CN102691542A - Engine brake device positioned by air valve rod - Google Patents
Engine brake device positioned by air valve rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN102691542A CN102691542A CN2011100729889A CN201110072988A CN102691542A CN 102691542 A CN102691542 A CN 102691542A CN 2011100729889 A CN2011100729889 A CN 2011100729889A CN 201110072988 A CN201110072988 A CN 201110072988A CN 102691542 A CN102691542 A CN 102691542A
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- valve
- brake piston
- brake
- braking
- replacement
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/08—Shape of cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/06—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/06—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking
- F01L13/065—Compression release engine retarders of the "Jacobs Manufacturing" type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/04—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation using engine as brake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/03—Auxiliary actuators
- F01L2820/033—Hydraulic engines
Abstract
The invention discloses an engine brake device positioned by an air valve rod, which is used for an engine with single rocker arm for opening single air valve. The engine brake device comprises a brake drive mechanism and a brake control mechanism. The brake drive mechanism comprises a brake piston cylinder sleeve, a brake piston and a valve lifting-resetting mechanism. The brake piston cylinder sleeve is positioned below the rocker arm; the brake piston is arranged in a brake piston hole in the lower side surface of the brake piston cylinder sleeve; a brake device positioning hole is arranged in the lower end surface of the brake piston; and the air valve rod is inserted in the brake device positioning hole. The valve lifting-resetting mechanism is opened or closed according to the distance from the rocker arm to the brake piston cylinder sleeve so as to reset air valve lift. The brake control mechanism enables the brake drive mechanism to move between a non-operation position and an operation position. A whole brake mechanism is integrated in the existing air valve drive chain of an engine, therefore the engine brake device is compact in structure and convenient to install and adjust; and the weight and the height of the engine are increased, the brake device of the engine is simplified and the reliability and the durability of the engine in operation are enhanced.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to mechanical field, relate in particular to the valve actuation field of vehicle motor, particularly a kind of engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location.
Background technique:
Engine braking can be divided into the compression-release braking and the type braking of losing heart.The compression-release braking of motor is opened exhaust valve in the later stage of engine piston compression stroke, closes exhaust valve in the early stage of expansion stroke (generally before the normal unlatching of exhaust valve).A precedent of compression-release braking device is disclosed at U.S. Patent number 3220392 in nineteen sixty-five by comings (Cummins).Braking system is delivered to the exhaust valve that will open through oil hydraulic circuit with the machinery input.Be usually included in reciprocating main piston in the master piston bore on the oil hydraulic circuit, this to-and-fro motion comes from the Engine Mechanical input, such as the motion of the motion of motor injection cam or adjacent exhaust cam.The hydraulic fluid that moves through of main piston is delivered to the sub-piston on the oil hydraulic circuit, makes its to-and-fro motion in slave piston bore, and sub-piston acts on the exhaust valve directly or indirectly, produces the valve motion of engine braking running.
The disappointing type braking of motor is that exhaust valve is except normal unlatching; Also in partial periodicity, keep a small amount of perseverance to open (partial periodicity loses heart and brakes); Or (aspirating stroke, compression stroke, and expansion stroke) keeps a small amount of perseverance to open (disappointing braking of complete period) in the cycle of non-exhaust stroke.Partial periodicity loses heart and brakes and the disappointing main distinction of braking of complete period, is that the former does not open exhaust valve in most aspirating stroke.The inventor provides relevant explanation and instance for the h type engine h brake system that loses heart with method at U.S. Patent number 6594996.
The difference of the compression-release braking of motor and the type braking of losing heart mainly contains 2 points.First main distinction is open phase (period of braking) difference of braking exhaust valve.The complete period braking exhaust valve of disappointing type braking is opened all the time, does not therefore involve the opening time.The opening time of the braking exhaust valve of the disappointing type braking of partial periodicity is the later stage in the aspirating stroke of motor; And the opening time of the braking exhaust valve of compression-release braking is in the later stage of the compression stroke of motor, and late more a lot of than lose heart opening time of braking exhaust valve of type braking of partial periodicity, the load of therefore opening is also much bigger.Second main distinction is Lift (brake valve liter) difference of braking exhaust valve.The brake valve liter of the braking exhaust valve of the type that loses heart braking is roughly 0.5 to 1.0mm (being generally less than 1.0mm), and the brake valve liter of the braking exhaust valve of compression-release braking is roughly 2.0 to 3.5mm (brake valve of hydraulic type braking device rises generally greater than 2.0mm).Above-mentioned difference causes the different of designing requirement and braking ability.The braking force of compression-release is braked greater than disappointing type, but the braking unlatching load of the type braking of losing heart is braked much smaller than compression-release.The type braking device that loses heart must be united use with exhaust braking (like the exhaust butterfly valve), and the compression-release braking device can use (not necessarily needing exhaust braking) separately.
