CN102674629A - Pollution control method for urban suburb eutrophication water body - Google Patents
Pollution control method for urban suburb eutrophication water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN102674629A CN102674629A CN2012101414378A CN201210141437A CN102674629A CN 102674629 A CN102674629 A CN 102674629A CN 2012101414378 A CN2012101414378 A CN 2012101414378A CN 201210141437 A CN201210141437 A CN 201210141437A CN 102674629 A CN102674629 A CN 102674629A
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- eutrophication
- ozone
- pollution control
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- 238000011954 pollution control method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution control method for an urban suburb eutrophication water body. According to the method, the eutrophication water body is used as a life drinking water source, in addition, the original water source is used as supplementing water of the eutrophication water body, the original water plant water purification process is improved so that the eutrophication water body is used as urban drinking water after being purified, and in addition, the pollution government cost is put into practice onto a pollution discharge main body or customers in a water supply charge form of a water plant. The method has the advantages that the traditional water pollution control concept is changed, the cyclic utilization of water resources is realized through the organic coupling of the pollution discharge main body and the responsibility main body of the water pollution government, meanwhile, the water change period of the eutrophication water body can be shortened by the method, in addition, the water quality of the supplemented water is good, the concentration dilution speed of nutrients in the pollution water body is favorably accelerated, and the pollution control of the urban suburb eutrophication water body is finally realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, a kind of city eutrophication water, belong to the reparation field of the suburbs, city polluted-water.
Background technology
Body eutrophication is meant under the influence of mankind's activity; Nutritive substances such as biological required nitrogen, phosphorus get into unhurried current water bodys such as lake, river mouth, bay in a large number; Cause that algae and other planktonic organisms breed rapidly; The water body dissolved oxygen content descends, water quality deterioration, the phenomenon of fish and other biological mass mortality.Owing to the formation reason of body eutrophication is the nutritive substance of mankind's activity discharging, thus the water body in the suburbs, city as the receiving water body of mankind's activity blowdown, it is particularly serious more to be prone to eutrophication and degree.At present, body eutrophication has become one of great environmental problem of attracting attention in the whole world.
The key of the control of body eutrophication is to control the release of the external source load and the nutritive salt in the bed mud of water nutrition salt, i.e. " endogenous load ".
At present, the polluted-water technology of administering is divided according to governing measure and can be divided into chemical treatment, physical treatment and bioremediation.
Utilize chemical process to administer eutrophication water and need add chemical agent in a large number, so its cost is also comparatively expensive, the chemical agent that is added simultaneously also causes secondary pollution easily when administering, and the whole ecological environment of water body is also had certain influence.In addition, the improvement that chemical method is used for eutrophication water does not have sustainability usually, and that does not deal with problems is basic.Therefore, if do not have other suitable assist measures when adopting chemical method, just water body eutrophication problem can occur again very soon, the physics reclamation activities comprises the artificial aeration, cuts measures such as dirt, water transfer dirt removal, the training of channel.Be specially: 1, cut the dirty various source of pollution that enter water body that block; 2, mud scum is eliminated in desilting, reduces endogenous pollution; 3, water transfer dirt removal; Pollutent in elimination or the dilution water body increases water body DO and living weight rapidly; 4, the artificial aeration accelerates the organic substance decomposition, replenishes DO.
Whether the improvement technical basis of polluted-water need shift out original position with water, can be divided into dystopy reparation and original position and repair two kinds.The dystopy reparation mainly is that polluted-water is migrated out original position, returns the practice of original water body after handle in the strange land again; The original position reparation then is the mode of in water body, directly handling.
To the regulation in lake, water transfer is comparatively effective and general improvement method, changes eutrophication lake water with cleaning, the low water of nutritive element concentration, or to increase flooding quantity be the lake moisturizing, increases its water environment capacity; Through water substitution, the outflow diversion can be diluted the water body nutrient concentrations, and it is mobile to increase water body, accelerates water body circulation and exchange, thereby prevents and suppress the alga eruption sexual reproduction.
Above governing measure, technology, method can both play a role to the control of body eutrophication; Simultaneously also have some problems, the unsustainable property of (1) improvement method: with the chemical method is example, and it need use a large amount of chemical agents; Cost is higher; Be prone to produce secondary pollution, and be end treatment, it is basic to deal with problems; (2) the unsustainable property of implementing: with the physics method is example, and methods such as artificial desilting, section dirt have interim characteristics, can change along with policy changes; (3) operation conditions of sewage work is not good: because power and responsibility is clear and definite inadequately, and supervision can't accomplish absolutely that accurately comprehensively possibly there is leak in the operation of sewage work.
Summary of the invention
Shortcoming to above-mentioned prior art; The object of the present invention is to provide the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, a kind of city eutrophication water; This method is as the drinking water source with eutrophication water; Simultaneously water source, former waterworks is got into eutrophication water as the eutrophication water moisturizing, the groundwater pollution control of a kind of eutrophication water that (conventional water-purifying process comprises coagulation, deposition, filtration, sterilization) proposes on water-purifying process basis, original waterworks, this method has solved the purifying problem of eutrophication water; Accelerate the water substitution of polluted-water, realized the recycle of water resources.
