CN102667069A - Turbomachine - Google Patents

Turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102667069A
CN102667069A CN2010800553141A CN201080055314A CN102667069A CN 102667069 A CN102667069 A CN 102667069A CN 2010800553141 A CN2010800553141 A CN 2010800553141A CN 201080055314 A CN201080055314 A CN 201080055314A CN 102667069 A CN102667069 A CN 102667069A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
gas
entered passageway
suction port
sleeve
turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2010800553141A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
詹姆士·亚历山大·麦克文
提姆·德诺姆
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cummins Ltd
Original Assignee
Cummins Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0917513A external-priority patent/GB0917513D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1005680.2A external-priority patent/GB201005680D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1012474.1A external-priority patent/GB201012474D0/en
Application filed by Cummins Ltd filed Critical Cummins Ltd
Publication of CN102667069A publication Critical patent/CN102667069A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
    • F01D17/143—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path the shiftable member being a wall, or part thereof of a radial diffuser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/13—Two-dimensional trapezoidal
    • F05D2250/132—Two-dimensional trapezoidal hexagonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/16—Two-dimensional parabolic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/17—Two-dimensional hyperbolic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
    • F05D2250/61—Structure; Surface texture corrugated

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A variable geometry turbine comprises a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing, the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls; and a cylindrical sleeve axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet; wherein the annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages which axially overlap.

Description

Variable-geometry turbine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of variable-geometry turbine.This variable-geometry turbine can for example form the part of turbosupercharger.
Background technique
Turbosupercharger is well-known to be higher than atmospheric pressure (boost pressure) to the air fed device of the suction port of internal-combustion engine.Traditional turbosupercharger consist essentially of be installed in the turbine cylinder on the running shaft by exhaust-driven turbine wheel, said turbine cylinder is connected to the downstream of engine export manifold.The rotation of turbine wheel makes and is installed in the rotation of the compressor impeller on the running shaft the other end in the compressor housing.Compressor impeller is carried pressurized air to the engine intake manifold.Turbo-charger shaft is generally comprised, and the axle journal of proper lubrication system and thrust-bearing support, and it is in the central shaft bearing that connects between turbo machine and the compressor impeller housing.
Turbine portion branch in the typical turbosupercharger comprises: the turbo machine chamber that turbine wheel wherein is installed; Be defined in the annular air scoop between the relative radial wall that is provided with around the turbo machine chamber; Suction port volute around the annular air scoop setting; And the outlet passage that extends from the turbo machine chamber.Said passage is communicated with the turbo machine chamber, makes the supercharging waste gas that gets into the suction port volute arrive outlet passage through suction port through turbine flow, makes the turbine wheel rotation simultaneously.Be known that in addition through blade (being referred to as nozzle vane) is set in suction port and improve the performance of turbo machine so that make the gas deflection that flows through suction port.That is to say that flow and pass through gas-entered passageway (it is limited adjacent vanes) through the gas flow of annular air scoop, above-mentioned gas-entered passageway can cause air-flow vortex, makes the sense of rotation deflection of flow direction towards turbine wheel.
Turbo machine can have fixing or variable-geometry type.The difference of variable-geometry turbine and fixed geometric turbo machine is that the size of its suction port can change so that in gaseous mass flow rate scope, optimize gas flow rate, and the output power of turbo machine can change so that adapt to different motor requirements like this.For example, when the exhausted air quantity that is sent to turbo machine was low relatively, the gas flow rate that arrives turbine wheel remained on certain level, and it guarantees the efficient operation of turbo machine through the size of utilizing variable-geometry mechanisms to reduce suction port.The turbosupercharger that is provided with variable-geometry turbine is called as variable geometry turbocharger.
The nozzle vane that is arranged in the variable-geometry turbine pressurized machine can have different forms.In one type, be called as " slip nozzle ring ", said blade is fixed on the moving wall of axially-displaceable, and this wall slides and passes gas-entered passageway.The moving wall of said axially-displaceable moves closing gas-entered passageway to cover plate, and when doing like this, blade pass is crossed the hole in the cover plate.In addition, nozzle ring is fixed in wall of turbo machine and cover plate moves to change the size of gas-entered passageway above blade.
The movable part of variable-geometry mechanisms (no matter being nozzle ring or cover plate) is supported so that carry out axial motion in the chamber in a part of turbocharger housing (normally turbine cylinder or turbo-charger bearing seat).Above-mentioned housing chamber wall relatively seals so that reduce or prevent the escape of liquid of nozzle ring back periphery.
The removable wall of variable-geometry mechanisms can carry out axial displacement through the suitable actuator assembly that is made up of actuator and linkage.An embodiment of this known actuator is as at US5, discloses to some extent in 868,552.Linkage comprises yoke, and its pivot is supported in the bearing support and has two arms, and each arm extends and be equipped with on it engaged at end of the corresponding push rod of movable part (being nozzle ring in this case).Yoke is installed on the axle, and this radially slides in bearing support and support and is in the outside bent axle of bearing support, and it can any suitable mode be connected to actuator.The actuator that makes yoke move is taked various forms, comprises pneumatic, hydraulic pressure and electric form, and can be linked to yoke in every way.Actuator is regulated the position of removable wall usually under the control of control unit of engine (ECU), so that change the air-flow through turbo machine, thereby satisfy performance requirement.
In use, through mobile gas through suction port axial force is applied on the removable wall, this axial force must be provided by actuator.In addition, as the result who makes the air-flow blade path towards the sense of rotation deflection of turbine wheel, moment of torsion is applied on the nozzle ring.If nozzle ring is the removable wall of variable-geometry mechanisms, then moment of torsion also must be excited or provided in addition by actuator (such as the part of linkage).
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to eliminate or alleviate above-mentioned defective.A further object of the invention provides variable-geometry mechanisms and the turbo machine that improves or substitute.
According to an aspect of the present invention; A kind of variable-geometry turbine is provided; Comprise: turbine wheel; Said turbine wheel is installed in and is used in the housing rotating around turbine axis, and said housing limits the annular air scoop around the said turbine wheel, and said suction port is defined between first suction port and the second suction port sidewall; And the cylinder type sleeve, said cylinder type sleeve can move axially and pass said annular air scoop to change the size through the gas flow paths of said suction port; Wherein annular air scoop is separated at least two gas-entered passageways that axially depart from, these gas-entered passageway axial overlaps.
Be to be appreciated that the gas-entered passageway that axially departs from comprises the gas-entered passageway with different axial positions and/or has the gas-entered passageway that difference extends axially degree.The gas-entered passageway that axially departs from can spaced apart, adjacent or axial overlap.
Annular air scoop can be separated into roughly the annular array that is roughly tubular gas-entered passageway that extends towards turbine wheel, and what wherein the annular array of gas-entered passageway comprised at least three axial overlaps axially departs from gas-entered passageway.
At least two said axial overlaps axially to depart from gas-entered passageway upwards overlapping in week.
Being roughly tubular gas-entered passageway has the rhombus of being roughly or is roughly hexagonal cross section.
Suction port is divided into described gas-entered passageway through the gas-entered passageway wall, and wherein the gas-entered passageway wall is limited on a plurality of non-planar surface dividing plates that are roughly annular.
Dividing plate can be upwards to be the annular ring of wavy cardinal principle in week.
Dividing plate has the surface that is roughly hyperbolic parabola.
The annular array of gas-entered passageway can be made up of some discrete circumferential adjacent portion's sections.
Variable-geometry turbine comprises the annular air scoop around turbine wheel; Said turbine wheel is mounted for centering on the turbine shaft rotation in the turbine chamber that is limited housing; Turbine chamber have between suction port madial wall and outer side wall, limit and around the annular air scoop of turbine wheel, annular air scoop comprises:
First pair of gas-entered passageway that the first and second circumferential isolated gas-entered passageways constitute;
Second pair of gas-entered passageway that the third and fourth circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway constitutes;
Wherein second pair of gas-entered passageway and first pair of gas-entered passageway axially spaced-apart are opened; And
Wherein a cylindrical sleeve is supported in the housing, changes the size of annular air scoop so that on axial direction, move back and forth; And
Its middle sleeve can move between the primary importance and the second place at least; Wherein in primary importance; Part is open at least towards air-flow for each gas-entered passageway of first pair of gas-entered passageway, and second pair of gas-entered passageway is open fully towards air-flow, and in the second place; First pair of gas-entered passageway blocked air-flow fully, and each gas-entered passageway of second pair of gas-entered passageway is at least partly blocked air-flow.
Typically, waste gas can flow to annular air scoop via volute on every side.In some embodiments of the invention, volute can axially or circumferentially be separated, so annular air scoop is limited to the downstream of separating part arbitrarily of volute or volute.In the separated turbo machine of this volute, adjacent volute part is not communicated with usually each other, except partly end at the downstream end at suction port place at adjacent volute.
The inboard of suction port and outer side wall for example can be the walls that limits the continuity of turbine.
Generally, the Extreme breadth of suction port will be corresponding to the area that was scanned by the tip rotation of turbine wheel blade.
When sleeve was in the second place, each gas-entered passageway of second pair of gas-entered passageway can be blocked air-flow fully.
Some variable geometry turbochargers can comprise the 3rd pair of gas-entered passageway that is made up of circumferential the isolated the 4th and the 5th gas-entered passageway, and itself and first pair and second couple of gas-entered passageway both axial displacement are spaced apart.This embodiment can comprise isolated four pairs or many to gas-entered passageway of the axial displacement that is made up of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway.When sleeve is in the second place; Have only a pair of gas-entered passageway can block air-flow fully in the paired gas-entered passageway that the said axially spaced-apart that is made up of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway is opened, by the residue of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway to gas-entered passageway at least part block air-flow.
Each gas-entered passageway of paired gas-entered passageway can be the part around the respective annular array of the circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway of turbine wheel.
The every pair of gas-entered passageway or gas-entered passageway annular array can comprise the passage that axially overlaps substantially.
At least one gas-entered passageway of at least one pair of gas-entered passageway or at least one gas-entered passageway annular array can with at least one gas-entered passageway axial overlap of adjacency pair gas-entered passageway or adjacent gas-entered passageway annular array mutually.
The primary importance of sleeve can be the open position, and the said paired gas-entered passageway that wherein is made up of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway or each gas-entered passageway of gas-entered passageway annular array are open towards air-flow.
The second place of sleeve can be closing position, and the free end of its middle sleeve strides across annular air scoop protrusion and adjacent inner side wall or outer side wall.
Sleeve can controllably be positioned between said first and second positions.
The gas-entered passageway number of each annular array that is made up of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway in certain embodiments, can be identical.
In other embodiment, comprise the gas-entered passageway quantity of the annular array of a circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway, can be different with the gas-entered passageway quantity of at least one other the annular array that comprises circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway.
Variable-geometry turbine can comprise and is installed as the turbine wheel around turbine shaft rotation that is positioned at housing; This housing limits the encirclement turbine wheel and is defined between suction port madial wall and the outer side wall; Wherein but cylindrical sleeve is installed in the body; In at least a portion of annular air scoop, to carry out axial sliding movement,, also comprise to change the size of annular air scoop:
At least one toroidal membrane; The madial wall and the outer side wall axially spaced-apart of itself and annular air scoop are opened; So that annular air scoop is separated into axially adjacent annular portion, and wherein the air inlet sharf to extending across at least two said annular portions said or that each dividing plate limits.
Equally, gas can flow to annular air scoop via annular volute or the anologue cavity around annular air scoop.In certain embodiments, volute can be given separated volute, for example is separated into independent axial or circumferential part, and above-mentioned part for example can receive the gas from homology not (for example, in multi-cylinder engine in the different cavity of cylinder).In an embodiment of the present invention, suction port and dividing plate will be in the downstream of any volute part of volute or separated volute.
Variable-geometry turbine can comprise turbine wheel; It is mounted for around the interior turbine shaft rotation of housing; The housing stop collar is around turbine wheel and annular air scoop that between suction port madial wall and outer side wall, limit; Wherein annular air scoop axially is separated into adjacent annular region by two or more annular air scoop dividing plates; And wherein cylindrical sleeve is installed in the housing and moves at least a portion that strides across annular air scoop so that can endwisely slip, thereby change the size of annular air scoop.
As for other variable-geometry turbine, annular air scoop can be limited to the downstream of turbine (it can be separated volute) on every side or similar gas chamber.
Some variable-geometry turbines can comprise at least two said toroidal membranes, and it axially is separated at least three axial adjacent annular regions with annular air scoop.
The mobile qualification of sleeve between the position that limits the minimum and maximum width of suction port is corresponding to the discrete location of the axial position of said or each toroidal membrane.
Therefore, in some variable-geometry turbines, sleeve can be controllably moves between can be corresponding to the discrete location in open position, closing position and neutral position with the mode of progressively carrying out, and wherein each neutral position is corresponding to the position of toroidal membrane.In this neutral position, the free end of sleeve can axially align with the front edge of dividing plate.
