CN102693363B - Scene management method in online game based on quad-tree - Google Patents
Scene management method in online game based on quad-tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scene management method in online game based on quad-tree, comprising the following steps: building a coordinate system in any scene; freely dividing tree nodes of the scene and a coordinate identifier in the coordinate system where the tree node is located; performing a binding record for object ID of each object in the scene and the coordinate corresponding to the tree node; when performing the collision detection for any object in the scene, finding the tree node corresponding to the coordinate in the present record according to the object ID of the object, determining if other objects exist in the tree node and surrounding eight tree nodes; if so, determining that the object collided with the object exists; if not, determining that no object collided with the object exists. The method can improve the scene management efficiency in online game.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, particularly in a kind of online game based on quaternary tree scene management method.
Background technology
How to indicate the complex scene that contain thousands of object well, be that design system must be considered.Good hierarchical relationship is provided to screen better to scene.Scene management relates to visual process and collision detection, and system needs to judge which part of scene is within view volume, in addition, needs the object found fast in specified scope, and does not need to travel through all objects.
The object opsition dependent shape in space, or certain relation between spatial object, arrange in sequence.Contribute to making user can according to positional information, quick-searching be to suitable object.
When carrying out scene management by traditional quaternary tree, only have leaf node just can be assigned with object, and same object may be assigned with multiple leaf node, so not only adds information redundancy, also can reduce the search efficiency of index tree.
Scene management is carried out by improving quaternary tree in existing realization, in one scenario, from root node, if the minimum area-encasing rectangle of this object (Minimun Bounding Rectang, MBR) within the scope of this node, and this object is not comprised by four child nodes of this node, then it belongs to this node.Whole process recurrence, makes root node or intermediate node to be assigned with object like this, and the object that each node distributes does not repeat.See the compartition schematic diagram that Fig. 1, Fig. 1 are quaternary tree in certain scene in online game.See Fig. 2, Fig. 2 be in online game in certain scene object node distribute schematic diagram.
In Fig. 2, determine that the process of the affiliated node of No. 6 objects is: compared with root node by No. 6 objects, within the scope of root node, and then compare with four child nodes of root node, find in the scope of NW node; Compare with four child nodes of NW node again, find that four nodes all do not comprise No. 6 objects; Determine that No. 6 objects belong to NW node; When carrying out collision detection to certain object, need other all objects detecting place node, and all objects of the child node of place node, and all objects of ancestors' node of place node.For No. 2 objects, determine all objects having collision with No. 2 objects, process is as follows:
First detect with all objects in No. 2 object place node NW, No. 5 No. 6 all do not collide with No. 2 objects; Then detect with the object in all descendants's nodes of NW node, find there is collision with No. 1 object; Detect with the object in the father node root node of NW node again; No. 13 objects all do not collide with No. 2 objects; Because root node has been root node, there is no father node, detected and terminate.
The quaternary tree scene management method improved, the situation process of an object being crossed over to multiple node scope has some improvement, but for the slightly special node in some position (as 3, No. 13 nodes, on the sub-cut-off rule of root node), when carrying out collision detection, because place node is root node, so all objects are all in its place node or in descendants's node of its place node.So can carry out between it and each object its collision detection.Reduce the efficiency of scene management.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides in a kind of online game based on quaternary tree scene management method, can improve online game Scene management efficiency.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Based on the scene management method of quaternary tree in a kind of online game, coordinate system is set up in arbitrary described scene, the tree node of the described scene of arbitrary segmentation is with the coordinates logo in coordinate system described in its place, and the coordinate corresponding to the object identity (ID) of each object in described scene and the tree node at its place is bound record, described method comprises:
When arbitrary object carries out collision detection in described scene, tree node corresponding to the coordinate of the correspondence found in current described record according to the object ID of described object, and determine whether there are other objects in this tree node and surrounding eight tree nodes, if so, determine to there is the object collided with described object; Otherwise, determine to there is not the object collided with described object.
