CN102690488B - Degradable starch-based plastic - Google Patents
Degradable starch-based plastic Download PDFInfo
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- CN102690488B CN102690488B CN2012101853958A CN201210185395A CN102690488B CN 102690488 B CN102690488 B CN 102690488B CN 2012101853958 A CN2012101853958 A CN 2012101853958A CN 201210185395 A CN201210185395 A CN 201210185395A CN 102690488 B CN102690488 B CN 102690488B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/911—Cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/9258—Velocity
- B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92704—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
- B29C2948/92885—Screw or gear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
- B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a degradable starch-based plastic, which is prepared by the following steps: preparing 100 weight parts of starch into an aqueous solution of starch, and pasting at the temperature of between 80 and 90DEG C; adding 2.5 to 4.5 weight parts of initiator into the pasted starch at the temperature of between 35 and 50DEG C, stirring, adding 7.5 to 10 weight parts of graft monomer, reacting at constant temperature for 2 to 3 hours, performing suction filtration under reduced pressure, and drying to obtain grafted starch; and adding 35 to 50 weight parts of blend resin and 10to 15 weight parts of plasticizer into a high speed mixer, stirring, adding the grafted starch obtained in the step b for blending, extruding the uniformly mixed material by using a twin-screw extruder, cooling and drying to obtain degradable starch-based plastic particles. The degradable starch-based plastic has high water resistance and high degradability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of degradable starch-based plastics.
Background technology
Along with the plastics industry technology rapid development, increasing plastics have brought the disaster of intimate destruction to environment; A large amount of plastic garbage abandoneds are in social environment, and " white pollution " of manufacturing become the current various countries most thorny issue.Produce little effect but administer " white pollution " from consumption terminal, fundamentally solve the problem of environmental pollution of plastic waste, just should replace the plastics of existing shape with the plastics that can degrade, easily degrade.
Aliphatic polyester in the degradable plastics and multipolymer thereof have good biodegradable characteristic and excellent mechanical strength, yet, its production cost height, so its practical application is restricted.
Starch-based polymer in the degradable plastics is a kind of plastics that starch forms through modification, graft reaction post-treatment, and it is fast to have biodegradation rate, characteristics free from environmental pollution.But it belongs to thermoplastic processed-type plastics, can process with common plastics thermoplastic processing machine.Can replace plastics such as polystyrene industrial.Product hardness can change according to percentage of grafting and the different of after-processing technology, be present production cost near common plastics, the degradable that market outlook are best.Yet it changes quite responsive to humidity, easily suction, and the mechanical property of suction back goods obviously reduces, so range of application is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, a kind of degradable starch-based plastics are provided.These degradable starch-based plastics have excellent water tolerance energy and degradation property.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of degradable starch-based plastics, described plastics prepare as follows and get:
The starch of a, 100 weight parts is configured to amidin, 80～90 ℃ of following gelatinizations;
B, under 35～50 ℃, add the initiator of 2.5～4.5 weight parts in the starch of gelatinization, stir the grafted monomer that the back adds 7.5～10 weight parts, isothermal reaction 2～3h, decompress filter, dry graft starch;
C, the softening agent of the blending resin of 35～50 weight parts, 10～15 weight parts added in the high-speed mixer stir, add step b gained graft starch again and carry out blend, the material of mixing is extruded through twin screw extruder, cooling, oven dry gets described degradable starch-based plastic pellet.
Preferably, described starch is W-Gum, potato starch or tapioca (flour).
Preferably, described initiator is cerium ammonium nitric acid.
Preferably, described grafted monomer is that mass ratio is methyl methacrylate and the vinyl-acetic ester of 1～2.5:1.
Preferably, described blending resin is one or more in PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyhydroxybutyrate valerate, the polycarbonate.
Preferably, described softening agent is that mass ratio is glycerine, ethylene glycol and the hexylene glycol of 1～2:1～2:1.
Preferably, the churning time among the described step b is 10～30min.
Preferably, the twin screw extruder extrusion temperature among the described step c is 90～120 ℃, and screw speed is 180～300r/min.
