CN102694329A - Process for producing low-noise and high-performance electric brushes by using copper-coated graphite powder - Google Patents
Process for producing low-noise and high-performance electric brushes by using copper-coated graphite powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for producing low-noise and high-performance electric brushes by using substitutional copper-coated graphite powder, and the process comprises the following steps: 1) kneading graphite powder and a bonding agent together so as to obtain colloidal graphite powder; 2) mixing the colloidal graphite powder, additives and a release agent so as to obtain mixed powder; 3) adding methanol or a gasoline low-carbon-residue binder dilute-solution in the mixed powder, mixing and then adding copper coated graphite powder into the obtained mixture; and 4) airing the material powder mixed in the step 3), pressing the material powder, and finally, sintering the material powder, thereby obtaining a low-noise and high-performance electric brush. According to the process disclosed by the invention, through adopting chemical substitutional copper coated graphite powder which can be industrialized as raw materials, and overcoming the defects that a chemical substitutional copper coated graphite powder coating is loose, porous and poor in binding force, and in the process of application, a copper plating layer is easy to fall off, a low-noise and high-performance electric brush is prepared. According to the process, a product can be obtained just through one-step molding and low-temperature heat treatment, therefore, the process is simple in working procedure, low in energy consumption, high in efficiency and short in production cycle, and the cost of the process is lower than that of a process implemented by using electrographite.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the brush production technology, specifically refer to a kind of technology that adopts the replacement copper plating graphite powder to produce low noise high-performance brush, belong to the brush technical field.
Background technology
The electric part of Hyundai Motor has generator, storage battery, starter motor and various servicing unit to use motor, like rain brush, ventilation blower and heater etc.Along with the great-leap-forward development of China's automobile industry, automobile popular and universal, the maturation of Chinese automobile customer base, people to the NVH performance demands of the automobile that can directly experience as client with increasingly high.NVH is meant Noise (noise), Vibration (vibration) and Harshness (sound vibration roughness).Noise, vibration directly affect comfortableness, environmental protection and the reliability of automobile.Noise is one of automobile noxious emission, the people is harmful to, so strict automobile noise limit value rules have all been formulated in countries in the world.Vibration not only can bring uncomfortable sensation to the occupant, also can cause the early failure of auto parts and components, also can influence to some extent the security reliability of automobile, and certainly, main influence still is occupant's comfortableness.Electric massage chair is as a kind of high-quality life health care articles for use, and its function is exactly massage descendant's flexible, in high spirits, the elimination fatigue in loosening all muscles, joint, obtains health-care effect.It is the same with automobile, and reducing noise has important effect to the comfortableness that improves electric massage chair.
The noise of motor and vibration mainly come from the electric sliding contact of motor.Electric sliding contact main application is can pass through electric current between the mutual slide unit that guarantees on various motors, instrument and the device.Electric sliding contact is as the parts on brush-commutator, brush-contact ring, trolley bus lead-bow collector slide block and other similar device in the technology in modern times.In the device running of these combining structure parts, except that transmitting electric current, some other interaction appears also.Wherein topmost have: friction, wearing and tearing each other, temperature raise and chemical reaction.The off-centre of engine commutator and the groove of commutator face can make brush produce vibration, and the brush of vibration and commutator and brush carrier produce friction, cause the operating noise of motor.The noise of brush, vibration and wearing and tearing not only relate to the version of contact component, equally also relate to the material that manufacture component is used.When changing brush material, its influence degree is most important.
