CN102676808B - Method for separating chrome vanadium from vanadium slag decomposition liquid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for separating chrome vanadium from vanadium slag decomposition liquid. The method is characterized by comprising step one, crystallization separation of potassium chromate: evaporating the vanadium slag decomposition liquid into solution with concentration of potassium hydroxide of 550-700g/L, cooling to separate out potassium chromate crystals, stirring solution to raise the crystals, filtering to obtain the potassium chromate crystals and collecting crystallization mother liquor; and step two, crystallization separation of potassium vanadate: evaporating the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the step one into solution with concentration of potassium hydroxide of 750-1000g/L, adding potassium vanadate seed crystals into the cooled mother liquor, separating out potassium vanadate crystals, stirring solution to raise the crystals, and filtering to obtain the potassium vanadate crystals. Potassium vanadate and potassium chromate which are obtained through the method are high in purity and good in quality, and high-concentration alkali liquor after crystallization can be recycled. The whole process flow is simple and short, convenient to operate and easy to control and master. No other auxiliary materials are needed to be added, harmful gases and pollution water are avoided, and economic benefits and environment protection benefits are remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of separating vanadium chromium from the vanadium slag decomposed solution.
Background technology
Vanadium, chromium are important strategy metals, are widely used in the fields such as iron and steel, metallurgy, chemical industry.Vanadium, chromium are amphoteric metal, and character is quite similar, and the mode with symbiosis is present in the mineral slag usually, for example, with the form of vanadium iron, chromohercynite, are present in vanadium slag.
Vanadium slag is that important vanadium extracts raw material, and traditional process for extracting vanadium is mainly sodium roasting, but the vanadium recovery of sinter process is low, produces HCl, Cl
2deng toxic and harmful, and the chromium in vanadium slag is difficult to be extracted, and remains in tailings toxic sexavalent chrome serious environment pollution.Defect for traditional sinter process, Chinese patent CN 101812588A has proposed a kind of method that solution of potassium hydroxide under normal pressure extracts Vanadium in Vanadium Residue chromium, temperature of reaction is down to 180-260 ℃ from 750-850 ℃ of traditional technology, the transformation efficiency of vanadium chromium improves greatly, in tailings, content of vanadium is 0.2-1% (in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES), chromium content is 0.2-1% (in chromium sesquioxide), and does not produce any obnoxious flavour in reaction process, has a good application prospect.But the method adopts the potassium hydroxide solution decomposing vanadium slag of 65-90%, and the alkali concn of reacted dissolution fluid is very high, and the separation and Extraction that how to realize vanadium chromium in the high concentration of hydrogen potassium oxide solution is the key of this process implementing.
It is the important subject of vanadium field of metallurgy that vanadium chromium separates, and many people have carried out exploratory development, have proposed various separation methods, as chemical method, extraction process, ion exchange method etc.Chinese patent CN1073414A, under the pH=2-5 condition, adopts FeCl
3the precipitation vanadium, then reclaim chromium with chemical reduction method.This technology is difficult to obtain highly purified Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and chromic oxide, and the operational path complexity, and processing cost is higher, and is not suitable for operating under alkaline condition.Chinese patent application CN 101121962A adopts brothers varies extraction agent that most vanadium is extracted into to organic phase, then with the alkali lye back extraction, obtains vanadate, contains after the chromium raffinate adds reductive agent and sodium hydroxide and generates hydrated chromium oxide.The method can realize the separation fully of vanadium chromium, but the pH of extraction equilibrium liquid is 6-8.5, and the vanadium chromium therefore be not suitable in high alkaline solution separates.U.S. Pat 4344924 adopt the quaternary amine extraction agents under alkaline condition from water one step extracting vanadium chromium, then regulate pH value washing method separation vanadium chromium.This technological operation is simple, can obtain highly purified vanadium chromium product, but, due to the extraction agent finite capacity, is difficult to obtain the vanadium liquid of high density; And extraction pH value remains on 13-13.5, the extraction of inapplicable high alkaline solution vanadium chromium.Because the potassium hydroxide solution decomposing vanadium slag is a brand-new technique, the patent of separating there are no vanadium chromium in the high concentration of hydrogen potassium oxide solution or pertinent literature report.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the problem of separating vanadium chromium difficulty in prior art from contain the vanadium slag decomposed solution of high concentration of hydrogen potassium oxide, a kind of method of separating vanadium chromium from the vanadium slag decomposed solution is provided.
