CN102695862B - 涡轮发动机推进单元的流体冷却装置 - Google Patents
涡轮发动机推进单元的流体冷却装置 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
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- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
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- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/026—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants comprising different types of power plants, e.g. combination of a piston engine and a gas-turbine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
- B64D33/08—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of power plant cooling systems
- B64D33/10—Radiator arrangement
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- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/06—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas
- F02C6/08—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas the gas being bled from the gas-turbine compressor
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- F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
- F02K1/46—Nozzles having means for adding air to the jet or for augmenting the mixing region between the jet and the ambient air, e.g. for silencing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
- F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
- F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
- F02K3/072—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with counter-rotating, e.g. fan rotors
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- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
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- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
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- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
- B64D33/02—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
- B64D2033/0266—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of power plants
- B64D2033/0286—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of power plants for turbofan engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
- F05D2220/325—Application in turbines in gas turbines to drive unshrouded, high solidity propeller
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0077—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for tempering, e.g. with cooling or heating circuits for temperature control of elements
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种桨扇式飞行器推进器的流体冷却装置(1),包括涡轮发动机(8)的空气压缩机的压缩空气入口(11),可将抽吸的压缩空气输送至冷却器(14)的空气通道(13),及将润滑剂的热量传递到冷却器的装置,所述冷却器(14)包括矩阵体(15),该矩阵体配置有多个容纳冷却剂的管道(20),所述管道(20)从称为内表面的第一表面(17)延伸至矩阵体(15)的称为外表面的第二表面(16),这样抽吸的压缩空气可作为冷却剂通过矩阵体(15),冷却器(14)的矩阵体(15)形成推进器的外蒙皮(6)的一部分;以及从外表面(16)延伸至推进器外部的翅片(18)组,当飞行器飞行时,该翅片组取向为基本平行于气流方向(X)的方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及航空设备领域,具体是热耗散系统,更具体地说是具有涡轮发动机的飞行器推进器的热耗散器。
大量的飞行器推进器包括涡轮发动机,例如桨扇式推进器,其中所述涡轮发动机驱动两个反向旋转的旋翼。
在所述推进器中,变速箱(在涡轮发动机轴和旋翼之间传动)将涡轮发动机产生的机械能传送至旋翼。
虽然具有较高的效率,该变速箱将该推进器产生的一部分能量通过摩擦转化为热量,该热量被特别地传送至变速箱中的润滑剂中。
另外,涡轮发动机自身主要由机械摩擦产生大量的热耗散,其途径是通过润滑剂。
背景技术
这些热应当向外部环境耗散以便冷却桨扇。
已经发展了多种执行冷却的方案。
第一种方案,其与涡轮风扇发动机的现有技术非常类似(例如参见专利FR2006/0052654),其包括在压缩步骤中抽取空气(低压使得温度不致过高),在该空气流中设置空气/油交换器,以及设置空气调节阀,使得空气以与短舱外表面相切的方式排出以补偿一部分推力。在设计的热量值(例如热天的地面)上,阀完全打开,尽管飞行器不动,但仍提供空气交换。在飞行中,为了减小其对性能的影响,空气阀部分打开以适应空气流速。该方式的主要缺陷如下:
-抽取空气对电机性能造成的巨大影响(给涡轮发动机定尺寸时应考虑该流速损失);
-在螺旋桨上游及离散位置(非环状)空气喷射的噪音影响;
-短舱外动态气流被扭曲造成螺旋桨效率降低。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提出一种涡轮发动机的冷却装置,该装置不具有上述缺陷,能保证在地面和飞行中充分冷却,同时减小飞行阶段中空气动力学的影响。
本发明的第二个目的在于减小体积,本发明特别应当使用在推进器短舱内。
为此,本发明涉及桨扇式飞行器的推进器的流体冷却装置,所述推进器包括驱动至少一个旋翼旋转的涡轮发动机,所述涡轮发动机被从空气入口供应外部空气,该涡轮发动机包括具有至少两级的压缩机,且在其工作期间使润滑剂被加热。
所述流体冷却装置包括压缩空气入口,将压缩空气引导至体积冷却器或表面冷却器的空气通道,和将润滑剂热量传送至体积冷却器/表面冷却器的装置。
所述体积冷却器/表面冷却器包括:
配备有多个冷却剂的管道的矩阵体,所述管道从称为内表面的第一表面延伸至所述矩阵体的称为外表面的第二表面,使得可以被起到冷却剂的作用的压缩空气穿过。
翅片组,所述翅片组从矩阵体的外表面延伸至推进器外部,并在飞行中取向为基本平行于气流的方向。
也就是说,体积冷却器/表面冷却器有两种可能的工作模式:一种是利用与矩阵体的管道中的冷却剂接触的大的表面的体积换热,另一种是通过翅片的表面换热。
在此情况下,优选的是在预选环境条件下,矩形体被定尺寸为当飞行器处于无速或低速状态时足以独立保证达到需要的冷却效果;且在预定的环境条件及速度下,翅片被定尺寸为在飞行器的飞行状态下,足以独立保证达到需要的冷却效果。
所述翅片保证了两种功能。
实际上,冷却器的翅片如同表面换热器,其功能与包括矩阵体的部分不同,该矩阵体被大量管道穿过。
另一方面,这些翅片同时也有助于保护冷却器的矩阵体免于物体冲击。
优选的是,冷却器的矩阵体形成推进器的外蒙皮的一部分。
实际上,这种设置不再需要来自矩阵体的出口的空气通道,且也减小了该装置的体积。另外,众所周知的是,飞行中空气流垂直于矩阵体的管道,受到矩阵体外表面的干扰较少,而其引发的载荷损失相对于带来的简化来说可忽略不计。
根据优选的实施例,压缩空气入口被设置在空气压缩机第一级或第二级的下游。
冷却装置可选择地包括大致设置于推进器前部的附加空气入口。
所述设置允许提供环境温度下的压缩空气源,所述空气必须吸收存在于涡轮发动机润滑剂中的热量。
