CN102661897B - Two-way stretch tester and testing method for internal pressure thin-wall cylinder test sample of geomembrane - Google Patents
Two-way stretch tester and testing method for internal pressure thin-wall cylinder test sample of geomembrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN102661897B CN102661897B CN201210117437.4A CN201210117437A CN102661897B CN 102661897 B CN102661897 B CN 102661897B CN 201210117437 A CN201210117437 A CN 201210117437A CN 102661897 B CN102661897 B CN 102661897B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-way stretch tester and a testing method for an internal pressure thin-wall cylinder test sample of a geomembrane. Due to the adoption of the tester and the testing method, provided by the invention, the problem in stress equilibrium of a cross-shaped test sample on the plane of the geomembrane in a two-way stretch test can be solved, meanwhile, the problem that the traditional internal pressure thin-wall cylinder test is not suitable for flexible materials such as the geomembrane is solved, and finally the two dimensional stress strain curve of the geomembrane under the condition of two dimensional stress can be obtained accurately.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mechanical property field of measuring technique of material, be specifically related to a kind of test method and device of realizing the Mechanics Performance Testing of large deformation flexible geomembrane under two-way stretch stress state by interior ironed wall cylinder test.
Background technology
Geomembrane is a kind of flexibility, fluid-tight membranaceous macromolecule impervious material, is widely used in hydraulic engineering.The maximum feature that geomembrane is compared other impervious materials is that adaptive deformation ability is strong, its extensibility is under unilateral stretching stress condition, generally more than 100%, maximum can reach 1000%, but up-to-date engineering practice and research at present shows, geomembrane extensibility is under two-way stretch stress condition, its extensibility is less, often reach far away the extensibility of same material under unilateral stretching stress condition and just destroy, so the distortion under biaxial stress condition and mechanical characteristic are furtherd investigate very necessary to geomembrane.
Under current modal two-way stretch stress condition, the mechanical property test of material is plane crisscross sample biaxial tensile test, the principle of its test is by cruciform specimen being loaded at orthogonal both direction, and by the distortion of observation both direction, carry out the mechanical property of test material.The maximum advantage of this test is that principle is simple, directly perceived, and can realize the loading of arbitrary proportion, but its shortcoming also clearly, and maximum shortcoming is that sample is because being retrained and be difficult to obtain theoretic homogeneous stress field by fixture.
The test that another kind is realized two-way stretch stress state is interior ironed wall cylinder test, this test is mainly used in the small deformation Measurements of Material Mechanical Performance such as metal, its ultimate principle is by applying the internal pressures such as hydraulic pressure or air pressure in thin cylinder sample inside, simultaneously at Cylindorical rod to applying pulling force, make thin cylinder sample produce stress at axial and hoop both direction, during test, pass through to adjust the size of interior pressure and axial tension, until sample destroys, with this, draw mechanics parameter and the performance such as intensity, this structure of material.What for the device of this interior ironed wall cylinder test and test method, need to specify has following 3 points: one, the strain measurement of this test unit is that the mode by paste foil gauge at sample middle part surface realizes, for small deformation rigid materials such as metals, because the distortion of this class material is little, meet range and the service condition of foil gauge, so be feasible for small deformation material, but the deformation performance of geomembrane is far longer than the measuring range of foil gauge, and after sample generation large deformation, the excessive service condition that also cannot meet foil gauge of specimen surface curvature, so the strain measurement method of this test unit is infeasible to this flexible large deformation material of geomembrane, they are two years old, though this test form solved well stress equilibrium problem because the measurement of its biaxial stress and computing method are to be based upon (stress and interior pressure on the basis of sample small deformation, the amount that relates to specimen size in reduction formula between axial tension is all as the criterion with the size of testing front sample), so when the distortion of sample is larger (sample is expanded to waist-drum-shaped by cylinder type), owing to not meeting the supposition of small deformation, the measurement of its biaxial stress and computing method inevitably produce larger deviation, so when adopting this flexible large deformation material of geomembrane as test material, the large deformation impact of sample must be paid attention to, need to determine the shape and size after sample large deformation, they are three years old, the fixture of original test unit in design for be rigid material, clamp ends does not arrange corresponding teeth groove increases the effect of clamping, this fixture is when clamping geomembrane, the holding force that clamping is enough can not be provided, during test, sample is often loosening even departs from fixture, so the jig Design of test unit also needs further modification.Based on above 3 points, test unit and the test method of ironed wall cylinder test in must redesigning, for the research of large deformation flexible geomembrane two-way stretch performance.