Some variable-geometry turbines can comprise at least two said toroidal membranes, and it axially is separated at least three axial adjacent annular portions with annular air scoop, and wherein at least one said annular portion does not comprise any air inlet blade.
Variable-geometry turbine can comprise turbine wheel; It is mounted for around the interior turbine shaft rotation of housing; The housing stop collar is around turbine wheel and annular air scoop that between suction port madial wall and outer side wall, limit; Wherein annular air scoop comprises nozzle arrangements, and it comprises the annular array that is roughly tubular gas-entered passageway that extends towards turbine wheel substantially, and wherein the annular array of gas-entered passageway comprises at least three isolated gas-entered passageways of axial displacement.
Nozzle arrangements can be arranged at the annular volute downstream of (it can be axially or circumferentially separates), its around annular inlet passageway so that air-flow is sent to annular inlet passageway.
Gas-entered passageway can have along its cardinal principle rhombus of partial-length, pentagon, hexagon or other polygonal cross section at least.
In some variable-geometry turbines, the geometrical shape of any given gas-entered passageway can vary along its length.For example, the cross-section area of gas-entered passageway can be minimized and then increase.Similarly, cross-section area can change shape at the diverse location place along its length.For example, gas-entered passageway can have a cross section at its suction port (upper reaches) end, and has another cross section at its relief opening (downstream) end.Cross section can gradually change from the suction port to the relief opening along its length.Gas-entered passageway can be basically straight maybe can be crooked.Under both of these case, cross section all can scan with respect to the sense of rotation of turbine wheel forward or backward.
Can there be two or more adjacent gas-entered passageway annular arrays.Adjacent annular array can comprise the gas-entered passageway of different numbers and/or different size and/or different geometries or structure.For example, an annular array passage can limit the swirl angle that is different from another annular array passage.
Gas-entered passageway can be limited on the two or more annular air scoop dividing plates that are positioned at annular air scoop, and wherein adjacent suction port dividing plate contacts with each other or is bonded to each other so that between contact area, limit gas-entered passageway at circumferential spaced positions place in addition.The annular air scoop dividing plate can become waveform (wavy) in the circumference, and the contact area between adjacent separator extends across the whole radial width of each toroidal membrane substantially like this.
The cylindrical sleeve of any aspect of the present invention can be installed in the housing cavity that separates through said madial wall and gas-entered passageway, and wherein the free end of cylindrical sleeve extends in the annular air scoop so that limit the width of annular air scoop from said chamber.
Therefore, can between the free end of sleeve and outer side wall, limit air-flow through annular air scoop.
In some variable-geometry turbines; Housing comprises bearing support or central housing parts; And turbine casing body portion; Rotate in the chamber that wherein turbine wheel limits between bearing support/central housing and turbine shroud part, and wherein cylindrical sleeve is mounted in bearing support/central housing and limits housing cavity.
The cylindrical sleeve of any aspect of the present invention can be installed in the housing cavity that separates through said outer side wall and gas-entered passageway, and wherein the free end of cylindrical sleeve extends in the annular air scoop so that limit the width of annular air scoop from said chamber.
Therefore, can between the free end of sleeve and madial wall, limit air-flow through annular air scoop.
In some variable-geometry turbines; Housing comprises bearing support or central housing parts; And turbine casing body portion; Rotate in the chamber that wherein turbine wheel limits between bearing support/central housing and turbine shroud part, and wherein cylindrical sleeve is mounted to and in turbine cylinder, limits housing cavity.
The preferred removable external diameter that strides across annular air scoop of cylindrical sleeve is so that optionally with respect to blocking corresponding gas-entered passageway or upstream end portion through the air-flow of turbo machine.
Yet in other variable-geometry turbine, the preferred removable internal diameter that strides across annular air scoop of cylindrical sleeve is so that optionally with respect to the downstream of blocking corresponding gas-entered passageway or part through the air-flow of turbo machine.
Variable-geometry turbine can comprise turbine wheel; It is mounted for around the interior turbine shaft rotation of housing; The housing stop collar is around turbine wheel and annular air scoop that between suction port madial wall and outer side wall, limit; And also comprise at least one toroidal membrane of opening with the madial wall and the outer side wall axially spaced-apart of annular air scoop so that annular air scoop is separated into axially adjacent annular portion, and cylindrical sleeve can move axially so that change the size of the annular air scoop that between sleeve free end and madial wall or outer side wall, limits by external diameter and said at least one toroidal membrane around the annular air scoop part in annular air scoop.
Once more, annular air scoop can be limited to the downstream of (comprise separated volute or be used for air-flow is transferred to the chamber of annular air scoop) of volute on every side.Between sleeve free end and madial wall or outer side wall, limit effective axial width (depending on sleeve is installed in which side of housing) of suction port.
In some variable-geometry turbines, cylindrical sleeve is mounted to the mode of progressively carrying out and moves in open position, closing position and between corresponding to one or more positions of said or each toroidal membrane.
Therefore sleeve is restricted between discrete precalculated position and moves, and some of them are corresponding to the position of suction port dividing plate.In certain embodiments, can prevent that sleeve is positioned to its free end between adjacent dividing plate.
Extensible at least one the annular air scoop part that strides across of one or more blades.
Therefore; The method of control or operation turbo machine according to the present invention is provided; Its middle sleeve moves between corresponding to the position of open position, closing position and neutral position (in this position, the free end of sleeve is aimed at the annular air scoop dividing plate) with discrete axial step.
Description of drawings
To describe specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing now.
Fig. 1 is the axial cross section through the known turbochargers that comprises variable-geometry turbine.
Fig. 2 is the radial view that schematically illustrates along the annular air scoop part periphery of turbo machine shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is through comprising a part of axial cross section of turbosupercharger according to the variable-geometry turbine of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 a and 4b illustrate the details of the nozzle assembly of turbo machine shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 5 is the radial view that schematically illustrates along the annular air scoop part periphery of nozzle assembly shown in Fig. 4 a and the 4b.
Fig. 6 is that the schematic views that Fig. 5 is shown changes so that the schematic representation of the sleeve that forms the part of nozzle assembly shown in Fig. 4 a and the 4b is shown.
Fig. 7 a is the axial cross section through the variable-geometry turbine part of the alternative according to the present invention to 7d.
Every width of cloth figure of Fig. 8 a to Fig. 8 f, 9a to 9d, 10,11a to 11d and Figure 12 to 17 is the radial view of circumferential part that schematically illustrates each embodiment's according to the present invention the corresponding inlet structure in edge.
Figure 18 to 19 is the axial cross sections that schematically illustrate the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 21 is the radial view along the circumferential part of annular air scoop structure that schematically illustrates according to the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 22 a illustrates the part according to the turbo machine and the nozzle assembly of the embodiment of the invention to 22b.
Every width of cloth figure of Figure 23 and Figure 24 is the radial view along the circumferential part of annular air scoop structure that schematically illustrates according to the present invention corresponding embodiment.
Figure 25 a and 25b illustrate the modification of the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 27 a to 27b is the axial cross section through the part of turbo machine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 28 a to 28b is the axial cross section through the part of turbo machine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 29 a to 29c illustrates the details according to the air inlet sleeve of the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 30 a and 30b schematically illustrate the details of possibility variant embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 31 schematically shows endwisely slip the according to the preferred embodiment of the invention turbo machine of sleeve and dividing plate/vane collocation of employing.
Figure 32 a and 32b are the perspective view and the side-looking explanatory views of the dividing plate/blade structure of other alternative according to the present invention.
Figure 33 has schematically shown the perspective view of dividing plate/blade structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 34 has schematically shown the perspective view of dividing plate/blade structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, it illustrates known turbosupercharger, and this turbosupercharger comprises the variable-geometry turbine housing 1 and compressor housing 2 via 3 interconnection of central axis bearing.Turbo-charger shaft 4 extends to compressor housing 2 from turbine cylinder 1 through bearing support 3.Turbine wheel 5 is installed on axle 4 the end, so that rotation turbine cylinder 1 in, and compressor impeller 6 is installed on the other end of axle 4 so that in compressor housing 2, rotate.Axle 4 is round the turbo-charger shaft 4a rotation that is positioned on the bearing support inner bearing unit.
Turbine cylinder 1 limits volute 7, is sent to this volute 7 from the gas of internal-combustion engine (not shown).Waste gas flow to axial exhaust ducts 8 via annular air scoop 9 and turbine wheel 5 from volute 7.Suction port 9 limits between sidewall, and a sidewall is the surface 10 of the radial wall of removable ring nozzle ring-side wall member 11, and another sidewall is on annular shroud plate 12.Cover plate 12 covers the opening at the annular recess place 13 in the turbine cylinder 1.
Nozzle ring 11 supports the array of circumferential and impartial isolated nozzle vane 14, and each blade extends across the whole axial width of suction port 9.The gas of nozzle vane 14 is towards the sense of rotation deflection of turbine wheel 5.When nozzle ring 11 during near circular cowling 12, blade 14 is projected in the recess 13 through the groove of the suitable constructions in the circular cowling 12.
The actuator (not shown) can be operable to the position of controlling nozzle ring 11 via the actuator output shaft (not shown), and this actuator output shaft is linked to stirrup member 15.What stirrup member 15 meshed support nozzle ring 11 successively extends axially guide rod 16.Therefore, through suitably controlling actuator (for example this actuator can be pneumatic electronic or any other suitable type), thereby therefore can control the axial position of the axial position control nozzle ring 11 of guide rod 16.Should be appreciated that the details that nozzle ring installation and guider are provided with can be described different with those.
Nozzle ring 11 has axially extended radially inner side and exterior annular flange 17 and 18, and above-mentioned flange extends in the annular cavity 19 that is arranged in the turbine cylinder 1.Inboard and outside seal ring 20 and 21 is arranged to come sealed-in nozzles ring 11 with respect to the inboard and the exterior annular surface of annular cavity 19 respectively, allows nozzle ring 11 in annular cavity 19, to slide simultaneously.Inner seal circle 20 is supported in the circular groove in the annular radial inner surface that is formed at chamber 19, and the interior annular flange 17 of breasting nozzle ring 11.Outside seal ring 20 is supported in the circular groove in the annular radial outer surface that is formed at chamber 19, and the exterior annular flange 18 of breasting nozzle ring 11.
The gas that flows to exhaust passage 8 from suction port volute 7 is crossed turbine wheel 5, so torque is applied on the axle 4 so that Driven Compressor impeller 6.The rotation increase of compressor impeller 6 in compressor housing 2 is present in the pressure of the ambient air in the suction port 22, and this superheated steam is sent to exhaust volute 23, and gas is sent to the internal-combustion engine (not shown) from exhaust volute 23.The speed of turbo machine 5 depends on the gas flow rate through annular air scoop 9.For the fixed gas mass flowrate in flowing to suction port 9, gas flow rate is along with the change width of suction port 9, and above-mentioned width can be regulated through the axial position of control nozzle ring 11.(, flow through the gas flow rate increase of this suction port 9 along with the width of suction port 9 reduces.) that gas-entered passageway 9 is shown is open fully for Fig. 1.Through making nozzle ring 11 move, can gas-entered passageway 9 be closed to minimum degree towards circular cowling 12.
With reference to Fig. 2, it is the radial view that schematically shows along turbo machine annular suction port 9 peripheral parts of Fig. 1, launches and in the paper plane, keeps flat.In this view, nozzle ring 11 is in wide-open position, and parallel lines 11 and 12 are represented nozzle ring 11 and cover plate 12 respectively like this, and parallel lines 14 representatives extend across the front edge of the nozzle vane 14 of suction port 9.Size c is the peripheral part of suction port 9, and size w is the Extreme breadth of annular air scoop 9.As can beappreciated from fig. 2, blade 14 is separated into annular air scoop 9 annular array of circumferentially adjacent gas-entered passageway 14a.Each gas-entered passageway 14a radially extends usually, but have that structure by blade 14 causes scan (having the radius that reduces) forward, as stated, blade 14 is designed to make and flows gas through suction port 9 towards the sense of rotation deflection of turbo machine.Extend across structure and the spacing restriction of geometrical shape through controlling blade 14 of each gas-entered passageway 14a of suction port 9 whole width w, but as shown in the figure, it has the cross section that is roughly rectangle.
Fig. 3 is through comprising a part of cross section of turbosupercharger according to the variable-geometry turbine of the embodiment of the invention.Wherein the suitable individual features of the turbosupercharger of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is identified by identical reference character.Reference term " axially " and " axially " should be understood to the running shaft that refers to turbine wheel.Fig. 3 illustrates the bearing support 3 and turbine cylinder 4 of turbosupercharger, wherein the compressor (not shown) is removed.As for known turbochargers shown in Figure 1, turbo-charger shaft 4 extends to turbine cylinder 1 through bearing support 3 and turbine wheel 5 is installed on the end of the axle 4 in the turbine cylinder 1.Turbine cylinder 1 limits volute 7, and waste gas is sent to the annular air scoop 9 around turbine wheel 5 from this volute 7.
