CN102676981A - Method for laser preparation of titanium nitride gradient coating on surface of titanium and titanium alloy - Google Patents
Method for laser preparation of titanium nitride gradient coating on surface of titanium and titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for a laser preparation of a titanium nitride gradient coating on a surface of titanium and titanium alloy. The method comprises the steps of performing surface cleaning treatment, surface blackening treatment and preheating treatment for a workpiece subatrate; and then carrying out laser nitriding treatment. The method is characterized in that the laser nitriding treatment is performed in a condition of filling reaction gas, and simultaneously laser scanning treatment and ultrasonic oscillating treatment for the surface of the workpiece subatrate are carried out. The titanium nitride gradient coating with a thickness of 50-200 [mu]m is obtained on the surface of the titanium and titanium alloy. The titanium nitride gradient coating is mainly composed of a nitride layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer, and has uniform transition of the coating microstructure. The surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the titanium nitride gradient coating are improved significantly than those of the matrix. Also, problems that crack are easy to produce, surface roughness is large, and the crystal grains of dendrite crystals of a nitride layer are coarse, in ordinary laser gas nitriding processes, are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the surface-treated of titanium or titanium alloy, particularly a kind of titanium or titanium alloy surface laser prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding.
Background technology
Titanium or titanium alloy is because of it has that specific tenacity height, hot strength are high, solidity to corrosion is good, excellent in low temperature toughness, high-temperature mechanical property is good and advantage such as biocompatibility excellence, has all obtained application widely in fields such as aerospace, petrochemical complex, biomedicine and other civilian industries.Yet the surface hardness of titanium or titanium alloy is lower, and chemically reactive is bigger, and under the sliding friction condition, frictional behaviour is relatively poor, and particularly the friction and wear drag is quite low, has seriously limited its application.Therefore, wear-resisting, the resistance to high temperature oxidation and the surface property such as corrosion-resistant that further improve titanium or titanium alloy have just become to need badly the problem of solution.Except that the composition and preparation technology that improve alloy, it is at present effective means that titanium alloy is carried out surface-treated, so the titanium alloy surface modification technology becomes the focus of current domestic and international research.
Titanium nitride has received concern more and more widely owing to have HMP, high firmness, stability at elevated temperature, high-wearing feature and advantages such as good heat conductivility, conductivity, optical property, biocompatibility.When titanium or titanium alloy is carried out surface-treated often at its surface preparation one deck titanium nitride coating.At present, mainly contain traditional nitriding, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapour deposition, ion implantation and laser surface modification etc. in the method for titanium or titanium alloy surface preparation titanium nitride coating.
The tradition nitriding comprises methods such as gas nitriding, salt bath nitriding, ionitriding.It is simple that gas nitriding has equipment, and less investment is widely applicable, can be used for the complicated component of different shape, and advantage such as process stabilizing, production cost be low; But its exist the cycle long, temperature is high, infiltration layer is thin, tissue is difficult to control and need be to shortcomings such as the long-term heating of whole workpiece.Ionitriding is compared gas nitriding and is existed nitriding speed fast, and that nitrided case is organized is easy to control, fragility is little, and nitriding operation such as needn't quench again so sample is out of shape advantages such as little after generating cementation zone; Wear resistance is low, wearing layer thin but should technology also exist, long processing period, and tissue is difficult to shortcomings such as control flexibly, has limited its range of application again.
Physical vapor deposition is temperature required low, and workpiece deformation is little, and matrix inside is not softened, and suits the most the very high titanium alloy workpiece of accuracy requirement is carried out surface Hardening Treatment.But compare with the CVD method, the coating that the PVD method forms is thinner, and is low slightly with the adhesion fastness of matrix generally at 1～3 μ m, and relatively poor around plating property.
Chemical vapour deposition has characteristics such as film forming speed is fast, plated film diffraction property is good, coating purity high, crystallization is complete, deposition surface is smooth, radiation injury is low with respect to the PVD method.But because device needs the requirement of envrionment conditionss such as high-temperature, high vacuum, thereby it is applied and has received very big restriction.
Ion implantation total dose, depth profile and the surface uniformity that can accurately control impurity, and be low temperature process (can prevent the diffusion again of original impurity etc.), can realize self-aligned technology (to reduce capacity effect) simultaneously; But because the more shallow and ion implantation technique cost of the ion implantation nitride layer that obtains has limited its application again than problems such as height.