根据以下一起实施的不同的最终装置:
-矩阵体包括限定管道的多个薄片,
-矩阵体的管道取向为基本垂直于矩阵体的外表面。
为了控制冷却模式,冷却装置包括控制通过冷却器的矩阵体的管道的压缩气流的装置。
其目的是为了控制冷却器在体积换热模式和表面换热模式之间。
本发明还涉及包括本发明的装置的飞行器。
本发明的第二方面还涉及本发明的装置的使用方法,所述方法包括如下操作:当飞行器在地面时,控制使最大压缩空气流通过冷却器,当飞行器在飞行中时,控制减小甚至阻止空气流通过冷却器的矩阵体的管道。
附图说明
说明书的下述部分结合下列附图内容给出了本发明的具体实施例。
附图1是本发明可以实施于其上的桨扇式推进器;
附图2是所述推进器的截面示意图;
附图3是附图2的细节图,主要展示了推进器前部,其突出显示了本发明装置的主要元件;
附图4是本发明中使用的体积/表面冷却器的细节图;
附图5是本发明的冷却装置的电子控制装置的数据处理示意图;
附图6是飞行器在地面时本发明的冷却装置的工作视图;
附图7是处于工作模式的冷却器的空气循环的细节图;
附图8同样是飞行器在飞行中的本发明的冷却装置的工作视图;
附图9是处于其工作模式的冷却器的空气循环的细节图。
具体实施方式
本发明主要用于飞行器的推进器1,如附图1中所示的桨扇式飞行器推进器,这种推进器被设计用于未来的飞行器上。在该实施例中,两个桨扇式推进器1被吊架固定于飞行器机身2后部的两侧。
在此,每个桨扇式推进器1包括两个反向旋转的旋翼3a,3b,每个旋翼包括一组等距桨叶4a,4b,且设置于推进器1的后部,每个旋翼3a,3b的桨叶4a,4b突出于环状冠部5a,5b,所述环状冠部与旋翼一起活动,其外表面安置于推进器的外壳的连续部上。
如附图2所示,桨扇式推进器1包括给涡轮发动机8供给空气的空气入口7,所述涡轮发动机8包括轴向部分,该轴向部分在涡轮发动机工作时被驱动旋转,所述轴又通过图2中并未示出的机械传动装置驱动两反向旋转旋翼3a,3b的桨叶4a,4b的轴9a,9b。
涡轮发动机8工作中产生的热气被环形热管10排出,环形热管10的出口位于两旋翼3a,3b的后部。在另一种变型中,所述气体可以从两旋翼的上游排出。
桨扇的细节及其部件:旋翼、涡轮发动机、传动装置,以及它们的尺寸、材料等等超出了本发明所限定的范围。因此,这里描述这些元件只是为了帮助理解本发明的非限制性实施例的信息。
飞行器飞行时,温度在高空的零下50摄氏度至地面的30摄氏度之间的外部空气基本上沿着飞行器移动的纵轴线X相反的方向沿着推进器的外蒙皮循环。
同时,推进器产生明显的热排射,其中一部分从环形热管10排出,另一部分热量通过变速箱和电机的油路由专门的冷却装置排出。
传统的涡轮发动机8包括多极压缩机,其允许进入涡轮发动机的空气的压力增量增加。
本发明的冷却装置利用了压缩机,且因此包括自身已知的空气入口11,在非限定实施例中,所述空气入口安装在涡轮发动机8的压缩机的第二级的下游,如附图3所示。该设置用于提供已经充分压缩的空气(在1.5至2.5巴左右),但是由于压缩还略微加热,所以与压缩机的随后级不同。
抽吸点的位置自然地取决于所述涡轮发动机8的具体特征和其压缩级,但是该位置是根据这样的空气的需要而决定的,该空气具有足以将预定的气流引导向冷却器的压强,并且温度足够低不会影响到压缩机及更一般的涡轮发动机8的正常工作。
所述空气入口11包括以示意的方式示出的调节阀12,该调节阀能够调节从空气入口11抽吸的压缩气流,其值介于接近于零的值和根据变速箱和/或发动机的油的冷却需求而确定的最大值之间。
空气通道13设置在调节阀12的下游,用于向体积冷却器/表面冷却器14输送抽取的压缩空气流。
所述体积冷却器/表面冷却器14适于以两种主要换热模式工作:1.地面工作模式,或是起飞模式,当外部空气流较微弱或是外部气流不存在的时候,优选的是热量交换通过较小体积上设置的较大表面积实现(毫无疑问指的是体积交换)2.空中工作模式,当外部气流很强,允许在较小面积上换热(因此被称为是表面交换)。
体积冷却器/表面冷却器14的类型2009年3月16日提交的在尚未公开的德国空客的专利申请第10 2009 013 159.0号中所提到,其也被列在本说明书中作为参考。
根据此申请,为了清楚起见,将其总结为如下,体积冷却器/表面冷却器14首先包括(图4),矩阵体15,在该矩阵体中设置有一组管道20,冷却剂流过所述管道20,所述冷却剂在此为空气阀引入的压缩空气。
所述矩阵体15由一组薄片构成,所述一组薄片因此限制压缩空气通过的管道20。
矩阵体15是由良好导热性材料,如金属合金或适于此功能的复合材料制成。
矩阵体15用作待冷却的流体(在本申请中指变速箱中的润滑油)和接近于环境温度的压缩空气之间的载热体。在非限制的本示例中,矩阵体15包括埋设于其体积中的一组管(在图中未示出),待冷却的流体在所述管中循环。
在希望同时冷却多种流体的情况下,将不同的管网设置于矩阵体的体积内。
在本示例中,矩阵体15以如下方式设置:其外表面16延长推进器的短舱的外表面6,以局部地替代外表面6。冷却器的矩阵体15因此形成推进器的外蒙皮的一部分,在此,矩阵体总体为圆柱形,且总是由短舱的矩阵体必须安装于推进器中之处的外表面的形状确定。在此,矩阵体15大致为带弧的长方形,与推进器的短舱的表面6的轮廓配合。
