CN102671506A - Method for cooperatively controlling multiple pollutants of flue gas by using charge adsorbent strengthened electric bag device - Google Patents

Method for cooperatively controlling multiple pollutants of flue gas by using charge adsorbent strengthened electric bag device Download PDF

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CN102671506A
CN102671506A CN201210145438XA CN201210145438A CN102671506A CN 102671506 A CN102671506 A CN 102671506A CN 201210145438X A CN201210145438X A CN 201210145438XA CN 201210145438 A CN201210145438 A CN 201210145438A CN 102671506 A CN102671506 A CN 102671506A
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adsorbent
flue gas
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CN102671506B (en
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晏乃强
瞿赞
谢江坤
张文琪
胡林刚
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cooperatively controlling multiple pollutants of a flue gas by using a charge adsorbent strengthened electric bag device. The method comprises the steps of: pre-charging (positive charges) a mercury-removing adsorbent through an outer charge spray gun and spraying the mercury-removing adsorbent to an electric bag combined region of the electric bag compound device through an insulating conveying pipe; capturing and collecting fine particles, heavy metals (mercury and the like), congealable substances (SO3 and the like) and the like to the adsorbent to form big particles which are good for a filtering bag to capture and collect by utilizing Coulomb coagulation function caused by mutual attraction between adsorbent particles with positive charges and fine particles which are charged with negative charges while passing an electric region, but are not captured and collected; and finally, capturing and collecting the coagulated big particles by utilizing a bag-type dust collector to realize the purpose of cooperatively removing fine particles, heavy metals and congealable substance in the flue gas. Compared with the prior art, the method for cooperatively controlling multiple pollutants of the flue gas by using the charge adsorbent strengthened electric bag device, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and the like.

Description

Charged adsorbent is strengthened the cooperative control method of electric bagging apparatus to flue gas multiple pollutant
Technical field
The invention belongs to the emission control technique of coal-fired flue-gas fine particle, heavy metal and the condensable property material of field of environment protection, especially relate to a kind of charged adsorbent and strengthen the method for electric bagging apparatus the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant.
Background technology
PM 2.5Pollution problem caused the society show great attention to.As global PM 2.5One of the highest area, China in " ambient air quality " revised recently clearly with PM 2.5Pollution is as the monitoring and evaluation object.Therefore, PM 2.5To become the main task of several years Air Pollution Control from now on, its technical research and application will become one of the most important work in atmosphere environmental protection field.And fire coal and Industrial Stoves flue gas are to cause PM 2.5Main cause Deng the fine particle discharging; And this type is via not only containing the particle (being called the filtrability particle) that is solid-state under the hot flue gas in the flue gas that high temperature produced; Under hot flue gas, be gaseous state but also contain part; Be solid-state or liquid particle under environment temperature or the moisture condition but be cooled to, this type material is a condensable property material.Belong to comprising of condensable property material in the flue gas: components such as volatility inorganic matter (like the halide of element), high boiling organic matter (like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and trace type tar component), sulfur trioxide and part volatile heavy metal.Wherein, because the generally use of SCR denitrification apparatus causes S0 in the flue gas 3Concentration increases, and very fast moisture absorption was converted into fine particle after it got into atmosphere.For the many operations (generally being higher than 100 ℃) under hot flue gas situation of the dust arrester of routine, can be by effective removal be the bigger filtrability particle of particle.
Simultaneously, China is one of the most serious country of heavy metal pollution, and the wherein coal-fired mercury emissions problem that is caused is particularly outstanding.Along with the aggravation of pollution condition and the signature soon of international control mercury pact, fire coal boiler fume is carried out mercury emissions control become domestic and international common recognition.China has formally issued " heavy metal pollution integrated control " 12 " planning " and " thermal power plant's atmosphere pollutants emission standards " at present, and emission control has proposed strict requirement to mercury pollution.And fine particle or condensable property particle are the principal modes of heavy metals emission in the flue gas.Therefore, control coal-fired fine particle and condensable property particle and have uniformity and concertedness with the discharging of controlling heavy metal contaminants.