In sum, the present invention by setting up coordinate system in scene, and the tree node of split sence, with coordinates logo, records each object and its place tree node in scene by coordinate and object ID binding; When carrying out collision detection, only need locate around the object place tree node and this tree node that will detect whether there are other objects in 8 tree nodes, improve the efficiency of online game Scene management.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the compartition schematic diagram of quaternary tree in certain scene in online game;
Fig. 2 is that in online game, in certain scene, object node distributes schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the scene management schematic flow sheet based on quaternary tree in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is overlapping Quadtree Partition scene effect figure in the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 5 is that in the specific embodiment of the invention, in Fig. 4, abscissa is the overlapping quaternary tree scene cut schematic diagram of the tree node of 0;
Fig. 6 is that the node of object in overlapping quaternary tree scene in the embodiment of the present invention one distributes schematic diagram;
Be overlapping Quadtree Partition scene effect figure in the embodiment of the present invention two in Fig. 7;
Fig. 8 is that the node of object in overlapping quaternary tree scene in the embodiment of the present invention two distributes schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
For making object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, to develop simultaneously embodiment referring to accompanying drawing, scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of scene management method based on quaternary tree in online game is proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, coordinate system is set up in arbitrary described scene, the object ID of each object in described scene and the coordinate corresponding to the tree node at its place with the coordinates logo in coordinate system described in its place, and are bound record by the tree node of the described scene of arbitrary segmentation.For the object of movement in scene, when this object move front place tree node is different from current place tree node, upgrade described record.
Wherein, the object ID of each object in described scene and the coordinate corresponding to the tree node at its place with the coordinates logo in coordinate system described in its place, and are bound record and are comprised by the tree node of the described scene of arbitrary segmentation:
The transverse and longitudinal distance of the tree node of the described scene of described segmentation is d
xand d
y, and d
x/ 2 and d
y/ 2 respectively as the unit distance of described coordinate system, and the coordinate of arbitrary summit in described coordinate system of the MBR of the arbitrary tree node in described scene is (x, y), and in described scene, the coordinate on the MBR of arbitrary object and the summit of described tree node correspondence position is (x
0, y
0), the coordinate matching of the coordinate after respectively the transverse and longitudinal coordinate on the summit of the MRB of described object being rounded downwards and the tree node in described scene, tree node corresponding to the coordinate matched is as the tree node at this object place, and the coordinate corresponding to the object ID of this object and the tree node at its place is bound record, wherein, described d
xand d
ydetermine according to the MBR of object in described scene.
Each tree node of split sence represents a region in scene, this region is generally rectangle, in the embodiment of the present invention, the MBR scope of each tree node is namely with the actual range of each tree node, when determining the coordinate of each tree node, then choose the arbitrary summit in four summits, but the position on summit that each tree node is chosen is same position.When the tree node at the object of locating in scene or scope place, the coordinate of object or the scope summit according to the MBR of object or scope on upper and tree node correspondence position is determined.Coordinate is determined on summit as the upper left corner selecting rectangle, then the coordinate of tree node, object and scope is all determined by the summit in the upper left corner of its MBR.
Described d
xand d
yaccording to the method that the MBR of object in described scene determines be: if the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of the maximum object of the MBR of the object in described scene is d
xmand d
ym, then d
xand d
ybe respectively d
xmand d
ym2n doubly, wherein, n is natural number, d
xand d
ybe not more than the transverse and longitudinal distance of described scene respectively.
Split the rectangular area of the tree node of described scene by transverse and longitudinal distance d in a coordinate system
xand d
ydetermine, in scene, the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of the object that the MBR of object is maximum is radix, and the regional extent of each tree node is 4 times, 16 times, 32 times of this radix etc., determines according to actual needs, if only detected object collision in this scene, then only needs d
xand d
ybe respectively d
xmand d
ym2 times.If also range detection need be carried out in scene, then need to determine d according to the MBR of the scope that will detect
xand d
ybe respectively d
xmand d
ymmultiple proportion, as this detection range transverse and longitudinal distance respectively close to 4 times of d
xmand d
ym, then the object ID of object in the coordinate of the tree node again recording split sence under this unit distance and scene is needed.Until the regional extent of whole scene can only with a tree node segmentation, the meaning at this moment split is also little, because need to detect the object in whole scene.
See the scene management schematic flow sheet that Fig. 3, Fig. 3 are based on quaternary tree in the embodiment of the present invention.Concrete steps are:
Step 301, when arbitrary object carries out collision detection in described scene, the tree node corresponding to the coordinate of the correspondence found in current described record according to the object ID of described object.