The inventive method concrete operations are following:
(1) at normal temperatures, eutrophication water is imported the biological filter handle, the BOD of water inlet
5Value is less than 200mg/L, and volumetric loading is 150-300gBOD
5/ m
3D, hydraulic load are 4-10 m
3/ m
2H, be 10-30min duration of contact;
(2) water outlet entering coagulation basin carried out coagulating sedimentation after handled the biological filter, in coagulation basin, added coagulating agent and handled 10-30
min；
(3) water outlet entering tube settler carries out precipitation process behind the coagulating sedimentation, and current can adopt upflowing or flat flow, and liquid level load in tube settling district is 2.0-6.0m
3/ (m
2H), the protection of the clear water zone of tube settler highly is not less than 1.0 m, and bottom water distributing area height is not less than 1.5 m, ST 25-60min, and settling tank spoil disposal every day 1-2 time, delivery turbidity is generally below 10 degree behind the coagulating sedimentation;
(4) coagulating sedimentation water outlet entering ozone contact tank carries out ozonize; The ozone dosage is 1.5-3.0mg/L; The residual ozone amount is 0.2-0.4mg/L in the water, and duration of contact, 10-15min will adjust according to the source quality changing conditions in the actual motion management; Through turbidity under the different ozone dosages, BOD etc. the comparative analysis of index clearance, confirm rational ozone dosage; In order to guarantee the killing effect to Cryptosporidium and giardia lamblia, (C is an ozone concn to the CT value, mg/L; T is duration of contact, and min) greater than 4, ozone tail gas enters atmosphere through the ozone tail gas breaking plant of pipeline access Chi Ding after catalytically decomposed;
(5) water outlet entering activated carbon filter in ozone contact back filters;
(6) filtering back water outlet interpolation liquid chlorine carries out disinfection; The liquid chlorine dosage is 0.5-1.0mg/L; Water outlet is the tap water that meets " drinking water sanitary standard ", adopt simultaneously water source, former waterworks as eutrophication water moisturizing mend and change water in the eutrophication water and pollute control.
Among the present invention the biological filter filter bed adopt particle diameter be cobble, quartzite, granite, the particle diameter of 40-100mm be in the 2-5mm haydites of book structure one or more as filler, filter bed thickness is 1.5-2m; The backwashing period of filter bed is 48-72h, and backwash process is: intensity is 15-20 L/m
2The gas of s is 15-20L/m towards 1min → intensity
2The air water of s is 5L/m towards 3-4min → intensity
2The water 1-1.5min of s, wherein GWR is 1:1-1:2.
The coagulation basin form is a kind of in partition plate coagulation, flap coagulation, the grid coagulation among the present invention.
Coagulating agent is a kind of in the bodied ferric sulfate that dosage is the Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) of 10-20mg/L, Tai-Ace S 150 that dosage is 20-30 mg/L, dosage is 10-20 mg/L among the present invention.
Among the present invention in the tube settling district inclined tube caliber be 30-80 mm, tiltedly longly be 1-1.2 m, the inclination angle is 60 °.
Ozone contact tank is a closed pond type among the present invention, and the contact reacts system is a kind of in bubbling diffusion facilities, turbomixer, water sprayer, packing tower, the spray column, and Chi Ding establishes the ozone tail gas breaking plant.
When the bubbling diffusion facilities is micropore titanium dish gas distribution among the present invention, establishes 2-3 according to the contact tank structure and add a little, establish 2 when adding, generally add ozone successively between adding a little by the 1:1 Parallel to the flow direction; If 3 when adding, 4:3:3 or 2:1:1 Parallel to the flow direction add ozone successively in proportion between adding a little.
Consider among the present invention that active carbon material filtrate density is less, be prone to run off that activated carbon filter is a shutter filter with the back flushing ascending current; Wherein filtrate adopts the column charcoal of granularity 1.0-2.5mm or the indefinite form charcoal of employing particle diameter 1.0-1.2mm; For the microbial film that prevents to come off influences effluent quality, it is 1.0-2.5mm silica sand that active carbon layer is laid the thick particle diameter of 20cm down, and the filtering layer total thickness is 2-3m; Empty bed filtering velocity is 11-12m/h; Be 10-15min duration of contact, and the filtering layer end face depth of water is got 1.5-2.5m, and the backwashing period in filter tank is 48-72h; Backwash process is: intensity is 15-20 L/m
2The gas of s is that the air water of 1:1-1:2 is towards 3-4min → intensity 10-15L/m towards 3-4min → GWR
2S water is towards 1-1.5min.
Biological filter, coagulation basin, settling tank, ozone contact tank and activated carbon filter are more than one among the present invention.
When adopting an above activated carbon filter, be equipped with adjustable water inlet weir plate before every lattice filter tank, make the flooding velocity in every lattice filter tank consistent; The filter back washing eliminating that should note the surfactant foam dirt in service can increase the auxiliary flushing in surface facility in case of necessity.In addition; After back flushing was accomplished, water inlet water level in filter tank was bigger apart from filtering layer end face distance, and water directly impacts filtrate in order to avoid into; Distribution impacts to filtering layer; Should after back flushing is accomplished, continue to adopt backwashing water to improve the depth of water of filtering layer end face, after not influencing filtering layer stability, carry out next stage again and filter.