According to the present invention, the size of suction port 9 changes the position of cylindrical sleeve 30 through control in axial sliding, and cylindrical sleeve 30 is supported on the guide rod 31, and guide rod 31 is slidably mounted in the chamber 19 that is limited bearing support 3.Guide rod 31 can have the configuration roughly the same with guide rod shown in Figure 1 16, and the yoke (not shown) of the inner end 31a through being linked to guide rod 31 activates in the same way.The outer end 31a of guide rod 31 is connected to the flange 30a that radially extends of sleeve 30.As shown in the figure, corresponding independently flange 30a can be arranged to be connected to guide rod 31, or sleeve 30 can comprise the radially extending flange of the single annular that is connected to guide rod 31.Sleeve 30 has the free end that is projected in the suction port 9, like this to change the width of suction port via the controlled manner of the appropriate motion of guide rod 31 and location through sleeve 30.
In addition, according to the present invention, suction port 9 part at least is limited to facing between the sidewall of turbine cylinder, and in this embodiment, turbine cylinder comprises the nozzle ring 32 and 33 of nozzle assembly 34.More detail at nozzle assembly 34 shown in Fig. 4 a and the 4b (together with the portion's section and the guide rod 31 of sleeve 31).First nozzle ring 32 of nozzle assembly 34 radially extends across the opening of the turbine casing fluid chamber 19 of sleeve 30.Seal ring 35 with respect to sleeve 30 sealed-in nozzles rings 32 so that prevent the leakage of gas between suction port 9 and chamber 19.Similarly, seal ring 36 comes sealed-in nozzles ring 32 with respect to the turbine cylinder of the radially inward edge of adjacent nozzles ring 32.Second nozzle ring 33 of nozzle ring assembly 34 is fixed to the radial wall of the turbine cylinder in the plain annular recess place that is limited turbine cylinder; And relatively be fixed to this radial wall through seal ring 36, reveal between nozzle ring 33 and turbine cylinder so that prevent gas.
Circumferentially the annular array of impartial isolated nozzle vane 37 extends between first and second nozzle rings 32 and 33.Nozzle vane 37 is separated into circumferential isolated air inlet parts with annular air scoop.Annular air scoop dividing plate 38a, 38b and the 38c that radially extends is axially impartial spaced apart between nozzle ring 32 and 33, and further annular air scoop 9 is separated into and is divided into the air inlet parts that axially spaced-apart is opened.Dividing plate 38 is coaxial and be parallel to the ring of relative thin of nozzle ring 32 and 33 orientations with turbine shaft, and they have axially extended like this.Therefore; Blade 37 is separated into annular air scoop 9 together with suction port dividing plate 38a-38c the gas-entered passageway 39 (all gas-entered passageways not being carried out separate marking in the accompanying drawings) of plurality of separate; It illustrates in Fig. 5 best; Fig. 5 is the radial view that schematically illustrates the deploying portion of nozzle assembly 34 peripheries, and this nozzle assembly 34 is corresponding to the known inlet structure shown in Fig. 2.Equally, size w is that the whole width and the size c of suction port 9 are suction port its perimeter.
With reference to Fig. 5, blade 37 and suction port dividing plate 38a-38c are separated into suction port 9 four annular arrays that axially spaced-apart is opened of circumferential isolated air intake passage 39a, 39b, 39c and 39d respectively.By contrast, the known configuration of Fig. 2 has the single annular array of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway, and each gas-entered passageway extends across the whole width of suction port 9.The definite structure of gas-entered passageway 39a to 39d is limited the structure of blade 37 and dividing plate 38a to 38c, but as shown in the figure, can find out that passage has conventional rectangle (approximate square in this case) cross section.Each gas-entered passageway 39a to 39d is directed to turbine wheel with air-flow, and since scanning of blade 37 and with air-flow at direction upper deflecting towards the sense of rotation of turbine wheel 5.In this embodiment, the gas-entered passageway 39 in each annular array is upwards adjacent in week, and each annular array 39a to 39d is axially adjacent each other.
As stated, control the size of suction port 9 through the axial position of regulating sleeve 30, sleeve 30 slides and surmounts the external diameter of blade and dividing plate.The position of depending on sleeve 30, the capable of blocking or part blocking-up of the annular array opened of one or more axially spaced-aparts of gas-entered passageway 39a to 39d is through the air-flow of suction port 9 thus.For example, Fig. 4 a illustrates sleeve 30 and is in almost completely open position, and in this position, first annular array of gas flow channel 39a is partly blocked air-flow, and second and the Fourth Ring shape array of gas-entered passageway 39b to 39d are open fully for air-flow.Fig. 4 b (and Fig. 3) illustrates the position that sleeve 30 is in complete closed; The end breasting nozzle ring 33 of its middle sleeve 30, and all four the axial adjacent annular array sealings (standing the leakage of possible minimum flow in the gas-entered passageway 39d between sleeve 30 and nozzle ring 33) of gas-entered passageway 39a to 39d.
Through the control position of sleeve 30 between open position and closing position, can open or block, or partially open/block the axial adjacent annular array of the selected number of gas-entered passageway 39a to 39d.For example, aim at the first air inlet dividing plate 38a through the free end that sleeve 30 is located such that sleeve, first annular array sealing of gas-entered passageway 39a, and second and the Fourth Ring shape array of gas-entered passageway 39b to 39d are open fully for air-flow.Similarly; Through with the free end portion of sleeve 30 be positioned between suction port dividing plate 38b and the 38c; First and second annular arrays of gas-entered passageway 39a and 39b are with complete closed; And the Fourth Ring shape array of gas-entered passageway 39d will be open fully, and the 3rd annular array of gas-entered passageway 39c is opened part for air-flow.This is schematically illustrated in Fig. 6, on the sleeve 30 of its view shown in Figure 5 that is added to.
In above-mentioned (below reaching) of the present invention embodiment, but sleeve 30 complete closed suction ports are promptly blocked suction port 9 fully.In other embodiments, above-mentioned sleeve there is no need can the complete closed suction port, but can have final channel array 39 open " sealing " position of part at least.For example, the free end of sleeve can be provided with axially extended zone, and it provides the hard retainer that is suitable for the sleeve closing position, is limiting flow gap around between the zone of perimeter of sleeve.
In this embodiment of the present invention, through reducing to realize that in the size of the suction port 9 of gas-entered passageway 39 upstream ends the acceleration of air-flow increases.Under the situation that does not have suction port dividing plate 38, quicken to arrive the whole width that turbine wheel 5 strides across axial expansion suction port 9 before at it through the gas of sleeve 30 ends.This causes significant energy loss in the air-flow when air communication is crossed suction port, but the required effect of this appreciable impact restriction (dwindling) suction port.Therefore, can expect that such variable-geometry turbine is unusual poor efficiency, thus unrealistic as far as many application (being applied to turbocharger turbine) such as picture.According to the present invention; When sleeve 30 is moved beyond first and during subsequently suction port dividing plate; Volume in the suction port 9 that gas can be expanded within it reduces, and above-mentioned causing similarly expanded the energy loss that expands and possibly cause by the air-flow in the suction port 9 at the turbine wheel upper reaches.This causes improving intake efficiency significantly.When the free end of sleeve and given suction port dividing plate on time, it is equivalent to mobile radial wall member effectively.Between these positions, can have decrease in efficiency, but this efficient reduction degree with the situation that has no the suction port dividing plate is different.Surprisingly, analog result shows, the efficient that inlet structure of the present invention has is than the efficient in some known especially smaller suction port width of moving end-wall inlet structure following times even higher.
Fig. 3 extremely embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 6 has three suction port dividing plates 38, but in alternative, can adopt the dividing plate greater or less than three.For example; Only provide the single suction port dividing plate centre of nozzle ring 32 and 33 (for example) to raise the efficiency and make it be higher than the efficient under the situation that is having no the suction port dividing plate, and efficient is brought up to enough degree so that the effective available variable-geometry turbine structure that is applicable to turbosupercharger and other application program is provided.
Expect that corresponding to the position of said or each suction port dividing plate the efficient of turbo machine suction port can change along with the gradual change of air inlet port dimensions.Yet, can successfully obtain this effect through increasing the dividing plate number.Though increase the minimizing maximum cross section circulation area of effect dividing plate (it has axial thickness) number can obtain to increase resistance of air and to(for) the air-flow of any given suction port width w; But if necessary, can make it have the maximum axial width bigger to compensate through annular air scoop 9 is built into than the situation that dividing plate is not set.
Also have many other advantages that are superior to known moving nozzle ring turbo machine shown in Fig. 1 according to turbo machine of the present invention.According to the present invention, act on the sleeve pressure and aerodynamic force with act on radial wall on those compare and can significantly reduce.For example, significantly reduce than the axial force that acts on the sleeve 30 by the mobile axial force that acts on the sleeve 30 that causes through the air of suction port.This allow to use driver littler, with better function, and the link steadiness of the STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED between this external actuator and the sleeve is low, because moving sleeve and remain in place required axial force significantly less than the required axial force in control radial wall position.Act on axial force on the sleeve less than the axial force that acts on the radial wall, the above-mentioned accurate control of also having simplified air inlet port dimensions.
Cylindrical sleeve has also been avoided the demand of the groove of admitting blade is set with acting on the size that changes air inlet port dimensions rather than mobile radial wall; Because air inlet port dimensions reduces; The demand is that known inlet structure is required; This known inlet structure comprises removable nozzle ring (for example as shown in Figure 1) and other optional structure, and wherein blade is fixed, and the fluting cover plate moves axially above blade so that change the suction port width.Therefore, the present invention has eliminated the many interface requirements between moving member and array of vanes, and the demand has increased manufacturing tolerances conversely again.This slot is not set has reduced array of vanes gas leakage on every side yet, and simplified seal request.
Preferably, sleeve has been found the above-mentioned improved aerodynamic performance of giving around air inlet parts.In other words, sleeve diameter is greater than the external diameter (or outer radial extension degree) of one or more air inlet parts.In another embodiment, sleeve can by air inlet parts around.In other words, sleeve outer diameter can be less than the internal diameter of one or more air inlet parts.In another embodiment, sleeve is removable through one or more air inlet parts.In other words, sleeve diameter (like internal diameter or external diameter, or average diameter) can be less than the external diameter of one or more air inlet parts, but greater than the internal diameter of one or more air inlet parts.
Known equipment comprises movably nozzle ring, and wherein the moving end-wall member comprises blade for example as shown in fig. 1, and known device also stands the very high pulling torque that the air-flow of its deflection caused by blade.There is not this moment of torsion in the present invention on moving member, the power on above-mentioned further reduction actuator and the actuator chaining part (linkage).
According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3 and 4, air intake passage 39 is limited nozzle assembly 34, and nozzle assembly 34 comprises the nozzle ring 32 and 33 that supports suction port blade 37 and dividing plate 38.Thereby nozzle ring 32 and 33 limits the sidewall of the annular air scoop 9 of turbo machine.This structure has a lot of advantages, for example allows heteroid nozzle assembly to be installed to same turbine cylinder, and inlet structure (being the structure of gas-entered passageway 39) can change between other roughly the same turbo machine like this.Should can have the benefit in the manufacturing by (modularization) structure.Yet; Be to be appreciated that the blade 37 that limits gas-entered passageway 39 and dividing plate 38 (or limit any other structure of the gas-entered passageway 39 that is described below) there is no need to be formed in the separable modularization nozzle assembly, but can with turbocharger housing (bearing support and/or turbine cylinder in the for example typical turbine structure) integrally casting or processing.In this embodiment, the sidewall of suction port 9 there is no need to be formed by the such discrete nozzle ring of the embodiment of Fig. 3 and Fig. 5.Therefore, though in following explanation, utilize reference character 32 and 33 to identify the sidewall of distinguishing turbo machine suction port 9 usually, these should not be considered to the qualification to nozzle ring 32 and 33.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3-6, turbomachine injection nozzle comprises three suction port dividing plates 38, but as stated, in alternative of the present invention, can have more or less suction port dividing plate.For example, the embodiment who only has one or two suction port dividing plate can improve the efficient of turbo machine suction port effectively significantly, and the moving member that wherein is used to change air inlet port dimensions is the cylindrical sleeve around array of vanes.Similarly, in certain embodiments, the embodiment who has more than three dividing plates possibly be favourable.In some applications, in the picture application of turbosupercharger, estimate that 3 to 6 dividing plates will be suitable.