A precedent of disappointing braking system of motor complete period is disclosed for No. 3525317 at U. S. Patent in 1970 by Miu Er (Muir).This braking system is divided into third gear with engine braking.First grade is the frictional loss that causes of motor and each moving element of vehicle and the braking that produces.Second grade is disappointing braking of complete period that continuous permanent the opening in a small amount of the exhaust valve maintenance of motor produced.Third gear is to increase the exhaust butterfly valve on losing heart the basis of braking second grade complete period, produces Associated brake.
The La Mo people such as (Rammer) of Germany graceful (MAN) discloses a kind of exhaust braking that utilizes in 1997 for No. 5692469 at U. S. Patent and has improved the apparatus and method that exhaust back pressure causes float valve (valve knock-on) and then opens the type braking device that loses heart.When exhaust back pressure was enough high, exhaust valve closes in aspirating stroke floatingly when finishing to be left or bounces., it is intervened between the float period at this exhaust valve, just before floating exhaust valve closing of opening with a braking device; Piston through an oil pressure control stops it; Stop it to close, let it keep a small amount of perseverance to open, produce the disappointing braking of partial periodicity (exhaust valve cuts out) after exhaust stroke.This braking system is the motor that is used for the single valve of every cylinder.2006, La Mo (Rammer) etc. were with the motor (No. 7013867th, U. S. Patent, No. 200310123153.7th, Chinese patent) of above-mentioned technological expansion to the double valve of every cylinder.Above-mentioned disappointing type braking system need be on motor brake holder of extra increase, except being used for bearing the brake load, mainly be to be used for the lift of braking valve of resetting.
The Gustafson (Gustafson) of comings (Cummins) motor company discloses a kind of integrated form rocking arm braking system that valve rises replacement mechanism that has in calendar year 2001 for No. 6253730 at U. S. Patent; The time open the lifting curve problems such as (open amount bigger, close more evening) of the lifting curve of non-symmetrical load that single valve (interior valve) caused and braking valve with solving braking greater than non-braking valve (outer valve) or conventional valve.Valve rises replacement mechanism and the brake piston in the rocking arm is reached at brake valve resets before the highest brake valve rises or withdraw; Make brake valve before main valve action beginning, get back to valve seat; The valve bridge is got back to horizontal position; rocking arm can be opened brake valve (interior valve) and non-brake valve (outer valve) evenly, eliminates any asymmtric load.But it is unreliable that its valve rises the work of replacement mechanism, is not easy to install and debugging.
The sword that all can win (JVS) is received visitor (Janak) and Metz Qu Ke (Meistrick) and is disclosed a kind of device that uses two rocking arms to open single valve braking in 2008 for No. 7392772 at U. S. Patent.Except the exhaust rocker arm of routine, also increased special-purpose brake rocker arm in its side.Brake piston and brake control valve have been increased in the conventional exhaust rocker arm.When needing braking, the brake piston in the conventional exhaust rocker arm moves on to the operating position that stretches out from the off position of withdrawal, links to each other with special-purpose brake rocker arm.Special-purpose brake cam drives special-purpose brake rocker arm, special-purpose brake rocker arm compressing brake piston, and brake piston promotes exhaust rocker arm again, opens an air exhaust valve brake below the exhaust rocker arm.The advantage of this braking system is to use special-purpose brake cam and special-purpose brake rocker arm, can optimize braking force.It is too complicated that but its shortcoming is whole braking system, and the installing space that takies is too many, and exhaust rocker arm is too heavy, and its rotary inertia is too big, and when braking, bear very big lateral load.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location, described this engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location will solve that single rocking arm in the existing technology opens that braking system in the motor of single valve (or single valve) is complicated, valve rises the work of replacement mechanism unreliable, be not easy to install and debugging, mechanism are heavy, take big quantity space and brake the technical problem of unbalance loading.
This engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location of the present invention comprises the braking drive organ and braking control mechanism that is arranged on the motor; Include the valve actuation chain in the described motor; Described valve actuation chain comprises a cam, a rocking arm and a valve; Be provided with a valve rod in the described valve, wherein, described braking drive organ comprises brake piston cylinder sleeve and brake piston; Described brake piston cylinder sleeve is arranged on an end downside of described rocking arm; Be provided with a brake piston hole in the downside of brake piston cylinder sleeve, be arranged in the described brake piston hole described brake piston sliding type, be provided with a braking device positioning hole in the lower end surface of brake piston; Described braking device positioning hole is enclosed within on the described valve rod upper end, off position or the operating position of described braking control mechanism control brake piston in the brake piston hole.
