Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to make in order to solve existing employing chemical modification method the deficiency that Lead Ion-selective Electrode exists, and a kind of organic polycomponent complex carrier Lead Ion-selective Electrode that adopts physical method to make is provided.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
One, a kind of organic polycomponent complex carrier Lead Ion-selective Electrode, formed by selective membrane, polyvinyl chloride pipe, Ag/AgCl internal reference electrode, internal-filling liquid, electrode end cap and extension line, it is characterized in that described selective membrane is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight proportioning: 1 part of blend carrier, 30~60 parts of Polyvinylchloride powder, 40~80 parts of dibutyl phthalates, 1~5 part of tetraphenylboron sodium.
On the basis of technique scheme, can there is following further optimal technical scheme:
Tetraphenylporphyrin or 18-crown ether-6 and dimethyl sulfide, triphenyl phosphorus, mix composition blend carrier in the parts by weight ratio of 1:1:1;
Or tetraphenylporphyrin mixes composition blend carrier with dimethyl sulfide in the mass fraction ratio of 1:1;
Or tetraphenylporphyrin mixes composition blend carrier with triphenyl phosphorus in the mass fraction ratio of 1:1;
Or tetraphenylporphyrin mixes composition blend carrier with 18-crown ether-6 in the mass fraction ratio of 1:1;
Or tetraphenylporphyrin or 18-crown ether-6 are mixed in the parts by weight ratio of 1:1 with dimethyl sulfide, mix in the parts by weight ratio of 1:1 with triphenyl phosphorus tetraphenylporphyrin or 18-crown ether-6, and above-mentioned two kinds of potpourris are mixed to composition blend carrier in the parts by weight ratio of 1:1 again.
Two, a kind of preparation method of organic polycomponent complex carrier Lead Ion-selective Electrode, make Lead Ion-selective Electrode by selective membrane, polyvinyl chloride pipe, Ag/AgCl internal reference electrode, internal-filling liquid, electrode end cap and extension line, it is characterized in that the preparation of described selective membrane comprises the following steps:
The preparation of a, blend carrier
Tetraphenylporphyrin and dimethyl sulfide, triphenyl phosphorus, mix in the mass fraction ratio of 1:1:1, then adds appropriate tetrahydrofuran, and ultrasonic dispersion, makes blend carrier;
Or tetraphenylporphyrin mixes in the mass fraction ratio of 1:1 with dimethyl sulfide, adds appropriate tetrahydrofuran, and ultrasonic dispersion, makes blend carrier;
Or tetraphenylporphyrin mixes in the mass fraction ratio of 1:1 with triphenyl phosphorus, adds appropriate tetrahydrofuran, and ultrasonic dispersion, makes blend carrier;
Or tetraphenylporphyrin mixes with the mass fraction ratio of 18-crown ether-6 1:1, adds appropriate tetrahydrofuran, and ultrasonic dispersion, makes blend carrier.Make blend carrier;
The preparation of b, lead ion selective membrane
Adopt the raw material of following parts by weight proportioning: 1 part of blend carrier, 30~60 parts of Polyvinylchloride powder, 40~80 parts of dibutyl phthalates, 1~5 part of tetraphenylboron sodium, after the raw material of said ratio is mixed, adds appropriate tetrahydrofuran, ultrasound wave fully heats dispersion, above-mentioned solution is poured into and is bonded in the glass ring that on glass sheet, diameter is 80mm, under room temperature, make naturally to dry after tetrahydrofuran volatilization, make the lead ion selective membrane of organic polycomponent physical blending carrier.
Basic ideas of the present invention are that large cyclisation is closed as calixarenes, tetraphenylporphyrin, 18-crown ether-6 etc., and the organism that contains soft active atomic (O, S, P) is as triphenyl phosphorus, dimethyl sulfide fully mix, and makes physical blending carrier.Then blend carrier, Polyvinylchloride powder, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and tetraphenylboron sodium are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, ultrasonic dispersion, solvent evaporates is dry, obtains lead ion selective membrane.O on the one hand, S, P etc. have lone pair electrons, can there is special synergy with macrocyclic compound, due to coverage, the stack of the structure of matter, the size of macrocyclic compound cavity, configuration, rigidity etc. are adjusted on the other hand, thereby change roping capability, susceptibility etc. to lead ion, and change the responding ability to lead ion, the performance of ion-selective electrode is improved.
Finally, make Lead Ion-selective Electrode with selective membrane, Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe, Ag/AgCl internal reference electrode, internal-filling liquid, electrode end cap, extension line assembling, this part content belongs to known technology.