To algae in the eutrophication water and TN, the higher characteristics of TP content; The inventive method is on the basis of common process, to improve; Eutrophication water through biological filter, coagulating sedimentation, ozone contact, activated carbon filtration, disinfect, water outlet can reach the requirement of " drinking water sanitary standard " (GB 5749-2006).Ozone-biological activated carbon unit, ozone (O
3) have a strong oxidizing property; Can remove colourity in the water, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and stink; Can be organism chain rupture, the open loop of difficult degradation in the water; Larger molecular organics is oxidized to small organic molecule, makes that organic biodegradability and adsorbability are enhanced in the former water, and generate O behind the ozone oxidation reaction
2, for the mikrobe in the follow-up gac provides enough DO, promoted the metabolism of mikrobe, make follow-up gac increase greatly to organic clearance.The biological filter can reach about 70% ammonia-N removal rate under optimal temperature, and gac after date when moving a section can form biological activated carbon, produces biological effect, can further remove ammonia nitrogen, thereby make whole technology have good effect of removing to ammonia nitrogen.
Advantage of the present invention and technique effect:
(1) operation continues.With the cooperation of eutrophication water as drinking water source and waterworks, can guarantee eutrophication water continue draw the not in place or situation about can't move continuously of the operation of having avoided other processing mode to face.
(2) load is eliminated.Water-purifying process through the waterworks improves, and makes the water source load obtain removing.The load amount of cancellation is load poor of load and the rate of water make-up of service discharge.Because the urban population enormous amount, the water demand amount is big, so the amount of drawing of eutrophication water is considerable, again because of moisturizing water quality is good, load removal amount is considerable.
(3) exchange water cycle shortens.Make former drinking water source can be used as moisturizing as the drinking water source eutrophication water and get into eutrophication water.On the one hand, increase the inlet of excellent water quality moisturizing, thereby accelerated the nutrient concentrations in the dilution water body.On the other hand, the increase of water inlet total amount can be shortened the exchange water cycle of water body, realizes the pollution control of eutrophication water.
(4) financial payments shifts.Be that the mode that the liability for polution main body of eutrophication water is directly paid the fees through water is participated in the pollution control of polluted water body, can realize blowdown main body and responsible party's unification.
(5) supervision increases.Since directly with eutrophication water as the drinking water source; The water main body will be paid close attention to source quality and contaminated water source source (works liquor) situation; Make supervision wider more greatly; Thereby promote the improvement of source quality, finally realize the recovery of polluted water body and the circulation sustainable use of water resources.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pollution CONTROL PROCESS schematic flow sheet of eutrophication water of the present invention.
Embodiment
Through accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain below, but protection domain of the present invention is not limited to said content.
Embodiment 1:The groundwater pollution control of Dian Chi eutrophication water, particular content is following:
1, overview
(1) Dian Chi: under Dian Chi lake water normal high water level (N.H.W.L.) (1887.4m), Dian Chi water surface area 309.6km
2, gross reservoir capacity 15.6 hundred million m
3, being divided into north and south two portions in the north by artificial dykes and dams (Haigeng), the north is called the grass sea, and the south is called the off-lying sea.The long-pending 7.3km in grass sea
2(not comprising two water bodys that are separated out: east wind dam and the old fish pond of doing), account for 3.5% of Dian Chi area, water storage 2,258 ten thousand m
3, 1.5% of Dian Chi gross reservoir capacity.The grass seawer outlet is an artificial tunnel----West Garden tunnel, about 3.5 months of exchange water cycle; Outer seawer outlet is a beach lock in the Haikou, enters the mantis river, about 3 years of exchange water cycle; Water body can not freely exchange between grass sea and the off-lying sea, and an artificial gate control is arranged.
Table 1: Dian Chi water quality basic condition (in October, 2011 water quality monthly magazine data)
| Water-quality guideline | Average (mg/l) | Water quality assessment |
| Mercury | 0.00000 | Ⅰ |
| Plumbous | 0.000 | Ⅰ |
| Arsenic | 0.003 | Ⅰ |
| COD | 77.1 | ＞
 |
| BOD 5 | 4 |
 |
| TN | 2.22 | ＞
 |
| TP | 0.185 |
 |
(2) Kunming water supply situation: master city, Kunming has 12 waterworkss at present, and city day water supply designed capacity is 162.5 ten thousand steres.Actual every day, service discharge was about 83 ten thousand steres, and getting 83 ten thousand steres, to calculate annual service discharge be 3.0295 billion cubic meters.
(3) the former source quality water yield
Table 2: the main water-supply source in Kunming
By last Biao Kede, original source quality is good, and water supply capacity can satisfy the demands, and can guarantee that it gets into the diluting effect of Dian Chi to nutritive substance in the water body of Dian Chi as moisturizing.