Further; Include an oil feeding mechanism in the described braking drive organ; Described oil feeding mechanism comprises oil supply gallery and unidirectional delivery valve; The outlet of described oil supply gallery is connected with described brake piston hole, and described unidirectional delivery valve is arranged between oil supply gallery and the brake piston hole or in the oil supply gallery, and the oily flow path direction of unidirectional delivery valve is to get into the brake piston hole from oil supply gallery.
Further, described braking control mechanism comprises a hydraulic pressure generation device, and described hydraulic pressure generation device comprises hydraulic control valve and brake fluid networking, and described brake fluid networking is communicated with the brake piston hole.
Perhaps; Described braking control mechanism comprises exhaust brake, and described exhaust brake has a closed position and an enable possition, in described closed position; The air-flow that exhaust brake interrupts or the limiting engine tailpipe is interior impels the exhaust back pressure of motor to raise.
Further; The conventional boss and at least one braking boss that contain an increasing on the described cam; The conventional valve of the increasing that the conventional boss of described increasing generates rises curve and is made up of bottom and top; It is high near together that the brake valve that described bottom and described braking boss generate rises curve, and described top rises near identical with the conventional valve that the conventional boss of motor generates.
Further, described braking drive organ also comprises a preloading spring, and described preloading spring adopts a kind of mode in the following setting to be provided with, perhaps adopts the combination of the two or more modes in the following setting to be provided with:
1. an end of preloading spring is placed on the motor, and the other end is placed on the rocking arm;
2. preloading spring is placed between the push rod and rocking arm of motor;
3. preloading spring is placed between brake piston and the brake piston cylinder sleeve;
4. preloading spring is placed between rocking arm and the brake piston cylinder sleeve;
5. preloading spring is placed between valve and the brake piston cylinder sleeve;
6. preloading spring is placed between valve and the brake piston.
Further; Described braking drive organ comprises that also valve rises replacement mechanism, and described valve rises replacement mechanism and comprises replacement valve and the replacement oil duct that is arranged in the described brake piston cylinder sleeve, and described replacement oil duct is connected with described brake piston hole; Described replacement valve contains fuel feeding position and oil extraction position; In described fuel feeding position, the described replacement oil duct of replacement valve closing is in described oil extraction position; Replacement valve open replacement oil duct utilizes distance between described rocking arm and the brake piston cylinder sleeve to control the unlatching of replacement valve or close.
Further, described replacement valve is a kind of mechanism or the combination of any two or more mechanisms in the following mechanism:
1. sliding type plunger valve;
2. lifting type plunger valve;
3. lifting type Ball valve;
4. lifting type column valve door; And
5. with other mechanisms of replacement runner opening and closing.
Further, described braking drive organ also comprises rotation preventing mechanism, and described rotation preventing mechanism limits the rotation of described brake piston cylinder sleeve.
Further, described braking drive organ also comprises decompression mechanism, and described decompression mechanism limits the predetermined value of oil pressure for designing in the described brake piston hole.
Working principle of the present invention is: when the needs engine braking, the braking control mechanism is opened, and the brake piston in the braking control mechanism control brake driving mechanism moves on to the operating position that stretches out from the off position of withdrawal in the brake piston hole.The low-pressure oil of motor to the brake piston fuel feeding, is locked in operating position with brake piston from oil supply gallery.Exhaust valve is opened, is perhaps driven by the exhaust back pressure in the engine exhaust pipe and open by the action drives of stretching out of brake piston, produces engine braking.Brake load through brake piston, brake piston cylinder sleeve and rocking arm, passes to cam by exhaust valve.When the lift of cam during greater than the lift (braking lift) of braking boss; The cam drive rocking arm rotates and the translation of brake piston cylinder sleeve; the distance between rocking arm and the brake piston cylinder sleeve reduces, and makes the valve that is positioned at wherein rise the replacement valve opening, opens the replacement oil duct emptying in the brake piston cylinder sleeve.Brake piston moves on to the off position of withdrawal from the operating position that stretches out.Cam turns over the exhaust boss, and on the basic circle, circulation starts anew braking period in getting back to.When the braking control mechanism cut out, brake piston was in the off position of withdrawal all the time in the brake piston hole, separated with the routine running of motor, and finish braking period, and motor withdraws from braking state, gets back to fired state.