The present invention compared with prior art, has significant technical progress, reaches the object of support modification by physical mixed, and the performance of ion-selective electrode is improved.Electrode preparation of the present invention is simple, the particularly preparation of active carrier, avoid numerous and diverse chemosynthesis process and used a large amount of organic reagents, reduce cost, improve efficiency, and electrode good linearity, response are soon, other Cation Interferences is less, stability is high, and can reach 3 months serviceable life, and quantitative and qualitative analysis detection is carried out in the fields such as industrial waste water, biomedicine and food that can be used on.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described
It is pure that agents useful for same of the present invention is analysis, and configuration solution all adopts redistilled water.Tetraphenylporphyrin; 18-crown ether-6; Triphenyl phosphorus; Dimethyl sulfide; Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group produces; Polyvinylchloride (PVC) average degree of polymerization 700 ± 50, Dajie Chemical Co., Ltd., Tianjin produces; Tetraphenylboron sodium (NaTPB), Shanghai Qing Xi Chemical Industry Science Co., Ltd produces; Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Wuxi City Ya Sheng chemical industry Chemical Co., Ltd. produces; Plumbi nitras, chemical reagent work of HeFei University of Technology produces; Acetone, chemical reagent work of HeFei University of Technology produces; PHS-2C digital ph, Hangzhou Dong Xing Instrument Ltd. produces; 218 type Ag/AgCl electrodes, Shanghai Precision Scientific Apparatus Co., Ltd produces; 217 type biliquids connect saturated calomel electrode, and Shanghai Lei Ci instrument plant produces; Machinery stopwatch, upper starfish is bored stopwatch company limited and produces; JB-EA type stirrer, Shanghai Precision Scientific Apparatus Co., Ltd produces; FA1604N type electronic balance, Shanghai Precision Scientific Apparatus Co., Ltd produces.
Embodiment mono-: tetraphenylporphyrin one-component is as the preparation (blank) of carrier and film thereof
0.006g tetraphenylporphyrin, is dissolved in 5mL THF, ultrasonic dispersion 5min, then add successively 0.006g NaTPB, 0.2mL DBP, 0.2g PVC powder, intermittently ultrasonic dispersion 10min.Above-mentioned solution is poured into and is bonded in the glass ring that on glass sheet, diameter is 80mm, and under room temperature, 24h dries naturally, obtains pliable and tough and whippy selective membrane.
Embodiment bis-: tetraphenylporphyrin and dimethyl sulfide blend are as the preparation of carrier and film thereof
0.003g tetraphenylporphyrin, 0.003g dimethyl sulfide, is dissolved in 5mL THF, ultrasonic dispersion 5min, then add successively 0.006g NaTPB, 0.2mLDBP, 0.2gPVC powder, intermittently ultrasonic dispersion 10min.Above-mentioned solution is poured into and is bonded in the glass ring that on glass sheet, diameter is 80mm, and under room temperature, 24h dries naturally, obtains pliable and tough and whippy selective membrane.
Embodiment tri-: tetraphenylporphyrin and triphenyl phosphorus blend are as the preparation of carrier and film thereof
0.003g tetraphenylporphyrin, 0.003g triphenyl phosphorus, is dissolved in 5mL THF, ultrasonic dispersion 5min, then add successively 0.006g NaTPB, 0.2mLDBP, 0.2gPVC powder, intermittently ultrasonic dispersion 10min.Above-mentioned solution is poured into and is bonded in the glass ring that on glass sheet, diameter is 80mm, and under room temperature, 24h dries naturally, obtains pliable and tough and whippy selective membrane.
Embodiment tetra-: tetraphenylporphyrin and dimethyl sulfide, triphenyl phosphorus blend are as the preparation of carrier and film thereof
0.002g tetraphenylporphyrin, 0.002g dimethyl sulfide, 0.002g triphenyl phosphorus, is dissolved in 5mL THF, ultrasonic dispersion 5min, then add successively 0.006g NaTPB, 0.2mLDBP, 0.2gPVC powder, intermittently ultrasonic dispersion 10min.Above-mentioned solution is poured into and is bonded in the glass ring that on glass sheet, diameter is 80mm, and under room temperature, 24h dries naturally, obtains pliable and tough and whippy selective membrane.
Embodiment five: tetraphenylporphyrin and 18-crown ether-6 blend are as the preparation of carrier and film thereof
0.003g tetraphenylporphyrin, 0.003g18-crown ether-6, are dissolved in 5mL THF, ultrasonic dispersion 5min, then add successively 0.006g NaTPB, 0.2mLDBP, 0.2gPVC powder, intermittently ultrasonic dispersion 10min.Above-mentioned solution is poured into and is bonded in the glass ring that on glass sheet, diameter is 80mm, and under room temperature, 24h dries naturally, obtains pliable and tough and whippy selective membrane.
