CN102678473A - 改良风力涡轮机叶片表面的布置结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及改良风力涡轮机叶片表面的布置结构。在本发明的布置结构中,塑性带被布置在叶片的特定位置以在那里增强叶片表面。塑性带表现为包括具有至少两层的夹层结构。该塑性带包括第一层,第一层包括碳纤维。该碳纤维用于增强该带的目的。该塑性带在该带的第一侧面上包括与第一层连接的第二层。第二层包括纯热塑性氟聚合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及改良风力涡轮机叶片表面的布置结构。
背景技术
海上风力涡轮机和位于气候寒冷的站点的风力涡轮机需要防止受到周围环境(例如,冰)的影响,甚至需要防止受到腐蚀。
特别地,风力涡轮机的叶片需要防止结冰。否则,这些叶片的空气动力特性会显著降低,并且风力涡轮机的输出功率会降低。
对叶片(或多个叶片)进行加热来除冰是已知的。这能够通过电功率源以及通过连接的加热丝来实现,其中这些加热丝集成在例如叶片表面中。甚至可用热的或温暖的空气来除冰。例如,空气被引入到叶片的空腔中,并且可借助于风力涡轮机部件来产生该空气。
特别地,叶片前缘易于腐蚀,因此,该叶片的表面在风力涡轮机的使用期限内会逐渐受到损害。受损害的叶片表面允许冰生长并在那里显著膨胀。
叶片表面的腐蚀主要是由灰尘颗粒造成的,这些灰尘颗粒被高速的风吹动,从而重重冲击转动的叶片。
叶片表面的腐蚀还由鸟撞击、蝙蝠撞击、霜冻、盐(在海上站点处)、雨水、昆虫造成,甚至由作用在该叶片上的长期负载造成。
长期负载可以导致毛发状裂缝,这些毛发状裂缝成为盐和/或冰等的侵蚀点。
文献US2008/0181775 A1公开了针对腐蚀、闪电和结冰改良的叶片。该叶片的前缘包括锋面和腐蚀防护罩。该防护罩位于该叶片的锋面外部。在叶片制造过程中,将热量产生元件定位于防护罩与锋面之间以对其进行固定。这种方案复杂并且非常昂贵。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种改良风力涡轮机叶片表面以避免那里出现腐蚀的布置结构。
这个目的通过独立权利要求的特征来实现。本发明的各优选配置是从属权利要求的目的所在。
根据本发明,专门设计的塑性带被放置在叶片表面的特定位置。
已知这些特定位置难于对付腐蚀,因此需要以更好的方式得到增强以抵挡周围环境的影响。
在优选配置中,该塑性带沿着该叶片的前缘被放置,因为已知这个区域会受到腐蚀的挑战。
本发明的塑性带包括碳纤维,这些碳纤维用于实现增强该带的目的。
这些碳纤维用作该塑性带的其它组成部分的载体。因此,该载体形成带状夹层结构内的第一层。
在一种优选配置中,第一层或载体层还包括热塑性材料。该热塑性材料可以由PTFE、PVDF、PP或PET制成。该热塑性材料可以用于连接和/或引导和/或支撑碳纤维。
该塑性带在第一侧面上包括与该载体层或第一层连接的第二层。
第二层优选包括所谓的”聚偏氟乙烯(Polyvinylidene Fluoride,PVDF) “。
“聚偏氟乙烯,PVDF”是高度非反应性的纯热塑性氟聚合物。因此,甚至其它纯热塑性氟聚合物也可以用作第二层。
在一种优选配置中,该塑性带在该带的第二侧面上包括第三层。第三层与该载体层或第一层连接并且被布置在第二层的对面。
因此,该带的第二侧面在该带的第一侧面的对面。
该塑性带的第二侧面被制备成与该叶片连接以改良叶片表面。
这种连接可以借助于额外的第三层来建立。优选地,第三层通过涂覆的粘合剂与该叶片连接。由于是聚酯或聚亚安酯,因此第三层非常适于基于粘合剂的连接。
第一层或载体层可以被制备成通过涂覆的粘合剂与叶片表面连接。在该例中,夹层结构表现为仅仅两层:载体层和第二层,而第二层朝向周围环境,以后作为叶片表面。
在一种优选配置中,该粘合剂为液体粘合剂。
如上所述,该塑性带表现为夹层结构。
优选地,该塑性带由三层制成:
· PVDF层或第二层,其形成顶层并且对着周围环境,充当叶片表面;
· 载体层或第一层,其包括用于增强目的的碳纤维;以及
· 第三层,其包括聚酯或聚亚安酯作为该带的底层。
该塑性带甚至可以由两层制成:
· PVDF层或第二层,其形成顶层并且对着周围环境,充当叶片表面,以及
· 载体层或第一层,其包括用于增强目的的碳纤维。
这两种选择均可优选地通过液体粘合剂连接到该叶片。
纯热塑性氟聚合物(如PVDF)表现出低的表面张力,因而非常坚硬。优选地,利用热和压力将该热塑性氟聚合物与碳纤维连接。
在一种优选配置中,该塑性带被布置在模具内,以变成叶片表面的整体化部分。
优选地,在“真空辅助树脂传递模塑(Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Mould, VARTM)”工艺中使用该模具。因此,在涂覆基体材料(如树脂等)前,该带被布置在该模具内。在该叶片被制造或铸造之前,该带被布置在模具内。
该过程非常简单,并且几乎不需要占用工作人员的额外时间。因此,与现有技术相比其定位非常容易实现。
该带“磨光”或弄平了铸造叶片的表面。因此,在叶片铸造工艺完成之后抛光工作或维修工作所需的时间很少。
整体化塑性带特别针对结冰改良了叶片表面,因为最后得到的叶片表面非常光滑。因此,在布置了该带的位置处,减少乃至避免了冰的“成长”。
优选地,该塑性带的这些层借助于“滚压系统”制成。
例如,第一层或载体层包括优选成形为塑性带的热塑性材料。
该热塑性材料可以由PTFE、PVDF、PP或PET制成。
该热塑性材料被加热到接近其熔点。接下来碳纤维借助于辊子在中途被挤压到已加热的热塑性材料中。
因此,优选地,该塑性材料和该碳纤维构建成第一层或载体层。
碳纤维的其余半部分从该表面突出,因而这部分可以用于与涂覆的纯热塑性氟聚合物连接。
甚至可用基于树脂的系统(例如,拉挤成形系统)来构建该分层塑性带。该碳纤维被浸入树脂并连续地通过辊子到达模板,同时树脂固化。
随后,甚至可以朝该叶片附上该塑性带。在制成增强塑性带之后,例如可以利用压敏粘合剂或传统粘合剂将其粘合到该叶片表面。甚至各种类型的“热熔粘合剂”也可用来实现该目的。
具有碳纤维的该塑性带与所用的“热熔粘合剂”相比示出较高的熔点。这允许该带(从外部或通过向碳纤维施加电流)被加热而不会损坏该材料直到达到该粘合剂的可用温度。
附图说明
借助附图更详细地示出了本发明。
这些附图仅仅是优选配置的示例,并非要限制本发明要求保护的范围。
图1示出了根据本发明的具有第一带的叶片表面的横截面视图;
图2示出了根据本发明的具有第二带的叶片表面的横截面视图;和
图3示出了该带在风力涡轮机上的优选位置。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的具有第一带T11的叶片表面BS。
带T11表现为夹层结构并且包括三个层L11、L21、L31。
层L11包括上文所述的PVDF。因此,层L11是带T11的第一侧面的一部分。
层L11与载体层L21连接。载体层L21包括用于增强目的的碳纤维。
载体层L21与层L31连接。层L31包括聚氨酯。因此,层L21是带T11的第二侧面的一部分,其在第一侧面的对面。
带T11通过涂覆在带T11与该叶片表面BS之间的粘合剂ADH与叶片表面BS连接。
图2示出了根据本发明的具有第二带T22的叶片表面BS。
带T22仅仅包括两个层L12和L22。顶层L12包括上文所述的PVDF。
顶层L12与载体层L22连接。载体层L22包括用于增强目的的碳纤维。
带T22通过涂覆在带T22与该叶片表面BS之间的粘合剂ADH与叶片表面BS连接。
图3示出本发明的带接近叶片BL的根端RE的优选位置。