Preferably, oven dry is specially among the described step c: drying time is 1～3h, and temperature is 40～65 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that has of the present invention is:
1, adopting methyl methacrylate and vinyl-acetic ester as grafted monomer, is initiator with cerium ammonium nitric acid, and the degradable plastics particle that the graft starch that graft reaction obtains is made has the excellent water tolerance energy;
2, adopt glycerine, ethylene glycol and hexylene glycol as softening agent, improved the alternate consistency of graft starch and blending resin two, the feasible degradable starch-based plastics that make also have the good mechanical performance when having good degradation rate;
3, the present invention adopts graft starch and blend resin alloy to make degradable plastics, has controlled production cost when ensureing product performance, is conducive to use and promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is degradation rate and the time relation figure of degradable starch-based plastic pellet.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.Following examples will help those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit the present invention in any form.Should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Comparative Examples 1
The degradable starch-based plastics of present embodiment, its preparation process is as follows:
The W-Gum of 100 weight parts, the polyhydroxyalkanoate of 40 weight parts, the softening agent (mass ratio is glycerine, ethylene glycol and the hexylene glycol of 1:1.5:1) of 12 weight parts are added stirring and evenly mixing in the high-speed mixer, the material of mixing extrudes through twin screw extruder that (extrusion temperature is 110 ℃, screw speed is 260r/min), cooling, (time is 2h in oven dry, temperature is 45 ℃), get described degradable starch-based plastic pellet.
Embodiment 1
The degradable starch-based plastics of present embodiment, its preparation process is as follows:
It is the water of 20 times of starch weight that the W-Gum of a, 100 weight parts adds weight, is configured to amidin, at 80 ℃ of following gelatinization 2h;
B, under 35 ℃, the cerium ammonium nitric acid that adds 2.5 weight parts in the starch of gelatinization, the grafted monomer (mass ratio is methyl methacrylate and the vinyl-acetic ester of 1:1) that adds 7.5 weight parts behind the stirring 10min, isothermal reaction 2h, add a small amount of dehydrated alcohol and make product post precipitation decompress filter, behind the distilled water wash, be dried to constant weight in 55 ℃, get graft starch;
C, the softening agent (mass ratio is glycerine, ethylene glycol and the hexylene glycol of 1:1:1) of the polyhydroxyalkanoate of any ratio of 35 weight parts and polyhydroxybutyrate valerate, 10 weight parts added in the high-speed mixer stir, add step b gained graft starch again and carry out blend, the material of mixing extrudes through twin screw extruder that (extrusion temperature is 100 ℃, screw speed is 180r/min), cooling, oven dry (time is 1h, and temperature is 40 ℃) gets described degradable starch-based plastic pellet.
Embodiment 2
The degradable starch-based plastics of present embodiment, its preparation process is as follows:
It is the water of 20 times of starch weight that the potato starch of a, 100 weight parts adds weight, is configured to amidin, at 85 ℃ of following gelatinization 3h;
B, under 45 ℃, the cerium ammonium nitric acid that adds 3 weight parts in the starch of gelatinization, the grafted monomer (mass ratio is methyl methacrylate and the vinyl-acetic ester of 1.5:1) that adds 9 weight parts behind the stirring 20min, isothermal reaction 2.5h, add a small amount of dehydrated alcohol and make product post precipitation decompress filter, behind the distilled water wash, be dried to constant weight in 55 ℃, get graft starch;
C, will the PHA of 40 weight parts, the softening agent of 12 weight parts (mass ratio is glycerine, ethylene glycol and the hexylene glycol of 1:2:1) adds in the high-speed mixer and stirs, add step b gained graft starch again and carry out blend, the material of mixing extrudes through twin screw extruder that (extrusion temperature is 90 ℃, screw speed is 220r/min), cooling, oven dry (time is 2h, and temperature is 50 ℃) gets described degradable starch-based plastic pellet.
