CN102680202B - Measurement device and method for moving speed and mass distribution of sand grains of wind-blown sand creeping layer - Google Patents
Measurement device and method for moving speed and mass distribution of sand grains of wind-blown sand creeping layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measurement device and a measurement method for the moving speed and mass distribution of sand grains of a wind-blown sand creeping layer. The measurement device comprises a separation chamber; and the separation chamber is provided with an entrance (205) and a separation wall (4), wherein the entrance (205) is arranged at the top wall of the separation chamber, the separation wall (4) is arranged between the top wall and the bottom wall, the bottom wall is opposite to the top wall, a plurality of separation ports (7) are sequentially and parallelly arranged on the separation wall (4) from top to bottom, and each separation port (7) is connected with a corresponding collection component (8). According to the measurement method for the moving speed and mass distribution of the sand grains of the wind-blown sand creeping layer, supposing that the horizontal distance between the entrance (205) and the separation wall (4) is x0, the vertical distances between the upper end and the lower end of an i-th separation port (7) and the entrance (205) are respectively yi1 and yi2, and then, the velocity range of horizontal initial velocities of the sand grains entering the i-th separation port (7) is expressed by a formula (shown in a drawing).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dust storm of can measuring and wriggle and move device and the measuring method of layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution thereof, this measurement mechanism and measuring method are particularly useful for open-air dust storm observation or wind tunnel experiment.
Background technology
China is one of the most serious country of in the world hazards of sand storms.For effective prevent and control sandy storm disaster, at first must study the basic law of knowing wind-driven sediment.
In the stream grains of sand motions comprising wriggle move, saltation and suspended three kinds of forms of motion.Wherein, wriggle and move the forms of motion that to be the grains of sand roll or slide at husky bed surface, saltation be the grains of sand after husky bed surface take-off, under Action of Gravity Field, drop to again the forms of motion of husky bed surface, suspended is that the grains of sand are suspended in the forms of motion that flows together along with air in the air.These three kinds of forms of motion are interrelated, exist complicated exchanges of mass and energy between them, therefore must take into account these three kinds of forms of motion in dust storm theoretical research and dust storm engineering practice.But the complicacy of wind-driven sediment forces again the researcher that these three kinds of forms of motion are isolated to come artificially and studies.
According to the difference of forms of motion, stream is divided into successively from top to bottom suspended layer, saltation layer and wriggles move layer.As the part of stream, dust storm wriggled, and to move layer research of grains of sand movement velocity be an important problem.Wang et al.(Wang Y., Wang D W., Wang L., Zhang Y., 2009.Measurement of sand creep on a flat sand bed using a high-speed digital camera.Sedimentology, 56:1705-1712) and the people (Zhang Yang such as Zhang Yang, Wang Yuan, He Wenbo, the optical measurement of 2010. sand grain creeping movement locus and analysis, Science Bulletin, 55 (33): 3186-3192; Zhang Yang, Wang Yuan, Wang Li, 2011. sand grain creeping movement velocitys are measured and statistical study, experimental fluid mechanics, 25 (2): 96-100) proposed a kind of method of utilizing high speed camera to take the shifting movement of wriggling on the husky bed surface with depression angle.The method is through the consecutive operations of non-negative image subtraction, automatic threshold method and two-way DT-PTV, and setting up wriggles moves particle swarm frame matching relation, can extract the movement of particles track from the successive frame matching relationship, and then obtains to wriggle to move grains of sand movement velocity.In addition, not seeing other dusts storm wriggles and moves layer report of grains of sand movement velocity research.
But, Wang et al.(2009) and Zhang Yang etc. (2010,2011) research method Shortcomings: wriggle and move layer and have certain thickness, the superiors' grains of sand motion mainly is to be produced by particle collision and air-flow shear action, lower floor's grains of sand motion mainly is that intergranular friction and air-flow shear action produce, and upper strata grains of sand movement velocity is greater than lower floor's grains of sand movement velocity.Move the grains of sand and high speed camera can only photograph wriggling of the superiors, therefore, the result of this research method has obviously exaggerated to wriggle and has moved a layer grains of sand movement velocity.In addition, namely allow to photograph suitable wriggling and move grains of sand moving image, but the disposal route in later stage also is to affect to wriggle to move the key link of grains of sand movement velocity.For identical image, take different extracting method will obtain different wriggling and move grains of sand movement velocity.
