CN102694338A - Laser crystal and laser amplifier comprising same - Google Patents
Laser crystal and laser amplifier comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102694338A CN102694338A CN2012101584595A CN201210158459A CN102694338A CN 102694338 A CN102694338 A CN 102694338A CN 2012101584595 A CN2012101584595 A CN 2012101584595A CN 201210158459 A CN201210158459 A CN 201210158459A CN 102694338 A CN102694338 A CN 102694338A
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser crystal which extends along a longitudinal shaft. The laser crystal is provided with a first end surface and a second end surface, a laser beam enters the laser crystal via the first end surface and is transmitted out of the laser crystal via the second end surface, and at least one of the first end surface and the second end surface is not perpendicular to the longitudinal shaft. The invention further provides a laser amplifier comprising the laser crystal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field, relate in particular to a kind of laser crystal and adopt the laser amplifier of this laser crystal, more specifically relate to a kind of high-gain multi-pass laser amplifier.
Background technology
For the multi-pass laser amplifier, its laser crystal is generally bar shaped, and is as shown in Figure 1, and two end faces of this laser crystal are parallel to each other, and equal axial vertical with this bar shaped laser crystal.Light beam perpendicular to an end face incide laser crystal, and from another end face outgoing of laser crystal.Light beam consumes the counter-rotating particle in this laser crystal when this laser crystal, thereby is amplified by energy when making light beam through this laser crystal.In order to improve the transmitance of light beam, be coated with anti-reflection film on the end face of this laser crystal usually.But because any anti-reflection film can not make all that light is hundred-percent and pass through that therefore in the end, reflex can take place light beam.Repeatedly reflection can formation self-oscillation between the both ends of the surface of laser crystal for laser.In high-gain multi-pass laser amplifier, self-oscillation has consumed a large amount of counter-rotating particles, when laser once more when this laser medium, inverted population can occur in the laser medium and tail off and not enough situation occurs gaining.On the other hand, the intensity laser of self-oscillation generation can cause crushing damage to optical element.In addition; Because self-oscillatory appearance; The unwanted laser of script that will occur macro-energy in this laser crystal; This meeting brings crushing damage to some optics of the laser amplifier system at laser crystal and laser crystal place, may make whole laser amplifier system receive crushing the damage.To the multi-pass laser amplification system of high-gain, the infringement that this phenomenon is brought is bigger, makes that this laser amplifier system reliability is lower.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser crystal, can eliminate the self-oscillation in the laser crystal.
The present invention provides a kind of laser crystal, extends along the longitudinal axis, and it has first end face and second end face, and laser beam transmits laser crystal from first surface feeding sputtering and from second end face, and wherein one of at least the first end face and second end face are non-perpendicular with the said longitudinal axis.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention, wherein first end face and second end face are all non-perpendicular with the said longitudinal axis.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention, wherein the normal of the normal of first end face and second end face is in same plane.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention, wherein the normal of the normal of first end face and second end face is in different plane.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention, wherein the normal of first end face tilts to different directions with the normal of second end face.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention, wherein the normal of first end face tilts to identical direction with the normal of second end face.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention, wherein the angle between the angle between first end face and the said longitudinal axis and second end face and the said longitudinal axis is set to make and passes the reflection lasering beam that laser beam that first end face gets into laser crystal formed by second end face reflection and directly transmit outside the laser crystal.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention, wherein the angle between the angle between first end face and the said longitudinal axis and second end face and the said longitudinal axis is set to make and passes the reflection lasering beam that laser beam that first end face gets into laser crystal forms through the reflection of first end face after by second end face reflection again and directly transmit outside the laser crystal.
According to laser crystal provided by the invention; Wherein the angle theta between first end face and the said longitudinal axis satisfies tan2 θ >=d/l; Perhaps the angle between second end face and the said longitudinal axis satisfies tan2 α >=d/l, perhaps satisfies tan2 θ >=d/l, tan2 α >=d/l simultaneously.
The present invention also provides a kind of laser amplifier with above-mentioned laser crystal.
The present invention has adopted non-perpendicular end face in laser crystal, can avoid the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively, and processing ease, very easily realizes.