Be divided into four big types to brush in China's industry proposed standard " JB/T4003-2001 brush for electromachine ": 1. electrographite brush; 2. electrographite brush; 3. resin bonded graphite brush; 4. metal graphite brush.Wherein resin bonded graphite brush is claimed the high resistant brush again, solidifies the back and directly uses, and resistivity is high, is not suitable for low-voltage motors such as automobile, massage armchair.Electrographite brush is through behind the graphited high-temperature process, and coefficient of friction is low, and anti-wear performance is good, can be used for making the low noise brush.But electrographite prepares the shortcoming that the low noise brush possesses following several respects again: brush adopt the electrographite blank through machine cuts, flat surface grinding, hole, fill out line, the mill cambered surface processes, operation is various, consumes a large amount of human resources; For little style brush, the blank utilance is lower than 50%, and the processing waste is many; The graphitization blank need pass through roasting and graphitization, and what have also need be through repeatedly dipping and repeatedly roasting, and roasting and graphitization temperature are high, and the time is long, and energy resource consumption is big, is unfavorable for energy-saving and emission-reduction; Roasting and graphitization cycle are long, generally enter factory to product export from raw material, need 2 to 3 months time, and the production cycle is long especially, and market adaptability is poor.Electrographite brush is to be primary raw material with native graphite (or Delanium); Through roasting but without graphitization; Production cycle is shorter relatively, and energy consumption is also lower, but its resistivity is difficult to satisfy the demand that motor develops to miniaturization, high rotating speed and high power direction.Metal graphite brush contains copper powder, and its resistance coefficient is minimum in all kinds of brushes since the density of copper (the former 8.9x103kg/m3 far above graphite; Latter 2.2x103kg/m3), be converted into the volume fraction of copper in brush and just reduce greatly, if the copper powder addition very little; Copper just is separated into isolated island in brush, be difficult to bring into play the excellent electric conductivity of copper, with increasing of copper powder addition; The sliding properties of brush becomes again worse and worse; Therefore noise is also increasing, adopts copper powder and graphite powder after mechanical mixture, the reshaping sintering and traditional copper graphite brush also be difficult to satisfy the demand that motor develops.
Adopting copper coated graphite powder is that raw material is made copper-plating graphite composite material; Can make copper form the continuous three-dimensional network; Effectively utilize the conductivity of copper and the lubrification of graphite, thereby can obtain to allow the new material that current density is big, the linear velocity high resistance and low resistance reaches low friction.From eighties of last century seventies, just the graphite powder copper-plating technique has been carried out more research both at home and abroad, what the direction of copper-plating technique research was more is galvanoplastic and electroless plating method.The graphite powder of re-plating is more excellent on indexs such as coating continuity and thickness after plating or the first chemical plating; But owing to change the fierceness fluctuation that the powder thickness of coating can cause system resistance in the electroplating process; Can't guarantee the process conditions of fixing; Its technology controlling and process is trouble, therefore on electroless plating method, studies comparatively active at present.Chemical plating just is meant not to be had under the condition of impressed current; Utilization is in same solution metal salt and reducing agent has the principle of carrying out the autocatalyzed oxidation reduction reaction on the matrix surface of catalytic activity, forms a kind of process for treating surface of metal or alloy coating at matrix surface.Adopt the utilization of electroless copper method more extensive; But the shortcoming of this method is: graphite pre-treating technology complicated (generally including oil removing, alligatoring, sensitization, four steps of activation); Plating bath is unstable; A large amount of copper powders is suspended in the plating bath or is deposited on the coating bath surface, thereby causes the loss of copper ion, and solution composition complicacy and preparation cost are high.Plating by chemical displacement adopts than the bold and vigorous metal of work in copper and makes reducing agent, and the copper ion in the reductive water solution forms copper plate on the graphite powder surface.In three kinds of copper-plating techniques, the chemical substituting plating copper technological process is short, and is simple, convenient, reliable, easy to control, and selects for use cheap organic solvent (like alcohol etc.) to avoid the SnCl that the costliness that needs to adopt is handled in sensitization
2, PdCl
2Deng raw material, cost is low, is fit to very much the industrialization utilization.But the replacement copper plating graphite powder also exists, and coating is loose, porous, the relatively poor shortcoming of adhesion.