这三条带T31、T32和T33示出根据本发明的夹层结构。
这些带T31、T32和T33与叶片BL连接,从而对着该叶片的周围环境,在那里充当改良的叶片表面。
为了进行最佳实施,这些带T31、T32和T33在某点彼此交叉,但是它们在那些点彼此不相连接。因此,带T31布置在带T32和T33之下而不会与它们“短路”。
Claims (13)
1.改良风力涡轮机叶片表面的布置结构
其中塑性带被布置在所述叶片的特定位置以在那里增强叶片表面,
其中所述塑性带包括具有至少两层的夹层结构,
其中所述塑性带包括第一层,
其中所述第一层包括碳纤维,其用于增加所述带的目的,
其中所述塑性带在所述带的第一侧面上包括第二层,所述第一侧面对着所述叶片的周围环境,
其中所述第二层与所述第一层连接,并且
其中所述第二层包括纯热塑性氟聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的布置结构,其中所述第二层包括聚偏氟乙烯PVDF。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的布置结构,
其中所述塑性带包括被布置在所述带的第二侧面上的第三层,
其中所述第三层与所述第一层连接,并且
其中所述带的第二侧面被布置在所带的第一侧面的对面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的布置结构,其中所述塑性带的所述第三层被制备成与所述叶片连接以改良所述叶片表面。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的布置结构,其中所述塑性带的所述第一层被制备成与所述叶片连接以改良所述叶片表面。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的布置结构,其中,所述连接由涂覆的粘合剂建立。
7.根据权利要求6所述的布置结构,其中所述粘合剂是液体粘合剂。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的布置结构,其中所述塑性带被布置在模具内以变成所述叶片表面的整体化部分。
9.根据权利要求8所述的布置结构,其中所述模具被制备或被布置成在真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺中使用。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的布置结构,其中所述带在基体材料被涂覆以铸造所述叶片之前被布置在所述模具内。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的布置结构,其中所述第一层和所述第二层通过所施加的热和/或压力进行连接。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的布置结构,其中所述塑性带被布置所述叶片受周围环境影响导致腐蚀的位置处。
13.根据权利要求12所述的布置结构,其中所述塑性带接近和/或沿着所述叶片的前缘布置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11157898.5A EP2497943B1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Wind turbine blade with an improved surface |
EP11157898.5 | 2011-03-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN102678473A true CN102678473A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
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CN2011104436726A Pending CN102678473A (zh) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-12-27 | 改良风力涡轮机叶片表面的布置结构 |
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US (1) | US20120230830A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2497943B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102678473A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2770938A1 (zh) |
DK (2) | DK2497943T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012123034A1 (zh) |
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FI20115536L (fi) * | 2011-05-31 | 2013-03-25 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Tuuliturbiinin siipi ja tähän liittyvä valmistusmenetelmä |
US9897065B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2018-02-20 | General Electric Company | Modular wind turbine rotor blades and methods of assembling same |
US10337490B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2019-07-02 | General Electric Company | Structural component for a modular rotor blade |
US10077758B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2018-09-18 | General Electric Company | Corrugated pre-cured laminate plates for use within wind turbine rotor blades |
US10072632B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2018-09-11 | General Electric Company | Spar cap for a wind turbine rotor blade formed from pre-cured laminate plates of varying thicknesses |
US10107257B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-10-23 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine rotor blade components formed from pultruded hybrid-resin fiber-reinforced composites |