(4) Kunming WWT: first to the 8th sewage work, Chenggong sewage work, Jinning County sewage work.The general design processing power of ten sewage works was 103.5 ten thousand stere every days.Can guarantee that municipal effluent all obtains handling, and standard of drainage execution one-level A mark enters the Dian Chi.
2, (the Dian Chi composite water quality is bad to this Dian Chi eutrophication water
Type, the water quality situation is seen table 1) groundwater pollution control, designed water Q=20 ten thousand m
3/ d, concrete operations are following:
(1) at normal temperatures, Dian Chi water is imported even haydite layer, the water outlet from the bottom, the BOD of water inlet of passing through from top, biological filter
5Value is 4mg/L, and volumetric loading is 200gBOD
5/ m
3D, hydraulic load (filtering velocity) is 4 m
3/ m
2H; Filter tank total area F=2000m
2, being divided into 4 groups, every group of filter tank area is 500 m
2, the high 4.5m in pond, residence time 30min; Wherein filtrate is haydites of book structure (particle diameter is between 2-5mm), and thickness of filter bed is got 2m; Conventional air-water backwashing is adopted in back flushing, and backwashing period is got 72h, and backwash process is: gas dashes (intensity 20 L/m
2S, time 1min) → air water dashes (GWR 1:1,20L/m
2S, time 4min) → water dashes (intensity 5L/m
2S, time 1min);
(2) water outlet entering coagulation basin carried out coagulating sedimentation after handled the biological filter, and coagulation basin is selected vertical-flow single passage flap coagulation for use, designs 2 groups, coagulation time 10min, and the depth of water is got 4m; Every group of coagulation basin section is equally divided into 2 lattice; Coagulation basin volume V=800m
3, area 200 m
2, planar dimension is 25m (pond is long) * 8m (section is wide); Divide 10 lattice with the coagulation basin Transverse to the flow direction, the coagulation flap is set, flap adopts the steel wire cement plate, 120 ° of angles, and the flap spacing is got 0.4m; Coagulating agent adopts Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC), and adds with volume pump, and dosage is 15mg/L;
(3) water outlet entering tube settler carries out precipitation process behind the coagulating sedimentation, and current are upflowing, and settling tank is established 2 groups, and every group precipitation pool surface amasss F=900m
2Tube settling district liquid level load is 5m
3/ (m
2H), the clear water zone of tube settler protection height 1.5 m, bottom water distributing area height 2.0m, ST 28min, settling tank spoil disposal every day 2 times, the inclined tube caliber is 50 mm in the tube settling district, and tiltedly length is 1 m, and the inclination angle is 60 °;
(4) coagulating sedimentation water outlet entering ozone contact tank carries out ozonize, and ozone contact tank adopts the airtight convection current way of contact, and the contact reacts system adopts the bubbling diffusion facilities, promptly adopts micropore titanium dish gas distribution.Ozone contact tank designs 2 groups, duration of contact 12min, the depth of water is got 4m, every group of ozone contact tank area 210 m
2, planar dimension is 30m (pond is long) * 7m (section is wide).Longly along the pond evenly establish 3 and add a little; Ratio Parallel to the flow direction in 4:3:3 adds ozone successively, and the ozone dosage is 1.5mg/L, and the residual ozone amount is 0.2mg/L in the water; Ozone tail gas enters atmosphere through the ozone tail gas breaking plant of pipeline access Chi Ding after catalytically decomposed; The drop of effluent adopting sharp crested weir is effluented; The CT value is 18;
(5) water outlet entering activated carbon filter in ozone contact back filters, and adopts shutter filter, and the empty bed of design filtering velocity is 11.0m/h; Gac (column charcoal: between granularity 1.0-2.5mm) bed thickness is got 2.0 m, and active carbon layer is laid the thick silica sand (between particle diameter 1.0-2.5mm) of 20cm down, and the filtering layer total thickness is 2.2m, and be 12min duration of contact; Filter tank area F=760m
2, establish 4 groups, every group of area is 190m
2, planar dimension is 19m * 10m; The filtrate upper strata depth of water is got 2.5m; Conventional air-water backwashing is adopted in back flushing, and backwashing period is 48h, and backwash process is: gas dashes (intensity 20 L/m
2S, time 4min) → air water dashes (GWR 1:1, time 3min) → water and dashes (intensity 10L/m
2S, time 1min);
(6) filtering back water outlet interpolation liquid chlorine carries out disinfection; The liquid chlorine dosage is 1.0mg/L, for the safety that guarantees liquid chlorine when sterilization with accurately adopt the chlorinating machine dispensing, and join the equipment of checking chlorine dose; Duration of contact 20min, water outlet is the tap water that meets " drinking water sanitary standard ";
(7) recycling of the precipitating sludge of the backwashing water in filter tank and settling tank effluxes.(see figure 1)
Through the enforcement of aforesaid method, eutrophication water load amount of cancellation is as shown in table 3, and exchange water cycle shortened about 1.3 years by 3 years.Can see that eutrophication water makes load eliminate as drawing of Drinking Water and exchange water cycle shortens, help the recovery of water quality, see 3,4 partial analysiss for details.