Therefore, present stage observation technology be difficult to measure wriggle and move a layer grains of sand kinematic parameter, Accurate Determining is wriggled and is moved a layer grains of sand motion and just become the focus that dust storm educational circles pays close attention to, and does not move the special surveying instrument of layer grains of sand movement velocity but also have dust storm to wriggle at present.
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
For this reason, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of dust storm wriggles and moves measurement mechanism and the measuring method of layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution thereof, this measurement mechanism and measuring method can be measured exactly dust storm and wriggle and move speed and mass distribution thereof in layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution thereof, the especially low-speed range.
For the scheme of dealing with problems
Measurement mechanism of the present invention, it is wriggled for the measurement dust storm and moves layer grains of sand movement velocity and a mass distribution thereof, and this measurement mechanism comprises disengagement chamber, and described disengagement chamber has: entrance, described entrance is arranged at the roof of described disengagement chamber; Separates walls, described separates walls are arranged between described roof and the diapire, and wherein said diapire is relative with described roof, and are provided with side by side successively from top to bottom a plurality of separating openings on described separates walls, and described each separating opening is connected with corresponding collecting part.
The grains of sand that move in the layer of wriggling enter disengagement chamber from entrance, and the grains of sand are done level throw motion afterwards, and the separating opening that the grains of sand of varying level initial velocity enter respectively the differing heights place enters in the collecting part again, will fall on the diapire less than the grains of sand of specified level initial velocity.Like this, measure the sand amount that differing heights place collecting part collects and fall sand amount on the diapire, can obtain dust storm and wriggle and move layer grains of sand movement velocity and a mass distribution thereof by calculating.
Described separating opening has the extension away from described separates walls and the extension of described disengagement chamber, is set with described collecting part in described extension rear end.This setting party being connected and dismounting between collecting part and the separating opening.
Described extension tilts towards the back lower place, and the angle between described extension and the described separates walls is in 32 ° to 75 ° scope.This arranges and has guaranteed that the grains of sand that enter separating opening can successfully enter in the collecting part.
Described collecting part is provided with screen window, described screen window allow air-flow by and stop the grains of sand and pass through.The grains of sand that screen window can prevent that airflow reflux from will enter separating opening are set roll out, thereby guaranteed the precision of measuring.
Described entrance be length direction along the groove of the elongated rectangular shape of left and right directions, the width of described groove be the described grains of sand particle diameter 1.5-3 doubly.It is elongated rectangular shape that groove is set, and the grains of sand motion state in whole entrance scope that has guaranteed to enter disengagement chamber is even; The width that groove is set be sand particle size 1.5-3 doubly, can effectively reduce the grains of sand in the saltation layer and enter quantity in the disengagement chamber.This setting can guarantee the precision measured.
Described roof comprises fixation wall and the slide that can slide with respect to described fixation wall, and described entrance is arranged at described slide, and described fixation wall is provided with opening, and the yardstick of described opening on fore-and-aft direction is greater than the stroke of described slide.It is adjustable that this arranges the horizontal range that has guaranteed between entrance and the separates walls, thereby can control the grains of sand from entering disengagement chamber to the run duration that enters each this section of separating opening motion process, and then the control survey condition.Described run duration is longer, and then the grains of sand of varying level initial velocity are got more in short transverse and to be opened when entering each separating opening.
The length of each described separating opening on left and right directions is more than or equal to the length of described entrance, and aligns at left and right directions with the left and right directions center of each described each separating opening in the left and right directions center of described entrance.This arranges and has guaranteed that the grains of sand that move to each separating opening place all can enter each separating opening, can not meet the peripheral perisporium of each separating opening, has improved the precision of measuring.