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned deficiency to existing low noise electrical brush production technology exists the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel low noise high-performance electrical brush production technology, and this technology only needs one-shot forming; Operation is simple, and energy consumption is low, and efficient is high; With short production cycle, cost is lower than electrographite.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of replacement copper plating graphite powder is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, and its production stage is:
1) graphite powder and binding agent are mixed pinch, binding agent is 8～25% of a graphite powder weight, makes binding agent be wrapped in the surface of graphite powder equably; Mixing the mixed powder pinch beats powder and sieves and obtain the colloidal graphite powder;
2) with the 1st) go on foot colloidal graphite powder, additive and the release agent evenly mixing in mixer that obtains, incorporation time is 1～2 hour, obtains mixed-powder;
3) the 2nd) go on foot in the mixed-powder that obtains; Adding weight is the methyl alcohol or the low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of gasoline of mixed-powder total weight 0.5～5%; Mix after 10～20 minutes, add the copper coated graphite powder that weight is mixed-powder total weight 10～45% again, mixed 10～30 minutes;
4) with the 3rd) the material powder that mixes of step dries to remove the low temperature fugitive constituent in the material powder, through band line pressure system, at last at 600～850 ℃ of following sintering, promptly obtains low noise high-performance brush again.
Said binding agent can be pitch or phenolic resins, and pitch then heating is earlier pinched with graphite powder is mixed after making its liquid that forms the less good fluidity of viscosity again; Phenolic resins then adds earlier to be pinched with graphite powder is mixed after certain proportion solvent (methyl alcohol or ethanol) is regulated its viscosity again, its objective is to make binding agent be wrapped in the surface of graphite powder equably.
The low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is that solid content is lower than 50% low carbon residue binder solution, and mode or other form with spraying in the powder process join in the mixed-powder, and evenly mix.
The low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is the gasoline weak solution that contains the methyl alcohol weak solution of Lauxite or melamine resinoid or contain paraffin.
The low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is the 4th) produce thermal decomposition in the step sintering process, the catabolite overwhelming majority is a micro-molecular gas, the carbon residue rate is very little, even does not have carbon residue.
The chemical substituting plating copper graphite powder that this process using is easy to suitability for industrialized production is a raw material; And overcome that chemical substituting plating copper graphite powder coating is loose, porous, adhesion be relatively poor; In use, the shortcoming that copper plate is easy to come off has prepared low noise high-performance brush.This technology only needs one-shot forming, can obtain product through Low Temperature Heat Treatment, and operation is simple, and energy consumption is low, and efficient is high, and with short production cycle, cost is lower than electrographite.
Embodiment
Replacement copper plating graphite powder of the present invention is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, the steps include:
1) with graphite powder and binding agent mixed pinching in double Z shaped kneader, binding agent is 8～25% of a graphite powder weight, makes binding agent be wrapped in the surface of graphite powder equably; Mixing the mixed powder pinch beats powder and sieves and obtain the colloidal graphite powder.Said binding agent can be pitch or phenolic resins, and pitch then heating is earlier pinched with graphite powder is mixed after making its liquid that forms the less good fluidity of viscosity again; Phenolic resins then adds earlier to be pinched with graphite powder is mixed after certain proportion solvent (like methyl alcohol or ethanol) is regulated its viscosity (pinch for the ease of mixing, the phenol resin solution solid content is preferably lower than 50%) again, its objective is to make binding agent be wrapped in the surface of graphite powder equably.
2) with the 1st) go on foot colloidal graphite powder, additive and the release agent evenly mixing in mixer (tapered or waist-belt type) that obtains, incorporation time is 1～2 hour, obtains mixed-powder.The purpose of release agent is to wear after making that product can conveniently break away from from mould in the line pressure system, selects zinc stearate (its addition be generally material powder total amount that the 3rd step obtained about 0.04%) usually for use.Additive be meant kollag (like molybdenum bisuphide, tungsten disulfide etc., be generally the 3rd material powder total amount that obtains of step about 1～5%) or abrasive material (like boron nitride, boron carbide etc., be generally material powder total amount that the 3rd step obtained about 0.5～2%).As required, also can in this step, add copper powder simultaneously, copper powder is mainly regulated the resistance of brush, and addition is looked the brush purposes and decided.
3) the 2nd) go on foot in the mixed-powder that obtains; Adding weight is the methyl alcohol or the low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of gasoline of mixed-powder total weight 0.5～5%; Mix after 10～20 minutes, add the copper coated graphite powder that weight is mixed-powder total weight 10～45% again, mixed 10～30 minutes; Said copper coated graphite powder obtains through the chemical replacement method, and the copper content in the copper coated graphite powder is 50～70%;
4) with the 3rd) the material powder that mixes of step dries to remove the low temperature fugitive constituent in the material powder, through band line pressure system, at last at 600～850 ℃ of following sintering, promptly obtains low noise high-performance brush again.