在本例中,矩阵体的内表面17大致与外表面16平行,因此,管道20的长度大致不变,并且在管道20垂直于这些表面的情况下,在此示例中,管道长度与内表面17和外表面16之间的距离相等。
矩阵体15的大小由以下决定:飞行器在地面或是低速时的冷却需求,可用的冷却压缩空气流,以及矩阵体15内设置的交换表面。其计算为本领域技术人员所熟知,因此在此不作详述。为了在起飞过程中冷却配置具有约150个座位和两组推进器的飞机的发电机,热交换器的前表面大约为80平方英寸,厚度大约为3英寸。通过热交换器的最大空气速度大约为0.45kg/s。体积冷却器/表面冷却器14还包括翅片18的组,该翅片18的组来自矩阵体15外表面16,且形成矩阵体15的外表面16的突出部。
翅片18作为空气流的引导表面且取向为大致平行于在飞行器飞行时矩阵体15的外表面16上流过的空气流线,也就是说,大致沿着纵轴线X的方向。
在此,翅片18和矩阵体15以相同的材料制成,该翅片通过其下部边缘的最大部分与矩阵体表面相连。
翅片18的尺寸由飞机在飞行时的冷却需求、外部空气流和沿翅片18表面循环的空气的温度决定,其计算方法被本领域技术人员熟知。为了在巡航过程中冷却配置具有约150个座位和两组推进器的发电机,翅片的交换表面约为0.5平方米,翅片高度约为50毫米。
此外,翅片18在本示例中具有沿矩阵体15外表面16方向弯曲的轮廓。翅片18保护矩阵体15,特别是矩阵体15的外表面16,使其免于外部冲击,如鸟类或是冰雹的撞击等等。
冷却装置由自身已知的电子控制装置19控制(如图5所示),其主要功能在于根据不同的输入信息控制调节阀12。
在本非限制的示例中,所述电子控制装置19接收以下输入:冷却装置应当调节的油的循环温度的数据,以及外部空气的温度和空气通道13中的空气温度的数据,以及调节阀12的状态信息。
所述电子控制装置将控制数据,例如油的循环温度和调节阀的状态发送至飞机的驾驶舱,并从驾驶舱接收指令。
所述电子控制装置19可以装在推进器上,紧靠近体积冷却器/表面冷却器14。可选地,电子控制装置19可作为装在驾驶舱的多种电子装置的一部分,或仅作为由飞行器上常见的多功能计算机之一提供的多个功能之一。
飞行器在地面上(参见图6和图7)滑行、起飞或降落的阶段中,当推进器运行时,推进器组排射的热量非常大,飞行器处于低速或无速状态。
在这些阶段期间,外部气流微弱,不足以仅通过翅片18冷却。因此,电子控制装置19操控调节阀12至基本最大开放位置,允许在压缩机抽吸的压缩空气通过矩阵体15。从而保证了热的矩阵体15与冷的压缩空气之间的热交换,使矩阵体15以及循环至其内部或通过热传导连接至其的流体达到所需的冷却效果。
随着飞行器爬升并逐渐变为水平飞行,飞机的速度增大,外部空气温度降低,随后,由电子控制装置19操控调节阀12逐渐关闭,压缩机处抽取的空气减少,冷却逐渐仅由翅片18进行。
此后,当飞行器在稳定飞行时(见图8和图9),冷却通常由外部翅片18承担,因此调节阀保持关闭状态,使压缩机停止抽取空气,并因此使燃料过度消耗减少,燃料过度消耗还引起抽吸功率(prélèvement depuissance)增大。
自然地,在飞行状态中,在特殊情况下(外部温度升高,发电机过载等等),允许根据接收到的油温信息利用电子控制装置19控制打开调节阀12,使得空气在矩阵体中循环,也使冷却装置的整体冷却能力增大。
根据描述而明确的是,冷却装置允许电机组成部分可在飞行各阶段获得冷却,同时允许在巡航阶段采用表面交换。电机的动力学性能因此得到改善。
在飞行中控制调节阀12的打开允许控制压缩机抽吸功率并尽可能使其减小,这导致消耗减少。
此外,本发明利用压缩机提供压缩空气,不必再特别附加鼓风机以用来迫使气流通过矩阵体,因此使所述装置的结构更简单,体积更小同时也减小了燃料消耗。
本发明所保护的范围不局限于上述实施例中的具体细节,其包括了本领域技术人员在该范围中可能做出的任何变型。
在一种变型中,可以将空气抽吸点替换为或是添加第二空气入口,该第二空气入口设置在推进器短舱前部,接近主要空气入口7。所述第二空气入口也设置有调节阀12’。
在将空气抽吸点替换为第二空气入口的情况下,将鼓风机集成在新的空气通道13’内以提供飞行器在地面时所需的足够的冷却空气流。
相反地,在压缩机同时具有第二空气入口和空气抽吸点的情况下,所述第二空气入口特别在飞行器速度足以提供较大量的冷却气流时起作用,例如在0.2马赫以上,为了进一步减少压缩机抽吸功率,可以根据飞行模式合并(mitiger)这两个源,随之改进电子控制装置19。
在另一种变型中,矩阵体15包括不再与外表面16垂直而是向推进器后部倾斜的管道20,以减少由矩阵体15引发的阻力。
说明书中提及的矩阵体15为带弧长方形。考虑到距离推进器短舱外表面6较近的可用容积,也能够是其他的几何形状。一种设想的设计包括围绕着短舱以规则角度间距分布的多个矩阵体15,以限制所述矩阵体15的出口产生的气流在桨叶上的干扰。