Described disengagement chamber also has escape hole, and described escape hole is used for the grains of sand of described disengagement chamber inner accumulated are discharged, and described escape hole is connected with removable closure member.Escape hole is set, and the convenient grains of sand that will accumulate on the diapire are discharged.
Described measurement mechanism also comprises levelling gear, and described levelling gear is for the degree of tilt of regulating described entrance, so that described roof is positioned at surface level.This arranges and has guaranteed the precision of measuring.
Measuring method of the present invention, it uses above-mentioned measurement mechanism measurement dust storm to wriggle and moves layer grains of sand movement velocity and a mass distribution thereof, and this measuring method comprises the steps:
(1) arranges described measurement mechanism, guarantee that described roof is concordant with husky bed surface;
(2) guarantee wind direction along the fore-and-aft direction of described measurement mechanism, dust storm is wriggled move layer from the described measurement mechanism top motion regular hour;
(3) measure the quality m of the grains of sand of collecting in each collecting part
i, wherein, i=1,2 ..., N, N are the sums of described separating opening, the position of the separating opening of the larger correspondence of numerical value is higher, and calculates and these part grains of sand m
iCorresponding velocity range, computing method are as follows:
If the horizontal range between described entrance and the described separates walls is x
0Vertical range between described i separating opening top and bottom and the described entrance is respectively y
I1And y
I2, then described velocity range is
Wherein, g is acceleration of gravity;
(4) measure the quality m that accumulates in the grains of sand on the described diapire
0, establishing, the lower end of the separating opening of below and the vertical range between the described entrance are respectively y
12, then the velocity range corresponding with these part grains of sand is
Wherein, g is acceleration of gravity;
(5) calculate the total mass M that enters the grains of sand in the described disengagement chamber,
And then the ratio that obtains the grains of sand in the corresponding velocity range is m
i/ M is wriggled and is moved layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution rate thereof thereby obtain dust storm.
Also comprise following correction step:
(1) according to the known saltation grains of sand proportion of available data, cut successively N, N-1 ..., the shared total husky amount of the grains of sand in the n collecting part ratio, until acquired results is less than or equal to zero;
(2) recomputating dust storm with the grains of sand that gather on the grains of sand in n-1 the collecting part of below and the diapire (203) wriggles and moves layer grains of sand speed and a mass distribution thereof.
Description of drawings
Explain the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Wherein,
Fig. 1 is the front view that measurement mechanism of the present invention is shown;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view that the measurement mechanism among Fig. 1 is shown;
Fig. 3 is the side view that the measurement mechanism among Fig. 1 is shown;
Fig. 4 is the cut-open view along the intercepting of the line 4-4 among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the cut-open view along the intercepting of the line 5-5 among Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B are respectively the partial enlarged drawings of the top and bottom of the measurement mechanism among Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is the stereographic map that sand collecting cavity of the present invention (collecting part) is shown;
Fig. 8 uses measurement mechanism of the present invention to measure the wriggle synoptic diagram of the method for moving layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution thereof of dust storm;
Fig. 9 illustrates the wriggle schematic diagram of the method for moving layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution thereof of measurement dust storm of the present invention;
Figure 10 shows the variation of the roof that comprises slide;
Figure 11 shows the variation of the separating opening with tip.
Description of reference numerals
1 measurement mechanism, 2 housings, 201 open side, 202 roofs (fixation wall), 203 diapires, 204 front side walls, 205 entrances, 206 escape holes, 207 left side walls, 208 right side walls, 3 bonnets, 301 bolts, 4 separates walls (midfeather), 5 disengagement chambers, 6 bottoms, 7 separating openings, 701 extensions, 702 tips, 8 sand collecting cavities (collecting part), 801 screen windows, 9 levelling gears, 10 brassboards, 11 husky beds, 12 slides, 13 screw rods.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 A and 6B, measurement mechanism 1 of the present invention comprises housing 2, and housing 2 has five walls, i.e. roof 202, diapire 203 and three sidewalls, thus 2 of housings have opening 201 in a side.