3, load and finance shift and adjust
(1) load transfer is adjusted: with off-lying sea, Dian Chi (in October, 2011) data adjust following table.
Table 3: load amount of cancellation
| The water-quality guideline project | Water source mg/L | Moisturizing mg/L | Load amount of cancellation t/a |
| COD | (bad Type) 77.1 | （
 |
18751.09 |
| BOD 5 | （
 |
（
 |
301.95 |
| TN | (bad
 |
（
 |
519.35 |
| TP | （ Type) 0.185 | （
 |
48.31 |
Can see that by table 3 draw Dian Chi water and can eliminate corresponding load as tap water and with former source water as moisturizing, the continuous decrease of endogenous load will help the progressively recovery of Dian Chi water water quality.Dian Chi water continue to draw with making said process continue to carry out, when the Dian Chi lifting capacity drops to certain value, the main effect of the self-purification function of water body performance, water body is final to recover to become the healthy water body.
(2) finance shift and adjust:
Calculate technology and increase unitary capital construction and working cost.The biological filter preconditioning technique, the capital construction and the facility investment that need to increase are about 60 yuan/(m
3.d), running cost increases by 0.01 yuan/m
3Ozone-active carbon technology total expenses is 200 yuan/(m
3.d), working cost is respectively 0.05 yuan/m
3With 0.15 yuan/m
3
Through calculating 200,000 m
3The technological transformation capital construction cost of/d scale waterworks is 5,200 ten thousand yuan, and the running cost increasing amount is 1,533 ten thousand yuan/year.Running cost is transferred on the water main body through the mode of water rate, bearing the running cost increment per capita through calculating is 15.33 yuan/year here.
4, exchange water cycle
It is 4.286 hundred million m that the Dian Chi on average goes out the lake water amount
3/ year, calculate exchange water cycle and be about 3 years.If Dian Chi water as the water source, and is replenished with original water source, promptly goes out the lake water amount and be increased to 7.3155 hundred million m
3/ year, calculate exchange water cycle and be about 1.76.
Embodiment 2:The groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, city eutrophication water, particular content is following:
1, overview
Adjust with large-and-medium size cities: population 50-100 ten thousand, water 200L/d per capita.Service discharge is 0.365-0.730 billion cubic meter/year.If rate of water make-up and water withdrawal are mutually, moisturizing water quality is divided into I, II, III class.Class that used polluted source water quality is
; Water storage is 3 billion cubic meters, and exchange water cycle is 6 years.
2, the groundwater pollution control of this eutrophication water (entry water quality IV class), design scale is 100,000 m
3/ d (satisfying 500,000 population water consumptions), concrete operations are following:
(1) at normal temperatures, eutrophication water water is imported even filter material layer, the water outlet from the bottom, the BOD of water inlet of passing through from top, biological filter
5Value is 4mg/L, and volumetric loading is 300gBOD
5/ m
3D, hydraulic load (filtering velocity) is 8m
3/ m
2H; Filter tank total area F=500m
2, being divided into 4 groups, every group of filter tank area is 125 m
2, the high 4.5m in pond, duration of contact 13min; Wherein filtrate is quartzite (between particle diameter 40-100mm), and thickness of filter bed is got 1.8m; Conventional air-water backwashing is adopted in back flushing, and backwashing period is got 48h, and backwash process is: gas dashes (intensity 15L/m
2S, time 1min) → air water dashes (GWR 1:1,18L/m
2S, time 3.5min) → water dashes (intensity 5L/m
2S, time 1min);
(2) water outlet entering coagulation basin carried out coagulating sedimentation after handled the biological filter, and coagulation basin is selected flat flow grid coagulation for use, designs 2 groups, coagulation time 20min, and the depth of water is got 3.5m; Every group of coagulation basin section is equally divided into 2 lattice, coagulation basin volume V=350m
3, area 100 m
2, planar dimension is 20m (pond is long) * 5m (section is wide); Grid makes up and adopts Steel Concrete, and the grid component layer is apart from getting 60mm, and port size is 100mm * 100mm; Coagulating agent adopts Tai-Ace S 150, and adds with volume pump, and dosage is 20mg/L;
(3) water outlet entering tube settler carries out precipitation process behind the coagulating sedimentation, and current are upflowing, and settling tank is established 2 groups, and every group precipitation pool surface amasss F=380m
2Tube settling district liquid level load is 6.0m
3/ (m
2H), the clear water zone of tube settler protection height 2.0 m, bottom water distributing area height 2.0m, ST 30min, settling tank spoil disposal every day 2 times, the inclined tube caliber is 30mm in the tube settling district, and tiltedly length is 1.1 m, and the inclination angle is 60 °;
(4) coagulating sedimentation water outlet entering ozone contact tank carries out ozonize, and ozone contact tank adopts the airtight convection current way of contact, and the contact reacts system adopts the bubbling diffusion facilities, promptly adopts micropore titanium dish gas distribution.Ozone contact tank designs 2 groups, duration of contact 10min, the depth of water is got 4m, every group of ozone contact tank area 90 m
2, planar dimension is 18m (pond is long) * 5m (section is wide); Longly along the pond evenly establish 3 and add a little; Ratio Parallel to the flow direction in 2:1:1 adds ozone successively, and the ozone dosage is 3.0mg/L, and the residual ozone amount is 0.3mg/L in the water; Ozone tail gas enters atmosphere through the ozone tail gas breaking plant of pipeline access Chi Ding after catalytically decomposed; The drop of effluent adopting sharp crested weir is effluented; The CT value is 30;
(5) water outlet entering activated carbon filter in ozone contact back filters, and adopts shutter filter, and the empty bed of design filtering velocity is 11.5m/h; Gac (column charcoal: between granularity 1.0-2.5mm) bed thickness is got 2.3 m, and active carbon layer is laid the thick silica sand (between particle diameter 1.0-2.5mm) of 20cm down, and the filtering layer total thickness is 2.5m, and be 13min duration of contact; Filter tank area F=400m
2, establish 4 groups, every group of area is 100m
2, planar dimension is 20m * 5m; The filtrate upper strata depth of water is got 2.5m; Conventional air-water backwashing is adopted in back flushing, backwashing period 72h, and backwash process: gas dashes (intensity 15 L/m
2S, time 3min) → air water dashes (GWR 1:1,10L/m
2S, time 4min) → water dashes (intensity 12L/m
2S, time 1.2min).