Description of drawings
Followingly the embodiment of the invention is described further with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of laser crystal of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation according to the laser crystal of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation according to the laser crystal of embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation according to the laser crystal of embodiments of the invention 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation according to the laser crystal of embodiments of the invention 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation according to the laser crystal of embodiments of the invention 5;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of laser crystal according to still another embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Present embodiment provides a kind of laser crystal 1; Its structure is as shown in Figure 2; This laser crystal 1 be along longitudinal axis A extend bar-shaped, it has end face S1 (incident end face) and S2 (outgoing end face), wherein end face S1 is perpendicular to longitudinal axis A; The normal that is end face S1 is parallel with longitudinal axis A; And end face S2 and longitudinal axis A are non-perpendicular, and promptly the normal N of end face S2 and longitudinal axis A are an angle theta (0 °＜θ＜90 °), wherein the schematic cross-section that obtains for this laser crystal 1 of plane cutting along the normal N of end face S2 and longitudinal axis A place of this Fig. 2.
From Fig. 2, can know; When incoming laser beam L perpendicular to end face S1 incide in the laser crystal after, incoming laser beam L propagates and incides on the end face S2 along longitudinal axis A direction, end face S2 is passed in a part of transmission among the incoming laser beam L becomes transmission laser bundle Lt; Another part is owing to the reflection of end face S2 becomes reflection lasering beam Lr; Owing to have angle theta between the normal N of end face S2 and the longitudinal axis A, so have angle 2 θ between reflection lasering beam Lr and the incoming laser beam L, and be not that former road is returned; Therefore can in laser crystal 1, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoid the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
Present embodiment provides a kind of laser crystal 2; Its structure is as shown in Figure 3; This laser crystal 2 be along longitudinal axis A extend bar-shaped, it has end face S1 (incident end face) and S2 (outgoing end face), wherein end face S2 is perpendicular to longitudinal axis A; The normal that is end face S2 is parallel with longitudinal axis A; And end face S1 and longitudinal axis A are non-perpendicular, and promptly the normal N of end face S1 and longitudinal axis A are an angle theta (0 °＜θ＜90 °), wherein the schematic cross-section that obtains for this laser crystal 2 of plane cutting along the normal N of end face S1 and longitudinal axis A place of this Fig. 3.
From Fig. 3, can know; After incoming laser beam L incides in the laser crystal with being parallel to longitudinal axis A, propagate because the effect incoming laser beam L of refractive index departs from longitudinal axis A direction slightly, and incide on the end face S2; End face S2 is passed in a part of transmission among the incoming laser beam L becomes transmission laser bundle Lt; Another part is owing to the reflection of end face S2 becomes reflection lasering beam Lr, and reflection lasering beam Lr is reflected on the end face S1, owing to have angle theta between the normal N of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A; Therefore reflection lasering beam Lr is deflected about 2 θ angles; And be not that former road is returned, therefore can in laser crystal 2, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoided the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
In addition, when incoming laser beam L incides end face S1 along longitudinal axis A, also can be reflected by end face S1 by some light; Form reflection lasering beam L '; Owing to have angle theta between the normal N of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A, so reflection lasering beam L ' is deflected 2 θ angles, and is not that former road is returned; Therefore can between other optics beyond laser crystal and the laser crystal, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoid the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
Present embodiment provides a kind of laser crystal 3; Its structure is as shown in Figure 4; This laser crystal 3 be along longitudinal axis A extend bar-shaped, it has end face S1 (incident end face) and S2 (outgoing end face), wherein end face S1 and S1 are all non-perpendicular with longitudinal axis A; Normal N 1 and the longitudinal axis A of end face S1 are an angle theta (0 °＜θ＜90 °); The normal N 2 of end face S2 is an angle (0 °＜α＜90 °) with longitudinal axis A, wherein the normal N 2 of the normal N 1 of end face S1, end face S2 at grade, the schematic cross-section that obtains for this laser crystal 3 of plane cutting of this Fig. 4 wherein along normal N 1, normal N 2, longitudinal axis A place.
