano-tube array photocatalyst, i.e. Ti base TiO
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst;
2) preparation Fe (NO
3)
3The aqueous solution, constant temperature to solution becomes reddish-brown by little xanthochromia in the water-bath, with the Ti base TiO for preparing in the step 1)
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst immerses Fe (NO
3)
3Ultrasonic in the aqueous solution, dry post-heat-treated obtains Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst;
3) with step 2) Ti that obtains base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into the reactor drum that waste water from dyestuff is housed, to wherein adding H
2O
2, the pH of regulator solution is 2~10, is light source with the spherical mercury lamp, under logical oxygen condition, carries out photocatalytic degradation of dye waste water;
4) with Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst takes out, and reuses after the water ultrasonic cleaning.
In step 1), said the surface preparation of Ti plate can be mechanical grinding to no marking and ultrasonic cleaning is clean with Ti plate surface; Said anodised condition can be: anodic oxidation 0.5~10h under the voltage of 10~50V.
In step 2) in, said Fe (NO
3)
3The concentration of the aqueous solution can be 0.01~0.1mmolL
-1The temperature of said water-bath can be 50 ℃; The said ultransonic time can be 3~120min; Said heat treated condition can be 500 ℃ of thermal treatment 2h in retort furnace.
In step 3), the add-on of said waste water from dyestuff can be 200mL, and the concentration of said waste water from dyestuff can be 0~200mgL
-1Said adding H
2O
2Concentration can be 0.1~4.0mmolL
-1
The principle that the present invention adopts is: on the one hand, under UV-irradiation, TiO
2Electronics on the valence band is excited, and produces hole and electronics, the redox degradation of dye waste water; On the other hand, TiO
2The Fe of nano-tube array surface attachment
2O
3Dissolving under acidic conditions generates Fe
3+With the H that adds
2O
2Constitute class-Fenton system, finally Synergistic degradation waste water from dyestuff effectively.Its reaction process is following:
Fe
2O
3+H
+→Fe
3++H
2O (2)
Fe
3++e
-→Fe
2+ (3)
H
2O
2+e
-→·OH+OH
- (4)
H
2O
2+Fe
2+→Fe
3++·OH+OH
- (6)
H
2O
2+e
-→·OH+OH
- (7)
RH (organism)+OH → H
2O+R (midbody) → further is oxidized to degradable product (8)
Owing to adopt technique scheme, so the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is with Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The photocatalysis of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst and H
2O
2The advanced oxidation effect of reagent combines, and has improved Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is to the photocatalysis treatment efficient of waste water from dyestuff.
(2) the present invention has overcome the deficiency that single method exists in dye wastewater treatment using, has reduced H
2O
2Reagent dosage has reduced the processing cost of waste water from dyestuff, has improved the efficient of photocatalysis treatment waste water from dyestuff.
(3) base of the Ti among the present invention Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst good stability has environmental protection, efficient, reusable characteristics.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) base material is thick 2mm, is of a size of the industrial Ti plate of 2cm * 3cm, polished to no marking with abrasive paper for metallograph in its surface, and clean with acetone, ethanol and three water ultrasonic cleaning, dry for use.The electrolytic solution of preparation 0.5wt% HF is anode with industrial Ti plate at room temperature, is counter electrode with platinum, electrochemical anodic oxidation 1h under 30V voltage, and thermal treatment 2h under 500 ° of C promptly obtains orderly TiO on industrial Ti plate surface again
2Nano-tube array photocatalyst, i.e. Ti base TiO
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst.
(2) Ti base TiO
2Nano-tube array photocatalyst for degrading waste water from dyestuff.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulation system pH value is 6.5, puts into titanium base TiO again
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst.Reaction is initially at bubbling air under the dark attitude, stirs 30min, reaches the adsorption desorption balance, is that light source carries out illumination with 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp then, and every separated 30min extracts water sample, measures the variation of system absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Fig. 1 is given in pH=6.5,200mL concentration is 50mg L
-1Dye solution in various assembly catalyze modes to the degradation rate of dyestuff, Ti base Fe wherein
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst all is that ultrasonic 25min is obtained, the H of adding
2O
2Amount of reagent is 0.375mmol.