It is spaced apart to equalization that dividing plate there is no need to stride across the width axes of suction port 9, and under the situation of single dividing plate, gas there is no need between the sidewall of suction port 9.Axial spacing between any two adjacent dividing plates or between dividing plate and suction port adjacent wall can increase from the axial side direction opposite side of suction port 9 or reduce, or can increase afterwards earlier and reduce, or vice versa.For example; Under situation more than a suction port dividing plate; Between the adjacent separator or can stride across suction port 9 and reduce/increase at any axially spaced-apart between dividing plate and the suction port sidewall; Along with suction port 9 is sealed by cylindrical sleeve gradually, the axial width of the gas-entered passageway 39 of any exposed reduces/increases like this.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3-6, each suction port dividing plate comprises the radially wall extension of condition of equivalent thickness, and the apparent surface of each dividing plate is positioned at the radial plane like this.In addition, the phase opposed face of each dividing plate all is parallel to each other, and is parallel to the nozzle ring 32 of qualification annular air scoop 9 sidewalls and 33 opposed face mutually.In alternative of the present invention, the phase opposed face of any given dividing plate there is no need to be parallel to each other and/or there is no need to be parallel to the phase opposed face of adjacent separator or suction port sidewall.
For example, one or two of single suction port dividing plate apparent surface can be positioned at around the fi-ustoconical surface of turbine shaft rotation.These surfaces can be parallel, or can be in the tilted angle in the opposite direction.In the embodiment who comprises some conical butt dividing plates, adjacent separator can have the surface of facing mutually, and above-mentioned surface can be parallel, or is positioned relative to each other angled.Similarly, suction port sidewall (for example nozzle ring 32 and 33) can have parallel or angled surface with the opposed face of adjacent suction port dividing plate.
The suction port dividing plate can have the axial thickness of homogeneous, maybe can have the thickness along its radius change.For example, dividing plate can have the axial thickness with radius-zoom-out.For example, the suction port dividing plate can have tapering maybe can have cross section radially, and it has the wing shape that is similar to traditional air inlet blade.
Above-mentioned some maybe alternatives instance at Fig. 7 a to shown in the 7d.These accompanying drawings are the radial cross-sections through the simplification of turbo machine suction port 9, and it comprises sidewall 11 and 12, and dividing plate 38.In order to simplify the details of having omitted air inlet blade 37 in some drawings.
Fig. 7 a shows an embodiment who comprises annular air scoop 9, and this annular air scoop 9 is limited between sidewall 32 and 33, and comprises a nozzle with three dividing plate 38a-38c.In this particular case, dividing plate 38c than adjacent separator 38b more near sidewall 33.Similarly, the interval of interval between dividing plate 38a and the 38b and sidewall 32 and dividing plate 38a is greater than the interval between dividing plate 38c and the sidewall 33.In this particular example, dividing plate relative to each other and with respect to sidewall 32 with 33 one-tenth radially and in parallel.
Fig. 7 b is the modification of structure shown in Fig. 7 a, and wherein the sidewall 33 of turbine cylinder 1 is positioned to fi-ustoconical surface, and is therefore angled with respect to dividing plate 38c.In alternative, sidewall 32 can be angled in a similar fashion, and in certain embodiments, thereby two sidewalls 32 and 33 all can angledly make two internal taperings in side of annular air scoop 9.
Fig. 7 c shows an embodiment, and it comprises three suction port dividing plate 38a-38c, and it has the spacing that increases gradually that strides across suction port 9, moves and during more near suction port the axial width increase of gas-entered passageway 39 when sleeve 30 like this.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 d, the suction port nozzle comprises 5 dividing plate 38a-38e.As can finding out, the cross section of dividing plate has " fan-shaped " and arranges.That is to say; Central baffle 38c between suction port sidewall 32 and 33 is positioned on the radial plane; And nozzle ring 38a, 38b and dividing plate 38d and 38e sloped position all; In them each is positioned on the fi-ustoconical surface like this, and its effect is that gas-entered passageway 39 is tending towards assembling towards central air induction mouth dividing plate 38c convergence.In addition, its effect also has the gradually thin nozzle of qualification, and it has the Extreme breadth that between nozzle ring 38a and nozzle ring 38e, limits, and above-mentioned Extreme breadth narrows down along with radius-zoom-out.In other words, nozzle inwardly reduces (gradually thin) gradually.Through arranging that nozzle ring 38a is with 38e but not make sidewall 32 and 33 inclinations can obtain similar effects.
The air inlet blade can have any appropriate structures, for example can have the conventional aerofoil profile structure that is similar to known air inlet blade, or they can have any alternative structure, selects above-mentioned structure so that limit the specific arrangements and the structure of gas-entered passageway 39.Promptly; Because blade and suction port dividing plate limit the structure and the orientation of gas-entered passageway 39 together; Structure and orientation through suitably designing independent nozzle vane or suction port dividing plate can obtain various gas-entered passageway structure; In addition, can be designed in single nozzle assembly, to have various heteroid gas-entered passageways.
As stated; The efficient of turbo machine suction port can move to diverse location and changes along with sleeve, and in the efficient of the efficient of the turbo machine suction port of the position that the sleeve free end is aimed at one of them dividing plate turbo machine suction port when being positioned between the dividing plate.Therefore; In some embodiments of the invention; The actuator and/or the configurable one-tenth of control system that are suitable for sleeve make sleeve only between open fully and sealing (comprising any " too open " or " excessively sealing ") position and the position corresponding to some or all of dividing plates location, in a step-wise fashion move, and can not move to the position between the adjacent separator.The above-mentioned effect that causes provides suction port, and it has the some discrete size between minimum and maximum.This can provide efficient high advantage, and can allow to use the actuator of lower cost.
Similarly, in some embodiments of the invention, hope dividing plate is positioned the specific axial positions corresponding to sleeve position (that is, air inlet port dimensions), above-mentioned some predetermined running situation for turbo machine is best.For example, being suitable for this position of turbocharger turbine can be corresponding to being suitable for motor Peak torque, rated engine speed and the expressway preferred suction port width a little that cruises.In some applications, for example in the turbosupercharging generator, the generator that produces power can fixed load and/or speed operation, there is no need to adjust continuously the suction port width of turbo machine.In this embodiment, dividing plate can be arranged at the position corresponding to the required best suction port width of specific run condition, and sleeve only is operable between corresponding to the position of said or each partition position and moves.
In the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention, each air inlet blade can be considered and comprises by the separated axially adjacent air inlet blade-section of suction port dividing plate.Therefore, in an illustrated embodiment, each blade 37 can be considered and comprises following part, and it axially aligns and makes it be equal to the individual blade that extends across the whole width of suction port.Yet, in optional embodiment, for example hope to make that the air inlet blade-section between the adjacent paired suction port dividing plate upwards staggered in week, and in certain embodiments, no longer possibly confirm to extend across suction port 9 whole width individual blade etc. unison.
For example; In one embodiment, sleeve 30 is driven from the turbine casing side of suction port, therefore; When suction port seals; The free end of sleeve 30 is towards the bearing support side shifting (this possibility carries out further discussing more in detail hereinafter) of suction port, and the array of gas-entered passageway 39c and 39d causes the vibration in the turbine bucket to reduce with tired ability, because the hub end of turbo machine front edge is connected to turbine hub (thus more near the turbine wheel back side) more firmly.In application more of the present invention; Can hope turbine efficiency to be maximized at less suction port opening; Thereby array of vanes 39c and 39d can have the gap that reduces (as shown in the figure) with respect to turbine wheel, to raise the efficiency (supposing the above-mentioned significantly vibration/fatigue problem that do not cause arbitrarily when turbine bucket receives more firm support in this zone).In addition, when sleeve was in almost closing position (front edge of its middle sleeve 30 extends beyond the position of suction port dividing plate 38c), the swirl angle increase of blade can provide a little efficient to improve among the array 39d.Like this when sleeve almost seals, above-mentioned have reduce the bonus effect of cross-sectional flow area along with the rate of change of sleeve motion, above-mentioned permission actuator is controlled the execution cross-sectional flow area more accurately.
For some engine application (such as for exhaust gas recirculation EGR), hope to reduce the turbine efficiency among one or more air intake passage array 39a-39d.For example, hope in some applications under the open relatively situation of suction port width, to lower efficiency.For example this efficient reduces radially extension degree (as shown in the figure) and/or the circumferential width through the increase blade that can be through reducing blade or otherwise disposes blade and reduces effective air inlet area.Can be through other obstacle to flowing be provided, the post that for example extends axially in the passage can further reduce the air inlet area.The axial width of array can reduce so that increase effective frictional loss, and the configurable one-tenth of the swirl angle of blade provides the vortex of mixing.Other instance (not shown) can comprise the ring that is made up of with equally distributed post similar; The two or more concentric rings that constitute by post; The ring that constitutes by inhomogeneous and post random distribution, perhaps or even be arranged to reverse the ring that the blade of the annular that the blade at gas swirl angle constitutes (even gas rotates) constitutes on the opposite direction of turbo machine.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, each suction port dividing plate is annular, and therefore the whole periphery (girth) around suction port 9 extends.Yet each suction port dividing plate can be regarded as the annular array that is included in the adjacent separator part that limits between the adjacent air inlet blade (or blade-section).In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3-6, the dividing plate of each dividing plate 38 " part " is aimed to limit the corresponding annular dividing plate.Yet, in alternative, can hope to omit some partition part effectively, and in certain embodiments, no longer possibly confirm single suction port dividing plate that the whole periphery around suction port 9 extends etc. unison (equivalence).
Unrestricted instance in various alternatives shown in Fig. 8 a to 8f and Fig. 9 a to 9d.These accompanying drawings be corresponding embodiment periphery not rolling part for example corresponding to the schematic radial view of Fig. 2 and view shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 8 a shows an embodiment, and wherein air inlet blade-section 37a-37d is between adjacent suction port dividing plate 38 and in dividing plate 38 and sidewall 32, extend between 33.Do not exist to stride across the continuous single air inlet blade 37 of dividing plate 38, its effect is that independent inlet channels 39 is arranged to circumferentially staggered annular array 39a-39b (between axially adjacent passage 39, existing circumferentially overlapping).
Fig. 8 b is embodiment's shown in Fig. 8 a a modification, and some of them blade 37 extends across the whole width of suction port 9 really, and other blade-section is only extending between the adjacent dividing plate 38 or between dividing plate 38 and the suction port sidewall 32/33 that enables.Four annular arrays that have circumferential adjacent gas-entered passageway 39a-39d equally; Each annular array comprises the gas-entered passageway 39 of different size, in this case but in this case; Some gas-entered passageways have rectangular cross section, and other gas-entered passageway has square cross section.
Fig. 8 c illustrates one embodiment of the present of invention, and wherein air inlet blade 37 extends from sidewall 32 and 33 respectively, but does not wherein have single air inlet blade 37 to extend into the integral width of gas port 9.Effect in this case is four the circumferential adjacent annular arrays that form gas-entered passageway 39a-39b; The passage that wherein is close to each sidewall 32 and 33 has rectangular cross section, and passage 39b that between dividing plate 38, limits and 39c have conventional square cross section.
Fig. 8 d illustrates one embodiment of the present of invention, and wherein suction port blade 37 only extends across integral width half the of suction port 9, and in this case, it extends to central air induction mouth dividing plate 38b from sidewall 32.In this case, only have two annular arrays of gas-entered passageway 39a and 39b, and 39c and 39d each " array " substituted by single annular pass path 39c and 39d respectively.
Though single " on-bladed " the space 39d that has no blade or stride across its other structure can be set,, so its dividing plate that separates will be needed to support if two vaneless spaces (shown in Fig. 8 d) are set.This for example can be following form, and axially extended at least three little pillars are spaced apart between this central baffle and adjacent separator or sidewall around the turbo machine suction port.
The single vaneless space 19c of an axial end place of turbo machine suction port (promptly) can be very useful between the annular array of one of sidewall 32 or 33 and passage.When sleeve was open fully, through exposing the included vaneless space, the sphere of circulation of variable-geometry turbine can significantly increase.Choose wantonly, the comparable in the axial direction radially inner relief opening (not shown) of the radially outer suction port of the vaneless space is wideer.
The embodiment of accompanying drawing 8e and 8f also comprises at least one annular inlet passageway that has no blade.In the embodiment of Fig. 8 e, single suction port dividing plate 38 extends to suction port dividing plate 38 with blade 37 from sidewall 32, but does not extend to sidewall 33 from suction port dividing plate 38.This forms first annular array of adjacent air intake passage 39a and single annular inlet passageway 39b.Fig. 8 f is embodiment's shown in Fig. 8 e a extreme, example, wherein only has individual blade 37, it is shown extends to single suction port dividing plate 38 from sidewall 32.Though individual blade 37 only is shown at this, be appreciated that the radially relative blade of existence 37, in first annular array, there are two adjacent semicircle induction part 39a and axial adjacent single annular inlet passageway 39b like this.In practice, the present invention only need unlikely to be used to single application to radially relative blade 37.