The low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is the gasoline weak solution that contains the methyl alcohol weak solution of Lauxite or melamine resinoid or contain paraffin; Be that paraffin is dissolved in the liquid in the gasoline, or Lauxite or the liquid of melamine class resin dissolves in methyl alcohol (or ethanol).
More even in order to mix; The low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is that (solid content is meant that solution is heated to 150 degree to solid content; Be incubated after two hours; The ratio of remaining solid quality and solution quality) be lower than 50% low carbon residue binder solution, and mode or other form with spraying joins in the mixed-powder in the powder process, and evenly mix.
The low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline will produce thermal decomposition when above being heated to 300 degree, and the catabolite overwhelming majority is a micro-molecular gas, and the carbon residue rate is very little, even does not have carbon residue.So the 4th) step, the low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of methyl alcohol or gasoline was through thermal decomposition during 600～850 ℃ of following sintering, and the carbon residue rate is very little, does not have carbon residue basically.
The principle of the invention is following:
Reduce the commutator face peripheral speed, adopt soft brush, reduce brush and commutator friction, reduce the friction of brush and brush box wall and reduce the measure of vibrating and all can obtain effect preferably the noise of reduction motor.Along with the development of electromechanics trade, rotating speed of motor requires increasingly high, therefore is difficult to adopt reduction commutator face peripheral speed to reduce the noise of motor.Graphite has excellent lubrication and frictional behaviour; Improve content of graphite and minimizing copper content in the brush component; Except reducing to a certain extent the hardness of brush; Can also effectively reduce the friction of brush and commutator and the friction of brush and brush box wall, the vibration of metal graphite brush simultaneously also is to reduce and copper content increases and increases with content of graphite in the brush component.This process using copper coated graphite powder substitute copper powder production low noise brush; The copper content of copper coated graphite powder is 50～70%, and its density is far below copper powder density, after colloidal graphite powder (mixing the graphite powder of binding agent) mixes; The shared volume fraction of copper-plated graphite improves; Improve the electric conductivity of copper graphite brush, in electrographite brush, added copper coated graphite powder 10～45% (effectively copper content is merely 5～30%), also can make the metal graphite brush of preparation have excellent electric performance.On the basis of satisfying the brush electrical property, reduced the copper content in the brush, promptly increased the content of graphite in the brush, the sliding capability of metal graphite brush improves, and noise reduces.The hardness of the brush of employing copper coated graphite powder preparation is lower than the brush hardness of copper powder production, promptly can prepare soft brush, thereby reduce the noise of brush.Find also that in manufacture craft of the present invention copper coated graphite powder is thinner because form copper plate on the graphite powder surface, its plasticity is far below copper powder; Simultaneously in the copper coated graphite powder between copper plate and the graphite matrix combine and insecure, with the mixed film friction of colloidal graphite powder in, copper plate is prone to come off; Incorporation time is long more; It is many more to come off, and promptly exposed graphite powder (not having binding agent also not have the copper layer to coat) is also many more, and the factor of this two aspect all can reduce the processability and the sintering character of mixed powder.For overcoming above-mentioned shortcoming; This process using short copper coated graphite powder and the incorporation time (10～30 minutes) of mixed powder; In the process of mixing, also sprayed into certain weak solution that contains binding agent (0.5～5% of powder total weight, solid content is lower than 50%) simultaneously.The low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of atomizing is by bigger fine copper absorption (the chemical substituting plating copper graphite powder that this technology use cost is minimum of specific area; Its copper plate is also discontinuous on the surface of graphite powder; Adhesion is poor, and is loose porous), form liquid bridge formation power with graphite matrix; Make that the adhesion of fine copper and graphite powder is higher; Simultaneously the weak solution of the low carbon residue binding agent that is atomized of mixed-powder wetting after, also reduced the frictional force of powder in mixing, thereby made copper plate difficult drop-off more in mixing.The adding of the weak solution of low carbon residue binding agent helps the homogenizing and the granulation of mixed-powder in addition, shortens incorporation time, and amino resin can increase the plasticity of mixed powder simultaneously, improves its processability.The weak solution of low carbon residue binding agent is the thermal decomposition volatilization under the higher thermal treatment temperature, and the carbon residue rate is very low, and the copper in brush forms the micropore that is evenly distributed mutually, regulates the addition of low carbon residue binding agent, the volume fraction that can regulate its micropore.This porous not only can reduce the hardness of brush mutually, makes the noise of brush lower, can also absorbed oscillation and noise.