Embodiment 2
H
2O
2Degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, adds 0.125mmol H
2O
2, degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 30min then, measures the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 3
H
2O
2Degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2, degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 30min then, measures the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 4
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base TiO
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, with Ti base TiO
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst is put into waste water from dyestuff, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min, reaches adsorption equilibrium, and degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage ball type mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 30min then, measures the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 5
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe (NO of preparation 0.01M
3)
3The aqueous solution, constant temperature 20min becomes reddish-brown by little xanthochromia to solution in 50 ° of C water-baths, with Ti base TiO of preparation in (1)
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst immerses Fe (NO
3)
3Ultrasonic 15min in the aqueous solution takes out back normal temperature seasoning, and is subsequent use behind 500 ° of C calcining 2h in retort furnace then.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, with the Ti base Fe that obtains in (2)
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into waste water from dyestuff, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min, reaches adsorption equilibrium, and degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 30min then, measures the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 6
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The preparation of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is with embodiment 6.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, with the resulting Ti base of ultrasonic 25min in (2) Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein.Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min, reaches adsorption equilibrium, and degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 20min then, measures the variation of system absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 7
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe (NO of preparation 0.01M
3)
3Solution, 50 ° of C constant temperature water bath 20min to solution by little xanthochromia reddish-brown, with Ti base TiO of preparation in (1)
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst immerses Fe (NO
3)
3Ultrasonic 25min in the solution takes out back normal temperature seasoning, and is subsequent use behind 500 ° of C calcining 2h in retort furnace then.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, with the resulting Ti base of ultrasonic 25min in (2) Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein, adds 0.125mmol H
2O
2Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min, reaches adsorption equilibrium, and degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 30min then, measures the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 8
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe (NO of preparation 0.01M
3)
3Solution, 50 ° of C constant temperature water bath 20min to solution by little xanthochromia reddish-brown, with Ti base TiO of preparation in (1)
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst immerses Fe (NO
3)
3Ultrasonic 25min in the solution takes out back normal temperature seasoning, and is subsequent use behind 500 ° of C calcining 2h in retort furnace then.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, with the resulting Ti base of ultrasonic 25min in (2) Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min, reaches adsorption equilibrium, and degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 30min then, measures the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 9
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The preparation of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is with embodiment 6.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, adds 3.75mmol H
2O
2, with the resulting Ti base of ultrasonic 25min in (2) Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein.Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min, reaches adsorption equilibrium, and degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 20min then, measures the variation of system absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 10
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe (NO of preparation 0.01M
3)
3Solution, 50 ° of C constant temperature water bath 20min to solution by little xanthochromia reddish-brown, with Ti base TiO of preparation in (1)
2The nano-tube array photocatalyst immerses Fe (NO
3)
3Ultrasonic 90min in the solution takes out back normal temperature seasoning, and is subsequent use behind 500 ° of C calcining 2h in retort furnace then.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating the pH value is 6.5, with the resulting Ti base of ultrasonic 90min in (2) Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min, reaches adsorption equilibrium, and degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp whenever extracts water sample at a distance from 30min then, measures the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtains the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 11
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The preparation of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is with embodiment 6.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2, regulating the pH value is 10, and ultrasonic 25min in (2) is obtained Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein; Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min; Reach adsorption equilibrium, degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp is every at a distance from 30min extraction water sample then; Measure the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtain the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 12
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The preparation of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is with embodiment 6.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2, regulating the pH value is 3, and ultrasonic 25min in (2) is obtained Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein; Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min; Reach adsorption equilibrium, degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp is every at a distance from 30min extraction water sample then; Measure the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtain the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 13
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The preparation of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is with embodiment 6.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 50mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, and regulating pH value is 3, the basic Fe of Ti that ultrasonic 25min in (2) is obtained
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein; Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min; Reach adsorption equilibrium, degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp is every at a distance from 30min extraction water sample then; Measure the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtain the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 14
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The preparation of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is with embodiment 6.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 10mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2, regulating the pH value is 3, and ultrasonic 25min in (2) is obtained Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein; Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min; Reach adsorption equilibrium, degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp is every at a distance from 30min extraction water sample then; Measure the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtain the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Embodiment 15
(1) Ti base TiO
2The preparation of nano-tube array photocatalyst is with embodiment 1.
(2) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The preparation of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is with embodiment 6.
(3) Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is worked in coordination with H
2O
2The reagent degradation of dye waste water.With 200mL, 150mg L
-1Waste water from dyestuff places reactor drum, adds 0.375mmol H
2O
2, regulating the pH value is 3, and ultrasonic 25min in (2) is obtained Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2Nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst is put into wherein; Reaction is initially under the dark attitude stirs 30min; Reach adsorption equilibrium, degradation of dye waste water under the irradiation of 200W ultra-high voltage spherical mercury lamp is every at a distance from 30min extraction water sample then; Measure the variation of waste water from dyestuff absorbancy, obtain the degradation rate of waste water from dyestuff.
Each embodiment parameter and degradation rate are referring to table 1.
Table 1 embodiment parameter and degradation rate
Method characteristics involved in the present invention are: make full use of Ti base Fe
2O
3/ TiO
2The photocatalysis of nanotube array composite photochemical catalyst and Fe
2O
3Be dissolved in the Fe in the acidic solution
3+With add H
2O
2Organic pollutant in the oxygenizement Synergistic degradation waste water from dyestuff of reagent formation class-Fenton system has overcome the deficiency that single method exists in degradation of dye waste water, reduced H
2O
2Reagent dosage has reduced the processing cost of waste water from dyestuff, has improved the photocatalysis treatment efficient of waste water from dyestuff, has very high practical value, is a kind of environmental protection, dye wastewater treatment technology efficiently.