(6) filtering back water outlet interpolation liquid chlorine carries out disinfection; The liquid chlorine dosage is 0.5mg/L, for the safety that guarantees liquid chlorine when sterilization with accurately adopt the chlorinating machine dispensing, and join the equipment of checking chlorine dose; Duration of contact 30min, water outlet is the tap water that meets " drinking water sanitary standard ".
(7) recycling of the precipitating sludge of the backwashing water in filter tank and settling tank effluxes.
Through the enforcement of aforesaid method, eutrophication water load amount of cancellation is as shown in table 4, and exchange water cycle has shortened about 2.5 years and 3.5 years respectively on the basis in 6 years of null hypothesis.Can see that eutrophication water draws manyly more as Drinking Water, exchange water cycle is short more, helps the recovery of water quality more, sees 3,4 partial analysiss for details.
3, load and finance shift and adjust
(1) the load amount of cancellation calculates
Following table has been listed the load amount of cancellation of quality standard of water environment elementary item.
Table 4: elementary item load amount of cancellation
(2) financial transfer amount is calculated
Calculate technology and increase unitary capital construction and working cost.The biological filter preconditioning technique, the capital construction and the facility investment that need to increase are about 60 yuan/(m
3.d), running cost increases by 0.01 yuan/m
3Ozone-active carbon technology total expenses is 200 yuan/(m
3.d), working cost is respectively 0.05 yuan/m
3With 0.15 yuan/m
3
Through calculating, tap water technological transformation capital construction cost is 2,600 ten thousand yuan, and the running cost increasing amount is 766.5 ten thousand yuan/year.Running cost is transferred on the water main body through the mode of water rate, bearing the running cost increment per capita through calculating is 15.33 yuan/year here.
4, exchange water cycle
According to hypothesis, then can get average aquifer yield is 0.5 hundred million m
3/ year.If this polluted water body as the water source, and is replenished (0.365-0.730 billion cubic meter/year) with original water source, promptly aquifer yield is increased to 0.865-1.23 hundred million m
3/ year, calculating exchange water cycle is 3.47-2.44.2.53 and 3.56 have been shortened respectively.
Embodiment 3:The groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, city eutrophication water, particular content is following:
1, overview
Adjust with medium-sized city: population 500,000, water 200L/d per capita.If rate of water make-up and water withdrawal are mutually, moisturizing water quality is divided into I, II, III class.Class that used polluted source water quality is
; Water storage is 3 billion cubic meters, and exchange water cycle is 6 years.