The present inventor finds through large quantity research: in strong alkali solution, vanadium and chromium exist with the form of positive vanadate and chromic salt, the solubleness of two kinds of sylvite is along with the difference of alkali concn and temperature can show obvious otherness, therefore, can utilize the difference fractional crystallization of this solubleness to obtain vanadium chromium.The contriver has developed a kind of method with evaporative crystallization and crystallisation by cooling from containing the vanadium slag decomposed solution of low-concentration hydrogen potassium oxide, separating potassiumchromate according to above-mentioned discovery, from the method containing separation potassium vanadate the vanadium slag decomposed solution of high concentration of hydrogen potassium oxide, the potassium vanadate obtained and potassiumchromate crystalline quality are good, purity is high, has guaranteed the purity of vanadium chromium in later stage product conversion process; Whole operating process flow process is simple, easy to operate, easy to implement; Auxiliary material is not added in sepn process, after evaporation of high concentrated liquor, containing high-alkali crystalline mother solution, is cycled to used in the decomposition of vanadium slag, can not produce any harmful waste water waste residue, can not cause the waste of resource yet, and economic benefit, environmental benefit are remarkable.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of method of separating vanadium chromium from the vanadium slag decomposed solution, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crystallization Separation potassiumchromate: it is 550-700g/L that the vanadium slag decomposed solution is evaporated to concentration of potassium hydroxide, separates out the potassiumchromate crystal after cooling, and the stirred solution growing the grain filters and obtains the potassiumchromate crystal, collects crystalline mother solution;
(2) Crystallization Separation potassium vanadate: it is 750-1000g/L that the crystalline mother solution obtained in step (1) is evaporated to concentration of potassium hydroxide, add the potassium vanadate crystal seed in cooling backward mother liquor, separate out the potassium vanadate crystal, the stirred solution growing the grain, filter and obtain the potassium vanadate crystal.
According to method provided by the invention, wherein, described vanadium slag decomposed solution is to obtain in the process with the potassium hydroxide solution decomposing vanadium slag, and this process is to be separated the preorder step of vanadium chromium by the vanadium slag decomposed solution, open by Chinese patent application CN 101812588A.The reaction dissolution fluid that this process obtains is the solution that contains potassium vanadate, potassiumchromate and potassium hydroxide, and wherein, the concentration of potassium hydroxide is generally 200-750g/L.Before implementing method of the present invention, it is 150-300g/L that above-mentioned reaction dissolution fluid is diluted to potassium hydroxide, obtains described vanadium slag decomposed solution, and wherein, potassium vanadate concentration can be 30-80g/L, and the concentration of potassiumchromate can be 3-10g/L.
Solubleness and degree of supersaturation due to potassium vanadate in the alkaline hydrogen potassium oxide solution are very high, therefore in the potassiumchromate than obtaining under low alkaline concentration, contain hardly vanadium; And the solubleness of potassiumchromate is very little under high-alkalinity, most of potassiumchromate is separated out in step (1), and in the potassium vanadate crystallization obtained, chromium content is very low, therefore, by the method for evaporation and crystallisation by cooling, can realize that the fractional crystallization of vanadium chromium from the vanadium slag decomposed solution separates.
According to method provided by the invention, wherein, the evaporation terminal in described step (1) can be 550-650g/L for concentration of potassium hydroxide in solution.