From Fig. 4, can know, after incoming laser beam L incides in the laser crystal, propagate with being parallel to longitudinal axis A because the effect incoming laser beam L of refractive index departs from longitudinal axis A direction slightly; And incide on the end face S2; End face S2 is passed in a part of transmission among the incoming laser beam L becomes transmission laser bundle Lt, and another part is owing to the reflection of end face S2 becomes reflection lasering beam Lr, owing to have angle between the normal N 2 of end face S2 and the longitudinal axis A; Therefore reflection lasering beam Lr is deflected about 2 α angles; And be not that former road is returned, therefore can in laser crystal 3, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoided the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
In addition, when incoming laser beam L incides end face S1 along longitudinal axis A, also can be reflected by end face S1 by some light; Form reflection lasering beam L '; Owing to have angle theta between the normal N of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A, so reflection lasering beam L ' is deflected 2 θ angles, and is not that former road is returned; Therefore can between other optics beyond laser crystal and the laser crystal, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoid the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
According to other embodiments of the invention; Wherein the angle theta between the normal N 1 of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A and the normal N 2 of end face S2 can equate with angle between the longitudinal axis A; Also can be unequal; But be preferably θ=α, recoverable makes the direction of propagation of transmission laser bundle Lt and incoming laser beam L identical owing to depart from the direction of propagation that the refractive index of laser crystal produces like this.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment provides a kind of laser crystal 4; Its structure is as shown in Figure 5; This laser crystal 4 be along longitudinal axis A extend bar-shaped, it has end face S1 (incident end face) and S2 (outgoing end face), wherein end face S1 and S1 are all non-perpendicular with longitudinal axis A; Normal N 1 and the longitudinal axis A of end face S1 are an angle theta (0 °＜θ＜90 °); The normal N 2 of end face S2 is an angle (0 °＜α＜90 °) with longitudinal axis A, is that with the difference of laser crystal among the embodiment 3 incline direction of end face S1 and end face S2 is identical, and wherein the normal N 2 of the normal N 1 of end face S1, end face S2 at grade; Wherein this Fig. 5 is parallelogram for the schematic cross-section that this laser crystal 4 of plane cutting along normal N 1, normal N 2, longitudinal axis A place obtains.
From Fig. 5, can know, after incoming laser beam L incides in the laser crystal, in laser crystal, propagate with being parallel to longitudinal axis A because the effect incoming laser beam L of refractive index departs from longitudinal axis A direction slightly; And incide on the end face S2; End face S2 is passed in a part of transmission among the incoming laser beam L becomes transmission laser bundle Lt, and another part is owing to the reflection of end face S2 becomes reflection lasering beam Lr, owing to have angle between the normal N 2 of end face S2 and the longitudinal axis A; Therefore reflection lasering beam Lr is deflected about 2 α angles; And be not that former road is returned, therefore can in laser crystal 4, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoided the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
In addition, when incoming laser beam L incides end face S1 along longitudinal axis A, also can be reflected by end face S1 by some light; Form reflection lasering beam L '; Owing to have angle theta between the normal N of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A, so reflection lasering beam L ' is deflected 2 θ angles, and is not that former road is returned; Therefore can between other optics beyond laser crystal and the laser crystal, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoid the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
According to other embodiments of the invention; Wherein the angle theta between the normal N 1 of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A and the normal N 2 of end face S2 can equate with angle between the longitudinal axis A; Also can be unequal; But be preferably θ=α, recoverable makes the direction of propagation of transmission laser bundle Lt and incoming laser beam L identical owing to depart from the direction of propagation that the refractive index of laser crystal produces like this.
In the normal N 2 of the normal N 1 of this end face S1 of present embodiment and end face S2 at grade and under the identical situation of the incline direction of end face S1 and end face S2; Noticeable a kind of special circumstances are; When the angle that departs from longitudinal axis A owing to the refractive index of laser crystal as laser beam L equals normal N 2 and the angle between the longitudinal axis A of S2; Laser beam L will impinge perpendicularly on end face S2, turned back to end face S1 by former road, S2 reflection back, but owing to have angle theta between the normal N 1 of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A; Therefore reflection lasering beam Lr is deflected 2 θ angles; And be not that former road is returned, therefore can in laser crystal, not vibrate back and forth equally, thereby avoided the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
In addition, when incoming laser beam L incides end face S1 along longitudinal axis A, also can be reflected by end face S1 by some light; Form reflection lasering beam L '; Owing to have angle theta between the normal N of end face S1 and the longitudinal axis A, so reflection lasering beam L ' is deflected 2 θ angles, and is not that former road is returned; Therefore can between other optics beyond laser crystal and the laser crystal, not vibrate back and forth, thereby avoid the self-oscillatory formation of laser effectively.
Embodiment 5
In the above-described embodiments, several kinds of different end slope modes are provided, all can have made laser beam finally leave laser crystal through the one or many reflection of two end faces.In practical application, be preferably make reflection lasering beam before leaving laser crystal less as far as possible number of times ground by end face reflection.