When arbitrary object carries out collision detection in scene, in current described record, find the tree node at described object place according to the object ID of described object
Step 302, determines whether there are other objects in this tree node and surrounding eight tree nodes, if so, performs step 303; Otherwise, perform step 304.
Step 303, determines to there is the object collided with described object, process ends.
When determining the object that there is collision in this step, the if desired object that collides with this object of location, the then object ID recording this object and the coordinate of the tree node at object place collided with this object.
Step 304, determines to there is not the object collided with described object.
The method comprises further:
When arbitrary scope detects in described scene, the tree node at the current place of described scope detected is carried out in location, and determine the object that whether exists in eight tree nodes around the tree node at the current place of this scope and this tree node in described scene, if so, then determine to there is collision in this detection range; Otherwise, determine to there is not collision in this detection range.
Wherein, the method that the tree node at the current place of described scope detected is carried out in location is: the coordinate determining the summit of the MBR of described scope and the correspondence position of described tree node, and respectively described transverse and longitudinal coordinate is rounded downwards, and determine the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of described scope, in described record, the tree node at the current place of this scope is matched downwards according to the coordinate after the apex coordinate of the transverse and longitudinal of the MBR of the described described scope determined distance and described scope rounds.
When collision detection is carried out to object arbitrary in scene, the tree node at this object place and when there are other objects in eight tree nodes around this tree node, determine to there is with this object the object collided; During to a certain range detection, as long as there is object in eight tree nodes around the tree node at this scope place and this tree node, just determine to there is collision.
The method comprises further:
The transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of scope overlapping between each adjacent tree node in scene is respectively d
x/ 2 and d
y/ 2; When mobile object in scene moves in described overlapping range, its current place tree node is constant.When the tree node at object place is constant, do not change the coordinate of the object ID of binding and the tree node at its place.
When mobile object in scene moves in described overlapping range, its current place tree node is constant, namely the lap between tree node is the mobile cushioning district of object, has effectively cushioned object and has rocked in segmenting edge and cause the tree node at object place frequently to jump.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describing in detail in the specific embodiment of the invention is how realize scene management in online game by overlapping quaternary tree.
Embodiment one, carries out collision detection to object arbitrary in scene.
Be overlapping Quadtree Partition scene effect figure in the embodiment of the present invention one see Fig. 4, Fig. 4.There are 16 objects in scene in Fig. 4, as can be seen from the figure, object ID is that the MBR of 7 objects is maximum, its transverse and longitudinal distance dx7 and dy7 establishes and is d, transverse and longitudinal distance between each tree node then splitting Fig. 4 Scene is 2 times of dx7 and dy7, and namely transverse and longitudinal distance is respectively 2d, build the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of coordinate system unit distance be d, and in transverse and longitudinal distance areas, there is the overlap of the half-distance between node, namely the transverse and longitudinal overlap distance of tree node is d.Be that in the specific embodiment of the invention, in Fig. 4, abscissa is the overlapping quaternary tree scene cut schematic diagram of the tree node of 0 see Fig. 5, Fig. 5.As shown in Figure 5 between the coordinate tree node that to be the tree node of (0,0) and coordinate be (0,1) on y direction overlapping unit distance d, identical in X direction, be no longer described in detail here.
The node being object in overlapping quaternary tree scene in the embodiment of the present invention one see Fig. 6, Fig. 6 distributes schematic diagram.To determine that object ID is the tree node that the node at the object place of 1,2,5 illustrates each object place.As can be seen from Fig. 4, object ID is that the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the object of 1 is approximately respectively 1.5 and 0.5, to its transverse and longitudinal coordinate respectively under round after transverse and longitudinal coordinate be respectively 1 and 0, therefore, object ID is that the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the tree node at the object place of 1 is respectively 1 and 0; The transverse and longitudinal coordinate of object 2 is approximately respectively 1.8 and 0.8, is respectively 1 and 0 to the transverse and longitudinal coordinate after its transverse and longitudinal coordinate rounds respectively, therefore object ID be 2 object and object ID be that the object of 1 is at same tree node; Object ID is that the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the object of 5 is approximately respectively 0.3 and 1.6, is respectively 0 and 1 to the transverse and longitudinal coordinate after its transverse and longitudinal coordinate rounds respectively, and therefore, object ID is that the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the tree node at the object place of 5 is respectively 0 and 1.