In certain embodiments, have at least six blades, with the two ends close enough that assists in ensuring that blade to growing of can corresponding to reality together with cause too much gas friction.This also can help gas with mode vortex (for example around circumferential constant swirl angle) relatively uniformly, if be less than six blades then be difficult to realize above-mentioned.In certain embodiments, can there be at least 9 blades, preferred at least 12 blades, at least 14 blades of existence usually of existing.For instance, this turbo machine suction port can have 9-18 blade, is suitable for having about 13-16 blade and is suitable for having about 15-18 blade for very large motor-driven turbo machine for the turbo machine of very little turbosupercharger.
In some embodiments of the invention, the surface friction that is caused by dividing plate can reduce length of blade thus through the degree that extends axially that reduces dividing plate and blade and reduce.If be necessary or needs, lobe numbers can be increased so that increase " steadiness of blade ".
According to present available material, and the air pulsing and the temperature variation of expection, for example for application more of the present invention (for example heavy-duty engine turbocharger applications), circumferentially distributing nearly, 30 gas channels can be suitable.In other embodiments, for example for the light duty engine turbocharger applications, circumferentially distributing nearly, 40 gas channels can be suitable.For example for the fuel cell turbocharger applications, circumferentially distribute nearly 75 or above gas channel can be suitable (reason are lower delivery temperature and do not have air pulsing).For low temperature, low turbo machine pressure reduction, low gas flow rate and do not have air pulsing and the situation of temperature variation under for the very large turbo machine that moves, 100 gas channels that circumferentially distribute can be suitable.
Therefore circumferentially number can be generally between 8 and 100 for the gas channel that distributes (possible all section axial is overlapping at least).In other embodiments, can be between 12 and 100, or between 18 and 100 (perhaps be between 23 and 100, possibly be maybe can imagine between 26 and 100 30 to 100 between).According to one embodiment of present invention, two axial separated gas channel annular arrays can be provided, each annular array has 12 to 100 gas channels that circumferentially distribute.
For simplicity; This structure with the circumferential distributing gas passage of greater number is not shown; But it is exemplary should understanding said structure, and described principle has the circumferential distributing gas passage of greater number applicable to setting, optional between 18 and 100.
Therefore, should be appreciated that lobe numbers can be different with shown in Fig. 8 a-8f those.
Fig. 9 a to 9d illustrates the embodiment that blade 37 wherein extends across suction port 9 whole width, but at least one or a plurality of suction port dividing plate can only extend along partial-air admission mouth periphery.
Fig. 9 a illustrates the embodiment of the invention, and it comprises single suction port dividing plate 38 that extends across suction port 9 whole peripheries (in this case between sidewall 32 and 33) and suction port partition part 38a and the 38c (it extends across the integral width of suction port 9) that between other is to blade 37, extends.
The difference of Fig. 9 b illustrated embodiment and Fig. 9 a illustrated embodiment is to exist two dividing plate 38a and the 38d that extends along the whole periphery of suction port 9, but is divided at each the discontinuous partition part that other extends between to blade 37 at this dividing plate 38c.
Fig. 9 c illustrates an embodiment, wherein do not have the single suction port dividing plate that extends along the whole periphery of annular air scoop 9, but suction port dividing plate 38a-38c is included in the partition part of extending between the suction port blade 37 of phase adjacency pair.Shown in specific embodiment in, suction port partition part 38b is staggered on circumferentially with respect to suction port partition part 38a and 38c.Independent gas-entered passageway 39 is staggered in the axial direction, because between circumferentially adjacent passage 39, have axial overlap.
The embodiment of Fig. 9 d illustrates another instance of nozzle, and this nozzle does not comprise the single suction port dividing plate that extends along the whole periphery of annular air scoop 9.In addition, how different with the interval between the suction port partition part of extending between the adjacent pair of vanes interval that is illustrated between the suction port partition part of extending between a pair of blade of this embodiment is.
Fig. 8 and 9 embodiment have the conventional regular array of air intake passage 39.But there is no need is this situation.For example, Figure 10 schematically shows an embodiment, does not wherein have the single suction port dividing plate that extends along the whole periphery of annular air scoop, does not also have the single suction port blade that extends across the whole width of suction port.In this case, channel array is very irregular.In practice, this AD HOC possibly not be desirable especially, but comprises it so that obtainable according to some embodiments of the invention modification degree (problem that has the manufacturing industry applicability) is shown.
Be to be appreciated that above-mentioned each embodiment's of the present invention blade or cross section or the structure that blade-section can have any appropriate.For example, blade can have traditional relatively aerofoil profile structure.In the ordinary course of things, it can help guaranteeing that the front edge of each blade has the thickness increase of comparing with each blade rear edge.Any variation that the thickness of blade front edge increases for the reference angle of airflow strikes to the blade provides higher tolerance.That is to say, depend on the flow/pressure in the turbo machine volute, can change gas and will strike the direction on the blade.If gas strikes on the simple sheet structure with certain angle, it may cause flowing to inboard air-flow and separate with sheet structure and stay the vortex/turbulent region that significantly lowers efficiency.
In addition, should be appreciated that the structure of blade and/or arrange can be different, so that form the suction port flow channel 39 with required structure.For example, passage 39 is crooked but not normally favourable along basic straight line path.
In view of according to various possible alternative structure of the present invention, therefore can always can the suction port nozzle arrangements be regarded as comprising traditional discrete air inlet blade or even blade-section.Therefore similarly, may be not sure of each suction port dividing plate or partition part.On the contrary; Aspect widely, it possibly be more suitable in the present invention being regarded as relevant suction port nozzle arrangements, and this suction port nozzle arrangements can limit a plurality of discrete gas-entered passageways; Above-mentioned gas-entered passageway can be taked not isostructure, and can various mode arrange.Identical with the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3 to Figure 10, turbomachine injection nozzle comprises the gas-entered passageway annular array that at least two axially spaced-aparts are opened.In certain embodiments, single axially " array " in fact can comprise the gas-entered passageway that only makes progress in a week.Yet, in most of embodiments, expect that each annular array will comprise around the many gas-entered passageways of annular air scoop week upwards spaced apart (for example adjacent).
In any given embodiment of the present invention, can come to confirm the annular array of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway 39 in a different manner.For example, Figure 11 a to 11d illustrates the embodiment of Fig. 9 d, but can confirm the annular array that the axially spaced-apart of circumferential isolated passage 39 is opened in a different manner.For example, at first with reference to Figure 11 a, confirm the annular array of four inlet passage 39a to 39d.In this case, the gas-entered passageway 39a of first array has different axial widths, but adjacent one another are.Each gas-entered passageway 39b of second array has identical axial width, but interlocks (staggering) against each other, and always not adjacent one another are.The 3rd annular array of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway 39c is specified to has identical axial width and position, but not adjacent one another are.At last, the Fourth Ring shape array of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway 39d is corresponding to the first array 39a.
For any specific embodiment of the present invention, the plural disalignment that there is no need to confirm gas-entered passageway is to the spaced-apart ring-shaped array, even can have plural this type of array the time.For example, Figure 11 b illustrates only two annular arrays of isolated gas-entered passageway 39a and 39b.In this case, the gas-entered passageway in each annular array is relative to each other all non-conterminous on circumferential and axial.Two different annular array 39a and 39b at circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway shown in Figure 11 c.In this case, the gas-entered passageway 39a of the first array in fact gas-entered passageway 39b with second array is upwards adjacent in week, the overlapping axial spacing that obtains of the passage axial dimension through each array.That is to say that gas-entered passageway 39b has the axial width greater than gas-entered passageway 39a, at least a portion of each gas-entered passageway 39b and gas-entered passageway 39a axially spaced-apart are opened like this.At last, Figure 11 d illustrates the another kind of method of the annular array that two axially spaced-aparts confirming gas-entered passageway 39a and 39b open.In this case, passage 39a and 39b are axially adjacent each other, but the passage 39 of each array is upwards non-conterminous in week.
Should be appreciated that; Further possible different annular arrays according to gas-entered passageway of the present invention can be confirmed by the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 11 a-11d; And similar with other embodiments of the invention, can come to confirm the different annular arrays that the axially spaced-apart of gas-entered passageway is opened in a different manner.
To all embodiments of the present invention shown in Figure 11, each gas-entered passageway 39 has and is roughly rectilinear cross section according to Fig. 3.Yet the cross section part that substitutes also is possible, such as picture in the rhombus or the hexagonal transverse cross section that limit suction port sidewall 50 shown in Figure 12 and 13.These are instances of embodiment, wherein not necessarily suitably arbitrarily single suction port sidewall 50 be regarded as the suction port dividing plate that constitutes traditional blade or be different from inlet vane.Yet under each situation, nozzle arrangements clearly comprises a plurality of gas-entered passageways 39.A kind of method of the different annular arrays of opening at two axially spaced-aparts confirming circumferential isolated passage 39a and 39b shown in Figure 12 or 13.In each embodiment of these embodiments, upwards adjacent one another are in week at the gas-entered passageway of determined each annular array.Another characteristics of these embodiments are, stride across the adjacent annular array that the suction port axially spaced-apart opens and overlap each other to a certain extent.That is to say a part of axial overlap of the part of the independent gas-entered passageway 39b of each of second annular array and each gas-entered passageway 39a of first annular array.It is believed that this nozzle arrangements will further relax any tendency of turbine efficiency, so that have " by the rank " characteristics that have various inlet mouth size.
Striding across the adjacent annular array that the suction port axially spaced-apart opens overlaps each other with other a kind of mode.That is to say a part of axial overlap of the part of the independent gas-entered passageway 39b of each of second annular array and each gas-entered passageway 39a of first annular array.It is believed that this nozzle arrangements will further relax any tendency of turbine efficiency, so that have " by the rank " characteristics that have various inlet mouth size.
Figure 14 and 15 illustrates the embodiment identical with Figure 12 and 13, but the distinct methods of the annular array that the axially spaced-apart of confirming gas-entered passageway 39a and 39b opens is shown.In this case, confirm in each embodiment that axially spaced-apart is opened but two of axial overlap gas-entered passageway annular arrays not.
Be to be appreciated that once more; The accurate structure of gas-entered passageway is controlled through the wall that limits above-mentioned structure, and it is different nozzle arrangements to be designed to the structure of other gas-entered passageway in structure that the various inlet passage in nozzle arrangements has and the same nozzle arrangements." honey-comb type " embodiment's shown in Figure 12 shown in Figure 16 and 13 modification for example.According to this embodiment, suction port sidewall 50 same qualifications are roughly hexagonal gas-entered passageway 39, but in this case, array is a little somewhat irregular.A kind of ad hoc approach of the instance of confirming gas-entered passageway 30a that two axially spaced-aparts are opened and 39b is shown.Be to be appreciated that through for example taking to be similar to and confirm the gas-entered passageway annular array that alternate intervals is opened about the above-mentioned method of Figure 11 a to 11d.
At Fig. 3 to shown in Figure 16 and above-mentioned all embodiments of the present invention; Nozzle arrangements comprises a plurality of gas-entered passageways; Above-mentioned gas-entered passageway comprises respectively and isolated at least one gas-entered passageway of other two gas-entered passageway circumferential and axial, or in fact with each isolated at least one gas-entered passageways of circumferential and axial all of other two gas-entered passageways.Above-mentioned interval is so so that at least some passages are adjacent one another are, and between at least some passages, can exist axial and/or circumferential overlapping.A kind of alternate manner of expressing this relation be shown in each embodiment of the invention in; Can confirm first pair of gas-entered passageway of circumferentially spaced apart (and maybe be adjacent and/or circumferentially overlapping (or staggered)), and can confirm that axially spaced-apart opens second pair of gas-entered passageway of (and maybe adjacent and/or circumferentially overlapping (or staggered)).According to how confirming above-mentioned paired gas-entered passageway, possibly only need three passages to limit above-mentioned two pairs of gas-entered passageways in some cases, wherein first and second pairs of shared gas-entered passageways.
For example, Figure 17 shows the foregoing description shown in Figure 13 and 15.With reference to Figure 12, first gas-entered passageway 60 and second gas-entered passageway 61 are circumferentially spaced apart and open with the 3rd gas-entered passageway 62 axially spaced-aparts.In this case, passage is adjacent one another are.Similarly, single gas-entered passageway 63 is circumferentially spaced apart and open with gas-entered passageway 65 axially spaced-aparts with gas-entered passageway 64.Non-conterminous at this passage.For example gas-entered passageway 60 and 61 can be regarded as and comprise first pair of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway (and rely on its axial overlap and axially spaced-apart open); And gas-entered passageway 60 and 62 can be regarded as the second pair of gas-entered passageway that comprises that axially spaced-apart is opened, wherein above-mentioned first and second pairs of shared single gas-entered passageways 60.Similarly; For example gas-entered passageway 63 and 64 can be regarded as and comprise circumferentially spaced apart but non-first pair of adjacent gas-entered passageway; And gas-entered passageway 63 and 65 can be regarded as and comprises that axially spaced-apart opens second pair of gas-entered passageway of (and also circumferentially spaced apart in this case), above-mentioned in this case first and second pairs of shared single gas-entered passageways 63.Alternative, for example gas-entered passageway 60 and 63 can be regarded as and comprise first pair of circumferential isolated gas-entered passageway, and gas-entered passageway 64 and 65 can be regarded as the gas-entered passageway that comprises that second pair of axially spaced-apart opened.
