CN102663360A - Method for automatic identifying steel slab coding and steel slab tracking system - Google Patents
Method for automatic identifying steel slab coding and steel slab tracking system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for automatic identifying steel slab coding and a steel slab tracking system. The method is characterized in that: from the starting of a first frame original image, automatic identification of slab coding is successively carried out on each frame of original image by the following steps: step 1, carrying out image preprocessing on the original image; step 2, carrying out binarization processing on the image after the preprocessing and carrying out slab coding detection and coding position positioning on an obtained binary image, wherein the slab coding detection and coding position positioning employ a projection processing method; and step 3, splitting the original image according to a boundary coordinate that is obtained by the coding position positioning to obtain a plurality of single character images and carrying out character identification on the each single character image, thereby completing slab coding identification on the original image of the current frame; and then returning to the step 1. According to the invention, the method for automatic identifying steel slab coding and the steel slab tracking system have characteristics of high automation degree and high coding identification efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method and iron and steel slab tracker.
Background technology
Development along with industrial automation; In steel industry; The requirement to the logistics management automatization level has progressively improved in enterprise; Iron and steel slab information is that iron and steel slab coding is the important information of iron and steel enterprise's logistics management and production run, adopts certain letter or number and assembly coding thereof to represent usually, obtains iron and steel slab information automatically and the iron and steel slab tracking in the logistics management and enterprise automation and information-based is produced significant.The iron and steel slab tracking is meant the slab cutting information and the information of weighing of the slab management information picture automatic reception continuous casting level two in the steel-making side material module in the MES system.
At present, most of steel plant, the identification of iron and steel slab coding also rests on the basis of artificial cognition, lacks the measure that iron and steel slab coding is discerned automatically.Simultaneously; Existing character recognition technologies is mainly used in the simple occasion of optical imagery background; And the slab production line of iron and steel sheet and plate exists circumstance complication, photoenvironment to change; The influence of abominable factors such as the character imaging background complicacy of iron and steel slab side, existing character recognition technologies can't be advantageously applied to iron and steel slab code identification.In addition, the inefficiencies of artificial cognition has a strong impact on automatization level and enterprise production system perfect of the iron and steel slab tracking in the logistics management.
At present, the iron and steel slab tracking is mainly realized the tracking to front and back two-step slab in the MES system.This semi-automatic iron and steel slab tracker can not be accurately and real-time follow-up be sent to the slab situation of hot rolling mill from the converter shed; To the information change that produces in this transfer process; The MES system is not revised in real time; Make that information and actual iron and steel slab information in the MES system are variant, operation logistics consistent with information in kind before and after can not really realizing do not have really to realize that the iron and steel slab of a level system follows the tracks of automatically.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method and iron and steel slab tracker; This iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method and iron and steel slab tracker have the automaticity height, the characteristics that code identification efficient is high.
The technical solution of invention is following:
A kind of iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method obtains continuous multiframe original image at the transmission scene of iron and steel slab, since the first frame original image, successively each frame original image is discerned the slab coding according to the following steps automatically:
Step 1: original image is carried out the image pre-service; Described pre-service comprises that gray processing is handled, mean filter is handled and difference processing; Described difference processing refers to filtered image and Background are made difference processing, obtains the difference gray-scale map; Said Background is meant when not having slab in system's judgement original image, background picture is preserved or be updated to filtered image;
Step 2: pretreated image is carried out binary conversion treatment; Again the binary map of gained is carried out the slab code detection; Generate testing result; In the original image of pre-treatment, contain the slab coding according to testing result as if recognizing, then binary map is carried out slab coding site location, the projection process method is adopted in described slab code detection and coding site location;
Step 3: original image is carried out cutting according to the boundary coordinate that aforesaid coding site location obtains, obtain a plurality of monocase images, said monocase image is meant and only contains a character-coded image; Each monocase image is all carried out character recognition, thereby accomplish the slab code identification in the current frame original image;
Returning step 1 pair next frame original image handles.
In the step 2, the threshold value of said binary conversion treatment is avg+N, and the N value is the arbitrary value in 20～70; Avg is the mean value of gray-scale map entire image grey scale pixel value after the difference.
Slab code detection process in the step 2 is: described binary map is carried out vertical projection; If there are intersection point in resulting vertical projection curve and preset level line; Then judge and contain the slab coding in the present image, otherwise do not have the slab coding in the explanation present image; The preset level line is 15 at the ordinate of the coordinate system at vertical projection curve place;
Described vertical projection refers to calculate the Y axial coordinate value of the quantity of the white pixel point of each row in the binary map as the vertical projection curve, with the X axial coordinate value of the pixels across point sequence number in the binary map as the vertical projection curve, forms the vertical projection curve.
Slab coding site location process in the step 2 is:
(1) binary map is carried out horizontal projection, obtain the horizontal projection curve; Two intersection points of horizontal projection curve and preset level line are the up-and-down boundary point;
(2) vertical projection curve and preset level line intersect, and form many antinodes, and each is to the border, the left and right sides of the promptly corresponding monocase of adjacent intersection point;
(3) based on the border, the left and right sides of described up-and-down boundary point and each monocase, binary map is carried out cutting, obtain a plurality of monocase images;
Described horizontal projection, the quantity of white pixel point that refers to calculate in the binary map each row be as the Y axle axial coordinate value of horizontal projection curve, with the sequence number of the vertical pixel in the binary map X axle axial coordinate value as the horizontal projection curve, formation horizontal projection curve.