2, the groundwater pollution control of this eutrophication water (entry water quality IV class), design scale is 100,000 m
3/ d (satisfying 500,000 population water consumptions), the concrete manipulation as follows
(1) at normal temperatures, Dian Chi water is imported even filter material layer, the water outlet from the bottom, the BOD of water inlet of passing through from top, biological filter
5Value is 4mg/L, volumetric loading 150gBOD
5/ m
3D, hydraulic load (filtering velocity) is 5 m
3/ m
2H; Filter tank total area F=1000m
2, being divided into 4 groups, every group of filter tank area is 250 m
2, the high 4.5m in pond, duration of contact 18min; Wherein filtrate is the compound that the granite of haydites of book structure (between particle diameter 2-5mm) and 40-100mm is pressed 2:1, and thickness of filter bed is got 1.5m; Conventional air-water backwashing is adopted in back flushing, and backwashing period is 60h, backwash process: gas dashes (intensity 18L/m
2S, time 1min) → air water dashes (GWR 1:2,15L/m
2S, time 3min) → water dashes (intensity 5L/m
2S, time 1.5min);
(2) water outlet entering coagulation basin carried out coagulating sedimentation after handled the biological filter, and coagulation basin is selected flat flow grid coagulation for use, designs 2 groups, coagulation time 30min, and the depth of water is got 4m; Every group of coagulation basin section is equally divided into 2 lattice, coagulation basin volume V=400m
3, area 100 m
2, planar dimension is 20m (pond is long) * 5m (section is wide); Grid makes up and adopts Steel Concrete, and the grid component layer is apart from getting 70mm, and port size is 100mm * 100mm; Coagulating agent adopts bodied ferric sulfate, and adds with volume pump, and dosage is 10mg/L;
(3) water outlet entering tube settler carries out precipitation process behind the coagulating sedimentation, and current are upflowing, and settling tank is established 2 groups, and every group precipitation pool surface amasss F=500m
2Tube settling district liquid level load is 4.5m
3/ (m
2H), the clear water zone of tube settler protection height 2.0 m, bottom water distributing area height 1.8m, ST 40min, settling tank spoil disposal every day 1 time, the inclined tube caliber is 80mm in the tube settling district, and tiltedly length is 1.2 m, and the inclination angle is 60 °;
(4) coagulating sedimentation water outlet entering ozone contact tank carries out ozonize, and ozone contact tank adopts the airtight convection current way of contact, and the contact reacts system adopts the bubbling diffusion facilities, promptly adopts micropore titanium dish gas distribution; Ozone contact tank designs 2 groups, duration of contact 15
Min, the depth of water is got 4m, every group of ozone contact tank area 90 m
2, planar dimension is 18m (pond is long) * 5m (section is wide); Longly along the pond evenly establish 2 and add a little; Ratio Parallel to the flow direction in 1:1 adds ozone successively, and the ozone dosage is 2.0mg/L, and the residual ozone amount is 0.4mg/L in the water; Ozone tail gas enters atmosphere through the ozone tail gas breaking plant of pipeline access Chi Ding after catalytically decomposed; The drop of effluent adopting sharp crested weir is effluented; The CT value is 20;
(5) water outlet entering activated carbon filter in ozone contact back filters, and adopts shutter filter, and the empty bed of design filtering velocity is 12.0m/h; Gac (indefinite form charcoal: between granularity 1.0-1.2mm) bed thickness is got 2.5 m, and active carbon layer is laid the thick silica sand (between particle diameter 1.0-2.5mm) of 20cm down, and the filtering layer total thickness is 2.7m, and be 15min duration of contact; Filter tank area F=400m
2, establish 4 groups, every group of area is 100m
2, planar dimension is 20m * 5m; The filtrate upper strata depth of water is got 2.5m; Conventional air-water backwashing is adopted in back flushing, and backwashing period is got 60h, and backwash process is: gas dashes (intensity 18 L/m
2S, time 3.5min) → air water dashes (GWR 1:1.5,10L/m
2S, time 3min) → water dashes (intensity 15L/m
2S, time 1min);
(6) filtering back water outlet interpolation liquid chlorine carries out disinfection; The liquid chlorine dosage is 0.8mg/L, for the safety that guarantees liquid chlorine when sterilization with accurately adopt the chlorinating machine dispensing, and join the equipment of checking chlorine dose; Duration of contact 25min, water outlet is the tap water that meets " drinking water sanitary standard ".
(7) recycling of the precipitating sludge of the backwashing water in filter tank and settling tank effluxes.
Through the enforcement of aforesaid method, eutrophication water load amount of cancellation is as shown in table 5, and exchange water cycle has shortened about 2.5 years on the basis in 6 years of null hypothesis.Can see that eutrophication water makes load eliminate as drawing of Drinking Water and exchange water cycle shortens, help the recovery of water quality, see 3,4 partial analysiss for details.
3, load and finance shift and adjust
(1) the load amount of cancellation calculates
Following table has been listed the load amount of cancellation of quality standard of water environment elementary item.
Table 5: elementary item load amount of cancellation
| The water-quality guideline project | Water source mg/L | Moisturizing mg/L | Water body load amount of cancellation t/a |
| COD | （
 |
（
 |
547.5 |
| BOD 5 | （
 |
（
 |
109.5 |
| TN | （
 |
（
 |
36.5 |
| TP | （
 |
（
 |
2.74 |
(2) financial transfer amount is calculated
Through calculating, tap water technological transformation capital construction cost is 2,600 ten thousand yuan, and the running cost increasing amount is 766.5 ten thousand yuan/year.Running cost is transferred on the water main body through the mode of water rate, bearing the running cost increment per capita through calculating is 15.33 yuan/year here.
4, exchange water cycle
According to hypothesis, then can get average aquifer yield is 0.5 hundred million m
3/ year.If this polluted water body as the water source, and is replenished (0.365 billion cubic meter/year) with original water source, promptly aquifer yield is increased to 0.865 hundred million m
3/ year, calculating exchange water cycle is 3.47.Exchange water cycle has shortened 2.53.
