CN102694268B - Heterogeneous metamaterial - Google Patents
Heterogeneous metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN102694268B CN102694268B CN201110074116.6A CN201110074116A CN102694268B CN 102694268 B CN102694268 B CN 102694268B CN 201110074116 A CN201110074116 A CN 201110074116A CN 102694268 B CN102694268 B CN 102694268B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heterogeneous metamaterial. The metamaterial comprises a sheet-shape substrate and a plurality of holes arranged in the sheet-shape substrate. The sheet-shape substrate is divided into a plurality of crystal lattices. The each hole is arranged in one crystal lattice so as to form one unit. The heterogeneous metamaterial provided in the invention has the following advantages that: a volume is small; the metamaterial is simple and easy to be realized; cost is low; a wide application prospect is possessed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Meta Materials field, more particularly, relate to a kind of inhomogeneous metamaterial.
Background technology
At present, Meta Materials (metamaterial) is as a kind of design of material theory and study frontier, more and more cause the concern of people, so-called Meta Materials, refer to some artificial composite structures with the extraordinary physical property not available for natural material or composite material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick of material, the restriction of some apparent natural law can be broken through, thus acquisition exceeds the intrinsic common meta-materials function of nature.
" Meta Materials " that develop so far comprising: " left-handed materials ", photonic crystal, " super magnetic material " etc., the intrinsic properties of Meta Materials character often not major decision and constituent material, and is decided by artificial structure wherein.
Meta Materials affects the index that electromagnetic wave mainly pays close attention to the following aspects:
1) high-performance.Higher performance should be had on electromagnetic impact, affect state close to required.
2) low-loss.There is higher energy affect efficiency, to realize the target of saving energy and reduce the cost.
3) size is little.Do not take too much space.
In addition, should be easy to realize on electromagnetic impact, design should be too not complicated, and device cost should be not too high.
Meta Materials is made up of media substrate and the multiple artificial structure arranged on upper base material, can provide the material behavior that various common material has and do not have.Single artificial structure size is generally less than 1/10 wavelength, and it has electroresponse and/or magnetic response to extra electric field and/or magnetic field, thus has and show effective dielectric constant and/or equivalent permeability, or equivalent refractive index and wave impedance.The effective dielectric constant of artificial structure and equivalent permeability (or equivalent refractive index and wave impedance) are determined by cell geometry dimensional parameters, can artificially design and control.Further, artificial structure can have the anisotropic electromagnetic parameter of artificial design, thus produces the phenomenon of many novelties, provides possibility for realizing electromagnetic impact.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provide a kind of volume little, simple, be easy to realize and the low a kind of inhomogeneous metamaterial affected electromagnetic wave of cost.
The present invention solves the first technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: a kind of inhomogeneous metamaterial, comprising: plate shape substrates and some apertures, and described plate shape substrates is divided into some lattices, and described aperture is placed in described lattice and forms a unit.
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, described Meta Materials is formed by multiple plate shape substrates is stacking, and each plate shape substrates is all attached with multiple aperture, and all apertures form periodic array in space,
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, the medium in described aperture is air.
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, described aperture is uniformly distributed in periodicity in described plate shape substrates.
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, described pattern is the derivative type of " mouth " font or " mouth " font.
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, described aperture by etching, bore quarters, photoetching, electronics carve or ion quarter method formed on plate shape substrates.
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, described plate shape substrates is obtained by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, be filled with medium in described aperture, described medium material is not identical with the material of described plate shape substrates.
In inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, the effective dielectric constant ε of described unit and equivalent permeability μ, when plate shape substrates is selected, changes the shape of aperture, design size and/or aperture arrangement in space and obtains numerical value by emulating.
Implement the electromagnetic Meta Materials of impact of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
2. simply, be easy to realization, low cost, by Meta Materials, electromagnetic wave affected, do not rely on kind and the shape of equipment;
3. be with a wide range of applications, by Meta Materials, so can make electromagnetic wave transfer to from a direction another one direction, can focused electromagnetic wave-wave bundle, can be used for manufacturing high degree of orientation antenna, realize perfect lens, generate various unusual phenomenon.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of inhomogeneous metamaterial block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is another visual angle of Fig. 1.
The name that in figure, each label is corresponding is called:
10 plate shape substrates, 20 apertures.
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural feature in detail, realized object and effect, accompanying drawing is coordinated to be explained in detail below in conjunction with execution mode.