The preset level line is 15 at the ordinate of the coordinate system at horizontal projection curve and vertical projection curve place.
Monocase image character identification in the step 3 may further comprise the steps:
Step a: the monocase image is carried out gray processing, obtain the monocase gray-scale map;
Step b: said monocase gray-scale map is carried out Filtering Processing, obtain filtered monocase gray-scale map;
Step c: said filtered monocase gray-scale map is carried out binary conversion treatment, obtain the monocase binary map;
Steps d: said monocase binary map is carried out size normalization handle, obtain normalization monocase binary map;
Step e: said normalization monocase binary map is pursued the pixel feature extraction, obtain eigenvectors matrix; Describedly be meant by the pixel feature extraction: normalization monocase binary map is scanned line by line; To the white pixel point in the normalization monocase binary map; Getting eigenwert is 1, and to the black pixel point in the normalization monocase binary map, getting eigenwert is 0; Obtain an eigenvectors matrix at last, the dimension of eigenvectors matrix equals the total number of pixel in the normalization monocase binary map;
Step f: pursue the pixel template matches:
Described eigenvectors matrix and a plurality of Character mother plate are mated, obtain a plurality of similarities, similarity refers to that the identical element number accounts for the ratio of total element number; With the matching result of the maximum pairing character of Character mother plate of similarity as current monocase image; The number of elements that comprises in number of elements in each Character mother plate and the eigenvectors matrix is identical.
Among the described step f; The matching way of said eigenvectors matrix and Character mother plate is: each element in the comparative feature vector matrix and the corresponding element in the character masterplate successively; Judge whether identical; And the number of statistics identical element, the ratio that the number of identical element is accounted for total element number is as the similarity of current monocase image with this current Character mother plate.
Among the described step f; The manufacturing process of said Character mother plate is following: at first obtain the slab coded image, be encoded to one group to comprise all single slabs, choose the monocase image of one group of slab coding; Through the processing of step a to step e; Obtain one group and slab coded image characteristic of correspondence vector matrix, this stack features is stored as file, be one group and slab coded image corresponding characters template.
The binary conversion treatment of carrying out described monocase gray-scale map adopts big Tianjin method;
Described size normalization processing is meant and converts binary map into 50 * 60 Pixel Dimensions sized images;
Described Character mother plate is many groups;
The character that said Character mother plate corresponding characters group comprises is at least a in digital 0-9, English capitalization, english lower case, the Chinese character.
In the code identification process, whenever identify a character, then that this character is corresponding degree of confidence increases by 1, and the degree of confidence initial value is 0; After last coding completion code identification to any iron and steel slab, if the corresponding a plurality of identification characters of some codings are then got the highest identification character of degree of confidence as final recognition result.
A kind of automatic recognition and tracking of slab system based on iron and steel slab coded image, what comprise ccd video camera, light end transmitter, light end receiver, display, band capture card is used to realize said iron and steel slab the coding industrial computer and the on-the-spot PLC of identification automatically; The output terminal of ccd video camera is connected with the input end of light end transmitter, and the output terminal of light end transmitter is connected through optical fiber with the input end of light end receiver; Capture card is connected with industrial computer through the PCI slot; Display is connected with industrial computer, and on-the-spot PLC is connected with the COM1 of industrial computer.
The described automatic recognition and tracking of slab system based on iron and steel slab coded image also comprises video distributor, monitoring screen and DVR, and light end receiver links to each other with capture card through video distributor; The input end of monitoring screen and DVR all is connected with the output terminal of video distributor.
Beneficial effect:
Iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method of the present invention and iron and steel slab tracker; Iron and steel slab code identification is carried out in alternative manual work; Avoid effectively because the iron and steel slab coding mistake identification that workman's subjective reason causes; Strengthen the automatization level of Inner Logistics Management, improved the production efficiency of enterprise, and reduced labor intensity of operating personnel.Iron and steel slab after identification coding is passed to the MES system, realize automatically, all fronts of iron and steel slab information are followed the tracks of, improve the logistics management level between two factories thereby reach to the tracking of iron and steel slab information between converter shed and hot rolling mill.The human-computer interaction interface simplicity of design of this system is convenient to the site operation personnel and is used.This system recognition rate is high, and speed is fast, and working stability is reliable, has stronger practical.
Character identifying method in the iron and steel slab coded image of the present invention; Characteristic to iron and steel slab coding; Adopt a kind of new method to carry out feature extraction, improved comprehensive that image information features extracts, it is simple to have a feature extraction; Computing is convenient, and can realize the identification of iron and steel slab coding effectively.
The present invention adopts effective image preconditioning technique, and extracts appropriate iron and steel slab coded character characteristic, in conjunction with iron and steel slab coded character inspection technology, realizes the effective identification to iron and steel slab coding in the iron and steel slab image that obtains in the complex industrial environment.