Claims (9)
1. the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, city eutrophication water is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) at normal temperatures, eutrophication water is imported the biological filter handle, the BOD of water inlet
5Value is less than 200mg/L, and volumetric loading is 150-300gBOD
5/ m
3D, hydraulic load are 4-10 m
3/ m
2H, be 10-30min duration of contact;
(2) water outlet entering coagulation basin carried out coagulating sedimentation after handled the biological filter, in coagulation basin, added coagulating agent and handled 10-30min;
(3) water outlet entering tube settler carries out precipitation process behind the coagulating sedimentation, and current can adopt upflowing or flat flow, and liquid level load in tube settling district is 2.0-6.0m
3/ (m
2H), the protection of the clear water zone of tube settler highly is not less than 1.0 m, and bottom water distributing area height is not less than 1.5 m, ST 25-60min, settling tank spoil disposal every day 1-2 time;
(4) coagulating sedimentation water outlet entering ozone contact tank carries out ozonize; The ozone dosage is 1.5-3.0mg/L; The residual ozone amount is 0.2-0.4mg/L in the water, duration of contact 10-15min, the CT value is greater than 4; Ozone tail gas enters atmosphere through the ozone tail gas breaking plant of pipeline access Chi Ding after catalytically decomposed;
(5) water outlet entering activated carbon filter in ozone contact back filters;
(6) filtering back water outlet interpolation liquid chlorine carries out disinfection; The liquid chlorine dosage is 0.5-1.0mg/L; Water outlet is the tap water that meets " drinking water sanitary standard ", adopt simultaneously water source, former waterworks as eutrophication water moisturizing mend and change water in the eutrophication water and pollute control.
2. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 1 eutrophication water; It is characterized in that: the biological filter filter bed adopt particle diameter be cobble, quartzite, granite, the particle diameter of 40-100mm be in the 2-5mm haydites of book structure one or more as filler, filter bed thickness is 1.5-2m; The backwashing period of filter bed is 48-72h, and backwash process is: intensity is 15-20 L/m
2The gas of s is 15-20L/m towards 1min → intensity
2The air water of s is 5L/m towards 3-4min → intensity
2The water 1-1.5min of s, wherein GWR is 1:1-1:2.
3. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 1 eutrophication water, it is characterized in that: the coagulation basin form is a kind of in partition plate coagulation, flap coagulation, the grid coagulation.
4. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 1 eutrophication water, it is characterized in that: coagulating agent is a kind of in the bodied ferric sulfate that dosage is the Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) of 10-20mg/L, Tai-Ace S 150 that dosage is 20-30 mg/L, dosage is 10-20 mg/L.
5. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 1 eutrophication water, it is characterized in that: the inclined tube caliber is 30-80 mm in the tube settling district, and tiltedly long is 1-1.2 m, and the inclination angle is 60 °.
6. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 1 eutrophication water; It is characterized in that: ozone contact tank is a closed pond type; The contact reacts system is a kind of in bubbling diffusion facilities, turbomixer, water sprayer, packing tower, the spray column, and Chi Ding establishes the ozone tail gas breaking plant.
7. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 6 eutrophication water; It is characterized in that: when the bubbling diffusion facilities is micropore titanium dish gas distribution; Establish 2-3 according to the contact tank structure and add a little, establish 2 when adding, generally add ozone successively between adding a little by the 1:1 Parallel to the flow direction; If 3 when adding, 4:3:3 or 2:1:1 Parallel to the flow direction add ozone successively in proportion between adding a little.
8. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 1 eutrophication water; It is characterized in that: activated carbon filter is a shutter filter; Wherein filtrate adopts the column charcoal of granularity 1.0-2.5mm or the indefinite form charcoal of employing particle diameter 1.0-1.2mm; It is 1.0-2.5mm silica sand that active carbon layer is laid the thick particle diameter of 20cm down, and the filtering layer total thickness is 2-3m, and empty bed filtering velocity is 11-12
M/h, be 10-15min duration of contact, and the filtering layer end face depth of water is got 1.5-2.5m, and the backwashing period in filter tank is 48-72h; Backwash process is: intensity is 15-20 L/m
2The gas of s is that the air water of 1:1-1:2 is towards 3-4min → intensity 10-15L/m towards 3-4min → GWR
2S water is towards 1-1.5min.
9. according to the groundwater pollution control of the suburbs, the said city of claim 1 eutrophication water, it is characterized in that: biological filter, coagulation basin, settling tank, ozone contact tank and activated carbon filter are more than one.
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| CN102923913A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-02-13 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Combined treatment method of oil-refining wastewater containing naphthenic acid |
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| CN104609676A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device for quickly improving water quality of urban water body |
| CN105060562A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 山东省环科院环境工程有限公司 | Deep treatment method of tannery wastewater |
| CN105084601A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-25 | 青岛海之源智能技术有限公司 | River water pretreatment device |
| CN105084601B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-01 | 内乡县水利局 | River pretreatment unit |
| CN105565541A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-05-11 | 深圳市环境科学研究院 | Integrated process and equipment for eutrophic water body control |
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| CN106277605A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | A kind of method for high-efficiency combined treatment for high NH4 source water |
| CN106986477A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-28 | 河南城建学院 | Small-sized integrated purifier |
| CN110407399A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-11-05 | 南京南化建设有限公司 | A kind of shallow-layer rich water processing method |
| CN114113530A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-01 | 大连理工大学 | Lake eutrophication monitoring method based on remote sensing |
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