With reference to Figure 18 to 20, these illustrate the view of embodiments of the invention, and it comprises that axial cross section is usually respectively corresponding to the array of " rhombus " gas-entered passageway 39 of Fig. 7 a, 7b and 7d.It is inwardly gradually thin that it illustrates nozzle, comprises along with radius reduces and the various inlet passage 39 that narrows down.Should be appreciated that same method can take for example at the Hexagon gas-entered passageway array shown in Figure 13 and 15.
More general, should be appreciated that the structure of gas-entered passageway 39 can notable change between embodiments of the invention.For example, gas-entered passageway 39 can have with respect to the scanning forward of the greater or lesser degree of the sense of rotation of turbine wheel 5, so that cause the more or less vortex in the charge air flow.The degree of scanning (or swirl angle) can be along the length change of gas-entered passageway.Different gas-entered passageways can have different swirl angles.For example, all gas-entered passageways of a gas-entered passageway annular array can have identical swirl angle, but can be different with the swirl angle of another gas-entered passageway annular array (for example adjacent).
In addition, it is constant cross sectional area that indivedual (independent or different) gas-entered passageway 39 can have along its length, or it can be gradually thin, or for example it can narrow down and then swim over to above that between the two ends, downstream and expand.For example the cross-section area at gas-entered passageway suction port place can be logical to another kind of size and/or shape in its exhaust ports from a kind of size and/or change of shape.For example shape of cross section can be rhombus or hexagon at its suction port place, and gradually becomes more rectangular or foursquare shape in its exhaust ports.
In some embodiments of the invention, suitable is to make gas-entered passageway 39 be limited to the radial plane, for example roughly is equal to known turbosupercharger designs of nozzles, and it comprises straight shape blade, and promptly above-mentioned blade is positioned on the plane that comprises turbo-charger shaft.
With reference to Figure 18, for example, as previously mentioned, along with moving axially of sleeve 30, the size of suction port 9 also changes.The gas-entered passageway 39 of nozzle has two gas channels (in use it inwardly is substantially gas radially towards the turbine wheel guiding) that are substantially radially.These two gas channels 39 that are substantially radially upwards were spaced apart from each other in week; And be arranged such that each gas channel 39 has an opening; This aperture arrangement becomes the single cylindrical shaft that is roughly can move axially through gas channel to sliding sleeve, and optionally closes at least a portion of opening.Sliding sleeve also can be closed each opening in two gas channels 39 substantially.Each opening of gas channel 39 is overlapping on axial direction.When sleeve was in primary importance, sleeve can be closed at least a portion of first opening of two openings, and second opening of two openings can't help sleeve blocking-up and unblocked fully basically.For example, sleeve can make second opening of two openings be exposed to the air inlet volute fully.In the second place of sleeve, sleeve part is at least closed first and second openings.
Though in a sense; For example " rhombus " shown in Figure 12 and 13 and " cellular " structure there is no need to be regarded as and comprise traditional blade; Or the clear dividing plate of differentiating, but in fact it can make up this nozzle arrangements by the discrete suction port dividing plate of suitable constructions.For example, Figure 21 illustrates how to come together to make up the structure that schematically shows among Figure 13 through axial adjacent dividing plate is pressed onto, and marks four 78a-78d wherein in the drawings.Each of these dividing plates is annular, but along the line of " wavy washer " at the corrugate that makes progress in week, and aim at (staggered on circumferentially) with " out-phase ", between adjacent separator, limit hexagonal gas-entered passageway 39 like this.
If the ripple of each dividing plate strictly radially extends, then each gas-entered passageway 39 will extend along radius.Yet,, can limit the similar gas-entered passageway that scans forward 39 through making ripple scan forward with respect to circumferential direction.Above-mentioned at Figure 22 a to shown in the 22d.Figure 22 a illustrates seven dividing plates in the dividing plate 80, and aforementioned barriers is provided with helical corrugation before in being assembled into nozzle arrangements.In order to form final nozzle, can dividing plate 80 be forced together and mutually combine through any suitable mode.Figure 22 b is the cross section through a turbosupercharger part, and wherein final nozzle arrangements keeps original position.Figure 22 c is the end elevation around the nozzle arrangements of turbine wheel 5 of looking along turbo-charger shaft 4m, and Figure 22 d is for example corresponding to the axial cross section of Figure 18.
Be to be appreciated that and carry out various modification to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22 a to 22d.For example, ripple or wave can be taked various forms, comprise sinusoidal and diagonal or " V " shape, or are suitable for limiting any other shape of the required structure of gas-entered passageway 39.In addition; According to illustrated embodiment; Each dividing plate 80 is a fluxion structure; But in other embodiments, hope that dividing plate with non-corrugated (wavy) (for example radially proper) is placed between one or more pairs of wavy spacers so that change the structure of gas-entered passageway 39 and stride across some axial position of suction port.Similarly, indivedual (independent or different) wavy spacer 80 can be pressed onto together in the following manner, makes area of contact between the dividing plate 80 be greater than or less than those shown in Figure 16 to 17, thereby changes the structure of gas-entered passageway equally.In fact, the radius that area of contact can stride across nozzle arrangements limits gas-entered passageway 39, and it has corresponding difference (variation) cross sectional area.
Exist and to be used for various possibilities that dividing plate is combined.For example dividing plate can be welded in together (for example use silver brazing or be suitable in the turbo machine suction port, standing other soldering of high temperature), or adjacent separator can be provided with cooperating structure, such as the projection and the recess of complementation.Alternative, dividing plate can be spoted weld together.For the appropriate technology personnel of related domain and explained other suitable preparation method.
According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22 a to 22d, adjacent separator is aimed at anti-phase, and each other dividing plate 70 is directly aimed at.This will form cellular structure, and wherein axially adjacent gas-entered passageway 39 is accurately aimed at along turbo-charger shaft.But; Through in each continuous dividing plate shown in figure 23, introducing circumferential a little departing from; Axially adjacent gas-entered passageway 39 can suchly shown in line 90 upwards stagger in week, line 90 is shown has a certain degree with dotted line 91, and dotted line 91 is parallel to turbo-charger shaft.For example when sleeve is in the open position, above-mentionedly can be used for the high cycle fatigue that part is alleviated turbine bucket.
In certain embodiments, dividing plate can be annular usually, and has the surface (surface that is promptly limited the hyperbolic-parabolic surface portion usually) that is roughly hyperbolic-parabolic.Usually hyperbolic-parabolic is called and has saddle type.In the Cartesian geometry system of coordinates, can limit one type hyperbolic-parabolic through following equation:
x = x 2 a 2 - y 2 b 2 .
X wherein, y and z are three-dimensional Descartes's right angled coordinatess, and a and b are constants.In some cases, a and b can have roughly the same value.Hyperbolic-parabolic or " saddle " shape dividing plate can comprise the angle of any number, edge or be positioned at the summit above or below the dividing plate principal plane.Though this dividing plate is taked four this angles usually, edge or summit, as required, it can take other number arbitrarily, such as six, eight or more.
Figure 24 illustrates a kind of replacing method, be used to form and essentially identical cellular structure shown in Figure 21, but it forms by single helical baffle structure 100, rather than is become by for example as shown in Figure 21 different annular shelf-shaped.
For example as shown in Figure 16 structure also can be processed by wavy spacer, but has the structure that is limited so that form the more honey-comb shape array of " irregular " as shown in the figure.In this case; And return with reference to Figure 16; For example through will be in figure three heteroid toroidal membranes shown in the thick line (wherein two mirror image) each other be pressed onto together or otherwise combine wall 50 is set; It illustrates three adjacent one another are depressing of dividing plate, and the wall 33 of the contiguous suction port 9 of the 4th dividing plate.
Shown in Figure 25 a and 25b, some circulation passages can be blocked so that adjust corresponding to the efficient in the zone of some suction port width.For example be blocked in the part hexagonal channels at nozzle axial end portion place shown in Figure 25 a and the 25b.Under the situation of Figure 25 b, when these passages were exposed to the air inlet fluid, the axial width of passage reduced in these zones, the above-mentioned vibration that helps to reduce on the blade.
No matter structure or its construction method of nozzle assembly (the for example assembly of blade/dividing plate or " cellular " structure); The surface that limit to change gas-entered passageway and/or sleeve through suction port gas flow paths size part at least is coated with the suitable catalyst that is used for oxidation flue dust under the high temperature of turbo machine operation, so as to help to prevent flue dust on nozzle surface deposition and gather.
Those skilled in the art should be appreciated that various method can be used for constructing other details according to nozzle assembly of the present invention and inlet structure.For example, under the situation of cellular structure, nozzle assembly can be formed by discrete portion's section structure.Above-mentioned section can limit one or more gas-entered passageways.These sections can be of similar shape or different shapes.In certain embodiments, the mode that above-mentioned section can end-to-end was upwards arranged so that form cellular structure in week.Alternative, above-mentioned these accessories of section can intersect or inlay so that form the annular portion of nozzle assembly.
For example; Each embodiment in the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 a-4b, 7a-7d, 18-20 and the 22a-22d illustrates the turbo machine inlet structure; Its middle sleeve 30 slides around the external diameter of nozzle arrangements, and sleeve plays the effect of swimming end place blocking-up/opening gas-entered passageway above that like this.Yet in alternate embodiment of the present invention, cylindrical sleeve can be positioned on the internal diameter of nozzle, and gas-entered passageway 39 opened and sealed to cylindrical sleeve can in the downstream end of its contiguous turbine wheel like this.For example, Figure 26 a to 26c is illustrated in the modification of the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 a-4b, and the sleeve of wherein having revised 130 slides across the gas-entered passageway 9 in gas-entered passageway 39 downstream, and it slides between nozzle and turbine wheel like this.Other details of this embodiment of the present invention basic with about shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 a-4b and described those are basic identical, and can use identical reference character when suitable.Unique evident difference be adaptive diameter reduce sleeve 130 necessary those, that promptly reorientates one of two nozzle rings is designated as those of nozzle ring 132, and strut 31 is connected to its flange 130a.Concrete, be to be appreciated that each and aforesaid all modification of as implied above and described various nozzle arrangements can be included in its middle sleeve 130 in the embodiment of the invention that the inner radius of suction port nozzle is located around turbine wheel.
In some embodiments of the invention, two sleeves in axial sliding are provided advantageously, it comprises along first sleeve and second cylindrical sleeve that is positioned at the gas-entered passageway inner radius of the external diameter location of gas-entered passageway.In this case; First and second sleeves can have the same radial that strides across suction port 9 width and extend degree; Or farther in comparable another extension of at least one two sleeve in position; In this position, the whole axial width of annular air scoop is swum over to its downstream opening from it can be different like this.Two sleeves can be connected to together (or being integral), so that activate as a unit, perhaps are provided with independently and activate.
Sleeve 30 is shown the above-described embodiment of the invention and the 130 bearing support sides from turbine wheel extend across annular air scoop 9.In other embodiments of the invention, sleeve can extend across annular air scoop 9 from the turbine casing side of turbine wheel.In other words, sleeve and actuating mechanism can be contained in the turbine cylinder rather than bearing support in.Instance in this embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 27 a and 27b, 28a and the 28b.
Can help alleviating the high cycle fatigue of turbine bucket from turbine pusher side actuating sleeve, because sleeve when almost being closed, only exposes an annular inlet passageway.When sleeve when the turbo machine side seal closes, close towards the bearing support side and towards the rear portion of turbine wheel so usually, this moment, turbine bucket was supported at the turbo machine back side more firmly.
Though yet should also be noted that and on a side, final controlling element to be set that it is arranged to from opposite side via one or more pillars (generally at least two, generally three will be necessary) pulling sleeve.Therefore, actuator can be in the bearing support, and is connected to the sleeve in the turbine cylinder through some " pull bar " (not shown)." pull bar " is towards bearing support pulling sleeve, with the blocking-up suction port.Alternative, actuator can be in the turbine cylinder and be connected to sleeve through " pull bar ", from bearing support towards turbine cylinder layback moving sleeve, to block suction port.Not shown these embodiments, partly cause is for the sake of brevity, partly cause is because it can preferably be arranged at actuator and sleeve on the same side of annular turbine machine suction port usually.