Because iron and steel slab coding is normally formed by the industrial coating spraying; And industrial coating is granular; Cause iron and steel slab coding connectedness and standardization not good, thereby cause existing feature extracting method can't extract the character feature of iron and steel slab coding effectively.And the characteristic extraction procedure of this method is simple conversion process, is about to black (gray-scale value is 0) pixel and white (gray-scale value is 255) pixel in the binary map, representes with eigenwert 0 and 1 respectively, thereby obtains proper vector.Thereby method of the present invention can comprehensively be extracted image information features, and characteristic extraction procedure is simple, and computing is convenient, realizes easily.
The present invention also has following advantage:
Discrimination is high: to iron and steel slab coded image target detection and cutting and monocase image recognition, adopted the appropriate pretreatment method to handle respectively, improved the success ratio of target detection and character recognition.
Wherein: the pre-service of target detection and cutting comprises that gray processing, mean filter and modified manual work are provided with binary conversion treatment; The pre-service of monocase image recognition comprises gray processing, minimum value filtering and big Tianjin method binary conversion treatment.
Simultaneously,, selected appropriate feature extraction and template matching method,, improved the comprehensive of image information features extraction promptly by the pixel feature extraction with by the pixel template matches to character recognition, and the validity of template matching method.
In addition, through verification, guaranteed the accuracy of output recognition result.
Because the slab coding maybe be damaged, cause relevant similar character the situation of mistake identification to occur, the similar character of slab coding has: 1 and 7,6 and 8,0 and 8,3 and 5,2 and 7.The processing of two aspects is arranged to similar character:
To similar character, as 1 and 7,6 and 8.Under the situation that Character mother plate is constant in ATL,, adopt the identification of half module plate (first half, Lower Half, left side or right-hand part) coupling to these differences that is prone to the performance of mistake character learning symbol local feature; When calculating similarity; The standard form coupling that the character to be identified of mistake identification also will be similar with it easily is an example with similar character 6 and 8, and character 6 is identified as 8 sometimes; Can know through analyzing; 6 and 8 first half global feature otherness is maximum, therefore after the template matches identification first time, with recognition result be 8 character get its first half again with ATL in character 6 and 8 the first half mate identification; The similarity of twice coupling is added up, and getting its maximal value is last recognition result.Reduced false recognition rate to similar character.
Recognition result and the iron and steel slab coded message of obtaining from on-the-spot PLC10 (on-the-spot PLC10 is original equipment) are compared, and here, if do not find identical slab coding, and recognition result is (as 16060
03024020) encode (as 16060 with certain slab
83024020) the character difference numeral of underscore (promptly with) is only arranged; This a pair of kinds of characters; Just be that similar character is right, then this moment, this iron and steel slab coding (as 1606083024020) is changed to recognition result, and (then final recognition result is: 1606083024020).
Speed is fast: each software module of system's parallel calling is carried out multiple task management and parallel processing, has improved the processing power and the speed of system effectively.
Each modular algorithm principle is simple, and program realizes convenient, and has adopted the mature and effective algorithm, has guaranteed algorithm efficiency.Especially in traditional character identifying method, feature extraction consuming time relatively and template matches aspect, system only just accomplishes with comparison through conversion simply, has improved the travelling speed of system effectively.Simultaneously, system software structure is reasonable in design, and optimizes, and guarantees effective, the fast express agency of system.
Reliable and stable: system adopts parallel processing mode, has increased system reliability.Each modular algorithm principle is simple, and program realizes convenient, and has adopted the mature and effective algorithm, has guaranteed the reliability of algorithm.System software structure is reasonable in design, and optimizes, and has reduced the probability of system exception.Man Machine Interface is provided, can have artificially handled the relevant abnormalities situation timely.That local data base adopts is ripe, oracle database and ADO technology are applied to the system data management reliably.Native system adopts Visual C++6.0 language development in Windows Sever 2003 systems, has adopted ripe, reliable development platform and running environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the hardware architecture block diagram based on the iron and steel slab automatic tracking system of iron and steel slab coded image identification;
Fig. 2 is the principle of work block diagram based on the iron and steel slab automatic tracking system of iron and steel slab coded image identification;
Fig. 3 is the software flow pattern based on the iron and steel slab automatic tracking system of iron and steel slab coded image identification;
Fig. 4 is the iron and steel slab image that contains 3 characters;
Fig. 5 is the iron and steel slab image that contains 5 characters;
Fig. 6 is the iron and steel slab image that contains 7 characters;
Fig. 7 is the iron and steel slab image that contains 10 characters;
Fig. 8 is the iron and steel slab image that first width of cloth contains complete 13 characters;
Fig. 9 is the iron and steel slab image that second width of cloth contains complete 13 characters;
Figure 10 for the normalization of 3 monocase images Fig. 4 being carried out cutting and obtain after the monocase binary map;
Figure 11 for the normalization of 5 monocase images Fig. 5 being carried out cutting and obtain after the monocase binary map
Figure 12 for the normalization of 7 monocase images Fig. 6 being carried out cutting and obtain after the monocase binary map
Figure 13 for the normalization of 10 monocase images Fig. 7 being carried out cutting and obtain after the monocase binary map
Figure 14 is the normalization effect synoptic diagram of whole 13 monocase images;
Figure 15 is the horizontal projection curve;
Figure 16 is the vertical projection curve;
The single character picture synoptic diagram of Figure 17 after for corresponding with Figure 16 cutting apart.