The solubleness of potassiumchromate in potassium hydroxide solution reduces along with the rising of concentration of potassium hydroxide, when the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution is respectively 200g/L and 500g/L, potassiumchromate solubleness is respectively 252g/L and 27.4g/L, when the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution is greater than 500g/L, potassiumchromate solubleness remains unchanged substantially, therefore, the evaporation terminal in described step (1) can be 550-700g/L for concentration of potassium hydroxide in solution.Therefore in addition, low temperature is conducive to the crystallization of potassiumchromate, can make by the method for evaporative crystallization and crystallisation by cooling unsaturated potassiumchromate crystallization under high-alkalinity under low alkaline concentration, thereby realizes separating of chromium and alkali lye.Found through experiments, the evaporation terminal in described step (1) is when in solution, concentration of potassium hydroxide is greater than 650g/L, the purity drop of potassiumchromate crystal.This is because concentration of potassium hydroxide raises, and causes the increase of the alkali amount of carrying secretly, and therefore, it is 550-650g/L that the evaporation terminal in step (1) can be preferably concentration of potassium hydroxide in solution.
The method according to this invention, wherein, the evaporation terminal in described step (2) can be 750-850g/L for concentration of potassium hydroxide in solution.
Positive potassium vanadate has very high solubleness in potassium hydroxide solution, and solubleness reduces with the rising of KOH concentration and the reduction of temperature, the method separation and Extraction potassium vanadate that therefore can adopt equally evaporative crystallization and crystallisation by cooling to combine.In addition, the potassium vanadate crystallization key property is to have very high degree of supersaturation and very long inductive phase.Under the prerequisite that does not add the potassium vanadate crystal seed, even KOH concentration reaches 1000g/L, positive potassium vanadate also is difficult to crystallization from alkali lye; And, after the interpolation crystal seed, when KOH is about 750g/L, the method by crystallisation by cooling can obtain rapidly the potassium vanadate crystal.In high density KOH solution, the potassium vanadate of crystallization is the positive potassium vanadate that contains five crystal water, and molecular formula is K
3vO
45H
2o.Therefore, the evaporation terminal in described step (2) can be 750-1000g/L for concentration of potassium hydroxide in solution.Found through experiments, evaporation terminal in described step (2) is that when in solution, concentration of potassium hydroxide is higher than 850g/L, the purity of potassium vanadate crystal descends to some extent, and this is because concentration of potassium hydroxide raises, cause the increase of the alkali amount of carrying secretly, vanadium crystallization purity is descended.Therefore, can be preferably concentration of potassium hydroxide in solution be 750-850g/L to the evaporation terminal in step (2).
In solution, the concentration of potassium hydroxide, potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate can record by inductive plasma emmission spectrum (ICP) method or volumetry.
According to method provided by the invention, wherein, in described step (1), by solution, cooling temperature terminal can be 40-70 ℃.
The method according to this invention, wherein, in described step (2), by solution, cooling method is cooling bath, cooling temperature terminal can be 30-40 ℃.
According to method provided by the invention, wherein, the weight of the potassium vanadate crystal seed added in described step (2) is more than 0.1% of v element weight in the vanadium slag decomposed solution, is preferably 0.3-0.6%.
The method according to this invention, wherein, the speed stirred in described step (1) and step (2) can be 100-300r/min, is preferably 200r/min.
According to method provided by the invention, wherein, the time of growing the grain is can 0.5-3 hour in described step (1) and step (2), is preferably 1 hour.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a kind of from potassium hydroxide solution the method for separation and Extraction potassium vanadate and potassiumchromate, solved the difficult problem that in the alkaline solution, vanadium chromium separates;
(2) the resulting potassium vanadate of the present invention and potassiumchromate crystalline quality are good, and purity is high, have guaranteed the purity of vanadium chromium in later stage product conversion process;
(3) the present invention adopts the method for evaporative crystallization and crystallisation by cooling to produce vanadium chromium product, and flow process is simple, easy to operate, easy to implement;
(4) the present invention does not add auxiliary material, after evaporation of high concentrated liquor, containing high-alkali crystalline mother solution, is cycled to used in the decomposition of vanadium slag, therefore, can not produce any harmful waste water waste residue, can not cause the waste of resource yet, and economic benefit, environmental benefit are remarkable.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below, describe by reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment of the present invention in detail, wherein:
The process flow sheet that Fig. 1 is the inventive method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail, the embodiment provided is only in order to illustrate the present invention, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
embodiment 1
Separate potassiumchromate and the potassium vanadate in the vanadium slag decomposed solution by method provided by the invention.