At present mainly adopt electrostatic precipitator and sack cleaner two kind equipments for the removal of particle in the coal-fired flue-gas.Electrostatic precipitator is better to the bigger flue dust removal effect of particle, but not ideal enough to the removal efficient of fine particle, is difficult to satisfy the technical need of the efficient control of fine particle; The efficiency of dust collection of bag-type dusting is higher, and fine particle is had removal effect preferably, but because dust concentration is higher, causes the bag-type dusting deashing frequent, reduces the service life of filter bag, and has increased the management difficulty of stable operation.And electricity bag composite dedusting device (the dedusting combination of electric back pkt. before promptly adopting), solved preferably electric cleaner or sack cleaner use separately existing questions (utility model patent, 200420040846.X).But existing electricity bag composite dedusting device is still not high enough to the removal efficient of fine particle, is difficult to satisfy PM 2.5The technical need of efficient control, not good to the removal effect of heavy metal Hg in the flue gas (existing) and condensable particle simultaneously with fine particle or gaseous form.In addition, because the electricity district of electricity bag composite dedusting and bag district structurally can separate, and most of flue dust can be removed in the electricity district, thereby can be the collaborative removal of using adsorbent to carry out multi-pollutant in the bag district advantage is provided.
At present,, can adopt the method for electric coalescence to promote the fine grained in the flue gas to reunite with becoming bigger particle, remove efficient thereby help improving fine particle for strengthening the removal efficient of fine particle.Research is arranged for improving the arresting efficiency of electric cleaner, before electric cleaner or set up charged and coalescence electric field region (number of patent application between two adjacent electric fields to fine particle; 200410066936.0), but this method can significantly increase the equipment investment of electric cleaner and take up an area of the space.The design feature of researching and proposing at electricity bag composite dedusting device is arranged recently; Strengthen electric field through between electricity, bag district, setting up charged coalescence, and in this electric field, spray into certain adsorbent and improve removal efficient (number of patent application: 201110257729.3) fine particle.This invention can promote fine grain removal to a certain extent, and the use of adsorbent also has certain effect to the removal of mercury.But the electricity bag set composite to general increases the physical dimension that a coalescence electric field can obviously increase dust arrester again between Qi Dian district and bag district.In addition, use a just high electric field separately, can not obtain coalescence effect preferably.In addition, because the coalescence district arranges a large amount of electrodes, adsorbent sprays to this district that difficulty is evenly distributed, and sprays the adsorbent of coming in and can be captured by the coalescence electrode very soon, makes it not high at demercuration and utilization rate of capturing aspect the fine particle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to provide the charged adsorbent that a kind of efficient is high, cost is low to strengthen electric bagging apparatus carries out Collaborative Control to flue gas multiple pollutant method for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence.
The object of the invention can be realized through following technical scheme: a kind of charged adsorbent is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant, it is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) through external electrical field and spray gun adsorbent is carried out chargedly in advance, makes adsorbent positively charged, and through the insulating properties playpipe that links to each other with spray gun with the adsorbent high velocity jet of positively charged in the flue gas of electricity-bag set composite land; The straying quatity of adsorbent in flue gas is at 5-1000mg/m 3In the scope;
(2) spray into adsorbent positively charged in the flue gas because the same sex is repelled each other, thus disperse very soon between the absorbent particles, and fully mix with flue gas;
(3) electronegative fine particle effect in positively charged adsorbent and the flue gas; The particle that the coalescence effect forms greater particle size takes place through the Coulomb force; Part heavy metal in the flue gas and part condensable property material are captured simultaneously by means of the absorption property of adsorbent and charged activation, and through inducing condensable property material to the adsorbent surface deposition and it is separated from flue gas.
