A kind of production method of copper-steel composite plate material
Technical field
The present invention relates to the compound production method of a kind of bimetallic, relate in particular to a kind of production method of copper-steel composite plate material.
Background technology
Metal material, as the chief component of material, plays a leading role in producing and applying.Yet the progress of science and technology is more and more higher to the requirement of metal material performance, single metal material cannot meet these needs.And, in production practices, for meeting the needs of manufacturing special engineering structural behaviour, must use very expensive non-ferrous metal and other Rare Metals Materials.In order to make metal material give play to greatest extent the performance that it has, one of its method is combined the different material of performance to be made composite exactly.
Copper/steel composite material not only has the special performance of copper, but also has intensity and the mechanical performance of steel, thereby obtains anticorrosion, resistance to wears, the good combination property such as electrical and thermal conductivity is good, attractive in appearance, cost is low.It makes part have longer service life, than single copper product, has higher intensity, hardness, not yielding, has improved bearing capacity.With copper/steel composite material, replace copper metal, be applied to production practices, can save a large amount of copper resources, obtain significant economic benefit.
In prior art, conventionally adopt hot rolling and cold rolling composite algorithm to prepare copper-steel composite material.
Hot rolling composite algorithm is that the metal stock by compound is rolled to distortion under HTHP, is heated and the acting in conjunction of power and a kind of process of making different metal carry out combination, has that technique is simple, production efficiency advantages of higher.The compound a kind of conventional complex method as solid phase combination of hot rolling, its technical process generally comprises 3 steps: first carry out the cleaning of mating surface, comprise deoil, deoxidation film.Make to treat that faying face keeps clean; Then carry out just combination, by high temperature rolling, make constituent element metal that common plastic deformation occurs, thereby make the contact surface of two constituent element metals reach the distance that atom is asked, and then form effective binding site, now between bimetallic, can form mechanical bond; Finally carry out diffusion heat treatments, be called again thermal sintering, in this process by the firmly metallurgical binding that diffuses to form of atom.The advantage of hot rolling composite algorithm is less demanding to milling train, easily obtains opening greatly composite plate, and shortcoming is complex process, and the thickness of product and bed thickness are relatively difficult to control.
Be the production technology of main process cold rolling compound comprising " a cold rolling compound diffusion annealing under surface treatment one normal temperature ".Compare with hot rolling composite algorithm, the first pass deformation of cold rolling compound tense is larger, generally will reach 60-70%, even higher, but cold rolling composite algorithm can realize the combination of multiple constituent element, and can produce coiled composite, size is accurate, and efficiency is high, is therefore one of current most widely used method.Although cold rolling composite algorithm as far back as the fifties for industrial production, but when the production for copper/steel composite material, do not obtain desirable effect, its reason is that matrix and the oxide of copper and alloy thereof all has good plasticity, cold rolling compound tense, though reaching 70% its surface through brushing and first pass deformation, blank there is not breach yet, result is that blank is squeezed into breach and the steel compound (further increasing the restriction that first pass deformation is subject to again mill capacity) of steel with thin oxide-film with initial surface, therefore in conjunction with very fragile, bond strength is low and unstable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency for copper-steel composite plate material production method in prior art, a kind of production method of improved copper-steel composite plate material is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that a kind of production method of copper-steel composite plate material, has adopted following steps:
1) removing surface
The steel plate that the thickness of choosing applicable working (finishing) area is 2-2.5mm, the copper coin that thickness is 1-1.5mm, steel plate, copper coin are carried out to removing surface, with 5-10%NaOH aqueous solution, at 80 ℃, soak 20min, use again the about 10min of 10%HCl solution acid pickling, the oxide skin on last wire brushing surface to be composite, wire brush first carries out alkali cleaning before use;
2) texturing is processed
Use sander to the metal surface of longitudinally polishing, above-mentioned surface of processing through step 1), use the abrasive band that model is P100 to polish to steel plate face to be composite, use the abrasive band that model is P80 to polish to copper coin face to be composite, making steel surface roughness is 75 ~ 95 μ m, and roughened copper surface degree is 85 ~ 105 μ m;
3) spraying binder course
By immersion plating or spraying method, through step 2) plate respectively one deck alloy layer on the described steel plate of processing, the surface to be composite of copper coin, the thickness of described coating is 4 ~ 8 μ m, and in described alloy layer, contains following component:
The Zr of 6 ~ 8 weight portions, the Zn of 25 ~ 50 weight portions,
The Al of 5 ~ 30 weight portions, the Fe of 10 ~ 40 weight portions,
The Si of 0.5 ~ 1 weight portion, the Mo of 0.4 ~ 0.8 weight portion
4) rolling
By in the relative situation of the combination aspect of steel plate, copper coin, under hydrogen and inert gas hybrid protection gas, be heated to 460 ~ 500 ℃, wherein the volume content of hydrogen is 0.8 ~ 2%, then be incubated 5 ~ 7 minutes, the situation that is 10 ~ 15% at drafts is by two roll continuous rollings, and mill speed is selected in 5~15mm/s;
5) annealing
Clad steel plate after rolling is carried out to annealing in process, and annealing temperature is 560 ~ 580 ℃, and temperature retention time is about 1.8 ~ 2 hours;
6) clad steel plate is carried out to smooth, polishing.