Pull bar hopes above-mentioned pull bar was upwards aimed at blade in week if desired, and for example along some blades (for example three groups of axial separated blades) edge (for example radially outward edge), above-mentioned blade possibly be the blade of circumferential alignment (being noninterlace).
One of the tie system (not shown) maybe advantage be that it can help sleeve around nozzle alignment (because extra axial length of sleeve system), thereby prevents and formation is blocked.The Another reason of carrying out tie system is to obtain the benefit that bearing support activates, and also alleviates simultaneously by the high cycle fatigue of sleeve from the moving turbine bucket that causes of turbo machine sideslip.
At first with reference to Figure 27 a and 27b, nozzle assembly is represented by reference character 34 usually, and can be taked above-mentioned arbitrary form and alternative form thereof.Significant difference between the embodiment of the embodiment of Figure 27 a and 27b and for example Fig. 3 is that cylindrical sleeve 230 is installed in the chamber 240, and this chamber 240 is limited in the turbine cylinder 1 but not in the bearing support 3.Because sleeve 230 is positioned above-mentioned different position, it breaks away from the turbine pusher side to bearing support to move and strides across suction port 9 like this, and the mode of installation and actuating sleeve is similar to the mode shown in Fig. 3 very much.That is to say that sleeve 230 is installed on the guide rod 241 that is linked to actuator yoke 243, this guide rod 241 is successively by comprising that gas, hydraulic pressure and electronic various multi-form actuator activate.Shown in instance in, guide rod 241 is slidably supported in the axle bush 244.Nozzle assembly 34 comprises first nozzle ring 232, and it limits the first side wall of suction port 9; And second nozzle ring 233, the annular groove 240 of suction port 9 is led in its sealing, limits second sidewall of suction port 9 thus.O-ring seal 107 is arranged to respect to nozzle ring 233 seal sleeves 230.Should be appreciated that the others in this embodiment of the invention, moved will be basic with its middle sleeve 30 of the present invention from identical aspect those of the foregoing description of bearing support side actuating.Concrete, gas-entered passageway 39 will work with roughly the same mode.
With reference to Figure 28 a and 28b, these illustrate embodiment's shown in Figure 27 a and the 27b modification, and its middle sleeve 330 is positioned on the internal diameter of nozzle assembly 34 rather than on the external diameter.In this particular example, nozzle assembly 34 is between the sidewall 332 of housing 1 and the sidewall 332 faced, and this sidewall of facing 332 is positioned at opposite side and its closed ring chamber 240 of annular air scoop 9, and guide rod 241 is slidably supported in the annular cavity 240.Same at this, sleeve 330 activates through the actuator that relies on yoke 243 to be linked to any appropriate of sleeve.In this embodiment, chamber 240 seals with respect to annular air scoop 9 through the seal ring 334 that is supported on annular construction member 335 internal diameters.
As stated, other embodiments of the invention can comprise two parallel sleeves, and one is positioned on the internal diameter and another is positioned on the external diameter, and above-mentioned sleeve can be arranged and be controlled to and move together or move independently of one another, and can have different length.
Can make various modification to the structure of sleeve.For example, Figure 29 a and 29c illustrate sleeve 30 free-ended three kinds possible differently contoured.Wherein the sleeve 30 of Figure 29 a has square end, and the free end of sleeve 30 is flexible, or in addition streamlined with shown in Figure 29 b and 29c other.When gas was flowed through sleeve through the open portion of suction port 9, this can improve aerodynamic efficiency.
Figure 30 a and 30b illustrate two kinds of being suitable for sleeve 30 possibly arrange that it comprises contiguous sleeve 30 free-ended piston type seal rings 100, thus prevent gas sleeve 30 and according to of the present invention usually by the nozzle array of reference character 101 signs.It is above-mentioned according to any possibly structure of the present invention to be to be appreciated that nozzle assembly 101 can have.The free end that should also be appreciated that sleeve 30 for example can be like the structure shown in Figure 29 b and the 29c (and if be in the nozzle inside diameter place, can be opposite profile, promptly be positioned on its external diameter).Can take this shape and such as other shape of radial ridges (not shown), so as to change the aerodynamic efficiency of turbo machine or change that sleeve stands axially or radial air power.
Referring now to Figure 31; Illustrate according to the preferred embodiment of the invention and to adopt the viewgraph of cross-section of the turbo machine of the layout of sleeve 401 and dividing plate/blade in axial sliding; Wherein blade 402 so be provided with so that its radially inward edge 403 (promptly; Limit the blade surface of dividing plate/blade structure relief opening) compare axial overlap with less (or minimum) with its radially outer edge 404 (that is, limiting the blade surface of suction port) to dividing plate/blade structure.
Figure 32 a and 32b are the perspective view and the side views of the dividing plate/blade structure of other alternative according to the present invention, in the time of in it is installed in the annular air scoop that leads to turbo machine, suction port are separated at least two gas-entered passageways that axially depart from of axial overlap.
Figure 33 and 34 remains the perspective view of the dividing plate/blade structure of other alternative according to the present invention, in the time of in it is installed in the annular air scoop that leads to turbo machine, suction port is separated at least two gas-entered passageways that axially depart from of axial overlap.
Also possibly carry out moulding or chamfering so that make and to operate steadily, and alleviate the possibility that dividing plate for example blocks sleeve the opposite side (being the edge of contact nozzle) of sleeve.
In addition; Be to be appreciated that; These possibilities that are included in shown in Figure 29 a-29c, 25a and the 25b those are applicable to sleeve, no matter whether it is installed in the turbine casing side of bearing support or nozzle, and no matter whether it is installed on internal diameter or the external diameter of nozzle or on both.
The configurable one-tenth of nozzle arrangements according to the present invention provides different efficiency for the different suction port width diverse location of one or more sleeves (that is, corresponding to).For example, as described in the above about Fig. 3 to 6 embodiment, it is spaced apart that dividing plate can stride across the non-equalization of axial width of suction port.When sleeve can move to the position between partition position, and to compare between the dividing plate that two relative tight spacings are opened, the efficient of the midway between two sparsely spaced relatively dividing plates of opening is lower.The ability of regulating nozzle efficiency with this mode has plurality of applications.
For example, turbosupercharged engine can have exhaust flow path, so that waste gas is turned back in the engine intake.This system is commonly referred to as " exhaust gas recirculation " system or egr system.Egr system is designed to through EGR gas part so that burning reduces the particulate emission from motor again, and this is normally necessary to satisfy the Abgasgesetz of increasingly stringent.The waste gas of recirculation introduced can require in " short-circuit line " egr system, to exist the exhaust manifold pressure that raises in the suction port air-flow that boosts, wherein EGR gas through arriving engine intake, and does not arrive turbosupercharged engine from waste gas.
Variable geometry turbocharger can be used for helping waste gas to be elevated to the required pressure of recirculation, so that improve " back pressure " in the waste gas of turbine upstream.When using variable geometry turbocharger by this way, have been found that it helps being reduced in the operational efficiency of the turbo machine of some suction port breadth.According to the present invention through make up nozzle (for example, that the suction port dividing plate is spaced apart) can realize above-mentioned, gas-entered passageway 39 wide especially (axially) in the zone of the middle of stroke position of sleeve like this.For example; Between two dividing plates with suitable width location, for sleeve, there is the position of a series of relative poor efficiencys, corresponding usually dividing plate in pairs is in 1/3rd to 2/3rds open positions; And, can select partition position that fallback is provided when whole suction port surpasses when half-open.When sleeve is open fully, or when virtually completely or almost completely closing, this intentional poor efficiency of formation can not have any appreciable impact for the efficient of nozzle.
This might realize by " honeycomb " according to the present invention formula nozzle arrangements similar effects, through guaranteeing that gas-entered passageway 39 is in the nozzle that is reduced to zero suction port width around the nozzle assembly mid point or corresponding to the efficient bigger maximum axial width that has of other axial position arbitrarily.
In some embodiments of the invention, closing corresponding to sleeve or relatively in the suction port zone of closed position, it has to be beneficial to reduces the clapboard spacing axial dimension of gas-entered passageway 39 (or otherwise increase).That is to say, use and to help dividing plate more closely is arranged into together near the complete closed position for the dividing plate of determined number.For any dividing plate of giving determined number, the efficient when this may increase sleeve and is in the relative closure position.
Can carry out various other modification to some embodiment of the present invention.For example, sleeve can be provided with one or more other holes, and when sleeve was in sealing or " excessively sealing " position, above-mentioned other hole only was exposed to the air-flow through suction port." too sealing " position be considered to sleeve wherein move axially exceed block fully suction port those positions of necessary position.Other hole for example can allow waste gas flow out through sleeve towards the turbo machine suction port, towards the turbo machine in its suction port downstream (for example; Via the turbine air guide sleeve) or even the downstream flow of turbo machine and fully bypass through so that increase the EGT in turbo machine downstream; It helps the flue dust that oxidation downstream particulate filter is collected, so that filter regeneration.In other is used, can through allow sleeve move to " too sealing " thus the position open alternative gas flow paths and obtain other favourable aerodynamics effect.
Similarly; In some embodiments of the invention; Advantageously sleeve is movable to " too open " position exposing by-pass gas, and when sleeve moves through its normal range of operation so that during the size of control suction port, above-mentioned by-pass gas is open usually.Such bypass channel can for example provide the wastegate function, and this function can increase effective flow range of turbo machine.For example, bypass channel comprises one or more other holes, and it is formed at and extends in the inboard barrel surface of sliding sleeve (for example, as the extension of leading to sleeve).This layout is particularly suitable for the sleeve that the turbine pusher side is installed.In alternative arrangement, sleeve moves to " too open " position can expose the perforate that is arranged in the turbine cylinder, thereby opens bypass flow path.This layout is particularly suitable for being installed in the sleeve of suction port bearing support side.Bypass arrangement such as in US7207176, disclosing is applicable to embodiments of the invention.
Should be appreciated that though about the turbo machine of turbosupercharger the embodiment of the invention is described, the present invention is not limited to be applied to turbosupercharger, but can be attached in the turbo machine of miscellaneous equipment.This alternative unrestricted instance comprises the electric turbine machine, steam turbine and combustion gas turbine.At turbo machine is that turbosupercharger can be the part of turbo charged internal-combustion engine among the embodiment of a turbosupercharger part, such as picture ignition by compression (diesel oil) motor, or gasoline direct (GDi) motor.These application comprise a plurality of turbosupercharger, and it comprises according to turbo machine of the present invention.Other possible application comprises fuel cell turbosupercharger or turbo machine.
Can comprise exhaust valve according to turbo machine of the present invention, it can be independent of sleeve (or a plurality of sleeve) and control.Can use the conventional design of wastegate.
In one or more turbo machines of turbine arrangement that the present invention can be used for multistage (rank).For example, according to radial inflow turbo machine of the present invention can with radially or the second axial turbine stage combine.Multistage turbo machine can be installed on the same turbine shaft.Can be included in the turbosupercharger of a plurality of turbo charge systems equally according to turbo machine of the present invention.For example, the turbosupercharger of serial or parallel connection layout can comprise according to turbo machine of the present invention.
Also can be used for producing electric energy (for example at automotive system) according to turbo machine of the present invention; Or can be used for (being specially adapted in the automotive applications equally in the residual neat recovering system; For example the auxiliary fluid such as water or refrigerant liquid boils through low stage motor/used heat, and expands so that drive turbo machine).Auxiliary fluid even can be the described pressurized air of brayton cycle.
Turbo machine suction port volute can be the volute that is separated out.For example, known can providing has the turbocharger turbine that is separated into more than the volute of a chamber, and each volute chamber is connected to not cylinder on the same group.In this case, above-mentioned separating part normally is divided into the annular wall in the volute of axial adjacent portion with volute.Can also upwards separate volute in week, the different curved portions of volute are sent to gas in the different curved portions of turbo machine suction port like this.
Utilized single fluid volute that turbo machine of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings; But it also is applicable to axial separated housing; Be guided in one of volute of being separated out from the gas of one or more cylinders of motor thus, and be guided in the different volutes from the gas of one or more other cylinders.Also maybe be with turbine shroud along circumferentially separating so that a plurality of circumferential separated volutes are provided, or even turbine shroud separated at circumferential and axial.
But should axial or circumferential separated volute be distinguished with the separated gas-entered passageway of axial and circumferential of the present invention mutually.For example, latter's (gas-entered passageway) relates to nozzle arrangements, and it is arranged such that the waste gas that receives from volute adds the flow speed and direction turbo machine, and when it quickens, randomly adjusts or the swirl angle of control gaseous.Though can be the gas-entered passageway of straight shape in principle, they all are crooked usually, so that the swirl angle of effective control gaseous.Gas-entered passageway also can be distinguished with separated volute mutually, because the former (gas-entered passageway) receives the gas from volute (or separated volute), and gas is divided into the path array.Comparatively speaking, separated volute receives the gas from exhaust manifold, and receives the gas from the motor difference cylinder usually, so that keep being opened by independent engine cylinder the airspeed of the gas pulses that incident causes.Like this, separated volute is sent to annular air scoop with gas, and gas-entered passageway of the present invention is accepted the gas from volute.