(4) big size particles thing by under the filter bag interception capture, continues that at the surperficial positively charged adsorbent of filter bag fine particle is carried out electricity and coagulates, and remove heavy metal and condensable property material through sack cleaner the time;
(5) adsorbent after collecting through sack cleaner and flying dust carry out recycle through after separating and handling.
Described adsorbent is carbon back, non-carbon back porosu solid adsorbent or its mixture, and the particle diameter of adsorbent is at the 5-200 mu m range, and specific area is greater than 2.0m 2/ g; Described heavy metal contaminants is a kind of or its mixing in the elements such as mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, is particulate form or gaseous state in flue gas; Described condensable property material comprises a type or its mixture in the components such as volatility inorganic matter, high boiling organic matter, sulfur trioxide and part volatile heavy metal;
Described sorbent-loaded is processed magnetic material on the magnetic material surface, mixes use with magnesia powder when perhaps using, to improve the capture effect to sulfur trioxide.
Described external electrical field and spray gun are made up of the continuous supply unit of high voltage source, corona charging spray gun and the encapsulation adsorbent of positive polarity; Adsorbent after charged evenly is ejected in the flue gas by the insulation playpipe that is arranged in back, electricity district.
The voltage range of described high voltage source is between 20-100kV; The continuous supply unit of described encapsulation adsorbent is the insulation jet pipe, and material of this insulation jet pipe be heat-resisting macromolecular material and the composite thereof to 250 ℃ of ceramic, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or other.
The temperature range of described flue gas is 100-250 ℃.
Described electricity-bag set composite land is the binding site between electrostatic precipitator and the sack cleaner.
The efficient cyclone separator is adopted in described separation of step (5) and processing, utilizes adsorbent different with the inertia of fine particle, separates; When adsorbent has magnetic, carry out separating treatment through Magnet Separater.
Be injected to the adsorbent band charged in the flue gas; It mainly contains following effect: 1) adsorbent charged after; All have like charges; Can avoid adsorbent to reunite each other like this, help improving decentralization and the effective utilization ratio of adsorbent in flue gas at course of injection and the adsorbent self in flue gas; 2) because the fine particle in downstream, electricity district has certain negative electrical charge; After the adsorbent that has positive charge sprays into; Because the electrostatic force between the charges of different polarity will help electronegative fine particle coalescence on the absorbent particles of positively charged, thereby make fine particle obtain capturing; 3) because the heavy metal in the flue gas; Like the ectonuclear electron number of nonvalent mercury than horn of plenty; Be negative electricity characteristic to a certain extent; When having positive charge on the adsorbent, nonvalent mercury is more conducive to absorption having on the adsorbent of positive charge, and absorption back can make mercury comparatively stably be fixed on the adsorbent because of electronics shifts.In addition, after the adsorbent that has positive electricity is collected by the pocket type dedusting, with the electric weight negative electrical charge on other flying dust that can neutralize, reduce the repulsion of filter course to electronegative fine particle, help its coalescence and capture.
Under certain condition, adsorbent also can be with the little amount of N O in the flue gas 2Remove, not only play certain denitration, can reduce NO simultaneously 2Illeffects to filtrate.
The related key reaction of said process is following:
Sorb+A +→ Sorb (+) (adsorbent is charged)
PM (-)+Sorb (+) → Sorb-PM (fine particle captures, different in nature electric coalescence)
Hg 0+ Sorb (+) → Sorb-Hg +(absorption of nonvalent mercury, charge reinforced)
Sorb+SO 3→ Sorb-SO 4(SO 3Dry type capture)
The adsorbent that the present invention uses is injected in the flue of the binding site between electrostatic precipitator and the sack cleaner through spray gun through outside positive high voltage electric-field charge then, and the straying quatity of adsorbent is at 5-1000mg/m 3In the scope.