Embodiment
Below will combine accompanying drawing and specific embodiment that the present invention is explained further details:
What the present invention relates to may further comprise the steps the monocase image-recognizing method:
1. the image that contains single slab coded character that cutting from iron and steel slab coded image is obtained is numbered in order, and carries out gray processing and handle;
2. monocase (containing single iron and steel slab coded character) gray-scale map is carried out Filtering Processing;
3. image after the Filtering Processing is adopted the self-adaption binaryzation cutting techniques, carry out binary conversion treatment;
4. to the monocase binary map, carry out size normalization and handle;
5. to monocase binary map after the normalization, pursue the pixel feature extraction.The key content of this patent has 2 points: 1, the appropriate combination of gray processing, filtering and binaryzation technology; (existing main array mode: gray processing, mean filter and the artificial global threshold method of setting; ) 2, by the pixel feature extraction.
The gray feature of selecting character picture for use by pixel feature extraction method belongs to a kind of character statistics and transform characteristics as character feature, adopts greyscale transformation and binary conversion treatment to obtain the gray feature vector matrix of single character picture.
With the something in common of prior art be: through the characteristic information of mapping algorithm extraction character, mapping algorithm is ripe algorithm;
Difference is: mapping algorithm reasonably combined, and the choosing of character feature, in the document that has searched, do not find the character feature identical with this patent; Adopt greyscale transformation and binary conversion treatment to obtain the gray feature vector matrix of single character picture.
6. to the monocase binary map, pursue the pixel template matches;
7. repeating step 1 arrives step 6, all the single characters in complete slab coded image of identification;
8. to all the single characters in the whole iron and steel slab coded image of discerning the back acquisition, the numbering during according to cutting makes up in order, obtains complete iron and steel slab coding.The complete iron and steel slab coding that identification is obtained can carry out checking treatment according to the coded format of definition voluntarily.The effect of checking treatment: there are situation such as damaged in iron and steel slab coding in image, and when causing recognition result to occur violating the situation of coding rule, through verification, can find this type of problem, and the output information warning, reduces the probability of output error recognition result.The standard of verification succeeds is meant that whether the coded string that identification obtains satisfies whole coding rules, if satisfy whole coding rules, then judges verification succeeds; Otherwise verification failure.
If verification succeeds proves and discerns successfully, output iron and steel slab code identification result; If the verification failure proves this recognition failures, and output information warning " recognition failures! ";
Further:
In said step 1, the transformation for mula that gray processing is handled is following:
f(i，j)＝0.299R(i，j)+0.587G(i，j)+0.114B(i，j))；
Wherein, i, j are positive integer, (i, j) coordinate of pixel in the presentation video; F representes to change the back gray values of pixel points; R, G, B are the three-components of cromogram RGB model, represent respectively red, green, blue three-component intensity level.
In said step 2, the window of filtering algorithm employing 3 * 3 carries out minimum value filtering;
Minimum value filtering: principle is the minimum value that certain any gray-scale value is set to all pixel gray-scale values in this vertex neighborhood window in the image.The concrete realization: the grey scale pixel value through to the neighborhood window sorts, and forms the ordered data of dull decline (or rising), obtains the wherein minimum value of pixel gray-scale value, and the gray-scale value of current pixel point is changed to this value.This patent adopts 3 * 3 neighborhood window.
In said step 3, said self-adaption binaryzation cutting techniques is meant big Tianjin (Ostu) method, i.e. maximum variance between clusters.This is a kind of based on discriminant analysis, the method for dynamic calculation optimal threshold, and adaptivity is stronger, and method is simple and practical, and the slab coded image of single character is had good binaryzation segmentation effect;
In said step 4, said size normalization is handled, and is meant the outer rim of character is carried out linear amplification in proportion or is reduced into 50 * 60 Pixel Dimensions;
In said step 5; Said by the pixel feature extraction; Be meant normalization monocase binary map is carried out scanning line by line, it is 1 that the point of the white pixel in the image (pixel value is 255) is got its eigenwert, and it is 0 that the black picture element in the image (pixel value is 0) is got its eigenwert; Obtain an eigenvectors matrix at last, its dimension equals the total number of pixel in the image.