For 1) removing surface process steps, pickling can be removed the oxide layer of metal surface, and alkali cleaning can be removed the grease of metal surface, in addition, wire brush can be cleared up remaining oxide skin, first carries out before use alkali cleaning, further to remove, adds subsidiary grease in man-hour.
For 2) texturing processing procedure, the face to be composite of steel plate and copper coin is carried out to texturing processing, suitable roughness is conducive to the diffusion recombination process of complex metal layer in following process.In addition, the abrasive band that granularity is large is used for steel plate, and the abrasive band that granularity is less is used for copper coin.
For 3) spraying binder course step, in binder course, contain a large amount of Zn, because the direct associativity of copper and iron is poor, and Zn and copper, steel have respectively good associativity, therefore the binder course that contains a large amount of Zn in setting, in the operation of rolling, Zn spreads and effective combination of promotion steel plate and copper coin in copper coin, steel plate.
And Zr element, in copper steel alloy, exists with copper zirconium disperse compound form.The copper zirconium compounds of disperse forms dispersion-strengtherning in copper-steel composite plate material, and copper zirconium is high melting compound, when annealing, hinder the Recovery and recrystallization process of copper matrix, thereby reduce consequent softening, so adding of Zr element makes steel plate copper coin in conjunction with more firmly effective, improve anti-softening temperature and the tensile strength of composite, improved the heat endurance of alloy.
In addition, in binder course, add appropriate Si and Mo, can improve the anti-oxidant and stability of binder course.
For 4) rolling step, the present invention is through experiment, and mill speed is selected within the scope of 5~15mm/s, and the interfacial combined function of composite board is the highest.
For 5) annealing steps, temperature has decisive role to diffusion rate.Under normal temperature, metal diffusion is very slow, but (generally at fusing point more than 1/2) metal diffusion is very fast in high-temperature region.When metallic composite is heat-treated, to consider the different diffusion temperatures of two kinds of metals simultaneously, make thermal effectiveness reach optimum state.Heat treatment optimum temperature is to take the theoretical annealing temperature of two kinds of metals as determining according to adding experiment again.Except selecting suitable heat treatment temperature, temperature retention time is also very crucial.Temperature retention time mainly comes to determine by experiment, and temperature retention time is directly related with thickness of diffusion layer, but the two not proportional relation.The present invention, by great many of experiments, finds that optimum annealing temperature is 560 ~ 580 ℃, and best temperature retention time is about 1.8 ~ 2 hours;
6) clad steel plate is carried out to smooth, polishing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, the binder course owing to containing said ratio on adopting, makes the direct associativity of steel plate and copper coin good; In addition, combined temp is lower, and rolling drafts is less, saves job costs; The complex copper Steel material that adopts the inventive method to make has high strength, high-plasticity and good stress corrosion resistance.
The specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following cited specific embodiment, also comprises any combination between each specific embodiment.
embodiment 1
1) removing surface
The steel plate that the thickness of choosing applicable working (finishing) area is 2-2.5mm, the copper coin that thickness is 1-1.5mm, steel plate, copper coin are carried out to removing surface, with the 5%NaOH aqueous solution, at 80 ℃, soak 20min, use again the about 10min of 10%HCl solution acid pickling, the oxide skin on last wire brushing surface to be composite, wire brush first carries out alkali cleaning before use;
2) texturing is processed
Use sander to the metal surface of longitudinally polishing, above-mentioned surface of processing through step 1), use the abrasive band that model is P100 to polish to steel plate face to be composite, use the abrasive band that model is P80 to polish to copper coin face to be composite, making steel surface roughness is 75 μ m, and roughened copper surface degree is 85 μ m;
3) spraying binder course
By immersion plating or spraying method, through step 2) plate respectively the alloy layer of 400 ℃ of one decks on the described steel plate of processing, the surface to be composite of copper coin, the thickness of described coating is 4 μ m, and in described alloy layer, contains following component:
The Zr of 6 weight portions, the Zn of 25 weight portions,
The Al of 5 weight portions, the Fe of 10 weight portions,
The Si of 0.5 weight portion, the Mo of 0.4 weight portion,
4) rolling
By in the relative situation of the combination aspect of steel plate, copper coin, under hydrogen and inert gas hybrid protection gas, be heated to 460 ℃, wherein the volume content of hydrogen is 0.8%, is then incubated 5 minutes, the situation that is 10% at drafts is by two roll continuous rollings, and mill speed is selected in 5mm/s;
5) annealing
Clad steel plate after rolling is carried out to annealing in process, and annealing temperature is 560 ℃, and temperature retention time is about 1.8 hours;
6) clad steel plate is carried out to smooth, polishing.
