CN102694373B - Intelligent electronic device using transient fault information and relay protection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent electronic device using transient fault information and a relay protection method. The intelligent electronic device comprises a distance-measuring/wave-recording module, a protection module and a measuring/controlling module, wherein the distance-measuring/wave-recording module is respectively in communication connection with a process layer and a station control layer through a process layer communication module and a station control layer communication module, and the protection module and the measuring/controlling module are respectively used for carrying out fault identification, line protection and fault distance-measuring/wave-recording according to transient fault information uploaded by the process layer; an effect that the modules carry out mutual communication and external communication is achieved mainly by adopting a 100 Mbps Ethernet, thereby realizing the high-speed exchange and parallel processing of data; and the protection module identifies the transient fault information such as fault direction, polarity and distance in an extremely short time after a fault occurs, and forms a pilot protection through adopting a 2-out-of-3 logic, thereby both realizing the rapid action of the protection function, and improving the reliability of the action. The intelligent electronic device and relay protection method disclosed by the invention achieve an effect of multifunction integration, and are applicable to the existing intelligent substations; and meanwhile, according to the invention, the protection performance and the distance-measuring accuracy are improved, and the device cost and the operation and maintenance costs are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power system automation technology field, relate to a kind of intelligent electronic device and relay protecting method that utilizes transient fault information.
Background technology
Be to improve transmission line delivering power and strengthen one of effective measures of power system transient stability the operate time that reduces relaying protection.Accurately identification, disposal and utilization transient fault information, just can be in the utmost point short time after fault occurs correct judgement fault, conventionally only need time of 1 ~ 3ms, therefore can realize the ultrahigh speed of relaying protection and move.But; the protection philosophy that the protective relaying device of current on-the-spot extensive use adopts is to be based upon on the basis of power frequency quality; conventionally adopt the methods such as filtering to eliminate the impact of transient process on protection; transient fault information is often regarded as the interference being harmful to and is filtered out, and has so just extended the operate time of protection.And the relaying protection that only utilizes transient fault information still rests on principle, algorithm research stage, practical difficulty is larger.
Along with rise and the development of intelligent grid, optical electron formula instrument transformer, fiber optic Ethernet communication, high-performance hardware platform, IEC61850 and IEEE1588 standard have obtained rapid progress in the application of intelligent substation.These not only make effective utilization of transient fault information become possibility, and can realize the multifunctional all of intelligent electronic device, reduce equipment cost and operation and maintenance cost.Optical electron formula instrument transformer has good transient response characteristic, accurate recording transient process; Wide dynamic range can meet the dual requirements of high-precision measuring and protection simultaneously.Information sharing standardization, the integrated condition that provides of several functions of realizing be provided for fiber optic Ethernet communication and IEC61850.High-performance hardware platform can meet fast processing transient signal, carry out the requirement of several functions.Adopt IEEE1588 network to time, precision reaches 1ms.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of intelligent electronic device and relay protecting method that utilizes transient fault information, to reduce the operate time of relaying protection, improve range accuracy, realize multifunctional all.
For achieving the above object, the intelligent electronic device that utilizes transient fault information of the present invention comprise by process layer communication module, station level communication module respectively with range finding record mode piece, protection module and the control module of process layer, station level communication connection, the transient fault information that described protection module and range finding record mode piece are respectively used to upload according to process layer is carried out Fault Identification, route protection and fault localization, record ripple; Described station level communication module also serial communication is connected with human-machine interface module.
Further, between described protection module and process layer communication module, be provided with FPGA, this FPGA is connected with protection module, process layer communication module by parallel bus respectively.
Further, in described process layer communication module and station level communication module, be equipped with network synchronization module and ethernet interface module.
Further, described range finding record mode piece, protection module, control module all adopt 100Mbps Ethernet to be connected with station level communication module, and range finding record mode piece, control module all adopt 100Mbps Ethernet to be connected with process layer communication module.
Further, this intelligent electronic device correspondence with foreign country all adopts Ethernet, the transmission of sampled value between merge cells adopts point-to-point fiber optic Ethernet wherein and in process layer, and host-host protocol meets IEC61850-9-2, and switching value transmission between intelligent terminal adopts the point-to-point Ethernet of GOOSE; And between other bay device, adopt GOOSE network service; And between station level equipment, adopt MMS network service; To time adopt IEEE1588 network to time.
The relay protecting method step of transient fault information of utilizing of the present invention is as follows:
(1) protection module of intelligent electronic device reads three-phase voltage, the current sampling data that process layer is uploaded;
(2) based on improving after the starting component action of gradient algorithm, the transient fault component of 1 ~ 3ms after extraction Startup time;
(3), according to fault direction, polarity, carry out Fault Identification apart from criterion, if wherein two or more criterions determine fault and occur in protected circuit, send trip signal; If do not determine protected circuit fault, switch the traditional protection that enters reaction power frequency quality, carry out corresponding fault distinguishing.