在另一未示出的变型中,矩阵体15并不与推进器短舱外表面6平齐,而是被设置在所述外表面下方几厘米处,仅仅翅片18穿过外表面6,在此种情况下,管道20是倾斜的,空气出气管将离开矩形体15的空气输送至短舱的外表面6的出气点。
Claims (10)
1.一种桨扇式飞行器推进器的流体冷却装置,所述推进器包括驱动至少一个旋翼旋转的涡轮发动机(8),所述涡轮发动机(8)由空气入口(7)提供外部空气,以及具有至少两级的压缩机,
其特征在于,所述流体冷却装置包括压缩空气入口(11),所述压缩空气入口(11)布置成由所述压缩机抽吸压缩空气,所述空气入口(11)包括用于控制在空气入口处抽吸的压缩空气流的阀,能将抽吸的压缩空气输送至体积冷却器/表面冷却器(14)的气体通道(13),和用于使冷却流体循环至体积冷却器/表面冷却器(14)的装置;
所述冷却器(14)包括:
矩阵体(15),所述矩阵体(15)配设有多个用于使冷却剂循环的管道(20),所述管道(20)从所述矩阵体(15)的称为内表面的第一表面(17)延伸至称为外表面的第二表面(16),所述矩阵体(15)形成为使得压缩空气能够从中穿过并起到冷却剂的作用;
翅片(18)的组,所述翅片的组从在推进器外部处的所述矩阵体(15)的外表面(16)延伸,在飞行器处于飞行中时,所述翅片组取向为平行于空气流(X)的方向。
2.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置(1),其特征在于,
所述矩阵体(15)被定尺寸为在预选的环境条件下,当飞行器处于无速或低速状态时,足以保证通过自身独立达到所需的冷却效果,
所述翅片(18)被定尺寸为在预选的环境条件及速度下,当飞行器处于飞行中时,足以保证通过自身独立达到所需的冷却效果。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却装置(1),其特征在于,所述冷却器(14)的所述矩阵体(15)形成推进器的外蒙皮的一部分。
4.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的冷却装置(1),其特征在于,所述压缩空气入口(11)被设置于所述涡轮发动机(8)的空气压缩机的第一级或第二级的下游。
5.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的冷却装置(1),其特征在于,包括设置于所述推进器的前面的附加空气入口。
6.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的冷却装置(1),其特征在于,所述矩阵体(15)包括多个限制所述管道(20)的薄片。
7.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的冷却装置(1),其特征在于,所述矩阵体(15)的所述管道(20)取向为垂直于所述矩阵体(15)的外表面(16)。
8.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的冷却装置(1),其特征在于,包括控制通过所述冷却器(14)的矩阵体(15)的所述管道(20)的压缩空气流的控制装置(19)。
9.一种包括如前述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却装置的飞行器。
10.一种如前述权利要求1-8中任一项所述的装置的使用方法,其特征在于,包括如下操作:当飞行器在地面时,控制使得最大压缩空气流通过所述冷却器(14);当飞行器在飞行中时,控制使得减小甚至阻止空气流通过所述冷却器(14)矩阵体(15)的所述管道(20)。
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US10308365B2 (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2019-06-04 | Codrin-Gruie (CG) Cantemir | Fully integrated hybrid electric jet engine |
CN106640714A (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-05-10 | 熵零股份有限公司 | 一种对转压缩机 |
FR3046199B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-12-29 | Snecma | Turbomachine comprenant un echangeur air-huile surfacique integre a un compartiment inter-veines |