The vanadium slag decomposed solution that the present embodiment is used mainly comprises potassium hydroxide, potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate, and solution passes through following two step separation and Extraction potassiumchromates and potassium vanadate successively.
(1) Crystallization Separation potassiumchromate: by each concentration of component, be KOH 251.4g/L, K
3vO
454.51g/L, K
2crO
45.03g/L vanadium slag decomposed solution 11.81L be evaporated to KOH concentration 600.9g/L, solution is proceeded in beaker, naturally be cooled to 60 ℃, separate out the potassiumchromate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 200r/min, and growing the grain 1 hour filters and obtains the potassiumchromate crystal, collects crystalline mother solution.
(2) Crystallization Separation potassium vanadate: the crystalline mother solution obtained in step (1) is evaporated to KOH concentration 806.4g/L, stop heating, proceed in beaker by solution and be cooled to rapidly 35 ℃ in cold water, after the temperature maintenance is constant, add 1.2g potassium vanadate crystal seed, separate out the potassium vanadate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 200r/min, and growing the grain 1 hour filters and obtains the potassium vanadate crystal.
In crystallisation process in solution and the ionic concn in the crystal made all by the ICP method, record.Solution composition and potassiumchromate before and after crystallization, potassium vanadate crystalline component are as shown in table 1:
Table 1
In table, the percent crystallization in massecuite of potassiumchromate is to add after step (1) crystallization the ratio calculation of the total mass of potassiumchromate in liquid in the quality of potassiumchromate in the crystal made by step (1) and crystal.The same potassiumchromate of the method for calculation of potassium vanadate percent crystallization in massecuite.The KOH crystal is dissolved in alcohol and K
2crO
4and K
3vO
45H
2the O crystal is insoluble in alcohol, therefore can remove the KOH comprised in crystal with alcohol, in table, the crystallization purity of potassiumchromate is for removing the massfraction in the crystal that potassiumchromate makes in step (1) before KOH, and theoretical purity is the massfraction of removing in the crystal that potassiumchromate makes in step (1) after KOH.The same potassiumchromate of the method for calculation of potassium vanadate crystallization purity and theoretical purity.
As can be seen from Table 1, the crystallization terminal KOH concentration of vanadium chromium crystallization is controlled suitably, and the crystallization purity of resulting potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate is higher, is respectively 82.63% and 91.29%, and theoretical purity is respectively 87.54% and 96.82%.The impurity comprised in crystal is mainly the alkali lye that filtration procedure is carried secretly, and the method that can adopt alcohol to wash and starch is washed alkali lye off.The percent crystallization in massecuite of potassiumchromate is relatively high, be 70.5%, and the percent crystallization in massecuite of potassium vanadate is lower, is 18.74%.
embodiment 2
Separate potassiumchromate and the potassium vanadate in the vanadium slag decomposed solution by method provided by the invention.
The vanadium slag decomposed solution that the present embodiment is used mainly comprises potassium hydroxide, potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate, and solution passes through following two step separation and Extraction potassiumchromates and potassium vanadate successively.
(1) Crystallization Separation potassiumchromate: by each concentration of component, be KOH 283.8g/L, K
3vO
468.43g/L, K
2crO
45.23g/L vanadium slag decomposed solution 10.07L be evaporated to KOH concentration 670g/L, solution is proceeded in beaker, naturally be cooled to 40 ℃, separate out the potassiumchromate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 200r/min, and growing the grain 1.5 hours filters and obtains the potassiumchromate crystal, collects crystalline mother solution.
(2) Crystallization Separation potassium vanadate: the crystalline mother solution obtained in step (1) is evaporated to KOH concentration 861.5g/L, stop heating, proceed in beaker by solution and be cooled to rapidly 30 ℃ in cold water, after the temperature maintenance is constant, add 1g potassium vanadate crystal seed, separate out the potassium vanadate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 250r/min, and growing the grain 1 hour filters and obtains the potassium vanadate crystal.