The present invention compares with prior art, and its effect is actively with tangible.The present invention is integrated in whole arrestment mechanism in the existing valve actuation chain of motor; Utilize the valve rod location of valve; Compact structure, reduced motor weight and the height, simplified engine braking apparatus; Increase the reliability and the durability of engine operation, solved the technical problem that the system complex, the mechanism that exist in the existing technology are heavy, take big quantity space and braking unbalance loading.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is first embodiment of the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location of the present invention is in the off-position at engine braking apparatus a schematic representation.
Fig. 2 is first embodiment of the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location of the present invention is in " opening " position at engine braking apparatus a schematic representation.
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation that the braking control mechanism among the present invention is in " opening " position.
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation that the braking control mechanism among the present invention is in the off-position.
Fig. 5 is the conventional valve motion curve of the engine exhaust port among the present invention and the schematic representation of engine braking valve motion curve.
Fig. 6 is second embodiment of the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location of the present invention is in the off-position at engine braking apparatus a schematic representation.
Fig. 7 is second embodiment of the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location of the present invention is in " opening " position at engine braking apparatus a schematic representation.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, first embodiment of the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location of the present invention is respectively in its " pass " and " opening " position.Comprise four chief components among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively: exhaust valve actuator 200, Exhaust valve mechanism 300, engine braking driving mechanism 100 and valve rise replacement mechanism 150.Exhaust valve actuator 200 forms the exhaust valve chain with Exhaust valve mechanism 300.
The cam 230 of present embodiment has an increasing boss 220 that is mainly used in the conventional running of motor on interior basic circle 225, it is bigger than the exhaust boss of conventional (not with engine braking) to strengthen boss 220.The reason that strengthens is that brake cam and conventional cam integrate, and the cam 230 of integrated conventional cam also has small boss 232 and the small boss 233 that is used for engine braking.When motor conventional (igniting) running, in order to skip braking small boss 232 and small boss 233, the bottom of increasing boss 220 must increase the transition portion with small boss 232 and small boss 233 about height such as grade, and its top is equivalent to conventional exhaust boss.Exhaust gas recirculatioon when small boss 232 is used to brake, 233 of small boss are used for compression and discharge.Fig. 5 has represented the valve lift curve by cam 230 generations in detail.
Preloading spring 198 can be the spring of compressing tablet spring and other form.Preloading spring 198 also can use different settings, such as between the push rod and rocking arm 210 of push rod engine, between brake piston 160 and the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, between rocking arm 210 and the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, between valve 3001 and the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 and between valve 3001 and the brake piston 160 etc.It also can be the combination of above-mentioned setting.Preloading spring 198 maintains inner brake clearance 134 (Fig. 1) or 234 (Fig. 2) that form of exhaust valve chain, eliminates inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain.
Valve rises the replacement valve of replacement mechanism 150 between rocking arm 210 and brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, comprises the replacement piston 170, replacement oil duct 412 and the replacement oil duct 415 that are positioned at brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 and is fixed on the replacement screw 1102 on the rocking arm 210 by nut 1052.The area of passage of replacement oil duct 412 or replacement oil duct 415 is less than the area of passage of oil-feed.Replacement oil duct 412 is communicated with replacement oil duct 415, and replacement piston 170 is arranged between replacement oil duct 412 and the replacement oil duct 415, and replacement piston 170 can move between oil extraction position and fuel feeding position.In the oil extraction position (Fig. 1), replacement piston 170 is opened replacement oil duct 415, will be in the fuel feeding position (Fig. 2), and replacement valve closing replacement oil duct 415.
Valve rises the extension 2102 that replacement mechanism is arranged on rocking arm 210.Valve rises replacement mechanism and comprises an adjusting screw 1102, and adjusting screw 1102 is positioned at replacement piston 170 tops, in order to regulate replacement distance 131 between the two.The design of the distance 131 of resetting makes when replacement piston 170 is in the oil extraction position (Fig. 1), in whole cam 230 period of rotation, can not contact adjusting screw 1102.So just significantly reduce valve and risen the frequency of okperation of replacement mechanism 150, increased reliability and durability.