" Meta Materials " refers to some artificial composite structures with the extraordinary physical property not available for natural material or composite material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick of material, the restriction of some apparent natural law can be broken through, thus obtain the meta-materials function exceeding the intrinsic common character of nature.
Three key characters that " Meta Materials " is important:
(1) " Meta Materials " normally has the composite material of novel artificial structure;
(2) " Meta Materials " has extraordinary physical property (often in natural material not available);
(3) intrinsic properties of " Meta Materials " character often not major decision and constituent material, and be decided by artificial structure wherein.
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in example one of the present invention, a kind of inhomogeneous metamaterial, comprising: plate shape substrates 10 and some apertures 20.Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention inhomogeneous metamaterial, and it is actually multiple Meta Materials along being laminated with the direction of horizontal plane, and Fig. 2 is the front view of a Meta Materials.Plate shape substrates 10 is divided into some lattices, and the concept of " lattice " is from solid-state physics, and " lattice " here refers to the size in Meta Materials shared by each aperture 20." lattice " size depends on the wave frequency that aperture 20 needs respond, and usual aperture 20 is of a size of 1/10th of the electromagnetic wavelength of required response.
Aperture 20 is placed in lattice and forms a unit, the effective dielectric constant ε of described unit and equivalent permeability μ is when plate shape substrates 10 is selected, change the pattern of aperture 20, design size and/or aperture arrangement in space and obtain numerical value by emulating, aperture 20 pattern is the derivative type of " mouth " font or " mouth " font, concrete restriction is not had to the shape of aperture 20, aperture 20 by the method for punching, also can by etching, bore quarter, photoetching, electronics quarter or ion and be engraved in and plate shape substrates 10 formed aperture.
In order to more efficiently affect electromagnetic wave, Meta Materials is generally formed by multiple plate shape substrates 10 is stacking, and each plate shape substrates 10 is all drilled with multiple aperture 20, and all apertures 20 form periodic array in space, and the medium in aperture 20 is air.Depending on the needs of actual conditions, in aperture, also can medium be filled with, but rubber, plastics, resin etc., but medium material is not identical with the material of described plate shape substrates 10.By filling the different material of other electromagnetic parameter, the position of design aperture 20, quantity, and the kind of packing material makes the distribution of the electromagnetic parameter of material can present more complicated, abundanter condition, thus meet our requirement to each side that electromagnetic wave controls.
Except the mode of punching, we also can pass through the mode of other physics and chemistries, as: etch, bore quarter, photoetching, electronics carves or ion is carved the combination of materials of different electromagnetic property together.This composite material technique, it can realize the function of inhomogeneous metamaterial.
In order to more regular effect and higher efficiency, aperture 20 is in being periodically uniformly distributed in described lattice, and during the aperture of electromagnetic wave by thousands of uniformity, quantitative change causes qualitative change, additive effect can occur, and produces much unusual phenomenon.
Wherein, some apertures 20 are holed on medium substrate 10, and according to the electromagnetic wavelength X that will receive, metal substrate 20 can be divided into some lattices, its length and width can not exceed 1/10 of wavelength X, and some apertures 20 are placed in lattice.
Some artificial apertures 20, by being realized by artificial technology, can be designed by the artificial aperture to having certain electric magnetic characteristic, that is: design aperture 20, and the shape of described aperture is square, cylindrical, conical or truncated cone-shaped.
The DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of electromagnetic refractive index material and the product reaction of magnetic permeability μ have relation, when a branch of electromagnetic wave by a kind of Medium Propagation to another medium time, electromagnetic wave can reflect, and the larger position deviation angle of refractive index is larger, when the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave to the larger position deviation of refractive index ratio, by changing refractive index distribution in the material, will can change electromagnetic wave propagation path.
Meta Materials can to electric field or magnetic field, or both carry out corresponding simultaneously.The response of electric field is depended on to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of Meta Materials, and the response in magnetic field is depended on to the magnetic permeability μ of Meta Materials.By to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of every bit in Meta Materials space and the accurate control of magnetic permeability μ, we can realize by Meta Materials electromagnetic impact.
The electromagnetic parameter even or distribution heterogeneous in space of Meta Materials is one of key character of Meta Materials.The electromagnetic parameter a kind of special shape be uniformly distributed as non-uniform Distribution in space, but its concrete property, remain and determined by the characteristic of the unit structure arranged in space.Therefore, by the characteristic of each structure arranged in design space, the electromagnetic property of whole Novel meta-material every bit in space just can be designed.This electromagnetic material system will have numerous Strange properties, can play special guiding function to electromagnetic wave propagation.