It is possible that the present invention combines axial separated spiral case.In this embodiment, one or more dividing plates of axially separating gas-entered passageway will be different with one or more walls of axially separating spiral case usually.
It is possible that the present invention combines circumferential separated spiral case.The wall that is divided into two circumferential isolated spiral cases can extend radially inwardly, so that further as one of blade (being arranged to the inner radius operation of sliding sleeve at gas-entered passageway equally).Alternative, this spiral case partition wall can extend radially inwardly and contiguous sliding sleeve, and sleeve is at the radially inner side of spiral case partition wall like this, rather than the outside of gas-entered passageway.This being furnished with is beneficial to the airspeed loss that alleviates in the gas pulses that in single spiral case turbo machine, is experienced, and helps to guide sliding sleeve, thereby to alleviate the possibility that its misalignment that becomes is blocked.
The present invention has been carried out common description about the radial inflow turbo machine.Yet, there is no need to be restricted to the radial plane fully with flowing, can carry out the suction port of appropriate taper on the contrary.In addition, the present invention can be applicable to " mixed flow " turbo machine, thus the taper suction port in up to the zone of 45 degree or turbine cylinder axially be divided in the zone more than a spiral case and had cone angle, each has mixed flow direction in various degree.For example a spiral case can have the suction port in the radial plane substantially, and second spiral case can have the suction port that in 45 degree zones, extends backward.The present invention may be used on one or two spiral case of this embodiment.
At present invention can be applicable in the situation of axial separated turbine cylinder, one of them spiral case axially is incorporated into turbo machine with gas, and another spiral case radial directed gas, or at the intermediate angle place gas is directed to turbo machine.
The present invention also is applicable to two (or many) rank turbo machine.Therefore, it can be applicable to the multistage phase I, and this stage is radial inflow stage (or combined flow turbine stage), and has one or more additional phase, such as axial turbo machine stage and/or exhaust steam turbine stage radially.
As stated, the present invention can be implemented as at least one or some the geometrical shape that changes axial separated spiral case turbo machine.In fact, it can provide two variable-geometry mechanisms as described herein, and it utilizes two sliding sleeves, so that change flowing of two axial separated spiral cases independently.
The present invention can combine such as at US4557665, US5868552, the slip variable-geometry turbine of the prior art mechanism described in the US6931849.Also can be provided with in addition on the for example columniform sliding wall and radially slide wall.Cylindrical sliding wall is used to change the number of the gas-entered passageway that is exposed, and the slip radial wall is used to change the span of second group of gas-entered passageway, and second group of gas-entered passageway is in different radially extension degree with other gas-entered passageway.The another kind of mode that the present invention is combined in the slip variable-geometry turbine mechanism of existing technology is to carry out two types variable-geometry mechanisms in two different spiral cases at axial separated spiral case turbo machine.The third mode of carrying out the combination of these mechanisms is that they are arranged on the different turbo machines of a plurality of turbine systems, such as two stage turbosupercharger.
The present invention can combine such as carrying out in the oscillating vane variable-geometry mechanisms described in US6779971 or the US2008118349.Realize that above-mentioned a kind of possible mode provides the oscillating vane array, each blade has special spacers (for example circular), itself and toroidal membrane flush arrangement.Toroidal membrane has enough gaps so that allow blade between predetermined angle, to rotate.Sliding sleeve as described herein can allow to slide into the inboard or the outside of toroidal membrane.There are some technological challenges in this design, therefore preferably makes the oscillating vane array be positioned at the radially inner side or the radial outside of axial separated gas-entered passageway array as described herein, but above-mentioned advantage is to have to compare less cost.With the present invention combine with the oscillating vane system the 3rd and can mode be that the two suction ports with oscillating vane array (axial separated spiral case) turbo machine is arranged in the spiral case, and sliding sleeve as herein described and axial separated dividing plate are arranged in second spiral case.The 4th and possibility even better mode that the present invention is combined with the oscillating vane system a system (for example are; In twin turbocharged engine system) in two turbo machines are set (for example; Two turbines increase device); One of them has the oscillating vane turbo machine, and another is according to turbo machine of the present invention.
Described in this article axial separated gas channel and sliding sleeve also can combine as carrying out in " unsteady flow turbo machine " described in JP10008977 design; In these designs; " unsteady flow turbo machine " has the curtain coating of inner main spiral case and outside (or axially adjacent under rare occasion) " spiral case; its inlet is controlled by the valve that shape is similar to conventional flapper valve or exhaust gas by-pass valve, and the present invention can realize changing the cross-section area that turns back to the flow path of inner spiral case from outside spiral case.This can alleviate outside spiral case and have the demand of this valve at its suction port place.Alternative/other, the present invention can realize leading to the cross-sectional flow area of the inside spiral case of turbo machine.In addition/alternative, the present invention also can implement in many turbine systems (or many turbosupercharger), and one is shown as turbo machine of the present invention, and another is shown as like JP10008977 described " unsteady flow turbo machine ".
The above-mentioned instance of having discussed the mechanism that is used to activate the suction port sleeve, but be to be appreciated that and can other mechanism be applied to different embodiments of the invention and application when suitable.
The volute tongue stretcher that can be combined in the circumferential slip described in the DE102007058246 according to turbomachine injection nozzle of the present invention is carried out.
A plurality of spiral case turbine cylinders that can be combined into asymmetric housing according to turbomachine injection nozzle of the present invention are carried out, and one of them spiral case is greater than another spiral case.Dividing plate between the spiral case may or maybe not can extend in the ring nozzle.
Can launch according to turbine nozzle of the present invention and also activate second equipment, the variable-geometry mechanisms of for example different turbo machines, the relief valve that boosts, or the compressor means of variable-geometry.
(for example can be combined in fluid-film bearing according to turbine nozzle of the present invention; Sending oil) axle of going up operation carries out; And can be combined in rolling element bearing (being ball bearing) and go up the axle of operation and carry out, but also be possible such as other bearing of aerostatic bearing, pneumatic bearing or magnetic bearing.
Can realize drive motor according to turbine nozzle of the present invention.For example, it can drive the axle that supports turbo machine, compressor and generator.Generator can be between compressor and turbo machine, and perhaps it can especially cross compressor in the axial outside of compressor.
Can combine double-walled or other adiabatic turbine agent housing to combine to carry out according to turbine nozzle of the present invention.Alternative or other, turbine cylinder for example can be cooled off by water-cooled.Alternative or other, turbine cylinder can be provided with non-metallic layer, for example insulating ceramics or aramid fibre or fire-retardant substituting fiber.
In addition, the material according to turbine nozzle of the present invention (or in fact sliding sleeve) can be pottery, ceramet, alternative metals.If metal, metal can be a steel arbitrarily, or nickel-base alloy, such as inconel.Can be provided with coating, for example on the sliding interface of nozzle and sleeve, possibly have diamond like carbon coating, anodized coating, or Si Taili (tribaloy) coating or alternative wear resistant coating.Aerodynamic surface can be provided with and promote smoothness or corrosion resistant coating.This coating can comprise non-deposited coatings, such as plasma electrolysis oxidation layer or alternative coating.Choose wantonly, nozzle or sleeve can be provided with the sensor (such as pressure, temperature, vibration or velocity transducer) that can be integrated transducer.This sensor need with other metal parts electrical insulation.
Can combine denoising device to carry out according to turbine nozzle of the present invention, above-mentioned denoising device is as absorbing or the reflection type baffler, comprising quarter-wave or Helmholtz resonator.These can be arranged on any aerodynamic surface in principle.
Can combine the oil-sealing arrangement on the turbine shaft to carry out according to turbine nozzle of the present invention, above-mentioned oil-sealing arrangement can comprise the two way sealed device like piston ring.A series of flinger ring as be known in the art and other oil sealing can be set.
Can combine the lower bound bend pipe to carry out according to turbine nozzle of the present invention, for example at gas turbine exhaust mouth place, bend pipe has the enlargement steps down in the bending part.
Turbo machine can have valve, and it is configured to be controlled at the ratio of the suction port flow between two or more spiral cases, or control is such as flow (or back pressure) ratio between the various sources of the gas of engine cylinder.
The turbo machine suction port can form the continuous element with gas exhaust manifold.
Can carry out widely control strategy so that control sliding sleeve as herein described.The scope of possible control strategy comprises all that of describing in the sliding blade mechanism that specification uses on respect to control variable-geometry mechanisms, especially automobile turbocharger.
In various possible actuating methods, can be axial arranged three-way axis, it for example allows to use pneumatic actuator to allow the actuating of axle.Sliding sleeve can activate away from chamber, and axially away from the turbo machine location, it can comprise flue dust collecting device or oxidation element to this chamber, the silk screen shown in WO2010012992 or the silk screen of catalyst coated.
Can combine separated turbine wheel to use according to turbine nozzle of the present invention, the some of them blade extends the whole axial width of turbo machine suction port, and some blades only some extends axially at the back from turbo machine and strides across suction port.For example short blade may prolong, but is no more than specific axial nozzle divider, like dividing plate.Short and long blade can replace, and is perhaps optional, has several short blades between each linear leaf.
Another kind of optional situation is the blade that has more than two types.In addition or alternative, the lobe numbers along turbo machine also can change.For example, some blades can extend to the gas turbine exhaust mouth from the turbo machine suction port always, and other blade (for example, alternately) can be only from suction port extend to relief opening midway, or only extend to suction port midway from relief opening.
Turbo machine can be provided with complete rotation wall, and it can be close to the turbine shroud that is formed by turbine cylinder.Above-mentioned formation is suitable for the front of passage between the turbine bucket.In addition or alternatively, the turbine may be provided with one or more rotating wall, part of which is the Valley of the turbine / back between the front and the turbine.One or more rotation walls like this axially align with the one or more corresponding axially divider of described axial separated nozzle in this article.When sliding sleeve was only partly open, the above-mentioned gas that will prevent expanded away from the turbo machine hub and the back side, therefore will help the efficient of turbo machine.
It is very conspicuous with substituting to those skilled in the art that as implied above and said embodiment is carried out other possible modification.

Claims (7)

1. variable-geometry turbine, it comprises:
Turbine wheel is mounted for the turbine shaft rotation in the housing, and the housing stop collar is around turbine wheel, and the annular air scoop that between the first and second suction port sidewalls, limits; And
Cylindrical sleeve can move axially and stride across annular air scoop so that change the size through the air inlet flow path of suction port;
Wherein annular air scoop is separated at least two gas-entered passageways that axially depart from, these gas-entered passageway axial overlaps.
2. variable-geometry turbine according to claim 1; Wherein annular air scoop is separated into the annular array that is roughly tubular gas-entered passageway that substantially extends towards turbine wheel, and what wherein the annular array of gas-entered passageway comprised at least three axial overlaps axially departs from gas-entered passageway.
3. variable-geometry turbine according to claim 1 and 2, wherein at least two said axial overlaps axially to depart from gas-entered passageway upwards overlapping in week.
3. variable-geometry turbine according to claim 2 wherein is roughly tubular gas-entered passageway and has the rhombus of being roughly or be roughly hexagonal cross section.
4. according to the described variable-geometry turbine of arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein suction port is divided into described gas-entered passageway through the gas-entered passageway wall, and wherein the gas-entered passageway wall is limited on the non-planar surface dividing plate of a plurality of cardinal principle annulars.
5. variable-geometry turbine according to claim 4, its central diaphragm are substantially and week upwards are wavy annular ring.
6. variable-geometry turbine according to claim 4, its central diaphragm has the surface that is roughly hyperbolic parabola.
7. according to claim 2 or 3 described variable-geometry turbines, wherein the annular array of gas-entered passageway is made up of some discrete circumferential adjacent portion's sections.
CN2010800553141A 2009-10-06 2010-10-06 Turbomachine Pending CN102667069A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0917513A GB0917513D0 (en) 2009-10-06 2009-10-06 Axially divided nozzle VG
GB0917513.4 2009-10-06
GB1005680.2 2010-04-06
GBGB1005680.2A GB201005680D0 (en) 2010-04-06 2010-04-06 Variable geometry turbine
GBGB1012474.1A GB201012474D0 (en) 2010-07-26 2010-07-26 Turbomachine
GB1012474.1 2010-07-26
PCT/GB2010/001870 WO2011042696A2 (en) 2009-10-06 2010-10-06 Turbomachine

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CN109711045A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-05-03 中国农业大学 A kind of centrifugal pump spiral casing fairing formative method

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Application publication date: 20120912