The method of at present titanium or titanium alloy being carried out nitride laser mainly is pulse laser induced gas nitriding and laser gas nitriding method.Pulse laser induced nitrogenize have only when pulse number reach certain numerical value, when laser reaches certain intensity, the surface just golden yellow can occur, the too low large-area treatment that is not suitable for of the efficient of this method.Laser gas nitriding belongs to laser surface gas alloying, and it is to introduce nitrogen when utilizing laser irradiation titanium or titanium alloy surface, forms high firmness, anti abrasive nitride layer, and it has nitride layer/substrate interface and becomes metallurgical binding, and the heat affected zone is little, and workpiece deformation is little; Can local heating, contactless processing, shortcoming such as advantage such as the preparation required time is short, and nitrogenize layer depth (can reach the hundreds of micron) is controlled, but also exist surfaceness big is prone to crack, and workpiece is yielding.
Summary of the invention
The present invention adopts preheating, with the recombining process of alterant, ultrasonic oscillation and laser scanning; The shortcoming that be prone to when having solved the conventional laser gas nitriding to crack, surfaceness is big, matrix is yielding and nitride layer crystal grain is thick; Improve the hardness of titanium or titanium alloy, improved its wear and corrosion behavior.
The invention provides the method that a kind of titanium or titanium alloy surface laser prepares the titanium nitride gradient cladding; At first workpiece substrate is carried out cleaning surfaces processing, the processing of surperficial melanism and thermal pretreatment; And then carry out nitride laser and handle; It is characterized in that it is to fill under the reactant gases condition that nitride laser is handled, and carries out processing of workpiece substrate laser scanning surface and ultrasonic oscillation simultaneously and handles.
Concrete measure to workpiece substrate laser scanning processing and ultrasonic oscillation processing of the present invention is: workpiece is placed on the semi closed Stage microscope; The semi closed container is placed in the ultrasonic oscillation producer; Feed reactant gases for some time to the semi closed container earlier; Then workpiece is carried out the processing of laser scanning processing and ultrasonic oscillation simultaneously and make it form the titanium nitride gradient cladding, close laser, stop the input of ultrasonic oscillation and gas again.
Of the present inventionly the concrete processing parameter that laser scanning handles is carried out on the workpiece substrate surface be: laser power 500～3000W, sweep velocity 500～5000mm/min, spot size Φ 2mm～5mm.
Reactant gases of the present invention is N
2With the mixed gas of Ar, N
2Shared content is 50～100%, and gas flow is 10～300L/h.
Surperficial melanism of the present invention is treated to: at the SiO of the thick interpolation alterant of matrix surface spraying 0.03～0.1mm
2Extinction coating.
The SiO of spraying when surperficial melanism of the present invention is handled
2Alterant in the extinction coating is aluminium and vanadium powder end, and mass ratio is 3: 2.
The thermal pretreatment of workpiece substrate of the present invention is: matrix is heated to 100～300 ℃.
The invention provides a kind of have hardness height, the surfaces nitrided titanium gradient cladding of titanium or titanium alloy that wear and corrosion behavior is good, form by nitride layer and nitrogen diffused layer, wherein, about 3～10 μ m of nitride layer thickness, about 30～200 μ m of nitrogen diffusion region thickness.
Titanium nitride gradient cladding provided by the invention has following characteristics:
1, defective such as pore-free, crackle;
2, the coatingsurface roughness is low, crystal grain is tiny;
3, hardness improves a lot than matrix;
4, coating structure and hardness are with to the variation of surface distance and even variation;
5, surface abrasion resistance property is greatly improved than matrix, has reduced the degree of skimming wear and adhesive wear;
6, the solidity to corrosion in reductant has had large increase than matrix, and pitting corrosion resistant performance improves.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect: experimental technique have easy and simple to handle, can local heating, contactless processing, advantage such as the preparation required time is short, and titanium nitride gradient cladding layer depth (can reach the hundreds of micron) is controlled.There is not obvious boundary between titanium nitride gradient cladding that forms after laser scanning is handled and matrix, the coating structure even transition, so its structure is tight, coating and matrix bond ability are strong.Through detecting, titanium nitride gradient cladding crystal grain is tiny, do not have defectives such as pore, crackle, and coating quality is good, and surfaceness is low.Can know that through hardness measurement titanium nitride gradient cladding hardness improves very big, and hardness is with the variation even variation to surface distance.Draw through friction-wear test, the titanium nitride gradient cladding frictional coefficient and the polishing scratch degree of depth are all less, and its structure is tight, have the lubricated effect of good anti-friction scrape along antifriction, and wear resistance improves 5～10 times.Adopt M283 potentiostat and M352 test analysis software that titanium alloy laser gas nitriding titanium gradient cladding and matrix are carried out corrosion proof test and comparative analysis, find that the titanium nitride gradient cladding improves 10～20 times than matrix solidity to corrosion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that titanium or titanium alloy laser scanning processing and ultrasonic oscillation are handled the experimental installation synoptic diagram.