Present embodiment provides a kind of laser crystal 5; Angle of inclination through the restriction end face makes reflection lasering beam can directly leave laser crystal, and the structure of the laser crystal among its structure and the embodiment 1 is roughly the same; As shown in Figure 6; This laser crystal 5 be along longitudinal axis A extend bar-shaped, it has end face S1 (incident end face) and S2 (outgoing end face), wherein end face S1 is perpendicular to longitudinal axis A; The normal that is end face S1 is parallel with longitudinal axis A; And end face S2 and longitudinal axis A are non-perpendicular, and promptly the normal N of end face S2 and longitudinal axis A are an angle theta (0 °＜θ＜90 °), wherein the schematic cross-section that obtains for this laser crystal 5 of plane cutting along the normal N of end face S2 and longitudinal axis A place of this Fig. 6.
Comparatively speaking; When incoming laser beam is propagated on the less one side of the length of pressing close to laser crystal; The reflection lasering beam Lr of end face S2 reflection directly is transmitted to outside the laser crystal and is no longer reflected by end face S1; Therefore as shown in Figure 6, the incoming laser beam L that propagates with the less one side of the length of pressing close to laser crystal is that example explanation can guarantee that reflection lasering beam Lr directly is transmitted to the boundary condition outside the laser crystal.
As shown in Figure 6, can guarantee that the boundary condition that reflection lasering beam Lr directly is transmitted to outside the laser crystal is:
l’≤l，
Wherein l is the length than minor face of laser crystal; L ' is the length of the projection of reflection lasering beam Lr on the y direction of laser crystal; Hence one can see that, and when l '≤l, reflection lasering beam Lr can directly be transmitted to outside the laser crystal and can not incide on the end face S1.
L '=d '/tan2 θ wherein, propagate on less one side because incoming laser beam L presses close to the length of laser crystal, so d ' ≈ d (d is the diameter of laser crystal), l ' ≈ d/tan2 θ thus.
Can release d/tan2 θ≤l thus
Therefore, tan2 θ >=d/l.
Wherein because laser crystal is bar-shaped, and its length is usually much larger than its diameter, therefore can think laser crystal along the longer sides of longitudinal axis A and equal basically than the length of minor face, be referred to as the length of laser crystal, therefore available l represents the length of laser crystal.
For example, in the present embodiment, the diameter of laser medium is 20mm; Length is 360mm; Then utilize above-mentioned formula tan2 θ >=d/l, when calculating θ >=1.59 °, can guarantee that reflection lasering beam Lr can directly be transmitted to outside the laser crystal and can not incide on the end face S1.For the ease of cutting, can select cutting angle θ=2 °, can avoid the self-oscillation of laser.
For the laser crystal among the foregoing description 3 and the embodiment 4; Although depart from longitudinal axis A slightly owing to the effect of refractive index owing to incident end face S1 tilts to cause incoming laser beam; But can think approx that in practical application the laser beam and the longitudinal axis propagate abreast; Therefore in the situation of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, also can utilize formula tan2 θ >=d/l to calculate the approximate range that the reflection lasering beam Lr that sends as an envoy to directly is transmitted to the θ value outside the laser crystal.
For the laser crystal in the foregoing description 2; Owing to tilting to cause incoming laser beam, incident end face S1 departs from longitudinal axis A slightly owing to the effect of refractive index; And make reflection lasering beam Lr before inciding end face S1, depart from longitudinal axis A slightly; But can think approx that in practical application the reflection lasering beam Lr and the longitudinal axis incide on the end face S1 abreast; Therefore, also can utilize formula tan2 θ >=d/l to calculate to send as an envoy to reflection lasering beam Lr only promptly to be transmitted to the approximate range of the θ value outside the laser crystal through the primary event of end face S1.
Laser crystal for other shapes; Can easily the derive reflection lasering beam Lr that sends as an envoy to of those skilled in the art directly is transmitted to outside the laser crystal, or only through end face once or twice or less secondary reflection promptly be transmitted to the approximate range of the θ value outside the laser crystal.
According to other embodiments of the invention, wherein laser crystal is not limited to bar-shapedly, also can be other strips, and for example the cross section is the strip of rectangle, ellipse etc.