In said step 6; Said by the pixel template matches, with the characteristic of the single slab coded character that extracts, mate with 0～9 each Character mother plate; Each element in the just simple comparative feature vector matrix successively of matching way and the corresponding element in the character masterplate; Judge whether identical, and the number of statistics identical element, the ratio that the number of identical element is accounted for total element number is as the similarity of current monocase image with this current Character mother plate; The size of comparative sample and each Character mother plate similarity, the pairing character of Character mother plate that both similarities are maximum is a matching result.Above-mentioned character Stencil Production process is following: at first obtain iron and steel slab coded image; To comprise all single iron and steel slabs codings (promptly 0～9) is one group; Choose one group and be respectively 0～9 single iron and steel slab coded character image, the processing through step 1 to step 5 obtains one group of 0～9 iron and steel slab coded character image characteristic of correspondence vector matrix; This stack features is stored as file, is one group of 0～9 iron and steel slab coded image corresponding characters masterplate;
In the said step 7, said complete iron and steel slab coded image contains 13 characters.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment based on the automatic recognition and tracking of the slab system of iron and steel slab coded image by ccd video camera 1, light end transmitter 2, light end receiver 3, video distributor 4, monitoring screen 5, DVR 6, capture card 7, industrial computer 8 and display 9; And on-the-spot PLC10 forms; As shown in Figure 1, ccd video camera 1 is responsible for taking the slab video.Fiber optic is the equipment that light signal and electric signal are changed each other, and light end transmitter 2 is to receive electric signal, converts light signal to; Light end receiver 3 is receiving optical signals, converts electric signal to; Effect is to convert video information to optical information, realizes video transmission through optical fiber, and Optical Fiber Transmission has advantages such as low, the anti-interference and capacity of loss is big; Thus, reduce the loss of vision signal, strengthen antijamming capability and transmission real-time; Guarantee in the transmission course quality of vision signal.On-the-spot PLC10 is connected with industrial computer 8 communications, is used for to industrial computer 8 transmission iron and steel slab codings.
Video distributor 4 is the equipment that is made into a video signal source average mark multi-channel video signal.Be about to ccd video camera 1 outputting video signal and all give monitoring screen 5, DVR 6 and capture card 7.
Monitoring screen 5, the just real-time shooting picture that shows ccd video camera 1 belongs to auxiliary facility, and is irrelevant with the system identification function.
DVR 6, just the shooting picture of real time record ccd video camera 1 belongs to auxiliary facility, and is irrelevant with the system identification function.
Capture card 7 is used for from the video acquisition of image data of ccd video camera 1 shooting, supplies system's industrial computer 8 to handle.Industrial computer 8 is operation platforms of system software, and display 9 is interfaces of man-machine interaction.The identification of detection through the iron and steel slab image that obtains being carried out slab and slab coding shows recognition result, stores and transmits, the automatic identification and the tracking of completion slab, and the theory diagram of total system is as shown in Figure 2.The whole software system comprises the automatic identification and the human-computer interaction interface of iron and steel slab coding, and the system software process flow diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
Existing iron and steel slab is about to get into ccd video camera 1 shooting area, and to the process of this iron and steel slab through ccd video camera 1 shooting area, the operational process of describing system in detail is following:
Ccd video camera 1 through light end transmitter 2 and light end receiver 3, sends the video that collects to monitoring screen 5, DVR 6 and capture card 7 respectively by video distributor 4.[photoelectric detection system is made up of infrared transmitting device and receiving trap when the motion slab triggers photoelectric detection system generation arrival signal; When slab arrives and blocks infrared ray, cause receiving trap can't receive infrared ray, at this moment; Output slab arrival signal is promptly realized triggering.], system start-up capture card 7, images acquired from the video that collects obtains the single frames original image successively, obtains the multiframe original image through after a while.To the different images that collects (Fig. 4-Fig. 9), its image that contains key message is handled, its concrete operations are following:
The concrete treatment scheme of the first frame original image (Fig. 4):
1. original image is carried out gray processing and handle, obtain gray-scale map;
2. adopting 3 * 3 windows to carry out mean filter to gray-scale map handles, obtains filtered gray-scale map;
3. gray-scale map after the filtering and Background are made difference processing, obtain the difference gray-scale map, said Background is meant when not having slab in system's judgement original image, background picture is preserved or be updated to filtered image;
4. the mean value of gray-scale map entire image grey scale pixel value after the statistics difference is 60, will be worth that [the oxidation spot that exists in the variation of considering on-the-spot illumination condition and the image be (iron sheet oxidation formation with 50 summations; Appear with hickie in binary map) disturb, simultaneously, the ratio that target character occupies in the slab coded image is less; Cause gray average low, split image effectively, so consider with an average and a fixed value and as threshold value; And the variation of on-the-spot illumination condition makes that disparity range is 20-70 between target character gray-scale value and the slab gray-scale value, and value is too small; Because the variation of illumination can cause erroneous judgement; Value is excessive, reduces the sensitivity that detects, and can't in time detect character, takes all factors into consideration, and chooses this value], get 110, it as threshold value, is carried out binary conversion treatment to gray-scale map, obtain binary map;
5. binary map is carried out projection process, there are intersection point in vertical projection curve and preset level line (ordinate is 15) [image pixel is of a size of: 900 * 75 pixels], judge to contain the slab coding in the present image; According to horizontal projection curve and vertical projection curve, be true origin with the image upper right corner, confirm the upper left corner, the lower left corner, the upper right corner and the lower right corner coordinate of single character;
Employing positions and cutting coding region based on the method for projection properties, and concrete steps are following:
Step 1: the image after the binaryzation is carried out horizontal projection, obtain horizontal projection curve shown in figure 15.The broadband part that an obvious projection is arranged in the drop shadow curve is the horizontal projection of coding region in the image to be identified.Two intersection points of horizontal projection curve and preset level line (ordinate is 15) are the up-and-down boundary point of coding region, like the edge1 among Figure 15, edge2.