When the object that the object that needs detection and object ID are 1 collides, only need first to search corresponding coordinate in figure 6 according to object ID 1, coordinate is (1,0), be all objects in the tree node (1,0) at the object place of 1 at check object ID.Here only have ID be 2 object, with tree node n (1,0) all in the node of eight around objects, due to tree node (1,0) left side is not in the scene detected, therefore value detects the tree node (0 in scene, 0), (0,1), (1,1), (2,1) and (2,0), only have here (0,1) inner ID be 5 object and (1,1) inner ID is the object of 6, and other tree nodes are without object.Therefore determine to there is colliding object in this collision detection, and know to there is the ID of colliding object and the tree node at its place respectively.
The object ID high for inspection complexity is the object of 3, here only needs to check (3,0), (2,0), (2,1), (3,1), (4,0), (4,1) several node.Make the collision complex degree of object in scene only relevant with the quantity of surrounding objects.And mobile in object, after leaving the scope that this node comprises, again enter this node, need the distance of mobile 1/2nd node length of sides, effectively cushioned edge and rocked the frequent jump caused.
Embodiment two, carries out collision detection to scope arbitrary in scene.
See in Fig. 7, Fig. 7 being overlapping Quadtree Partition scene effect figure in the embodiment of the present invention two.Fig. 7 and Fig. 4 is Same Scene, there are 16 objects in this scene, owing to carrying out collision detection to the scope A in figure, as can be seen from the figure, the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of this detection range is approximately 4 times that object ID is the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of the object of 7 respectively, therefore, transverse and longitudinal distance between each tree node of segmentation Fig. 4 Scene is 4 times of dx7 and dy7, namely transverse and longitudinal distance is respectively 4d, build the unit distance of the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of coordinate system for being 2d, and in transverse and longitudinal distance areas, there is the overlap of the half-distance between node, namely the transverse and longitudinal overlap distance of tree node is 2d.The overlapping range of the tree node on transverse and longitudinal direction, all with shown in Fig. 5, is here no longer described in detail.
The node being object in overlapping quaternary tree scene in the embodiment of the present invention two see Fig. 8, Fig. 8 distributes schematic diagram.Same Fig. 6 of concrete generating mode of this figure, the difference of embodiment one and embodiment two is only the transverse and longitudinal of the MBR of the tree node of split sence apart from inconsistent, unit length in coordinate system is inconsistent, concrete cutting procedure and tree node assigning process similar, be no longer described in detail here.
Collision detection is carried out to scope A, namely determine the tree node at scope A place and around whether there is object in eight tree nodes, therefore, first the tree node at scope A place, coordinate due to each tree node passes through the top left corner apex coordinates logo of its MBR, therefore by the tree node at the top left corner apex determination scope A place of the MBR of this scope A, as shown in Figure 7, the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of scope A is approximately 1.2 and 1.6, to its respectively under round rear gained transverse and longitudinal coordinate be 1 and 1, therefore the coordinate of the tree node at scope A place is (1, 1), then only need to determine that coordinate is (1, 1) coordinate (0 of eight tree nodes and around, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2) whether there is the object in scene in, as can be seen from Fig. 8, in these tree nodes, there is object ID is 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, the object of 11 and 12, therefore in scope A, there is collision, and record the coordinate of the object ID of these objects and its tree node at place separately as required.
Above-mentioned two embodiments are described in detail respectively and are carried out collision detection to object in scene and carry out collision detection to certain scope in scene, and all represent tree node with the coordinate of the top left corner apex of the MBR of the tree node of split sence, primary is getting used to due to computer screen coordinate system.Under practical situations, segmentation effect according to actual needs, coordinate system can be based upon the optional position in scene, the coordinate of mark tree node can get one in four summits of its MBR, just, after determining certain summit when one, follow-up each tree node is all with same position coordinates logo, and follow-up determine the tree node at detection range or object place time, also get the coordinate on the summit on its MBR correspondence position.
Determine as required as the unit distance in coordinate system, only need to carry out collision detection to object, we just only need the unit distance setting up transverse and longitudinal direction to be the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of the maximum object of the MBR of object in scene, if desired scope collision detection is carried out, then determine according to the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of the maximum object of the MBR of object in the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of scope that will detect and scene is common, describe in detail in embodiment two, repeat no more here.