In crystallisation process in solution and the ionic concn in the crystal made by the ICP method, record, each index calculating method is with embodiment 1.Solution composition and potassiumchromate in crystallisation process, potassium vanadate crystalline component are as shown in table 2:
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, when chromium crystallization terminal KOH is greater than 650g/L, the purity drop of potassiumchromate crystal, this is because KOH concentration raises, and causes the increase of the alkali amount of carrying secretly.The actual crystallization purity of potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate is respectively 71.86% and 92.71%; Theoretical purity is 93.14% and 99.26%; Percent crystallization in massecuite is respectively 65.33% and 20.24%.
embodiment 3
Separate potassiumchromate and the potassium vanadate in the vanadium slag decomposed solution by method provided by the invention.
The vanadium slag decomposed solution that the present embodiment is used mainly comprises potassium hydroxide, potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate, and solution passes through following two step separation and Extraction potassiumchromates and potassium vanadate successively.
(1) Crystallization Separation potassiumchromate: by each concentration of component, be KOH 257.5g/L, K
3vO
459.02g/L, K
2crO
45.21g/L vanadium slag decomposed solution 11.57L be evaporated to KOH concentration 668.4g/L, solution is proceeded in beaker, naturally be cooled to 70 ℃, separate out the potassiumchromate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 200r/min, and growing the grain 1 hour filters and obtains the potassiumchromate crystal, collects crystalline mother solution.
(2) Crystallization Separation potassium vanadate: the crystalline mother solution obtained in step (1) is evaporated to KOH concentration 824.7g/L, stop heating, proceed in beaker by solution and be cooled to rapidly 40 ℃ in cold water, after the temperature maintenance is constant, add 3g potassium vanadate crystal seed, separate out the potassium vanadate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 200r/min, and growing the grain 2 hours filters and obtains the potassium vanadate crystal.
In crystallisation process in solution and the ionic concn in the crystal made by the ICP method, record, each index calculating method is with embodiment 1.Solution composition and potassiumchromate in crystallisation process, potassium vanadate crystalline component are as shown in table 3:
Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the crystallization terminal KOH concentration of vanadium chromium crystallization in example 3 is controlled suitably, resulting crystal purity is higher, the crystallization purity of potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate is respectively 85.39% and 89.52%, theoretical purity reaches 97.13% and 98.92%, and percent crystallization in massecuite is respectively 72.71% and 26.1%.
embodiment 4
Separate potassiumchromate and the potassium vanadate in the vanadium slag decomposed solution by method provided by the invention.
The vanadium slag decomposed solution that the present embodiment is used mainly comprises potassium hydroxide, potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate, and solution passes through following two step separation and Extraction potassiumchromates and potassium vanadate successively.
(1) Crystallization Separation potassiumchromate: by each concentration of component, be KOH 260.6g/L, K
3vO
457.31g/L, K
2crO
47.37g/L vanadium slag decomposed solution 11.71L be evaporated to KOH concentration 634.7g/L, solution is proceeded in beaker, naturally be cooled to 50 ℃, separate out the potassiumchromate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 150r/min, and growing the grain 2 hours filters and obtains the potassiumchromate crystal, collects crystalline mother solution.
(2) Crystallization Separation potassium vanadate: the crystalline mother solution obtained in step (1) is evaporated to KOH concentration 887.2g/L, stop heating, proceed in beaker by solution and be cooled to rapidly 38 ℃ in cold water, after the temperature maintenance is constant, add 2.3g potassium vanadate crystal seed, separate out the potassium vanadate crystal.The adjustment mixing speed is 200r/min, and growing the grain 1 hour filters and obtains the potassium vanadate crystal.