The organic polycomponent blend carrier selective membrane being made by above-described embodiment, prepare Lead Ion-selective Electrode:
The PVC powder THF solution that is 5% with mass percent is as bonding agent, lead ion selective membrane is bonded to the lower end of pvc pipe, after drying, in pvc pipe, be filled with the lead nitrate solution of certain volumetric molar concentration as internal-filling liquid, insert Ag/AgCl electrode as internal reference electrode, the upper end cover top electrode end cap of pvc pipe, draws wire, makes the Lead Ion-selective Electrode of organic polycomponent physical blending complex carrier.
The preparation of Dithizone:
Take 3.310g plumbi nitras and be placed in beaker, with redistilled water dissolving, be transferred in 100mL volumetric flask, add redistilled water constant volume, join to obtain 0.1000molL
-1dithizone.The preparation of all the other concentration adopts the preparation of stepwise dilution method.As, pipette the 0.1000molL of 10mL
-1dithizone, in 100mL volumetric flask, adds redistilled water constant volume, shakes up, and joins to obtain 0.01 molL
-1dithizone, stepwise dilution can be joined to obtain solution to 10
-7molL
-1.
The performance test of Lead Ion-selective Electrode:
Measure the electrode performance parameters such as the response curve, response time, PH platform, selectivity of the Lead Ion-selective Electrode of organic polycomponent physical blending complex carrier.
The mensuration of electrode potential
The measurement of current potential is used PHS-2C type PH meter.Outer contrast electrode is that 217 type biliquids connect saturated calomel electrode, and salt bridge is 0.1molL
-1kCl solution.Whole electrode is constructed as follows:
Internal reference electrode (Ag/AgCl) ︱ 10
-2molL
-1the Lead Ion-selective Electrode of the organic polycomponent physical blending of plumbi nitras ︱ complex carrier is surveyed the outer contrast electrode (SCE) of solution ︱ salt bridge ︱ outward with film ︱.
Concrete assay method: it is 10 that solution to be measured adopts concentration
-1~10
-8molL
-1plumbous standard solution.Measure the certain density plumbous standard solution of 30mL in 50mL beaker, membrane electrode is connected with PH meter with outer contrast electrode, PH meter is adjusted to mV shelves, measure from low to high by concentration.Constant agitation speed when measurement.Electrode uses front 10
-3molL
-1in lead nitrate solution, activate 24h hour, test is at room temperature carried out.
Test case 1:
The PVC powder THF solution that is 5% with mass percent, as bonding agent, will, using tetraphenylporphyrin one-component as the obtained film of carrier, stick at the lower end that diameter is the pvc pipe of 16mm, and bonding firmly, is got 3mL10 with syringe
-2molL
-1plumbous mark liquid is made internal-filling liquid, inserts Ag/AgCl electrode as internal reference electrode, covers electrode cap, draws lead-in wire, makes electrode.Electrode uses before with 10
-3molL
-1after plumbous mark liquid activation 24h, with second distillation be washed to potential value stable after, carry out performance test.
Test case 2:
The PVC powder THF solution that is 5% with mass percent is as bonding agent, will, using tetraphenylporphyrin and dimethyl sulfide blend as the obtained film of carrier, stick at the lower end that diameter is the pvc pipe of 16mm, and bonding firmly, is got 3mL10 with syringe
-2molL
-1plumbous mark liquid is made internal-filling liquid, inserts Ag/AgCl electrode as internal reference electrode, covers electrode cap, draws lead-in wire, makes electrode.Electrode uses before with 10
-3molL
-1after plumbous mark liquid activation 24h, with second distillation be washed to potential value stable after, carry out performance test.
Test case 3:
The PVC powder THF solution that is 5% with mass percent is as bonding agent, will, using tetraphenylporphyrin and triphenyl phosphorus blend as the obtained film of carrier, stick at the lower end that diameter is the pvc pipe of 16mm, and bonding firmly, is got 3mL10 with syringe
-2molL
-1plumbous mark liquid is made internal-filling liquid, inserts Ag/AgCl electrode as internal reference electrode, covers electrode cap, draws lead-in wire, makes electrode.Electrode uses before with 10
-3molL
-1after plumbous mark liquid activation 24h, with second distillation be washed to potential value stable after, carry out performance test.
Test case 4:
The PVC powder THF solution that is 5% with mass percent is as bonding agent, will, using tetraphenylporphyrin and dimethyl sulfide, triphenyl phosphorus blend as the obtained film of carrier, stick at the lower end that diameter is the pvc pipe of 16mm, and bonding firmly, is got 3mL10 with syringe
-2molL
-1plumbous mark liquid is made internal-filling liquid, inserts Ag/AgCl electrode as internal reference electrode, covers electrode cap, draws lead-in wire, makes electrode.Electrode uses before with 10
-3molL
-1after plumbous mark liquid activation 24h, with second distillation be washed to potential value stable after, then carry out performance test.