Further, starting component start-up criterion based on improving gradient algorithm in described step (2) is: current failure component is carried out to phase-model transformation, obtained line modulus is adopted and improves gradient algorithm, after current point, 3 data sums deduct front 3 the data sums of current point, obtain the Grad of current point, if this value is greater than startup definite value, the moment at current some place is Startup time, starting component action.
Further, in described step (3), protection module and circuit offside intelligent electronic device connect and compose pilot protection by communication port, and to obtain the transient fault information of circuit offside, the criterion of fault direction, polarity, distance is respectively:
A) use voltage, current temporary state fault component, utilize after medium filtering before modulus, the time domain energy of anti-row ripple than Judging fault direction: if the ratio of time domain energy is less than definite value, be forward fault; Otherwise, be reverse fault; The fault direction information that obtains circuit offside through communication port, if be forward fault, Judging fault occurs in protected circuit;
B) use current temporary state fault component, if circuit two ends electric current initial row ripple same polarity is judged to be troubles inside the sample space, heteropolarity is judged to be external area error;
C) use current temporary state fault component Calibrated current initial row ripple to arrive the time of this side intelligent electronic device installation place; obtain the electric current initial row ripple time of advent of circuit offside record through communication port; if the difference of both times is more than or equal to the ratio of protected circuit length and transient current velocity of wave; be external area error, otherwise be troubles inside the sample space.
Further, to utilize the range finding of transient fault information be that the difference that the initial row ripple that produces by line-internal fault arrives the absolute time of intelligent electronic device installation place described in circuit two ends calculates fault distance to range finding record mode piece; Range finding record mode piece adopts the due in of interpolation fitting method approaching to reality.
Further, the record ripple of range finding record mode piece adopts that Second Generation Wavelet Transformation algorithm---boosting algorithm carries out fault recorder data Lossless Compression, adopts mass-memory unit record electricity system to be subject to the variation overall process after various disturbances.
The intelligent electronic device that utilizes transient fault information of the present invention; follow IEC61850 standard; adopt many CPU distributed frame; comprise process layer communication module, protection module, range finding record mode piece, control module, station level communication module and human-machine interface module, the several functions such as integrated protection, range finding, record ripple and observing and controlling.Between process layer communication module and protection module, adopt FPGA to carry out parallel data exchange, can fast transport data in enormous quantities, the fully real-time of guarantee protection.The correspondence with foreign country of intelligent electronic device all adopts Ethernet, process layer communication module receives the transient signal of the optical electron formula instrument transformer progress of disease by the mode of adopting directly, between inner each module, the main 100Mbps Ethernet that adopts, realizes fast transport and the parallel processing of data.The present invention is applicable to existing intelligent substation, does not need newly-increased or transformation miscellaneous equipment, has improved protective value and range accuracy, has realized multifunctional all, has reduced equipment cost and operation and maintenance cost.
The relay protecting method that utilizes transient fault information of the present invention, in the utmost point short time after fault occurs (1 ~ 3ms), accurately identification fault direction, the initial polarity of traveling wave of electric current and electric current initial row ripple time of advent etc. transient fault information, adopt three to get two logics, form pilot protection, both realize the quick acting of defencive function, also improved the reliability of action; If utilize transient fault information not determine protected circuit fault, switch and enter traditional protection principle, carry out corresponding fault distinguishing, the utilization of transient fault information further improves protective value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is intelligent electronic device IED structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the application schematic diagram of IED in intelligent substation;
Fig. 3 is the protection module workflow diagram of IED.
Embodiment
Utilizing difficult problem for transient fault information is actual in relaying protection, the utilization of transient fault information is combined with the ripe principle of existing protective relaying device, respectively get the chief, complement one another, is a kind of effective solution.
The structure of multifunctional all intelligent electronic device IED as shown in Figure 1; this intelligent electronic device IED comprises process layer communication module, protection module, range finding record mode piece, control module, station level communication module and human-machine interface module, and the several functions such as integrated protection, range finding, record ripple and observing and controlling are in one.
As shown in Figure 2, IED belongs to bay device in the application of intelligent electronic device IED in intelligent substation, follows IEC61850 standard, and correspondence with foreign country all adopts Ethernet:
A) with the employing mode of " directly adopting straight jumping " that is connected of process layer devices (merge cells, intelligent terminal), sampled value (SV) transmission and between merge cells adopts point-to-point fiber optic Ethernet, host-host protocol meets IEC61850-9-2, and the transmission of switching value between intelligent terminal adopts the point-to-point Ethernet of GOOSE.Can reduce like this Internet Transmission time delay, accelerate the responsiveness of IED protection module.