Measurement mechanism of the present invention for convenience of description, the open side 201 of setting hereinafter housing 2 is rear side, and a side relative with open side 201 is the front side, and the housing sidewall in the front side is called front side wall 204; During face forward, the sidewall that is positioned at left-hand side is left side wall 207, and the sidewall that is positioned at right-hand side is right side wall 208; And a side of setting roof 202 places is upside, and a side at diapire 203 places is downside.As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the line direction between roof 202 and the diapire 203 is above-below direction, and the line direction between front side wall 202 and the rear openings 201 is fore-and-aft direction, and the line direction between left side wall 207 and the right side wall 208 is left and right directions.
Can be seen that by Fig. 4 be provided with entrance 205 at the roof 202 of housing 2, the grains of sand can enter disengagement chamber 5 from entrance 205.Diapire 203 at housing 2 is provided with escape hole 206, and escape hole 206 is connected with bottom 6 as closure member.When having gathered the grains of sand on the diapire 203, the bottom 6 of sealing escape hole 206 is opened, the grains of sand that gather can be discharged from escape hole 206.
As seen from Figure 2, entrance 205 be the length direction of the groove of elongated rectangular shape and described groove along left and right directions, grains of sand motion state in whole entrance 205 scopes that the groove of this shape can guarantee to enter disengagement chamber 5 is even.The 1.5-3 that the width of groove is set to sand particle size doubly usually in the scope of 0.05mm to 0.2mm, can effectively reduce like this grains of sand in the saltation layer and enter quantity in the disengagement chamber 5, thereby can guarantee the precision measured.
As shown in Figure 5, separates walls 4 is arranged between roof 202 and the diapire 203, and is that above-below direction extends along the direction of pointing to diapires 203 from roof 202, is provided with side by side successively from top to bottom a plurality of separating openings 7 on separates walls 4.Be provided with altogether in the present embodiment 60 separating openings 7.The separating opening 7 of varying number can be set in other embodiments, certainly.The length of each separating opening 7 on left and right directions need to be more than or equal to the length of entrance 202, and align at left and right directions with the left and right directions center of each separating opening 7 in the left and right directions center of entrance 202, and namely the left and right directions of entrance 202 and each separating opening 7 is centered close in the same plane with the left and right directions quadrature.This arranges and has guaranteed that the grains of sand that move to each separating opening 7 place all can enter each separating opening 7, can not meet the peripheral perisporium of each separating opening 7, has improved the precision of measuring.
Can be more clearly visible from Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, each separating opening 7 all has the extension 701 away from described separates walls 4 and disengagement chamber 5 extensions.For the grains of sand that guarantee to enter separating opening 7 can successfully enter in the sand collecting cavity 8 as collecting part, each extension 701 tilts towards the back lower place.Preferably, the angle between extension 701 and the separates walls 4 is set at 32 ° to 75 ° scope.
In addition, can be found out by Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B that the wall of the extension 701 of each separating opening 7 is compared with the wall of sand collecting cavity 8, and is thin in the extreme.Can prevent like this grains of sand when entering each separating opening 7 with the collision of the wall of separating opening 7, can improve the precision of measurement.To be described in detail measuring method of the present invention after a while.
Each extension 701 inserts as in each sand collecting cavity 8 of collecting part.As seen from Figure 7, the upper side wall of sand collecting cavity 8 is provided with screen window 801, this screen window 801 allow air-flows by and stop the grains of sand and pass through.Carrying air draught secretly owing to enter the grains of sand of disengagement chamber 5 from entrance 205, screen window 801 is set prevents the airflow reflux that enters sand collecting cavity 8 from each separating opening 7, thereby can prevent that the grains of sand that will enter separating opening 7 owing to airflow reflux from rolling out, thereby guarantee the precision of measuring.