Step 2: the image after the binaryzation is carried out vertical projection, obtain vertical projection curve shown in figure 16.There are 3 antinodes successively in vertical projection curve and preset level line (ordinate is 15), i.e. a, a ', b, b '; C, c '; Wherein a, a ' are the left and right boundary point of first character, and b, b ' are the left and right boundary point of second character, and c, c ' are the left and right boundary point of the 3rd character.
Through step 1 and step 2, can obtain the zone location coordinate of each single character.Shown in figure 17 for cutting apart the single character synoptic diagram of acquisition.
6. according to coordinate information, cutting obtains several and contains the image of single character from original image;
7. several images that contain single character are carried out gray processing and handle, obtain the gray level image that several contain single character, be called for short the monocase image;
8. adopt 3 * 3 windows to carry out the minimum value Filtering Processing successively to several monocase gray-scale maps, obtain filtered gray-scale map;
9. filtered gray-scale map is adopted big Tianjin method successively, carry out self-adaption binaryzation and handle, obtain binary map;
10. binary map is carried out size normalization successively and handle, obtain the binary map of 50 * 60 Pixel Dimensions size;
11. to monocase binary map after the normalization; Shown in figure 10, pursue the pixel feature extraction successively, promptly to image scanning line by line; It is 1 that white pixel in image point (pixel value is 255) is got its eigenwert; It is 0 that black picture element in the image (pixel value is 0) is got its eigenwert, obtains an eigenvectors matrix at last, and its dimension equals the total number (300) of pixel in the image;
12., pursue the pixel template matches successively to the monocase binary map, obtain matching result for being followed successively by 1,5,0, similarity is followed successively by S
11=94, S
21=90, S
31=95, and make corresponding degree of confidence, [degree of confidence mainly is as a differentiation when statistics multiframe original image.As add up first character picture of multiframe original image and be identified as 1 number of times, realize through the degree of confidence that adds up, thereby judge the recognition result of first character picture.And for example, be respectively 3 and 2, judge that then recognition result is 1. if first character picture is identified as 1 and 7 number of times] be K
11=1, K
21=1, K
31=1.Detailed process is following:
Proper vector to the single iron and steel slab coded character that extracts; Mate with the proper vector of 0～9 each template; Corresponding element element in the just simple matching characteristic vector matrix successively of matching way in each element and the character masterplate judges whether identically, and adds up the number of identical element; Final calculating identical element accounts for the ratio of total element number (300); As the similarity of sample and this Character mother plate, the size of comparative sample and each Character mother plate similarity, the maximum pairing character of Character mother plate of both similarities is a matching result.Above-mentioned character Stencil Production process is following: at first obtain iron and steel slab coded image; To comprise all single slabs codings (promptly 0～9) is one group; Choose one group and be respectively 0～9 single iron and steel slab coded character image, the processing through step 1 to step 5 obtains one group of 0～9 iron and steel slab coded character image characteristic of correspondence vector matrix; This stack features is stored as file, is one group of 0～9 iron and steel slab coded image corresponding characters masterplate.
Preceding 11 steps of all the other each frame original images handle identical with the processing of the first frame original image, and only cutting obtains iron and steel slab coded character number difference.Matching result information is as shown in the table in detail:
The template matches treatment scheme of the second frame original image:
To the monocase binary map, to pursue the pixel feature extraction successively and, obtain matching result for being followed successively by 1,5,0,5,8 by the pixel template matches, similarity is followed successively by S
12=96, S
22=89, S
32=93, S
41=85, S
51=83, and make that corresponding degree of confidence is K
12=1, K
22=1, K
32=1, K
41=1, K
51=1.
The concrete treatment scheme of the template matches of the 3rd frame original image:
To the monocase binary map, to pursue the pixel feature extraction successively and, obtain matching result for being followed successively by 1,5,0,5,8,6,8 by the pixel template matches, similarity is followed successively by S
13=92, S
23=92, S
33=94, S
42=88, S
52=85, S61=89, S71=87, and make that corresponding degree of confidence is K13=1, K23=1, K33=1, K42=1, K52=1, K61=1, K71=1.
The concrete treatment scheme of the template matches of the 4th frame original image:
To the monocase binary map, to pursue the pixel feature extraction successively and, obtain matching result for being followed successively by 1,5,0,5,8,6,8,0,1,2 by the pixel template matches, similarity is followed successively by S14=94, S24=90, S34=96; S43=89, S53=86, S62=91, S72=89, S81=95, S91=93; S101=89, and make that corresponding degree of confidence is K14=1, K24=1, K34=1, K43=1, K53=1; K62=1, K72=1, K81=1, K91=1, K101=1.
The concrete treatment scheme of the template matches of the 5th frame original image:
To the monocase binary map, to pursue the pixel feature extraction successively and, obtain matching result for being followed successively by 1,5,0,5,8,6,8,0,1,2,0,1,0 by the pixel template matches, similarity is followed successively by S15=92, S25=88, S35=94; S44=86, S54=85, S63=94, S73=88, S82=92, S92=91; S102=90, S111=95, S121=94, S131=93, and make that corresponding degree of confidence is K15=1, K25=1; K35=1, K44=1, K54=1, K63=1, K73=1, K82=1; K92=1, K102=1, K111=1, K121=1, K131=1.