On the accurate universal testing machine of Japanese Shimadzu AG-I250K, carry out the tension test of sample, the tensile strength of material is measured, the tensile strength of the above-mentioned copper-steel composite plate material making reaches 95 Mpa.
embodiment 2
1) removing surface
The steel plate that the thickness of choosing applicable working (finishing) area is 2-2.5mm, the copper coin that thickness is 1-1.5mm, steel plate, copper coin are carried out to removing surface, with the 8%NaOH aqueous solution, at 80 ℃, soak 20min, use again the about 10min of 10%HCl solution acid pickling, the oxide skin on last wire brushing surface to be composite, wire brush first carries out alkali cleaning before use;
2) texturing is processed
Use sander to the metal surface of longitudinally polishing, above-mentioned surface of processing through step 1), use the abrasive band that model is P100 to polish to steel plate face to be composite, use the abrasive band that model is P80 to polish to copper coin face to be composite, making steel surface roughness is 85 μ m, and roughened copper surface degree is 95 μ m;
3) spraying binder course
By immersion plating or spraying method, through step 2) plate respectively one deck alloy layer on the described steel plate of processing, the surface to be composite of copper coin, the thickness of described coating is 6 μ m, and in described alloy layer, contains following component:
The Zr of 7 weight portions, the Zn of 45 weight portions,
The Al of 10 weight portions, the Fe of 20 weight portions,
The Si of 0.8 weight portion, the Mo of 0.6 weight portion
4) rolling
By in the relative situation of the combination aspect of steel plate, copper coin, under hydrogen and inert gas hybrid protection gas, be heated to 480 ℃, wherein the volume content of hydrogen is 1%, then be incubated 6 minutes, the situation that is 12% at drafts is passed through two roll continuous rollings,, mill speed is selected in 10mm/s;
5) annealing
Clad steel plate after rolling is carried out to annealing in process, and annealing temperature is 570 ℃, and temperature retention time is about 2 hours;
6) clad steel plate is carried out to smooth, polishing.
On the accurate universal testing machine of Japanese Shimadzu AG-I250K, carry out the tension test of sample, the tensile strength of material is measured, the tensile strength of the above-mentioned copper-steel composite plate material making reaches 98 Mpa.
embodiment 3
1) removing surface
The steel plate that the thickness of choosing applicable working (finishing) area is 2-2.5mm, the copper coin that thickness is 1-1.5mm, steel plate, copper coin are carried out to removing surface, with the 10%NaOH aqueous solution, at 80 ℃, soak 20min, use again the about 10min of 10%HCl solution acid pickling, the oxide skin on last wire brushing surface to be composite, wire brush first carries out alkali cleaning before use;
2) texturing is processed
Use sander to the metal surface of longitudinally polishing, above-mentioned surface of processing through step 1), use the abrasive band that model is P100 to polish to steel plate face to be composite, use the abrasive band that model is P80 to polish to copper coin face to be composite, making steel surface roughness is 95 μ m, and roughened copper surface degree is 105 μ m;
3) spraying binder course
By immersion plating or spraying method, through step 2) plate respectively the alloy layer of 400 ℃ of one decks on the described steel plate of processing, the surface to be composite of copper coin, the thickness of described coating is 4 ~ 8 μ m, and in described alloy layer, contains following component:
The Zr of 8 weight portions, the Zn of 50 weight portions,
The Al of 30 weight portions, the Fe of 40 weight portions,
The Si of 1 weight portion, the Mo of 0.8 weight portion,
4) rolling
By in the relative situation of the combination aspect of steel plate, copper coin, under hydrogen and inert gas hybrid protection gas, be heated to 500 ℃, wherein the volume content of hydrogen is 2%, is then incubated 7 minutes, the situation that is 15% at drafts is by two roll continuous rollings, and mill speed is selected in 15mm/s;
5) annealing
Clad steel plate after rolling is carried out to annealing in process, and annealing temperature is 580 ℃, and temperature retention time is about 2 hours;
6) clad steel plate is carried out to smooth, polishing.
On the accurate universal testing machine of Japanese Shimadzu AG-I250K, carry out the tension test of sample, the tensile strength of material is measured, the tensile strength of the above-mentioned copper-steel composite plate material making reaches 96 Mpa.