According to other embodiments of the invention; Wherein the normal of two of laser crystal end faces can be positioned at same plane as above-mentioned embodiment; Also can be positioned at different plane; That kind for example as shown in Figure 7, an end face tilts at above-below direction, and another end face tilts to left and right direction.
In sum; For the strip laser crystal; As long as the normal of one of incident end face and outgoing end face has the inclination of certain angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of strip laser crystal, can guarantee that laser can not vibrate back and forth, effectively avoids the self-oscillatory formation of laser in laser crystal.
In a preferred embodiment; The normal that makes one of incident end face and outgoing end face is designed to respect to the angle θ of the vertical axis tilt of strip laser crystal, make by the reflection lasering beam of outgoing end face reflection before leaving laser crystal less as far as possible number of times ground by end face reflection.
In more preferred embodiment, the normal that makes one of incident end face and outgoing end face is designed to respect to the angle θ of the vertical axis tilt of strip laser crystal, makes by the reflection lasering beam of outgoing end face reflection and directly transmits laser crystal.
In more preferred embodiment, the normal that makes one of incident end face and outgoing end face is designed to respect to the angle θ of the vertical axis tilt of strip laser crystal, and θ satisfies tan2 θ >=d/l.
In the foregoing description, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that in practical application, can select the normal of laser crystal end face and the angle of inclination between the laser crystal longitudinal axis between 0 to 90 ° as required.
It should be noted last that above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is specified with reference to embodiment; Those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; Technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement, do not break away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a laser crystal extends along the longitudinal axis, and it has first end face and second end face, and laser beam transmits laser crystal from first surface feeding sputtering and from second end face, and wherein one of at least the first end face and second end face are non-perpendicular with the said longitudinal axis.
2. laser crystal according to claim 1, wherein first end face and second end face are all non-perpendicular with the said longitudinal axis.
3. laser crystal according to claim 2, wherein the normal of the normal of first end face and second end face is in same plane.
4. laser crystal according to claim 2, wherein the normal of the normal of first end face and second end face is in different plane.
5. laser crystal according to claim 3, wherein the normal of first end face tilts to different directions with the normal of second end face.
6. laser crystal according to claim 3, wherein the normal of first end face tilts to identical direction with the normal of second end face.
7. laser crystal according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the angle between first end face and the said longitudinal axis and second end face and the said longitudinal axis is set to make and passes the reflection lasering beam that laser beam that first end face gets into laser crystal formed by second end face reflection and directly transmit outside the laser crystal.
8. laser crystal according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the angle between first end face and the said longitudinal axis and second end face and the said longitudinal axis is set to make and passes the reflection lasering beam that laser beam that first end face gets into laser crystal forms through the reflection of first end face after by second end face reflection again and directly transmit outside the laser crystal.
9. laser crystal according to claim 1; Wherein the angle theta between first end face and the said longitudinal axis satisfies tan2 θ >=d/l; Perhaps the angle between second end face and the said longitudinal axis satisfies tan2 α >=d/l; Perhaps satisfy tan2 θ >=d/l, tan2 α >=d/l simultaneously, wherein d is the diameter of laser crystal, and l is the length of laser crystal.
10. laser amplifier that has according to the described laser crystal of claim 1-9.
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| CN2012101584595A CN102694338A (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2012-05-21 | Laser crystal and laser amplifier comprising same |
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| CN2012101584595A CN102694338A (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2012-05-21 | Laser crystal and laser amplifier comprising same |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108306169A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-07-20 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wide band high-gain generating magnifier based on polarization encoder technology |
| CN108555438A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-09-21 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Laser machine fundamental frequency frequency multiplication switching system and its method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06268290A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1994-09-22 | Univ Osaka | Slab-type solid-state laser medium |
| CN1471205A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-01-28 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Solid waveguide laser |
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2012
- 2012-05-21 CN CN2012101584595A patent/CN102694338A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06268290A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1994-09-22 | Univ Osaka | Slab-type solid-state laser medium |
| CN1471205A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-01-28 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Solid waveguide laser |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108306169A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-07-20 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wide band high-gain generating magnifier based on polarization encoder technology |
| CN108306169B (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2020-08-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Broadband high-gain regenerative amplifier based on polarization coding technology |
| CN108555438A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-09-21 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Laser machine fundamental frequency frequency multiplication switching system and its method |
| CN108555438B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2024-05-10 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Fundamental frequency and frequency doubling switching system and method for laser processing |
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Application publication date: 20120926 |