The concrete treatment scheme of the template matches of the 6th frame original image:
To the monocase binary map, to pursue the pixel feature extraction successively and, obtain matching result for being followed successively by 1,5,0,5,8,6,8,0,1,2,0,1,0 by the pixel template matches, similarity is followed successively by S16=94, S26=90, S36=96; S45=86, S55=88, S64=91, S74=86, S83=95, S93=89; S103=89, S112=92, S122=91, S132=95, and make that corresponding degree of confidence is K16=1, K26=1; K36=1, K45=1, K55=1, K64=1, K74=1, K83=1; K93=1, K103=1, K112=1, K122=1, K132=1.
After completion is handled the identification of multiframe original image; Unification is added up the recognition result of multiframe original image; At first compare first character in each frame original image recognition result; The result all is all 1 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K1=6 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 1.
Compare each character in each frame original image recognition result successively, it is following to obtain the result:
Second character of iron and steel slab coding: the result all is all 5 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K
2=6 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 5;
Iron and steel slab the 3rd character of encoding: the result all is all 0 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K3=6 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 0;
Iron and steel slab the 4th character of encoding: the result all is all 5 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K4=5 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 5;
Iron and steel slab the 5th character of encoding: the result all is all 8 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K5=5 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 8;
Iron and steel slab the 6th character of encoding: the result all is all 6 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K6=4 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 6;
Iron and steel slab the 7th character of encoding: the result all is all 8 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K7=4 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 8;
Iron and steel slab the 8th character of encoding: the result all is all 0 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K8=3 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 8;
Iron and steel slab the 9th character of encoding: the result all is all 1 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K9=3 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 1;
Iron and steel slab the tenth character of encoding: the result all is all 2 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K10=3 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 2;
Iron and steel slab the 11 character of encoding: the result all is all 0 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K11=2 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 0;
Iron and steel slab the 12 character of encoding: the result all is all 1 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K12=2 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 1;
Iron and steel slab the 13 character of encoding: the result all is all 0 mutually, and the accumulative total degree of confidence is K13=2 (need not statistics accumulative total similarity), and then the recognition result of first character of iron and steel slab coding is 0;
The monocase recognition result is combined into character string, promptly 1505868012010, be the preliminary recognition result of iron and steel slab coding.Preliminary other result and custom coding rule are carried out verification, and specific coding is regular as follows:
Rule 1: coding contains 13 characters;
Rule 2: it is the mantissa in current time that first character is played on a left side;
Rule 3: second character played on a left side only possibly be 5 or 6;
Rule 4: it is 00001～99999 that the 3rd to the 7th character span played on a left side, like 03380 in the example codes;
Rule 5: it is 0～2 that the 8th character span played on a left side;
Rule 6: it is 0～2 that the 9th character span played on a left side;
Rule 7: it is 1～4 that the tenth character span played on a left side;
Rule 8: it is 0 that the 11 character perseverance played on a left side;
Rule 9: it is 1～9 that the 12 character span played on a left side, promptly can not be 0;
Rule 10: it is 0 that the 13 character perseverance played on a left side.
Prove that through verification preliminary recognition result satisfies above all custom codings rule.
Preliminary recognition result promptly 1505868012010 is compared with the iron and steel slab coded message of obtaining from on-the-spot PLC10, and partial information is as follows in the iron and steel slab coded message that current on-the-spot PLC10 obtains:
(1)1606023024020；
(2)1606023023020；
(3)1505868012010；
(4)1505867011040；
Consistent through comparison discovery and (3) middle iron and steel slab coding, prove that this recognition result is accurate, then on system interface, export recognition result: 1505868012010.With this iron and steel slab coding; And the iron and steel slab begins to get into and leave the time of ccd video camera (1); As recognition result information; Real-time storage in local data base, and with moving object detection and segmentation software module obtain to contain complete iron and steel slab image encoded be Fig. 9, store in the local hard drive; With recognition result information, be sent to the operation department of hot rolling mill in real time through the PORT COM on the industrial computer.
Claims (10)
1. an iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method is characterized in that, obtains continuous multiframe original image at the transmission scene of iron and steel slab, since the first frame original image, successively each frame original image is discerned the slab coding according to the following steps automatically:
Step 1: original image is carried out the image pre-service; Described pre-service comprises that gray processing is handled, mean filter is handled and difference processing; Described difference processing refers to filtered image and Background are made difference processing, obtains the difference gray-scale map;
Step 2: pretreated image is carried out binary conversion treatment; Again the binary map of gained is carried out the slab code detection; Generate testing result; In the original image of pre-treatment, contain the slab coding according to testing result as if recognizing, then binary map is carried out slab coding site location, the projection process method is adopted in described slab code detection and coding site location;
Step 3: original image is carried out cutting according to the boundary coordinate that aforesaid coding site location obtains, obtain a plurality of monocase images, said monocase image is meant and only contains a character-coded image; Each monocase image is all carried out character recognition, thereby accomplish the slab code identification in the current frame original image;
Returning step 1 pair next frame original image handles.
2. iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the said step 2, the threshold value of said binary conversion treatment is avg+N, and the N value is the arbitrary value in 20～70; Avg is the mean value of gray-scale map entire image grey scale pixel value after the difference.
3. iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Slab code detection process in the step 2 is: described binary map is carried out vertical projection; If there are intersection point in resulting vertical projection curve and preset level line, then judge and contain the slab coding in the present image, otherwise do not have the slab coding in the explanation present image; The preset level line is 15 at the ordinate of the coordinate system at vertical projection curve place;
Described vertical projection refers to calculate the Y axial coordinate value of the quantity of the white pixel point of each row in the binary map as the vertical projection curve, with the X axial coordinate value of the pixels across point sequence number in the binary map as the vertical projection curve, forms the vertical projection curve.
4. iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the slab coding site location process in the step 2 is:
(1) binary map is carried out horizontal projection, obtain the horizontal projection curve; Two intersection points of horizontal projection curve and preset level line are the up-and-down boundary point;
(2) vertical projection curve and preset level line intersect, and form many antinodes, and each is to the border, the left and right sides of the promptly corresponding monocase of adjacent intersection point;
(3) based on the border, the left and right sides of described up-and-down boundary point and each monocase, binary map is carried out cutting, obtain a plurality of monocase images;
Described horizontal projection, the quantity of white pixel point that refers to calculate in the binary map each row be as the Y axial coordinate value of horizontal projection curve, with the sequence number of the vertical pixel in the binary map X axial coordinate value as the horizontal projection curve, formation horizontal projection curve;
Described preset level line is 15 at the ordinate of the coordinate system at horizontal projection curve and vertical projection curve place.
5. iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the monocase image character identification in the step 3 may further comprise the steps:
Step a: the monocase image is carried out gray processing, obtain the monocase gray-scale map;
Step b: said monocase gray-scale map is carried out Filtering Processing, obtain filtered monocase gray-scale map;
Step c: said filtered monocase gray-scale map is carried out binary conversion treatment, obtain the monocase binary map;
Steps d: said monocase binary map is carried out size normalization handle, obtain normalization monocase binary map;
Step e: said normalization monocase binary map is pursued the pixel feature extraction, obtain eigenvectors matrix; Describedly be meant by the pixel feature extraction: normalization monocase binary map is scanned line by line; To the white pixel point in the normalization monocase binary map; Getting eigenwert is 1, and to the black pixel point in the normalization monocase binary map, getting eigenwert is 0; Obtain an eigenvectors matrix at last, the dimension of eigenvectors matrix equals the total number of pixel in the normalization monocase binary map;
Step f: pursue the pixel template matches:
Said eigenvectors matrix and alphabet template are mated, obtain a plurality of similarities, similarity refers to that identical element number accounts for the ratio of total element number; With the matching result of the maximum pairing character of Character mother plate of similarity as current monocase image; The number of elements that comprises in number of elements in each Character mother plate and the eigenvectors matrix is identical.
6. iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; Among the described step f, the matching way of said eigenvectors matrix and single Character mother plate is: each element in the comparative feature vector matrix and the corresponding element in the Character mother plate successively judge whether identical; And the number of statistics identical element, the ratio that the number of identical element is accounted for total element number is as the similarity of current monocase image with this current Character mother plate.
Among the described step f; The manufacturing process of said Character mother plate is following: at first obtain the slab coded image, be encoded to one group to comprise all single slabs, choose the monocase image of one group of slab coding; Through the processing of step a to step e; Obtain one group and slab coded image characteristic of correspondence vector matrix, this stack features is stored as file, be one group and slab coded image corresponding characters template.
7. iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method according to claim 5 is characterized in that said monocase gray-scale map carries out binary conversion treatment and adopts big Tianjin method;
Described size normalization processing is meant and converts binary map into 50 * 60 Pixel Dimensions sized images;
Described Character mother plate is many groups;
The character that said Character mother plate corresponding characters group comprises is at least a in digital 0-9, English capitalization, english lower case, the Chinese character.
8. according to each described iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that in the code identification process, whenever identify a character, then that this character is corresponding degree of confidence increases by 1, the degree of confidence initial value is 0; After last coding completion code identification to any iron and steel slab, if the corresponding a plurality of identification characters of some codings are then got the highest identification character of degree of confidence as final recognition result.
9. iron and steel slab tracker based on each described iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method of claim 1-7; It is characterized in that, comprise the industrial computer (8) and the on-the-spot PLC10 that are used to realize said iron and steel slab coding automatic identifying method of ccd video camera (1), light end transmitter (2), light end receiver (3), display (9), band capture card (7); The output terminal of ccd video camera (1) is connected with the input end of light end transmitter (2), and the output terminal of light end transmitter (2) is connected through optical fiber with the input end of light end receiver (3); Capture card (7) is connected with industrial computer (8) through the PCI slot; Display (9) is connected with industrial computer (8), and on-the-spot PLC10 is connected with industrial computer (8) COM1.
10. iron and steel slab tracker according to claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises video distributor (4), monitoring screen (5) and DVR (6), and light end receiver (3) links to each other with capture card (7) through video distributor (4); The input end of monitoring screen (5) and DVR (6) all is connected with the output terminal of video distributor (4).
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