In sum, by setting up coordinate system in scene in the specific embodiment of the invention, the tree node of split sence, with coordinates logo, records each object and its place tree node in scene by coordinate and object ID binding; When carrying out collision detection, only need locate around the object place tree node and this tree node that will detect whether there are other objects in 8 tree nodes, improve the efficiency of online game Scene management.Make the collision complex degree of object in scene only relevant with the quantity of surrounding objects, and mobile in object leave the scope that this node comprises after, again enter this node, need the distance of mobile 1/2nd node length of sides, effectively cushioned edge and rocked the frequent jump caused.
In network game, collision detection application is extremely wide, if the regional determination of: role, View frustum culling, the target discrimination of scope technical ability, the building stoping role's movement, server are to the transmission etc. of Role Information around a certain player, use overlapping quaternary tree can reduce the collision detection of irrelevant object, promote game experiencing.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. in an online game based on the scene management method of quaternary tree, it is characterized in that, coordinate system is set up in arbitrary described scene, the tree node of the described scene of arbitrary segmentation is with the coordinates logo in coordinate system described in its place, and the coordinate corresponding to the object identity ID of each object in described scene and the tree node at its place is bound record, described method comprises:
When arbitrary object carries out collision detection in described scene, tree node corresponding to the coordinate of the correspondence found in current described record according to the object ID of described object, and determine whether there are other objects in this tree node and surrounding eight tree nodes, if so, determine to there is the object collided with described object; Otherwise, determine to there is not the object collided with described object;
Wherein, the object ID of each object in described scene and the coordinate corresponding to the tree node at its place with the coordinates logo in coordinate system described in its place, and are bound record and are comprised by the tree node of the described scene of described arbitrary segmentation:
The transverse and longitudinal distance of the tree node of the described scene of described segmentation is dx and dy, and dx/2 and dy/2 is respectively as the unit distance of described coordinate system, the coordinate of arbitrary summit in described coordinate system of the minimum area-encasing rectangle MBR of the arbitrary tree node in described scene is (x, y), in described scene, the coordinate on the MBR of arbitrary object and the summit of described tree node correspondence position is (x0, y0), the coordinate matching of the coordinate after respectively the transverse and longitudinal coordinate on the summit of the MBR of described object being rounded downwards and the tree node in described scene, tree node corresponding to the coordinate matched is as the tree node at this object place, and the coordinate corresponding to the object ID of this object and the tree node at its place is bound record, wherein, described dx and dy determines according to the MBR of object in described scene,
Wherein, the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of overlapping between each adjacent tree node in described scene scope is respectively d
x/ 2 and d
y/ 2;
When mobile object in described scene moves in described overlapping range, its current place tree node is constant.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method comprises further:
For the object of movement in scene, when this object move front place tree node is different from current place tree node, upgrade described record.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described d
xand d
yaccording to the method that the MBR of object in described scene determines be:
If the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of the object that the MBR of the object in described scene is maximum is d
xmand d
ym, then d
xand d
ybe respectively d
xmand d
ym2n doubly, wherein, n is natural number, d
xand d
ybe not more than the transverse and longitudinal distance of described scene respectively.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described method comprises further:
When arbitrary scope detects in described scene, the tree node at the current place of described scope detected is carried out in location, and determine the object that whether exists in eight tree nodes around the tree node at the current place of this scope and this tree node in described scene, if so, then determine to there is collision in this detection range; Otherwise, determine to there is not collision in this detection range.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the method that the tree node at the current place of described scope detected is carried out in described location is: the coordinate determining the summit of the MBR of described scope and the correspondence position of described tree node, respectively the transverse and longitudinal coordinate on described summit is rounded downwards, and determine the transverse and longitudinal distance of the MBR of described scope, in described record, the tree node at the current place of this scope is matched downwards according to the coordinate after the apex coordinate of the transverse and longitudinal of the MBR of the described described scope determined distance and described scope rounds.
6. the method according to claim 1-5 any one claim, is characterized in that, described when determining to there is the object collided with described object, the method comprises further:
The object ID of the described object collided with described object of record, and the coordinate of the object place tree node collided with described object.
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| CN113713381B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-06-20 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Object management method, device, equipment, storage medium and system |
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