Fig. 8 shows measurement mechanism of the present invention 1 is used for the wriggle synoptic diagram of the measurement that moves layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution thereof of dust storm.Fig. 8 shows the example that measurement mechanism 1 of the present invention is used for wind tunnel experiment.As shown in Figure 8, the below of measurement mechanism 1 is provided with levelling gear 9, and levelling gear 9 can be regulated the degree of tilt of roof 202, so that roof 202 is positioned at surface level.Levelling gear 9 shown in Fig. 8 comprises three leveling bolts at the place, leg-of-mutton different summit that lays respectively in the surface level, regulates respectively this three degree of tilt that the leveling bolt can be regulated roof 202.The levelling gear here also can adopt other structures of the prior art.
Explain below in conjunction with Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 and to use measurement mechanism 1 of the present invention to measure dust storm to wriggle and move the method for layer grains of sand speed and mass distribution thereof.As shown in Figure 8, before measuring, need to arrange measurement mechanism 1.Measurement mechanism 1 is put into the groove (not shown) of offering on the brassboard 10, then lay the grains of sand at brassboard 10, utilize levelling gear 9 to regulate measurement mechanism 1, assurance roof 202 is surperficial concordant with husky bed 11.In order to prevent that the grains of sand from missing from the slit between the groove of housing 2 and brassboard 10, can between housing 2 and groove, elastic sealing element be set.Like this, can guarantee that namely not having the grains of sand misses, make it possible to again utilize 9 pairs of measurement mechanisms of governor motion to carry out leveling.
Then enter experiment link.As shown in Figure 9, guarantee that wind speed is constant in the wind-tunnel, then form stable wriggling on husky bed 11 surfaces and move layer.Need in this link to guarantee that wind speed namely guarantees wind direction along the Width of entrance 205 along the fore-and-aft direction of measurement mechanism 1, and dust storm is wriggled move a layer motion regular hour.The grains of sand that move in the layer only have horizontal velocity owing to wriggle, the grains of sand that move in the layer of wriggling are done level throw motion after entrance 205 enters disengagement chamber 5, the separating opening 7 that the grains of sand of varying level initial velocity enter respectively the differing heights place enters in the sand collecting cavity 8 again, will fall on the diapire 203 less than the grains of sand of specified level initial velocity.
Particularly, give successively in the present embodiment 60 separating openings 7 numberings, the position of numbering larger separating opening 7 correspondences is higher.Nethermost separating opening 7 is the 1st separating opening 7, and uppermost separating opening 7 is the 60th separating opening 7.Fig. 9 show in the 1st separating opening 7 and all the other 59 separating openings 7 any one (establish it and be numbered i, i=2,3 ..., 60).Horizontal range between entrance 205 and the separates walls 4 is x
0Thereby the horizontal shift of the grains of sand in disengagement chamber 5 that enters each separating opening 7 is x
0Because grains of sand componental movement in the horizontal direction is uniform motion, so the different run duration difference of the grains of sand in disengagement chamber 5 of initial velocity.Because the grains of sand are the movement of falling object at the componental movement of vertical direction, according to the vertical distance between upper end, lower end and the entrance 205 of each separating opening 7, can calculate the grains of sand that enter each disengagement chamber 5 in the time of disengagement chamber 5 interior motions.Can calculate velocity range with the grains of sand that enter each separating opening 7 by the run duration that calculates again.Computing method are as follows:
Vertical range between described i separating opening 7 top and bottom and the described entrance 205 is respectively y
I1And y
I2, the velocity range that then enters i separating opening 7 is
Wherein g is acceleration of gravity.
The specified level initial velocity can be according to the lower end of the 1st separating opening 7 and the vertical range y between the entrance 205
12Calculate.To can not enter separating opening 7 and accumulate at diapire 203 less than the grains of sand of this specified level initial velocity.The velocity range that accumulates in the grains of sand on the diapire 203 is calculated as follows.