The effective dielectric constant ε of aperture and medium substrate and the system of selection of equivalent permeability μ are:
The first step, by Computer Simulation and experiment test, cellular construction (comprising aperture and the medium substrate) electromagnetic property within the specific limits of some various geometric is measured, store and measure the electromagnetic response curve that obtains, determine the dielectric constant of various different cellular construction and magnetic permeability and be present in a database;
Second step, the electromagnetic effect of impact as required determines corresponding dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, exists in a database.
3rd step, selects the cellular construction of Meta Materials respective point from database according to above-mentioned dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
Those skilled in the art should expect, above-mentioned method realizes by the method for software program, and this software program may reside in hard disk, floppy disk, USB flash disk and CD.
In the present invention, to the concrete pattern not requirement of aperture 20, as long as because it meets our final modulation, conversion, focuses on or disperse and so on effect, namely feasible.Generally, aperture is in space in periodic array, and preferably, all apertures are the periodic array of uniformity in space.Given this, the combination of aperture 20 on Meta Materials is unlimited.The pattern that can be aperture is identical, but its design size is different; Also can be that pattern is all not identical with design size.This according to specific needs can be different, it is all the result after Computer Simulation, that is in whole Meta Materials, the pattern of aperture, design size and spatial arrangement all obtain by computer is reverse, because the substantial amounts of aperture in whole Meta Materials, if therefore Top-Down Design, cannot realize at all.
The present invention utilizes the ordered arrangement of aperture, by the effective dielectric constant ε of medium substrate and aperture and the product non-uniform Distribution of equivalent permeability μ, thus reaches the electromagnetic effect of impact.
Implement the electromagnetic Meta Materials of impact of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
2. simply, be easy to realization, low cost, by Meta Materials, electromagnetic wave affected, do not rely on kind and the shape of electromagnetic wave device;
3. be with a wide range of applications, Meta Materials by electromagnetic impact, so can make electromagnetic wave transfer to from a direction another one direction, can focused electromagnetic wave-wave bundle, can be used for manufacturing high degree of orientation antenna, realize perfect lens, generate various unusual phenomenon.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that present inventive concept and claim protect, also can make a lot of form, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an inhomogeneous metamaterial, it is characterized in that, comprising: plate shape substrates and the multiple apertures be arranged in plate shape substrates, described plate shape substrates is divided into multiple lattice, the length of lattice and width can not exceed 1/10 of wavelength X, and each aperture is placed in a lattice and forms a unit; Be filled with medium in described aperture, described medium material is not identical with the material of described plate shape substrates; The effective dielectric constant ε of aperture and medium substrate and the system of selection of equivalent permeability μ are: measure the cellular construction electromagnetic property within the specific limits of the some various geometric comprising aperture and medium substrate, obtain electromagnetic response curve, determine dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of various different cellular construction, the electromagnetic effect of impact as required determines corresponding dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, thus selects the cellular construction of respective point; The effective dielectric constant ε of described unit and equivalent permeability μ, when plate shape substrates is selected, changes the shape of aperture, design size and/or aperture arrangement in space and obtains numerical value by emulating.
2. inhomogeneous metamaterial as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Meta Materials is formed by multiple plate shape substrates is stacking, and each plate shape substrates is all drilled with multiple aperture, and all apertures form periodic array in space.
3. inhomogeneous metamaterial as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the medium in described aperture is air.
4. inhomogeneous metamaterial as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described aperture is uniformly distributed in periodicity on described plate shape substrates.
5. inhomogeneous metamaterial as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the shape of described aperture is square, cylindrical, conical or truncated cone-shaped.
6. inhomogeneous metamaterial as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described aperture by punching, etching, bore quarters, photoetching, electronics carve or the method at ion quarter is formed on plate shape substrates.
7. inhomogeneous metamaterial as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described plate shape substrates is obtained by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
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| CN104916918B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2018-05-25 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of high-gain horn antenna based on Meta Materials loading |
| US10381735B2 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2019-08-13 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Multi-band single feed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array |
| CN108897087B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-08-23 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Nano structure capable of improving asymmetric transmission and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
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| US8130171B2 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2012-03-06 | The Boeing Company | Lens for scanning angle enhancement of phased array antennas |
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