As shown in Figure 3, when the needs engine braking, braking control mechanism 50 is opened.The braking control mechanism 50 of present embodiment is a hydraulic pressure generation device, comprises hydraulic control valve 51 and brake fluid networking.The brake fluid networking is connected with the oil supply gallery of braking drive organ 100.That is to say that hydraulic control valve 51 passes through the brake fluid networking to braking drive organ 100 fuel feeding.Machine oil gets in the brake piston hole 190 through one-way valve 172.Oil pressure overcomes the active force of preloading spring 198, and brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 is up pushed away, and makes rocking arm 210 inhours rotate, and contacts with the interior basic circle 225 of cam 230 up to cam follower wheel 235.Brake clearance 134 (Fig. 1) between the interior basic circle 225 of cam follower wheel 235 and cam 230 has been converted into the brake clearance 234 (Fig. 2) between brake piston 160 and the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400.Meanwhile, oil pressure is up shifted replacement piston 170 onto fuel feeding position (if desired, can increase spring) from the oil extraction position, close replacement oil duct 415.Machine oil forms hydraulic pressure and links between brake piston 160 and brake piston cylinder sleeve 400.
When cam 230 during from interior basic circle 225 braking in a turn boss 232 and 233, the braking boss move through exhaust rocker arm 210, brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, hydraulic pressure link 234 and brake piston 160, pass to exhaust valve 3001, produce the brake valve liter.Cam 230 is rotated further; Upwards motion of bottom through the conventional boss 220 that strengthened toward the top; Continue to promote rocking arm 210 and clockwise rotate and the 400 downward translations of brake piston cylinder sleeve, the distance between the replacement piston 170 in replacement screw 1102 on the rocking arm 210 and the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 (distance of resetting) 131 is reduced to zero.Replacement screw 1102 pushes away replacement piston 170 downwards in brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, opens replacement oil duct 415 emptyings.Brake piston 160 moves on to the off position of withdrawal from the operating position that stretches out in brake piston cylinder sleeve 400; The increasing of cam 230 the part of conventional boss 220 tops motions lost, the increasing that the conventional boss 220 that has strengthened generates conventional valve rises the conventional valve that curve is reset to the conventional boss generation of motor and rises curve.
Turn over the extreme higher position of the conventional boss 220 that has strengthened when cam 230; In being shifted to toward the bottom downwards by the top during basic circle 225; rocking arm 210 inhour rotations, 400 translations of brake piston cylinder sleeve are gone up, and the replacement distance 131 between replacement screw 1102 and the replacement piston 170 becomes greatly.Replacement piston 170 is moved on acting in the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 relatively by oil pressure, gets back to the fuel feeding position from the oil extraction position, closes replacement oil duct 415 again.Brake piston 160 is got back to the operating position that stretches out from the off position of withdrawal in brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, form brake piston 160 again and link with hydraulic pressure between the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400.
Said process forms a braking period.This braking period, circulation repeatedly is till braking control mechanism 50 cuts out.
As shown in Figure 4, when braking control mechanism 50 cuts out, hydraulic control valve 51 emptyings (three-way magnetic valve) or fuel cut-off (if adopting two-way electromagnetic valve).Valve rises replacement mechanism 150, and emptying is once in each engine cycle; The oil that sheds can not get replenishing, and brake piston 160 links with hydraulic pressure between the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 and is eliminated, and the inner gap 134 of valve actuation chain forms again; Braking boss 232 is skipped with the motion of braking boss 233; Can not be delivered to exhaust valve 3001, the braking running of motor is disengaged, and gets back to the conventional operating state of motor.Stop braking period.
Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, the braking control mechanism among the present invention is in " opening " and off-position respectively.Because the present invention has adopted valve to rise replacement mechanism 150, the hydraulic control valve 51 of the two-position three way in the braking control mechanism 50 can be reduced to two-way electromagnetic valve.That is to say, only need oil inlet hole 111, need not unload oilhole 222.
Fig. 5 is the conventional valve motion curve of the reset apparatus that rises of the engine braking valve among the present invention and the schematic representation of engine braking valve motion curve.Exhaust valve lift curve among Fig. 5 is further described first embodiment's operation.One has three kinds of valves and rises curve among Fig. 5:
1. the conventional valve that is used for routine (igniting) running of motor rises curve 220m.The starting point that conventional valve rises curve 220m is 225a, and terminal point is 225b, and its top lift is roughly 220b.
2. be used for the braking running of motor, but the increasing that obtains when not having valve to rise replacement mechanism valve rise curve 220v (comprising that the conventional valve that has strengthened rises curve 220e and brake valve rises curve 232v and 233v).The starting point that the valve that has strengthened rises curve 220v is 225d, and terminal point is 225c, and its top lift is 220a and 220b sum.Valve rises curve and between 0～720 °, circulates.