Measurement accumulates in the quality m of the grains of sand on the described diapire
0, establishing, the lower end of the separating opening 7 of below and the vertical range between the described entrance 205 are respectively y
12, then the velocity range corresponding with these part grains of sand is
Wherein, g is acceleration of gravity.
After experiment finishes, measure the sand amount m that collects in the differing heights place sand collecting cavity 8
iWith the sand amount m that falls on the diapire 203
0Can calculate thus the total mass M that enters the grains of sand in the described disengagement chamber 5,
And then the ratio that obtains the grains of sand in the corresponding velocity range is m
i/ M is wriggled and is moved layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution rate thereof thereby obtain dust storm.
Need to prove that the grains of sand that enter disengagement chamber 5 not only have and move layer from wriggling, also have from the saltation layer.In order to eliminate the impact from the grains of sand of saltation layer, need to revise experimental result.Because the grains of sand speed of saltation layer is larger, after entering disengagement chamber 5, the grains of sand of saltation mainly enter the separating opening 7 of top, as long as therefore can determine the saltation grains of sand are occupied an leading position in which sand collecting cavity 8, when computing velocity and mass distribution thereof, do not use the sand amount in these sand collecting cavities 8, can eliminate the impact of the grains of sand of saltation.
Particularly, can be according to the known saltation grains of sand proportion of available data, cut successively the 60th, the 59th ..., the shared total husky amount of the grains of sand in the n collecting part ratio, until acquired results is less than or equal to zero.Then with the sand amount m in n-1 the collecting part of below
iWith the sand amount m that gathers on the diapire 203
0Recomputating dust storm wriggles and moves layer grains of sand speed and a mass distribution thereof.
Figure 10 shows the variation of measurement mechanism 1 of the present invention.The roof of housing 2 comprises fixation wall 202 and the slide 12 that can slide with respect to fixation wall 202, can guide rail be set at slide 12, and in fixation wall 202 guide groove be set, thereby so that guide rail in the guide groove slides within.Also can screw be set at slide 12, and screw rod 13 is set in the screw, make slide 12 and fixation wall 202 be fixedly connected with or remove being connected of slide 12 and stator by screwing screw rod 13.These all belong to prior art, do not do too much explanation.
Figure 11 shows the variation of the structure of separating opening 7.In Figure 11, the thickness of the extension 701 of separating opening 7 is suitable with the thickness of sand collecting cavity 8, and is made as tip 702 at the front end of extension 701, and the technique formation such as cutting can be adopted in this tip 702.Because adopt thin sheet processing separating opening 7 to require the precision of processing high, technical difficulty is large, and it is comparatively easy to adopt thicker sheet to process separating opening 7.And extension 701 front ends arrange tip 702 can prevent equally the grains of sand entering each separating opening 7 in the collision of the wall of separating opening 7 peripheries, thereby can improve the precision of measurement.
In addition, as embodiment that can conversion, separates walls 4 can be and the individual components that can separate with housing 2.When measuring, separates walls 4 is installed in the housing 2.Test complete after, separates walls 4 can be removed from housing 2.
The invention is not restricted to above-mentioned disclosed content, those skilled in the art can make up or modification according to foregoing, all belong to scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a measurement mechanism (1), it is used for measuring dust storm wriggles and moves layer grains of sand movement velocity and a mass distribution thereof, it is characterized in that this measurement mechanism (1) comprises disengagement chamber (5),
Described disengagement chamber (5) has:
Entrance (205), described entrance (205) are arranged at the roof (202) of described disengagement chamber (5);
Separates walls (4), described separates walls (4) is arranged between described roof (202) and the diapire (203), wherein said diapire (203) is relative with described roof (202), and on described separates walls (4), be provided with side by side successively from top to bottom a plurality of separating openings (7), described each separating opening (7) is connected with corresponding collecting part (8)
Described entrance (205) be length direction along the groove of the elongated rectangular shape of left and right directions, the width of described groove be the described grains of sand particle diameter 1.5-3 doubly.