US10113532B2 (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2018-10-30 | General Electric Company | Pre-cured composites for rotor blade components |
US10422316B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2019-09-24 | General Electric Company | Pre-cured rotor blade components having areas of variable stiffness |
WO2018060298A1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Adhesive protective cover system |
US11274653B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2022-03-15 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Protective cover system |
EP3504428A1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2019-07-03 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Protective cover system for protecting a leading edge of a wind turbine rotor blade |
WO2018059763A1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Protective cap for protecting a leading edge of a wind turbine rotor blade |
EP3559443B1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2023-06-07 | BladeRobots A/S | Methods and systems for repairing wind turbine blades |
EP3357953A1 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-08 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Composition and method for prevention of leading edge erosion in wind turbines |
CA3066694A1 (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improved electro-thermal heating elements |
ES2954182T3 (es) | 2018-03-08 | 2023-11-20 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy As | Cubierta protectora para proteger un borde de ataque de una pala de turbina eólica |
EP3550142B1 (en) | 2018-04-05 | 2020-08-12 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Method for on-site repairing of a wind turbine component |
US11143164B1 (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2021-10-12 | Epic Metals Corporation | Vertical windmill blade |
DE102018218067B3 (de) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-03-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Rotorblattverlängerung |
EP3869035B1 (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2022-11-30 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology, S.L. | Blade for a rotor of a wind turbine and manufacturing method thereof |
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- 2011-03-11 DK DK11157898.5T patent/DK2497943T3/da active
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- 2011-12-27 CN CN2011104436726A patent/CN102678473A/zh active Pending
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2012
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2497943B1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2686546B1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
CA2770938A1 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
US20120230830A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
DK2686546T3 (en) | 2016-04-18 |
DK2497943T3 (da) | 2014-01-20 |
EP2497943A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
WO2012123034A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
EP2686546A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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