Test case 5:
The PVC powder THF solution that is 5% with mass percent is as bonding agent, will, using tetraphenylporphyrin and 18-crown ether-6 blend as the obtained film of carrier, stick at the lower end that diameter is the pvc pipe of 16mm, and bonding firmly, is got 3mL10 with syringe
-2molL
-1plumbous mark liquid is made internal-filling liquid, inserts Ag/AgCl electrode as internal reference electrode, covers electrode cap, draws lead-in wire, makes electrode.Electrode uses before with 10
-3molL
-1after plumbous mark liquid activation 24h, with second distillation be washed to potential value stable after, then carry out performance test.
Fig. 2 has provided in test case 1-5, and 5 kinds of Different electrodes are to this special response curve of the energy of lead ion, and corresponding electrode performance parameter is provided by table 1.
The Lead Ion-selective Electrode performance parameter of the different films of table 1
From Fig. 2 and table 1, can find out, due to the organism difference of 5 kinds of electrode holder blend, they are not quite similar at aspects such as the range of linearity, slope, detection limit, response times.Along with reducing of plumbum ion concentration in liquid to be measured, the corresponding prolongation of response time of all electrodes, but be 10 at plumbum ion concentration
-7molL
-1liquid to be measured in, test case 4 electrodes still can reach stationary value in 35s.What test case 2-5 presented can be better than test case 1 by Ernest & Whitney response performance, be due in test case 1 only using tetraphenylporphyrin one-component as carrier, and test case 2-5 is using tetraphenylporphyrin and dimethyl sulfide or triphenyl phosphorus or 18-crown ether-6 blend as carrier, wherein dimethyl sulfide, triphenyl phosphorus, 18-crown ether-6 have soft base active atomic O, S, P, O, S, P has lone pair electrons, can there is special complexing synergy with tetraphenylporphyrin, thereby improve roping capability, the susceptibility etc. to lead ion.The blend of dimethyl sulfide, triphenyl phosphorus, 18-crown ether-6 and tetraphenylporphyrin on the other hand, the mutual stack between each material different structure, the size of tetraphenylporphyrin cavity, rigidity etc. change, thereby have improved performance.
Test case 6:
With 1.0 × 10
-3molL
-1lead ion solution is investigated the impact of solution pH value on electrode response current potential, uses HNO
3with NaoH regulator solution pH value.Fig. 3 has provided 1.0 × 10 of test case 1-5
-3molL
-1the graph of a relation of different PH and electrode response current potential in lead ion solution.As seen from Figure 3, within the scope of the PH investigating, the impact of different PH test solution on Lead Ion-selective Electrode performance, each electrode also has different PH platforms.Test case 1-5 is respectively, and 3.1~5.4,3.4~6.4,3.7~6.7,3.4~7.8,2.7~5.8.When the pH value of test solution is in flat roof area separately, the response of electrode remains unchanged substantially, illustrates that the scope of application of PH and plumbum ion concentration are irrelevant.Except this scope, electrode response is changed significantly.Under less PH, the H of high-load
+hinder the further ion-exchange of ion in ion and the solution to be measured in carrier film, caused electrode potential unstable.Under higher PH, OH
-content is higher, and the lead ion that concentration is high is easier to Pb (OH)
+and Pb (OH)
2form exist, cause plumbum ion concentration in solution to diminish, cause that electrode potential is unstable.
Test case 8
Fixing interfering ion concentration method in the mixed solution method of employing IUPAC recommendation is measured electrode and is selected coefficient, and fixing interfering ion concentration is 10
-2molL
-1change plumbum ion concentration, the interference coefficient of determination part segregant, the results are shown in Table 2.
The selection coefficient of the various interfering ions of table 2
Table 2 result shows, in table, the selection coefficient of all interfering ions is all less than 1, illustrate that this Lead Ion-selective Electrode has good selectivity to ion, but every kind of interfering ion also has very big difference to the annoyance level of lead ion, the annoyance level being subject to specific to test case 4 is Ag
+> Na
+> Fe
3+> Ca
2+> Cu
2+> Hg
2+.Owing to containing soft base active atomic O, S, P is organic to add, and test case 2-5 all has increase in various degree to the antijamming capability of interfering ion, and wherein test case 2 is to Hg
2+resistivity obviously improve.
Only the present invention will be described for above-described embodiment, do not form the restriction to claim scope, and those skilled in the art can conceivable other substantial equivalence means, all within the scope of claim of the present invention.