2. measurement mechanism according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, described separating opening (7) has the extension (701) away from described separates walls (4) and described disengagement chamber (5) extension, is set with described collecting part (8) in described extension (701) rear end.
3. measurement mechanism according to claim 2 (1) is characterized in that, described extension (701) tilts towards the back lower place, and the angle between described extension (701) and the described separates walls (4) is in 32 ° to 75 ° scope.
4. measurement mechanism according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described collecting part (8) is provided with screen window (801), described screen window (801) allow air-flow by and stop the grains of sand and pass through.
5. each described measurement mechanism (1) in 4 according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described roof comprises fixation wall and the slide (12) that can slide with respect to described fixation wall, described entrance (205) is arranged at described slide (12), and described fixation wall is provided with opening, and the yardstick of described opening on fore-and-aft direction is greater than the stroke of described slide (12).
6. each described measurement mechanism (1) in 4 according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the length of each described separating opening (7) on left and right directions is more than or equal to the length of described entrance (205), and aligns at left and right directions with the left and right directions center of each described each separating opening (7) in the left and right directions center of described entrance (205).
7. measurement mechanism according to claim 5 (1), it is characterized in that, the length of each described separating opening (7) on left and right directions is more than or equal to the length of described entrance (205), and aligns at left and right directions with the left and right directions center of each described each separating opening (7) in the left and right directions center of described entrance (205).
8. each described measurement mechanism (1) in 4 according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described disengagement chamber also has escape hole (206), described escape hole (206) is used for the grains of sand of described disengagement chamber (5) inner accumulated are discharged, and described escape hole (206) is connected with removable closure member (6).
9. each described measurement mechanism (1) in 4 according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described measurement mechanism (1) also comprises levelling gear (9), and described levelling gear (9) is for the degree of tilt of regulating described entrance (205), so that described roof (202) is positioned at surface level.
10. measuring method, its right to use require each the described measurement mechanism (1) in 1 to 9 to measure dust storm to wriggle and move layer grains of sand movement velocity and a mass distribution thereof, it is characterized in that this measuring method comprises the steps:
(1) arranges described measurement mechanism (1), guarantee that described roof (202) is concordant with husky bed (11) surface;
(2) guarantee wind direction along the fore-and-aft direction of described measurement mechanism (1), dust storm is wriggled move layer from described measurement mechanism (1) the top motion regular hour;
(3) measure the quality m of the grains of sand of collecting in each collecting part (8)
i, wherein, i=1,2 ..., N, N are the sums of described separating opening (7), the position of the separating opening of the larger correspondence of numerical value (7) is higher, and calculates and these part grains of sand m
iCorresponding velocity range, computing method are as follows:
If the horizontal range between described entrance (205) and the described separates walls (4) is x
0Vertical range between described i separating opening (7) top and bottom and the described entrance (205) is respectively y
I1And y
I2, then described velocity range is
Wherein, g is acceleration of gravity;
(4) measure the quality m that accumulates in the grains of sand on the described diapire (203)
0, establishing, the lower end of the separating opening (7) of below and the vertical range between the described entrance (205) are respectively y
12, then the velocity range corresponding with these part grains of sand is
Wherein, g is acceleration of gravity;
(5) calculate the total mass M that enters the grains of sand in the described disengagement chamber (5),
And then the ratio that obtains the grains of sand in the corresponding velocity range is m
i/ M is wriggled and is moved layer grains of sand movement velocity and mass distribution rate thereof thereby obtain dust storm.
11. measuring method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises following correction step:
(1) according to the known saltation grains of sand proportion of available data, cut successively N, N-1 ..., the shared total husky amount of the grains of sand in the n collecting part (8) ratio, until acquired results is less than or equal to zero;
(2) recomputating dust storm with the grains of sand that gather on the grains of sand in n-1 the collecting part (8) of below and the diapire (203) wriggles and moves layer grains of sand speed and a mass distribution thereof.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103278307B (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-04-16 | 北京师范大学 | Measuring device and measuring method for distribution of falling speed of sand in sand saltation layer |
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