FR3072127B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-05 | 2019-11-01 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Conduit de decharge d'un moyeu de carter intermediaire pour turboreacteur d'aeronef comportant des canaux de refroidissement |
JP7094805B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-05 | 2022-07-04 | 住友精密工業株式会社 | 熱交換器および熱交換器の製造方法 |
US11028775B2 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2021-06-08 | The Boeing Company | Bleed air boosted engine oil cooler |
FR3094754B1 (fr) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-03-12 | Safran Nacelles | Nacelle d’aéronef comportant au moins un échangeur de chaleur |
ES2947461T3 (es) * | 2019-07-01 | 2023-08-09 | Airbus Operations Slu | Instalación de aeronave para suministro de aire presurizado |
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CN114828570A (zh) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | 一种小型蒙皮换热器及换热系统 |
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- 2010-05-21 WO PCT/FR2010/050996 patent/WO2010136710A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-05-21 CN CN201080032502.2A patent/CN102695862B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-05-21 US US13/322,512 patent/US9175695B2/en active Active
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GB750200A (en) * | 1953-12-30 | 1956-06-13 | Armstrong Siddeley Motors Ltd | Improvements relating to ducted-fan, turbo-jet engines |
EP1018468B1 (fr) * | 1999-01-07 | 2004-12-08 | Snecma Moteurs | Turbomachine avec un réducteur de vitesse équipé d'un dispositif de refroidissement |
CN101135250A (zh) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-05 | 通用电气公司 | 用于涡轮机的基于热导管的冷却设备及方法 |
CN101418724A (zh) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-29 | 通用电气公司 | 用于从多级压缩机向燃气涡轮输送空气的系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102695862A (zh) | 2012-09-26 |
EP2435680B1 (fr) | 2017-07-05 |
WO2010136710A2 (fr) | 2010-12-02 |
FR2946089B1 (fr) | 2012-05-04 |
FR2946089A1 (fr) | 2010-12-03 |
US20120237332A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
EP2435680A2 (fr) | 2012-04-04 |
WO2010136710A3 (fr) | 2011-04-14 |
US9175695B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
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