Embodiment 3
The degradable starch-based plastics of present embodiment, its preparation process is as follows:
It is the water of 20 times of starch weight that the tapioca (flour) of a, 100 weight parts adds weight, is configured to amidin, at 90 ℃ of following gelatinization 2h;
B, under 50 ℃, the cerium ammonium nitric acid that adds 4.5 weight parts in the starch of gelatinization, the grafted monomer (mass ratio is methyl methacrylate and the vinyl-acetic ester of 2.5:1) that adds 10 weight parts behind the stirring 30min, isothermal reaction 3h, add a small amount of dehydrated alcohol and make product post precipitation decompress filter, behind the distilled water wash, be dried to constant weight in 55 ℃, get graft starch;
C, be that the softening agent (mass ratio is glycerine, ethylene glycol and the hexylene glycol of 2:2:1) of the polyhydroxybutyrate valerate of 5:1 and polycarbonate, 15 weight parts adds in the high-speed mixer and stirs with the weight ratio of 50 weight parts, add step b gained graft starch again and carry out blend, the material of mixing extrudes through twin screw extruder that (extrusion temperature is 120 ℃, screw speed is 300r/min), cooling, oven dry (time is 3h, and temperature is 65 ℃) gets described degradable starch-based plastic pellet.
Embodiment 4
The degradable starch-based plastics of present embodiment, its preparation process is as follows:
It is the water of 20 times of starch weight that the W-Gum of a, 100 weight parts adds weight, is configured to amidin, at 80 ℃ of following gelatinization 2.5h;
B, under 40 ℃, the cerium ammonium nitric acid that adds 3 weight parts in the starch of gelatinization, the grafted monomer (mass ratio is methyl methacrylate and the vinyl-acetic ester of 2:1) that adds 8 weight parts behind the stirring 15min, isothermal reaction 2.5h, add a small amount of dehydrated alcohol and make product post precipitation decompress filter, behind the distilled water wash, be dried to constant weight in 55 ℃, get graft starch;
C, will the polyhydroxyalkanoate of 40 weight parts, the softening agent of 12 weight parts (mass ratio is glycerine, ethylene glycol and the hexylene glycol of 1:1.5:1) adds in the high-speed mixer and stirs, add step b gained graft starch again and carry out blend, the material of mixing extrudes through twin screw extruder that (extrusion temperature is 110 ℃, screw speed is 260r/min), cooling, oven dry (time is 2h, and temperature is 45 ℃) gets described degradable starch-based plastic pellet.
Embodiment 5, performance test
The degradable starch-based plastic pellet that makes in embodiment 1～4 and the Comparative Examples 1 is carried out performance test, as follows:
1, water tolerance is measured
With the about 0.125cm of size
3The particle of extruding weigh (dry mass), put into and take out after 20 ℃ of deionized waters soak certain hours, blot weigh behind the surface-moisture (wet quality);
Water-intake rate=(wet quality-dry mass)/dry mass.The water-intake rate of the degradable starch-based plastic pellet of Comparative Examples 1 and embodiment 1～4 is more as shown in table 1.
The water-intake rate of the degradable starch-based plastic pellet of table 1
| ? | Comparative Examples 1 | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 |
| Dry weight | 0.2475 | 0.2217 | 0.2475 | 0.2325 | 0.2811 |
| Weight in wet base | 0.3291 | 0.2762 | 0.2907 | 0.2886 | 0.3224 |
| Weightless ratio | 0.0815 | 0.0545 | 0.0432 | 0.0561 | 0.0413 |
| Water-intake rate | 32.9％ | 24.5％ | 17.4％ | 24.1％ | 14.7％ |
As shown in Table 1, the water-intake rate of the degradable starch-based plastic pellet of embodiment 1～4 is than the tangible reduction of having of Comparative Examples 1; Especially embodiment 4 water-intake rates are minimum, explanation is under the identical situation of other components, adopt the grafted monomer of methyl methacrylate and vinyl-acetic ester, be initiator with cerium ammonium nitric acid, the degradable plastics particle that the degradable plastics particle that the graft starch that graft reaction obtains is made adopts common starch to make has the excellent water tolerance energy; Further specify degradable starch-based plastic pellet of the present invention and solved traditional starch-based polymer to humidity sensitive, easily the problem of suction.