The adsorbent that the present invention uses adsorbs fine particle, heavy metal and condensable property material in flue after, form big size particles thing, be captured down during the filter bag through sack cleaner at last.Utilize efficient cyclone separator that the adsorbent that has fine particle is carried out the high speed rotation processing, fine particle is separated from adsorbent, utilize the centrifugation of cyclone separator simultaneously, adsorbent is separated with fine particle, make the adsorbent reusable edible.If adsorbent is when having magnetic, can handle by magnetic separation separation etc. and reclaim, more again through charged spray in the flue gas recycling.
Compared with prior art (particularly compare with patent 201110257729.3), the present invention has following advantages:
1, to adopt external electrical field and spray gun that adsorbent is carried out charged in the present invention, avoided between electricity district and bag district, establishing charged in addition and the coalescence electric field, and the physical dimension of not obvious increase electricity bag set composite is reduced investment outlay;
2, the positively charged adsorbent that is sprayed because the same sex is repelled each other, so can very well be dispersed in the flue gas, has improved the mixability of adsorbent and flue gas spraying and getting in the process of electricity bag joint portion;
3, the adsorbent of the present invention's use is owing to have positive charge; So can capture the fine grained that has negative electrical charge through electrostatic precipitator; The coalescence reaction that repels each other through the opposite sex between adsorbent and the fine grained forms the bulky grain that is prone to by the capture of pocket type deduster, thereby has improved electric bag dust collector to PM 2.5Arresting efficiency;
4, the adsorbent of the present invention's use so the heavy metal in the flue gas is had absorption property preferably, passes through PM owing to have positive charge simultaneously 2.5Absorption to heavy metal in the flue gas can reach good removing heavy metals effect;
5, to the collected adsorbent of using of filter bag, can use efficient cyclone to separate fine particle is separated with adsorbent, realize its recycle; When adsorbent has magnetic, can recycle adsorbent through the method for magnetic separation, operating cost is low.
6, the present invention also is applicable to the collaborative emission control of flue gas fine particle, mercury and the condensable property material of industries such as incinerator, cement kiln, metal smelt, useless mercury recovery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that charged adsorbent is strengthened electricity bag set composite sketch map.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1; At first the adsorbent for preparing is placed in the absorbent container 1; Utilize compressed air 2 that adsorbent is sent in the spray gun 3; Utilize high voltage source 4 that adsorbent is charged, utilize spray gun 3 that positively charged adsorbent insulating properties playpipe 5 is sprayed into the electricity-bag land 7 between electricity district 6 (electrostatic precipitator districts) and bag district 8 (the sack cleaner districts) then.Through electricity district's electronegative dust, heavy metal and effect of condensable property material generation coalescence, form big size particles thing in positively charged adsorbent and the flue gas.The large-size particles thing is along with flue gas was captured by filter bag through the bag district in 8 o'clock.Cleaning flue gases is discharged from outlet through bag district, and after the large-size particles thing that is captured comes off from filter bag, reclaims through adsorbent and reloads recycle in the absorbent container 1 after separator 9 is handled the back.
Utilize the laboratory pilot-plant, structure is as shown in Figure 1.The electricity district specific collection area of the electricity bag set composite that uses is about 0.8m 2, dust collector pole spacing 180mm.The filtration effective area in bag district is about 2.1m 2(three diameter is the filter bag of 150mm, length 1600mm).The about 0.1m of the useful space of land between the electricity bag 3Use the discharge electrode structure of spray gun to be the single needle shape, supply voltage 0-80kV, charged electric current are the 0-80 microampere, and the sorbent injection amount is 0-1kg/h (adjustable continuously).Utilize the polyfluortetraethylene pipe of diameter 10mm that the adsorbent that spray gun sprayed is imported electricity-bag land.