3. be used for the braking running of motor, and have the replacement valve that obtains when valve rises replacement mechanism and rise curve (heavy line among the figure).The starting point that the replacement valve rises curve is 225d, and terminal point is 225b, and its top lift is 220b.So replacement formula valve rises valve that curve ratio strengthened and rises curve 220v and cut out more early, lift is lower.
As shown in Figure 1; When the conventional running of motor; Because the gap 134 that the exhaust valve chain is inner, the bottom of cam 230 (comprising braking boss 232 and braking boss 233) is skipped, and has only the top of the conventional boss 220 that has strengthened to be delivered to air valve 300; Produce conventional valve and rise curve 220m (Fig. 5), to rise curve identical with routine (the not being with engine braking apparatus) valve of motor.The increasing that the conventional boss 220 that has strengthened produces conventional valve rise the bottom 220a of curve 220e and the transition point of top 220b is 220t.The height 232p of bottom 220a rises 232v with brake valve that the braking boss 232 and 233 of cam is produced and 233v is identical or big slightly, and that its top 220b and conventional valve rise curve 220m is roughly the same.
When engine braking operated, the mechanical motion that the braking boss of cam 232 and braking boss 233 and the conventional boss 220 that has strengthened are produced all might pass to exhaust valve 300.But, the valve of engine braking running rises curve and depends on that valve rises having or not of replacement mechanism 150.If contain engine braking replacement mechanism 150 (Fig. 1 and 2); Resetting some 220r (between 220t and 220e, rising 232v and 233v) before so, when the engine braking valve rises curve and do not reset mechanism identical (Fig. 5) greater than brake valve; Afterwards; Valve will rise replacement point 220r on the curve 220e from the conventional valve that has strengthened and reduce to conventional valve and rise the some 220s on the curve 220m, get back to valve seat (zero terminal point) at terminal point 225b at last, and the terminal point 225c when not having valve to rise replacement mechanism is leading greatly.So valve rises replacement mechanism 150 during the conventional valve that has strengthened rises the top 220b of curve 220e, the conventional valve that has strengthened is risen curve 220e be reduced to conventional valve and rise curve 220m.So just reduced the lift of valve, avoided the collision of valve and piston, also increased braking force, reduced the temperature of cylinder internal at the top dead center position of engine piston during at 360 °.
Embodiment 2:
Like Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7, second embodiment of the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location of the present invention is respectively in its " pass " and " opening " position.Present embodiment and first embodiment's the main distinction is that cam 230, braking control mechanism 50 and valve rise replacement mechanism 150.
The cam 230 of present embodiment is conventional engine exhaust cam, has only exhaust boss 220 on the interior basic circle 225 of cam 230, does not increase any braking boss.Therefore, motor is when conventional (igniting) running, and exhaust valve chain inside does not have brake clearance, does not need preloading spring to keep this gap yet.But between brake piston 160 and brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, increased brake spring 177, helped the unlatching of exhaust valve 3001 during braking.
The braking control mechanism 50 of present embodiment comprises exhaust braking, like exhaust butterfly valve 700.Exhaust butterfly valve 700 comprises the valve block 702 that rotates around valve shaft 704.Exhaust braking 700 (like butterfly valve) is closed and opened to the driver element 750 of braking control mechanism 50 according to the control signal that control unit 800 provides.
The valve of present embodiment rise in the replacement mechanism 150 with 170 effects of replacement piston be to be fixed tightly in the replacement reed 2103 on the rocking arm 210 by nut 105.Replacement reed 2103 can be a stamping part, and its free end is divided into two-part.Intermediate portion 2105 almost turn 90 degrees angle one-tenth level from Vertical direction, and forms replacement spacing 131 between the replacement piston 170.Part 2104 continuities on both sides are downward, the formation rotation preventing mechanism that matches with the right side of brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, the rotation of restriction brake piston cylinder sleeve 400.Certainly; The rotation preventing mechanism of the rotation of restriction brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 also can adopt alternate manner, such as, can in brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, settle a fixing pin; On the spring seat of exhaust valve 3001, increase position-arresting groove, fixing pin and position-arresting groove form rotation preventing mechanism.