2, the basic soil method of burying is surveyed degradation property:
Product after the reaction processing directly is imbedded in the soil, and the weight of weighing week about up to degraded fully, is noted weekly degradation amount and final degradation time.
The degradation rate of the degradable starch-based plastic pellet of Comparative Examples 1 and embodiment 1～4 and time relation figure are as shown in Figure 1, as shown in Figure 1: the degradable starch-based plastic pellet of embodiment 4 is than the degradable starch-based plastic pellet of Comparative Examples 1, and its degradation rate has had tangible lifting.Can be found out also that by Fig. 1 the degradable starch-based plastic pellet of embodiment 1～4 is along with the prolongation of degradation time, degradation rate increases gradually, and during 20 to 180 days, degradation rate increases obviously, reach nearly 60% rate of weight loss about 180 days, again time expand, the degraded rate of weight loss changes little; Explanation is under the situation that common soil buries, and degraded is complete basically after general four Mays, compares with plastics in the market, and degradable starch-based plastic pellet of the present invention can be degraded fully.
Claims (7)
1. degradable starch-based plastics is characterized in that, described plastics prepare as follows and get:
The starch of a, 100 weight parts is configured to amidin, 80～90 ℃ of following gelatinizations;
B, under 35～50 ℃, add the initiator of 2.5～4.5 weight parts in the starch of gelatinization, stir the grafted monomer that the back adds 7.5～10 weight parts, isothermal reaction 2～3h, decompress filter, dry graft starch;
C, the softening agent of the blending resin of 35～50 weight parts, 10～15 weight parts added in the high-speed mixer stir, add step b gained graft starch again and carry out blend, the material of mixing is extruded through twin screw extruder, cooling, oven dry gets described degradable starch-based plastic pellet;
Described initiator is cerium ammonium nitric acid; Described grafted monomer is that mass ratio is methyl methacrylate and the vinyl-acetic ester of 1～2.5:1.
2. degradable starch-based plastics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described starch is W-Gum, potato starch or tapioca (flour).
3. degradable starch-based plastics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described blending resin is one or more in PHA, the polycarbonate.
4. degradable starch-based plastics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described softening agent is that mass ratio is glycerine, ethylene glycol and the hexylene glycol of 1～2:1～2:1.
5. degradable starch-based plastics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the churning time among the described step b is 10～30min.
6. degradable starch-based plastics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the twin screw extruder extrusion temperature among the described step c is 90～120 ℃, and screw speed is 180～300r/min.
7. degradable starch-based plastics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, oven dry is specially among the described step c: drying time is 1～3h, and temperature is 40～65 ℃.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104448658A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-25 | 广西大学 | Preparation method of degradable corn-starch-based plastic film |
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| CN105524219A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 上海东升新材料有限公司 | Starch graft modification method, graft-modified starch and application of graft-modified starch in degradable plastics |
| CN105001461A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-28 | 广东新华宝科技有限公司 | Corn starch degradable plastic film and preparing method thereof |
| CN105111374A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 烟台德邦科技有限公司 | Preparation method of resin material |
| CN107987351A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 徐州耐克盾机械制造有限公司 | A kind of plastic raw materials particle and production technology |
| CN110074509A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-02 | 扬州金露日用品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of degradable slippers |
| CN112080117B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-06-20 | 合肥市和裕达塑业有限公司 | Environment-friendly high-heat-resistance flame-retardant modified plastic and processing technology thereof |
| CN112662016A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-16 | 重庆和泰润佳股份有限公司 | Non-breathable biodegradable resin and processing method thereof |
| CN117003945A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-07 | 武汉纺织大学 | Vinyl acetate grafted starch, preparation method and application thereof, starch/PBAT composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN100402567C (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2008-07-16 | 浙江工业大学 | Preparation method of graft starch |
| CN101323678A (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2008-12-17 | 石家庄普莱斯环保材料科技有限公司 | Full biological degradable plastic film |
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