The processing coal-fired flue-gas is 200m 3/ h, 140 ℃ of temperature, initial dust content is 2600mg/m 3, total mercury content is about 22 μ g/m 3Utilize big flow cutting sampling method to total dust content and PM in the flue gas 2.5Fine particle concentration is analyzed.When the voltage in adjusting electric precipitation district is 45kV, do not open charged injection apparatus.Find that through monitoring after flue gas was distinguished through electricity, dust concentration dropped to 310mg/m 3About.After filtering through the bag district, the outlet dust concentration is about 23mg/m again 3, PM wherein 2.5Fine particle accounts for 75% of total dust concentration.The result shows that the dedusting gross efficiency of electricity bag composite dedusting device can reach more than 99%, but for PM in the residual dust 2.5Absolute concentration of emission higher, removal effect is still undesirable.Simultaneously, to the test shows of mercury, reduce to 9 μ g/m through total mercury concentration in the flue gas behind the electricity bag 3About, removal effect also has much room for improvement.Through in the import flue gas, adding a small amount of SO of 20ppm 3Gas after the dedusting of electricity bag, has 40% from flue gas, to be removed approximately.
Utilize synthetic voluntarily ferrotitanium type adsorbent (particle diameter 20-40 μ m, specific area>30m 2/ g), open the sorbent injection device, the working voltage 60kV of charged spray gun, electric current 40 μ A when the adsorbent straying quatity is 30g/h, carry out the parallel testing with above-mentioned experiment.The result shows that behind electricity bag set composite, the outlet dust concentration is reduced to 12mg/m 3About, PM wherein 2.5Fine particle accounts for about 60% of the total dust concentration of outlet.Thus it is clear that, can obviously improve the trapping ability of electricity bag set composite behind the adding adsorbent to fine particle.In addition, the concentration of total mercury can be reduced to 3 μ g/m in the flue gas 3Below, demonstrated removal of mercury effect preferably.To SO 3Removal efficient then be increased to about 70%.
Embodiment 2
Device and method is identical with instance 1, and just when being injected in ferrotitanium type adsorbent, adding particle diameter in 30% ratio again is the magnesium oxide powder of 40-60 μ m.The result shows that after adsorbent was sneaked into magnesia, the concentration of flue dust can be reduced to 10mg/m in the outlet flue gas 3About, the clearance of mercury remains unchanged basically, but SO 3Removal efficient can be increased to about 92%.Thus it is clear that, adsorbent and magnesian the mixing are used the removal efficient that can significantly improve each item pollutant.
Embodiment 3
Device and method is identical with instance 1,2, and emphasis experimentizes to the recovery and the separation of adsorbent.Utilize the standard type cyclone separator of a diameter, handle with its mixture to collected adsorbent that gets off in bag district and fine particle for 250mm.After interpretation of result, adsorbent separated through twice high speed whirlwind, the fine particle that is adhered on its surface was peelable basically, and collects respectively through inertial separation and adsorbent.Adsorbent can utilize again.
Embodiment 4
Device and method is identical with instance 1,2,3, and emphasis experimentizes to the recovery and the separation of adsorbent.Utilize the standard type cyclone separator of a diameter, handle with its mixture to collected adsorbent that gets off in bag district and fine particle for 250mm.After adsorbent separated through twice high speed whirlwind, the fine particle that is adhered on its surface was peelable basically.Because adsorbent has certain magnetic, can utilize conventional magnetic plant adsorbent and fine particle to separate.
Embodiment 5
The particle diameter of adsorbent is at the 5-10 mu m range, and specific area is greater than 2.0m 2/ g.Described sorbent-loaded is processed magnetic material on the magnetic material surface.The voltage of described high voltage source is 20kV; The temperature of described flue gas is 100 ℃.The straying quatity of described adsorbent in flue gas is at 5-55mg/m 3In the scope.All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
The particle diameter of adsorbent is at the 80-100 mu m range, and specific area is greater than 2.0m 2/ g.The voltage of described high voltage source is that the temperature of the described flue gas of 100kV is 200 ℃.The straying quatity of described adsorbent in flue gas is at 55-180mg/m 3In the scope.All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
The particle diameter of adsorbent is at the 50-60 mu m range, and specific area is greater than 2.0m 2/ g.The voltage of described high voltage source is 50kV; The temperature range of described flue gas is 150 ℃.The straying quatity of described adsorbent in flue gas is at 180-1000mg/m 3In the scope.All the other are with embodiment 1.