Among the figure 1, laser apparatus, 2, the gas filling device, 3, the ultrasonic oscillation producer, 4, have a Stage microscope, 5, semienclosed container, 6, laser beam, 7, workpiece.
The surfaces nitrided titanium gradient cladding of the titanium or titanium alloy diagrammatic cross-section that Fig. 2 obtains after handling for laser scanning.
(a) expression nitride layer among the figure, (b) expression nitrogen spreading area, (c) expression heat affected zone, (d) expression titanium or titanium alloy matrix.
Fig. 3 shows through flaw detection for the non-destructive test(ing)(NDT) figure of big area overlap joint titanium nitride gradient cladding, defectives such as titanium nitride gradient cladding pore-free, crackle, and coating quality is good.
Fig. 4 handles the variation diagram of sample cross section, back hardness with this table of distances layer depth for laser scanning.
Fig. 5 handles the electrokinetic potential polarization curve synoptic diagram of back sample and untreated samples for laser scanning.
Embodiment
The thick TA2 thin plate of 4mm is carried out laser treatment, and concrete steps are following:
1, at first that the titanium alloy substrate surface finish is clean, and clean with acetone and to deoil;
2, the SiO that alterant is done at the thick interpolation aluminium of the matrix after clean spraying 0.03～0.1mm and vanadium powder end
2Extinction coating;
3, substrate preheating to 100～300 after melanism is handled ℃;
4, the matrix with preheating is placed in the semi closed container that charges into reactant gases, carries out laser scanning and handles, and carries out ultrasonic oscillation simultaneously and handles; The practical implementation step is: sample is placed on the semi closed Stage microscope; The semi closed container is placed in the ultrasonic oscillation producer, feeds reactant gases for some time to the semi closed container earlier, use high power laser that sample is carried out the laser scanning processing and make it directly form golden yellow titanium nitride gradient cladding; Close laser, stop the gas input again.
5, the concrete processing parameter of laser scanning processing is: spot size Φ 2mm～5mm, and power 500～3000W, sweep velocity 500～5000mm/min, reactant gases are N
2With the mixed gas of Ar, N
2Shared content is 50～100%, and gas flow is 10～300L/h.
Obtain the titanium nitride gradient cladding after the processing, coating can be divided into nitride layer and nitrogen diffused layer, and the coating structure transition is even.Titanium nitride gradient cladding surface inspection is found, defectives such as nitrogenize gradient cladding pore-free, crackle, quality is good, and defectogram is as shown in Figure 4.Titanium nitride gradient cladding thickness is about 50～200 μ m after the laser gas nitriding.
Through instrument detecting, the hardness of the titanium nitride gradient cladding that obtains after the laser treatment is up to 1020HV
0.2, nitrogen diffused layer hardness is taken second place, and the hardness of heat affected zone also increases than the TA2 matrix, and matrix hardness is 230HV
0.2, show that laser treatment can significantly improve the TA2 surface hardness, and then improve wear resistance that titanium nitride gradient cladding changes in hardness is as shown in Figure 5.Draw through friction-wear test, this titanium nitride gradient cladding skin friction coefficient, the polishing scratch degree of depth etc. are all very little, have the lubricated effect of good anti-friction scrape along antifriction, and wear resistance improves about 5～10 times.
Find that through corrosion resistant test the TA2 sample corrosion potential after the laser treatment exceeds about 66mV than matrix, explain laser treatment can obviously reduce TA2 from corrosion tendency, this mainly be corrosion potential owing to TiN than higher, play a protective role.The surfaces nitrided titanium gradient cladding of TA2 electrokinetic potential polarization curve obviously moves to left than matrix electrokinetic potential polarization curve, and is as shown in Figure 6.Analyze and know that it ties up blunt current density is 52% of matrix, and its curve is more stable, so anti-local corrosion and uniform corrosion ability and passive state stability all are better than the TA2 matrix.Through calculating, solidity to corrosion probably improves 10～20 times.
Claims (7)
1. a titanium or titanium alloy surface laser prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding; At first workpiece substrate is carried out cleaning surfaces processing, the processing of surperficial melanism and thermal pretreatment; And then carry out nitride laser and handle; It is characterized in that it is to fill under the reactant gases condition that nitride laser is handled, and carries out processing of workpiece substrate laser scanning surface and ultrasonic oscillation simultaneously and handles.