When the needs engine braking; Braking control mechanism 50 is opened; Exhaust braking 700 is closed; Air-flow in interruption or the restriction tailpipe 710, the exhaust back pressure in the engine exhaust pipe at exhaust braking 700 upper reaches (comprising outlet pipe 610, outlet pipe 620 and outlet pipe 630 etc.) is elevated to the predetermined value of design.This predetermined value is relevant with the design parameter of rotating speed, exhaust valve spring force and other motor of motor.In engine cylinder pressure low with exhaust back pressure when higher (near aspirating stroke latter stage; This moment, exhaust cam 230 was positioned on the basic circle 225; Exhaust rocker arm 210 is in static relatively position with brake piston cylinder sleeve 400); The active force and the cylinder of making every effort to overcome clothes exhaust valve spring 3101 that exhaust back pressure acts on the exhaust valve 3001 are pressed, and make exhaust valve 3001 knock-ons open 330 (Fig. 7) downwards in a small amount.Be positioned at brake piston 160 on the exhaust valve 3001 and follow exhaust valve 3001 in brake piston hole 190 and move on to the operating position (Fig. 7) that stretches out from the off positions (Fig. 6) of withdrawal downwards, between brake piston 160 and brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, form brake clearance 234.The low-pressure oil of motor gets into brake piston hole 190 from the fuel feeding runner through unidirectional delivery valve 172, is full of brake clearance 234.Oil pressure is up shifted replacement piston 170 onto the fuel feeding position from the oil extraction position simultaneously, closes replacement oil duct 415.Form the hydraulic pressure link between brake piston 160 and the brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, brake piston 160 is hydraulically locked in the operating position that stretches out, and the interior exhaust valve 3001 that knock-on is opened downwards withstands, and does not allow its valve seat 320 that falls back.From the aspirating stroke latter stage of motor, through whole compression stroke and most expansion stroke, interior exhaust valve 3001 remains a small amount of perseverance and opens (gap 330), produces the h type engine h braking of losing heart.Brake load through brake piston 160, hydraulic pressure link 234, brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 and rocking arm 210, is passed to the cam 230 of basic circle 225 positions in being in by interior exhaust valve 3001.
When cam 230 turns to conventional exhaust boss 220 from interior basic circle 225, cam 230 drives rocking arms 210 and clockwise rotates with brake piston cylinder sleeve 400 and move downward.The horizontal segment 2105 of replacement reed 2103 and the distance between the replacement piston 170 (distance of resetting) 131 is reduced to zero.Replacement piston 170 is pushed downwards in brake piston cylinder sleeve 400, opens replacement oil duct 415 emptyings.Brake piston 160 moves on to the off position (active force of exhaust valve spring 3101 is much larger than brake spring 177) of withdrawal from the operating position that stretches out in brake piston cylinder sleeve 400; Owing to that part of brake valve liter that the valve knock-on produces is lost, get back to conventional valve and rise curve.
Above-mentioned many embodiments should not be regarded as limitation of the scope of the invention, but as representative concrete illustrations more of the present invention, many other differentiation all might therefrom produce.For instance, engine braking apparatus proposed by the invention and method not only can be used for overhead camshaft type engine, also are applicable to push rod engine; Not only can produce the h type engine h braking of losing heart (comprising the disappointing h type engine h braking of partial periodicity and complete period), also can produce compression-release engine braking (comprise band and be not with exhaust gas recirculatioon).
In addition, the bearing mode of engine braking also can be different.Can be hydraulic type, that is to say,, all can win the hydraulic engine break as traditional through the hydraulic pressure link; Can be solid chain type also, that is to say, through mechanical solid link.
Also have; The replacement valve that valve rises replacement mechanism can adopt different forms; Comprise the lifting type plunger valve or the sliding type plunger valve that form by the replacement piston, the lifting type Ball valve or the lifting type column valve door that form by the replacement valve ball, and with other mechanisms of replacement runner opening and closing.If desired, these replacement valves can exchange use.
In addition, no matter be the compression-release engine braking, the h type engine h braking of still losing heart, the replacement position of exhaust valve lift all is the top that rises at valve, just the braking lift with top.
Also have, the exhaust braking of braking control mechanism not only can be the exhaust butterfly valve, also can be the current-limiting apparatus of other form, like the variable geometry turbine machine.As long as can realize increasing the exhaust back pressure function of motor.
In addition, unidirectional delivery valve can be a ball valve, also can be the valve of other form, like video disc valve etc.Unidirectional delivery valve also can be installed in different positions.
Also have, brake piston can be varied, like " H " type and T-shape etc.
Therefore, scope of the present invention should not decided by above-mentioned concrete illustration, but is decided by claim.