And between other bay device, adopt GOOSE network service b).
C) and between station level equipment (supervisory control system) adopt MMS network service.
D) to time adopt IEEE1588 network to time, precision reaches 1ms.
The hardware systems of intelligent electronic device IED adopts many CPU distributed frame.Process layer communication module on the one hand carries out preliminary treatment to data such as the sampled value receiving from process layer, switching value inputs and is distributed to fast described protection module, range finding record mode piece and control module carrying out the processing of function separately, receives on the other hand from data such as the switching value outputs of described protection module, control module and sends to process layer.The result that station level communication module converges protection module, range finding record mode piece and control module sends to station level, receives the data such as control command and definite value and issue from station level; Also receive the input message of human-machine interface module (MMI), send the output information that needs demonstration to described MMI.
Between each module, the high speed of data exchange is that can IED realize that transient fault information is utilized and one of the key technology of function integration.In view of correspondence with foreign country, to be Ethernet and ethernet communication reliable at a high speed, the data transaction that need carry out during for fear of the multiple means of communication of use, reduce hardware kind, simplify Software for Design, between each module, the exchange of the high speed of data still mainly adopts 100Mbps Ethernet.Data exchange ways between each module is as follows:
A) between process layer communication module and protection module, adopt FPGA(to include dual port RAM) carry out parallel data exchange, can fast transport data in enormous quantities, the fully real-time of guarantee protection.
B) the exchanges data requirement of real-time between station level communication module and MMI is not high, adopts serial RS232 communication mode.
C) between process layer communication module and range finding record mode piece, between process layer communication module and control module, between protection module and station level communication module, between range finding record mode piece and station level communication module, between control module and station level communication module; all adopt 100Mbps Ethernet, realize high speed exchange and the parallel processing of data.
Aforesaid way has proposed very high request to the traffic handling capability of CPU.Therefore, described IED is except MMI, and other each module adopts MPC8358 processor, this processor frequencies 400MHz, and integrated PowerPC kernel and private communication processing module, can provide nearly 8 100M Ethernet interfaces.MMI module adopts single-chip microcomputer.
In order to obtain transient fault information, process layer devices need meet following requirement:
A) adopt optical electron formula instrument transformer, three-phase voltage and the electric current of transmission line can be provided, frequency response range is at least from direct current to 100 subharmonic.
B) merge cells output sampling rate should be 400, every cycle and more than.
Utilize the step of relay protecting method of transient fault information as follows:
(1) protection module of intelligent electronic device reads three-phase voltage, the current sampling data that process layer is uploaded;
(2) based on improving after the starting component action of gradient algorithm, the transient fault component of 1 ~ 3ms after extraction Startup time;
(3) carry out Fault Identification according to fault direction, fault polarity and fault distance criterion, adopt three to get two logics, two or more criterions determine fault and occur in protected circuit, send trip signal; If do not determine protected circuit fault, switch the traditional protection that enters reaction power frequency quality, carry out corresponding fault distinguishing.
Transient fault information embodies a concentrated reflection of in fault initial row ripple, can detect fault according to the feature of fault initial row ripple, finds range.IED is mainly reflected in protection module and range finding record mode piece the utilization of transient fault information.
The protection module software flow pattern of IED as shown in Figure 3, claims to utilize the protection of transient fault information for protection fast in this figure, distinguish with traditional protection.Protection module is after the starting component based on improving gradient algorithm moves, and the transient fault component of 1 ~ 3ms after extraction Startup time---data window is long relevant with protected circuit length, and fault initial row ripple is included in this data window.Then, carry out Fault Identification according to following 3 criterions:
A) use voltage, current temporary state fault component, utilize after medium filtering before modulus, the time domain energy of anti-row ripple than Judging fault direction: if the ratio of time domain energy is less than definite value, be forward fault; Otherwise, be reverse fault.The fault direction information that obtains circuit offside through communication port, if be forward fault, Judging fault occurs in protected circuit.
B) use current temporary state fault component, if circuit two ends electric current initial row ripple same polarity is judged to be troubles inside the sample space, heteropolarity is judged to be external area error.
C) use current temporary state fault component; accurate calibration electric current initial row ripple arrives the time (precision reaches 1ms) of IED installation place described in this side; obtain the electric current initial row ripple time of advent of circuit offside record through communication port; if the difference of both times is more than or equal to the ratio of protected circuit length and transient current velocity of wave; be external area error, otherwise be troubles inside the sample space.
In order to ensure the reliability of described protection module action, described 3 criterions adopt three to get two logics, only have two or more criterions to determine fault and occur in protected circuit, just send trip signal.Described 3 criterions all need the transient fault information of circuit offside, and therefore protection module and circuit offside IED connect and compose pilot protection by communication port, to obtain the transient fault information of circuit offside.