In crystallisation process in solution and the ionic concn in the crystal made by the ICP method, record, each index calculating method is with embodiment 1.Solution composition and potassiumchromate in crystallisation process, potassium vanadate crystalline component are as shown in table 4:
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, vanadium crystallization terminal KOH concentration is during higher than 850g/L, and the purity of potassium vanadate crystal descends to some extent, and this is because KOH concentration raises, and causes the increase of the alkali amount of carrying secretly, and vanadium crystallization purity is descended.The actual crystallization purity of potassiumchromate and potassium vanadate is respectively 88.17% and 78.38%, and theoretical purity is 97.5% and 98.72%, and percent crystallization in massecuite is respectively 76.48% and 13.78%.
Claims (11)
1. a method of separating vanadium chromium from the vanadium slag decomposed solution, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crystallization Separation potassiumchromate: it is the 550-700 grams per liter that the vanadium slag decomposed solution is evaporated to concentration of potassium hydroxide, separates out the potassiumchromate crystal after cooling, and the stirred solution growing the grain filters and obtains the potassiumchromate crystal, collects crystalline mother solution;
(2) Crystallization Separation potassium vanadate: it is 750-1000g/L that the crystalline mother solution obtained in step (1) is evaporated to concentration of potassium hydroxide, adds the potassium vanadate crystal seed in cooling backward mother liquor, separates out the potassium vanadate crystal, and the stirred solution growing the grain, filter and obtain the potassium vanadate crystal,
Wherein, described vanadium slag decomposed solution is the solution that contains potassium vanadate, potassiumchromate and potassium hydroxide, and wherein, the concentration of potassium hydroxide is 150-350g/L, and the concentration of potassium vanadate is 30-80g/L, and the concentration of potassiumchromate is 3-10g/L.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the evaporation terminal in described step (1) is that in solution, concentration of potassium hydroxide is 550-650g/L.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the evaporation terminal in described step (2) is that in solution, concentration of potassium hydroxide is 750-850g/L.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, in described step (1), by solution, cooling temperature terminal is 40-70 ℃.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, in described step (2), by solution, cooling method is cooling bath, cooling temperature terminal is 30-40 ℃.
6. according to the described method of any one in claim 1 to 5, wherein, the weight of the potassium vanadate crystal seed added in described step (2) is more than 0.1% of v element weight in the vanadium slag decomposed solution.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein, the 0.3-0.6% that the weight of the potassium vanadate crystal seed added in described step (2) is the v element weight in the vanadium slag decomposed solution.
8. according to the described method of any one in claim 1 to 5, wherein, the speed stirred in described step (1) and step (2) is 100-300r/min.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein, the speed stirred in described step (1) and step (2) is 200r/min.
10. according to the described method of any one in claim 1 to 5, wherein, in described step (1) and step (2), the time of growing the grain is 0.5-3 hour.
11. method according to claim 10, wherein, in described step (1) and step (2), the time of growing the grain is 1 hour.
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| CN110052075A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-07-26 | 太仓塑料助剂厂有限公司 | The separation method and system of cumyl peroxide |
| CN110423891A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-08 | 重庆民丰化工有限责任公司 | A kind of vanadium slag dissolution fluid conversion process |
| CN113430384A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-24 | 安徽思凯瑞环保科技有限公司 | Method for recycling alkali liquor by evaporating, freezing and separating tungsten and vanadium from alkaline leachate |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4344924A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1982-08-17 | Canadian Patents & Development Ltd. | Solvent extraction of chromium and vanadium |
| CN101121962A (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for separating and reclaiming vanadium and chromium from solution containing vanadium and chromium |
| CN101481144A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Clean production method for preparing potassium chromate from chromic iron |
| CN101812588A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-08-25 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for decomposing vanadium slag with solution of potassium hydroxide under normal pressure |
-
2011
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4344924A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1982-08-17 | Canadian Patents & Development Ltd. | Solvent extraction of chromium and vanadium |
| CN101121962A (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for separating and reclaiming vanadium and chromium from solution containing vanadium and chromium |
| CN101481144A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Clean production method for preparing potassium chromate from chromic iron |
| CN101812588A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-08-25 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for decomposing vanadium slag with solution of potassium hydroxide under normal pressure |
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