Claims (10)
1. engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location; Comprise the braking drive organ and braking control mechanism that are arranged on the motor; Include the valve actuation chain in the described motor; Described valve actuation chain comprises a cam, a rocking arm and individual valve, is provided with a valve rod in the described valve, and it is characterized in that: described braking drive organ comprises brake piston cylinder sleeve and brake piston; Described brake piston cylinder sleeve is arranged on an end downside of described rocking arm; Be provided with a brake piston hole in the downside of brake piston cylinder sleeve, be arranged in the described brake piston hole described brake piston sliding type, be provided with a braking device positioning hole in the lower end surface of brake piston; Described braking device positioning hole is enclosed within described valve valve rod upper end, off position or the operating position of described braking control mechanism control brake piston in the brake piston hole.
2. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: include an oil feeding mechanism in the described braking drive organ; Described oil feeding mechanism comprises oil supply gallery and unidirectional delivery valve; The outlet of described oil supply gallery is connected with described brake piston hole, and described unidirectional delivery valve is arranged between oil supply gallery and the brake piston hole or in the oil supply gallery, and the oily flow path direction of unidirectional delivery valve is to get into the brake piston hole from oil supply gallery.
3. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: described braking control mechanism comprises a hydraulic pressure generation device; Described hydraulic pressure generation device comprises hydraulic control valve and brake fluid networking, and described brake fluid networking is communicated with the brake piston hole.
4. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: described braking control mechanism comprises exhaust brake; Described exhaust brake has a closed position and an enable possition; In described closed position, the air-flow that exhaust brake interrupts or the limiting engine tailpipe is interior impels the exhaust back pressure of motor to raise.
5. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the conventional boss and at least one braking boss that contain an increasing on the described cam; The conventional valve of the increasing that the conventional boss of described increasing generates rises curve and is made up of bottom and top; It is high near together that the brake valve that described bottom and described braking boss generate rises curve, and described top rises near identical with the conventional valve that the conventional boss of motor generates.
6. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: described braking drive organ also comprises a preloading spring, and described preloading spring adopts a kind of mode in the following setting to be provided with, perhaps adopts the combination of the two or more modes in the following setting to be provided with:
1. an end of preloading spring is placed on the motor, and the other end is placed on the rocking arm;
2. preloading spring is placed between the push rod and rocking arm of motor;
3. preloading spring is placed between brake piston and the brake piston cylinder sleeve;
4. preloading spring is placed between rocking arm and the brake piston cylinder sleeve;
5. preloading spring is placed between valve and the brake piston cylinder sleeve;
6. preloading spring is placed between valve and the brake piston.
7. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: described braking drive organ comprises that also valve rises replacement mechanism, and described valve rises replacement mechanism and comprises replacement valve and the replacement oil duct that is arranged in the described brake piston cylinder sleeve, and described replacement oil duct is connected with described brake piston hole; Described replacement valve contains fuel feeding position and oil extraction position; In described fuel feeding position, the described replacement oil duct of replacement valve closing is in described oil extraction position; Replacement valve open replacement oil duct utilizes distance between described rocking arm and the brake piston cylinder sleeve to control the unlatching of replacement valve or close.
8. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: described replacement valve is a kind of mechanism or the combination of any two or more mechanisms in the following mechanism:
1. sliding type plunger valve;
2. lifting type plunger valve;
3. lifting type Ball valve;
4. lifting type column valve door; And
5. the mechanism of opening and closing replacement runner.
9. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described braking drive organ also comprises rotation preventing mechanism, described rotation preventing mechanism limits the rotation of described brake piston cylinder sleeve.
10. the engine braking apparatus by valve valve rod location as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described braking drive organ also comprises decompression mechanism, described decompression mechanism limits the predetermined value of oil pressure for designing in the described brake piston hole.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110072988.9A CN102691542B (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2011-03-24 | A kind of engine braking apparatus of being located by valve stem |
| PCT/CN2011/002184 WO2012126166A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2011-12-26 | Engine brake device positioned by valve stem |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110072988.9A CN102691542B (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2011-03-24 | A kind of engine braking apparatus of being located by valve stem |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102691542A true CN102691542A (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| CN102691542B CN102691542B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110072988.9A Active CN102691542B (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2011-03-24 | A kind of engine braking apparatus of being located by valve stem |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN102691542B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012126166A1 (en) |
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| CN103939172A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-07-23 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Independent cam type engine braking device |
| WO2016174493A1 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | Shanghai Universoon Auto Parts Co., Ltd. | Single valve compression release bridge brake |
| CN107075988A (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2017-08-18 | 伊顿(意大利)有限公司 | Rocker arm assembly for engine braking |
| CN110486113A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-22 | 上海尤顺汽车部件有限公司 | A kind of engine valve actuations mechanism |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN102691542B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| WO2012126166A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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