If protection module utilizes transient fault information not determine protected circuit fault, switch the traditional protection principle that enters reaction power frequency quality, carry out corresponding fault distinguishing.Therefore, the utilization of transient fault information only can make protective value be improved, and can't reduce the performance of original protection.
Starting component based on improving gradient algorithm is: current failure component is carried out to phase-model transformation, obtained line modulus is adopted and improves gradient algorithm, be that after current point, 3 data sums deduct front 3 the data sums of current point, obtain the Grad of current point, if this value is greater than startup definite value, the moment at current some place is Startup time, starting component action.
Range finding record mode piece utilizes the range measurement principle of transient fault information to be: described in the initial row ripple arrival circuit two ends that produce by line-internal fault, the difference of the absolute time of IED installation place calculates fault distance.The key that affects range accuracy is the time that Obtaining Accurate fault initial row ripple arrives described IED installation place.The application of gps system and IEEE1588 standard can make the time synchronization error of IED described in circuit two ends be no more than 1ms.But, due to merge cells output sampling rate limited (400, every cycle and more than), possibly cannot collect the real due in of fault initial row ripple, described range finding record mode piece adopts the method due in of approaching to reality as much as possible of interpolation fitting, improves the precision of range finding.
Range finding record mode piece also utilizes the calculating of carrying out fault distance based on the range measurement principle of power frequency amount.The range finding result of two kinds of methods can be compared with physical fault distance, further to improve location algorithm.
Range finding record mode piece employing Second Generation Wavelet Transformation algorithm---boosting algorithm carries out fault recorder data Lossless Compression, adopt the electric power system of mass-memory unit (Flash) complete documentation to be subject to the variation overall process after various disturbances, for the analysis of system dynamic course provides basic data.
The function of control module is identical with the observing and controlling function of traditional measure and control device, does not repeat them here.
It should be noted last that: above embodiment is the non-limiting technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; Still can modify or be equal to replacement the present invention, and not depart from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a relay protecting method that utilizes transient fault information, is characterized in that, the step of the method is as follows:
(1) protection module of intelligent electronic device reads three-phase voltage, the current sampling data that process layer is uploaded;
(2) based on improving after the starting component action of gradient algorithm, the transient fault component of 1～3ms after extraction Startup time;
(3), according to fault direction, polarity, carry out Fault Identification apart from criterion, if wherein two or more criterions determine fault and occur in protected circuit, send trip signal; If do not determine protected circuit fault, switch the traditional protection that enters reaction power frequency quality, carry out corresponding fault distinguishing; Both realize the quick acting of defencive function, also improved the reliability of action;
In step (3), protection module and circuit offside intelligent electronic device connect and compose pilot protection by communication port, and to obtain the transient fault information of circuit offside, the criterion of fault direction, polarity, distance is respectively:
A) use voltage, current temporary state fault component, utilize after medium filtering before modulus, the time domain energy of anti-row ripple than Judging fault direction: if the ratio of time domain energy is less than definite value, be forward fault; Otherwise, be reverse fault; The fault direction information that obtains circuit offside through communication port, if be forward fault, Judging fault occurs in protected circuit;
B) use current temporary state fault component, if circuit two ends electric current initial row ripple same polarity is judged to be troubles inside the sample space, heteropolarity is judged to be external area error;
C) use current temporary state fault component Calibrated current initial row ripple to arrive the time of this side intelligent electronic device installation place; obtain the electric current initial row ripple time of advent of circuit offside record through communication port; if the difference of both times is more than or equal to the ratio of protected circuit length and transient current velocity of wave; be external area error, otherwise be troubles inside the sample space.
2. the relay protecting method that utilizes transient fault information according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; starting component start-up criterion based on improving gradient algorithm in described step (2) is: current failure component is carried out to phase-model transformation; obtained line modulus is adopted and improves gradient algorithm; after current point, 3 data sums deduct front 3 the data sums of current point; obtain the Grad of current point; if this value is greater than startup definite value; the moment at current some place is Startup time, starting component action.
3. according to the relay protecting method that utilizes transient fault information described in any one in claim 1-2, it is characterized in that, it is that the difference that the initial row ripple that produces by line-internal fault arrives the absolute time of intelligent electronic device installation place described in circuit two ends calculates fault distance that range finding record mode piece utilizes the range finding of transient fault information; Range finding record mode piece adopts the due in of interpolation fitting method approaching to reality.
4. the relay protecting method that utilizes transient fault information according to claim 3; it is characterized in that; the record ripple of range finding record mode piece adopts that Second Generation Wavelet Transformation algorithm---boosting algorithm carries out fault recorder data Lossless Compression, adopts mass-memory unit record electricity system to be subject to the variation overall process after various disturbances.
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