2. titanium or titanium alloy surface laser according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding; It is characterized in that; Described concrete measure to workpiece substrate laser scanning processing and ultrasonic oscillation processing is: workpiece is placed on the semi closed Stage microscope; The semi closed container is placed in the ultrasonic oscillation producer, feeds reactant gases for some time to the semi closed container earlier, then workpiece is carried out the processing of laser scanning processing and ultrasonic oscillation simultaneously and make it form the titanium nitride gradient cladding; Close laser, stop the input of ultrasonic oscillation and gas again.
3. titanium or titanium alloy surface laser according to claim 1 and 2 prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding; It is characterized in that; Describedly the concrete processing parameter that laser scanning handles is carried out on the workpiece substrate surface be: laser power 500～3000W; Sweep velocity 500～5000mm/min, spot size Φ 2mm～5mm.
4. titanium or titanium alloy surface laser according to claim 1 and 2 prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding, it is characterized in that, described reactant gases is N
2With the mixed gas of Ar, N
2Shared content is 50～100%, and gas flow is 10～300L/h.
5. titanium or titanium alloy surface laser according to claim 1 and 2 prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding, it is characterized in that, described surperficial melanism is treated to: at the SiO of the thick interpolation alterant of matrix surface spraying 0.03～0.1mm
2Extinction coating.
6. titanium or titanium alloy surface laser according to claim 1 and 2 prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding, it is characterized in that, the SiO of spraying when described surperficial melanism is handled
2Alterant in the extinction coating is aluminium and vanadium powder end, and mass ratio is 3: 2.
7. titanium or titanium alloy surface laser according to claim 1 and 2 prepares the method for titanium nitride gradient cladding, it is characterized in that, the thermal pretreatment of described workpiece substrate is: matrix is heated to 100～300 ℃.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014698A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-03 | 常州大学 | Laser-induced reinforcing method for compositing TiCN on metal surface layer |
| CN103789720A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 樊宇 | Method for enhancing laser nitridation effect through double-pulse stepped waveform laser |
| CN105568213A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-11 | 中原工学院 | Preparation process for structuralized water erosion preventing layer of titanium alloy blade |
| CN106835006A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-13 | 中南大学 | A kind of ultrasonic nitriding means of defence of used in aluminium alloy casting titanium alloy radiation |
| CN106947970A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-14 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of titanium or titanium alloy surface prepares fine grain Ti3The method and apparatus of Al/TiN gradient coatings |
| CN107345289A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-11-14 | 暨南大学 | A kind of method that laser prepares titanium alloy nitrogen titanium coating textured surfaces |
| CN107475662A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-15 | 广西大学 | The method that a kind of low laser power of titanium alloy surface prepares TiN gradient coatings |
| CN107737932A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-27 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of integrated laser increasing material manufacturing method that titanium or titanium alloy constituency is strengthened |
| CN109295453A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method that steel surface prepares titanium nitride coating |
| CN110904404A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Process method and device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology |
| CN113529008A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-22 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for preparing gradient composite wear-resistant coating on surface of titanium or titanium alloy |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014698A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-03 | 常州大学 | Laser-induced reinforcing method for compositing TiCN on metal surface layer |
| CN103789720A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 樊宇 | Method for enhancing laser nitridation effect through double-pulse stepped waveform laser |
| CN105568213B (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2018-03-23 | 中原工学院 | A kind of preparation technology of the anti-water erosion layer of the structuring of titanium alloy blade |
| CN105568213A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-11 | 中原工学院 | Preparation process for structuralized water erosion preventing layer of titanium alloy blade |
| CN106835006A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-13 | 中南大学 | A kind of ultrasonic nitriding means of defence of used in aluminium alloy casting titanium alloy radiation |
| CN106947970A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-14 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of titanium or titanium alloy surface prepares fine grain Ti3The method and apparatus of Al/TiN gradient coatings |
| CN107345289A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-11-14 | 暨南大学 | A kind of method that laser prepares titanium alloy nitrogen titanium coating textured surfaces |
| CN107345289B (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2019-09-17 | 暨南大学 | A kind of method that laser prepares titanium alloy nitrogen titanium coating textured surfaces |
| CN107475662A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-15 | 广西大学 | The method that a kind of low laser power of titanium alloy surface prepares TiN gradient coatings |
| CN107475662B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-10-08 | 广西大学 | The method that a kind of low laser power of titanium alloy surface prepares TiN gradient coating |
| CN107737932B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-08-06 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of integrated laser increasing material manufacturing method that titanium or titanium alloy constituency are strengthened |
| CN107737932A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-27 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of integrated laser increasing material manufacturing method that titanium or titanium alloy constituency is strengthened |
| CN109295453A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method that steel surface prepares titanium nitride coating |
| CN110904404A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Process method and device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology |
| CN113529008A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-22 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for preparing gradient composite wear-resistant coating on surface of titanium or titanium alloy |
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