Claims (9)

1. a charged adsorbent is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) through external electrical field and spray gun adsorbent is carried out chargedly in advance, makes adsorbent positively charged, and through the insulating properties playpipe that links to each other with spray gun with the adsorbent high velocity jet of positively charged in the flue gas of electricity-bag set composite land; The straying quatity of adsorbent in flue gas is at 5-1000mg/m 3In the scope;
(2) spraying into adsorbent positively charged in the flue gas fully mixes with flue gas;
(3) particle that the coalescence effect forms greater particle size takes place through the Coulomb force in electronegative fine particle effect in positively charged adsorbent and the flue gas, simultaneously heavy metal in the flue gas and part condensable property material is removed;
(4) by under the filter bag interception capture, the positively charged adsorbent on the filter bag surface continues that fine particle is carried out electricity and coagulates big size particles thing, and removes heavy metal and condensable property material through sack cleaner the time;
(5) adsorbent after collecting through sack cleaner and flying dust carry out recycle through after separating and handling.
2. a kind of charged adsorbent according to claim 1 is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant; It is characterized in that; Described adsorbent is carbon back, non-carbon back porosu solid adsorbent or its mixture; The particle diameter of adsorbent is at the 5-200 mu m range, and specific area is greater than 2.0m 2/ g.
3. a kind of charged adsorbent according to claim 1 is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant, and described heavy metal is a kind of or its mixing in the elements such as mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, is particulate form or gaseous state in flue gas; Described condensable property material comprises a type or its mixture in volatility inorganic matter, high boiling organic matter, sulfur trioxide and the part volatile heavy metal component.
4. a kind of charged adsorbent according to claim 2 is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant; It is characterized in that; Described sorbent-loaded is processed magnetic material on the magnetic material surface; Mix use with magnesia powder when perhaps using, to improve capture effect to sulfur trioxide.
5. strengthen the method for electric bagging apparatus based on the described a kind of charged adsorbent of claim 1 to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant; It is characterized in that described external electrical field and spray gun are made up of the continuous supply unit of high voltage source, corona charging spray gun and the encapsulation adsorbent of positive polarity; Adsorbent after charged evenly is ejected in the flue gas by the insulation playpipe that is arranged in back, electricity district.
6. a kind of charged adsorbent according to claim 5 is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant, it is characterized in that the voltage range of described high voltage source is between 20-100kV; The continuous supply unit of described encapsulation adsorbent is the insulation jet pipe, and material of this insulation jet pipe be heat-resisting macromolecular material and the composite thereof to 250 ℃ of ceramic, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or other.
7. a kind of charged adsorbent according to claim 1 is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant, it is characterized in that, the temperature range of described flue gas is 100-250 ℃.
8. a kind of charged adsorbent according to claim 1 is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant, it is characterized in that, described electricity-bag set composite land is the binding site between electrostatic precipitator and the sack cleaner.
9. a kind of charged adsorbent according to claim 1 is strengthened the method for electric bagging apparatus to the Collaborative Control of flue gas multiple pollutant; It is characterized in that; The efficient cyclone separator is adopted in described separation of step (5) and processing, utilizes adsorbent different with the inertia of fine particle, separates; When adsorbent has magnetic, carry out separating treatment through Magnet Separater.
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CN103084036A (en) * 2013-03-01 2013-05-08 武汉景弘环保科技股份有限公司 Electrostatic reinforcing bag type dust collector with reverse electric field
CN103084036B (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-07-16 武汉景弘环保科技股份有限公司 Electrostatic reinforcing bag type dust collector with reverse electric field
CN106582185A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-04-26 潍坊学院 Method for removing particulate matters from gas
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CN106694225A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-24 安徽工业大学 Device for removing fine particulate matter of sintering flue gas by pulse corona charge
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