Claims (10)
1. a replacement copper plating graphite powder is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, it is characterized in that its production stage is:
1) graphite powder and binding agent are mixed pinch, binding agent is 8～25% of a graphite powder weight, makes binding agent be wrapped in the surface of graphite powder equably; Mixing the mixed powder pinch beats powder and sieves and obtain the colloidal graphite powder;
2) with the 1st) go on foot colloidal graphite powder, additive and the release agent evenly mixing in mixer that obtains, incorporation time is 1～2 hour, obtains mixed-powder;
3) the 2nd) go on foot in the mixed-powder that obtains; Adding weight is the methyl alcohol or the low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of gasoline of mixed-powder total weight 0.5～5%; Mix after 10～20 minutes, add the copper coated graphite powder that weight is mixed-powder total weight 10～45% again, mixed 10～30 minutes;
4) with the 3rd) the material powder that mixes of step dries to remove the low temperature fugitive constituent in the material powder, through band line pressure system, at last at 600～850 ℃ of following sintering, promptly obtains low noise high-performance brush again.
2. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush; It is characterized in that: said additive is a kollag; Kollag is molybdenum bisuphide or tungsten disulfide, and its addition is the 3rd) the material powder total amount that obtains of step 1～5%.
3. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, and it is characterized in that: said additive is an abrasive material, and abrasive material is boron nitride or boron carbide, and its addition is the 3rd) the material powder total amount that obtains of step 0.5～2%.
4. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, and it is characterized in that: said release agent is a zinc stearate, and its addition is the 3rd) the material powder total amount that obtains of step 0.04%.
5. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, and it is characterized in that: said binding agent is a pitch, and pitch adds earlier to mix with graphite powder behind the liquid of the less good fluidity of thermosetting viscosity again to be pinched.
6. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, and it is characterized in that: said binding agent is a phenolic resins, and phenolic resins is pinched with graphite powder is mixed after adding its viscosity of certain proportion solvent adjustment earlier again.
7. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush; It is characterized in that: the low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is that solid content is lower than 50% low carbon residue binder solution; Mode with spraying in the powder process joins in the mixed-powder, and evenly mixes.
8. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 7 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, it is characterized in that: the low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is the gasoline weak solution that contains the methyl alcohol weak solution of Lauxite or melamine resinoid or contain paraffin.
9. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush; It is characterized in that: the low carbon residue binding agent weak solution of said methyl alcohol or gasoline is the 4th) produce thermal decomposition in the step sintering process, the catabolite overwhelming majority is a micro-molecular gas.
10. replacement copper plating graphite powder according to claim 1 is produced the technology of low noise high-performance brush, and it is characterized in that: said copper coated graphite powder obtains through the chemical replacement method.
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| CN104190922B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-04-13 | 四川理工学院 | Graphite granule Composite Coatings process for copper |
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| CN106848802B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-02-19 | 重庆市河海碳素制品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of brush |
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| CN108512006B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2021-02-26 | 上海新池能源科技有限公司 | Copper-graphite-graphene electric brush and preparation method thereof |
| CN108832439A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-16 | 汉寿县祥顺碳制品有限公司 | A kind of automotive electronics fan carbon brush used for electric engine and preparation method thereof |
| CN111217366A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-02 | 北京科技大学 | Method for coating boron carbide by flake graphite in-situ reaction |
| TWI783347B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-11-11 | 國家中山科學研究院 | Method for making carbon-based contact sheet |
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| CN114361905B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2024-02-13 | 泸州职业技术学院 | Copper-plated graphite powder in-situ grown spiral nano carbon fiber and carbon brush thereof |
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