Therefore, need a kind of new geomembrane bidirectional tensile tester and test method thereof to address the above problem.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is can not provide the defect that clamps enough holding forces for shortcoming and original test unit of mechanical test method under geomembrane biaxial stress condition when clamping sample, has proposed ironed wall cylinder test device and test method in a kind of geomembrane of considering flexible geo-membrane sample large deformation factor.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, in geomembrane of the present invention, ironed wall cylinder test device can adopt following technical scheme:
In a kind of geomembrane, press thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester, comprise with lower device: omnipotent puller system, the first collar plate shape sealing clamp, the second collar plate shape sealing clamp, image capturing apparatus, air pressure loading system, the first coupling arrangement, the second coupling arrangement, described the first collar plate shape sealing clamp is connected with the movable end of described omnipotent puller system by the first coupling arrangement, described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp is connected with the stiff end of described omnipotent puller system by the second coupling arrangement, on described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp, be provided with air admission hole and venthole, described air admission hole is provided with air admission hole valve, described venthole is provided with venthole valve, described air pressure loading system connects the air admission hole of described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp, the end of the end of described the first collar plate shape sealing clamp and described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp is provided with circular seal hoop groove and has the sealing cranse matching with described circular seal hoop groove.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, in geomembrane of the present invention, press thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester to overcome traditional interior ironed wall cylinder test device when clamping geomembrane, the defect of the holding force that clamping is enough can not be provided, the often loosening deficiency that even departs from fixture of sample during test, by sealing cranse, sample hoop is embedded in the circular seal hoop groove with caulking gum pad, guarantee that sample is not loosening when stretching.Test unit of the present invention is simple and reliable for structure, is easy to realize, and tool has great advantage compared with other complex apparatus.
Preferably, described air pressure loading system is air compressor machine air pump.
Preferably, described sealing cranse is double-deck cranse, and the hoop head that double-deck cranse all has hoop head and described two-layer cranse is staggeredly arranged.The sealing problem that has solved hoop head place, makes whole test unit have good impermeability.
Preferably, in described circular seal hoop groove, be provided with caulking gum pad.
Preferably, the groove depth of described circular seal hoop groove is 12mm-18mm, and the groove width of described circular seal hoop groove is 20mm-30mm.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, press thin cylinder sample biaxial tensile test method can adopt following technical scheme in geomembrane of the present invention:
In a kind of geomembrane, press thin cylinder sample biaxial tensile test method, adopt the interior thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester of pressing of geomembrane,
Comprise the following steps:
A, by the first collar plate shape sealing clamp and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp, thin cylinder sample is fixed on omnipotent puller system, on the sample of distance the first collar plate shape sealing clamp and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp same distance, draw two parallel mark lines, the thin cylinder sample within two mark lines is as the scope of graphical analysis;
B, open air admission hole valve, close venthole valve, open air pressure loading system, set the output pressure of air pressure loading system and also wait for pressure stability;
C, open omnipotent puller system, with the speed that is less than or equal to 3mm/min, stretch, open image capturing apparatus by being more than or equal to 20 frequency photographic images per second simultaneously, described data acquisition system (DAS) is also by identical frequency collection axial tension;
D, the picture that utilizes image capturing apparatus to take, analyze the image of the thin cylinder sample within two mark lines, draws thin cylinder sample within two mark lines axial profile length of curve L and the maximum cross section diameter D in process of the test
max, utilize following formula to calculate the axial stress of circumference stress and the maximum section part of the hoop strain of the axial strain of maximum section part, maximum section part, maximum section part, draw biaxial stress strain curve simultaneously:
The axial strain computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein L is axial profile length of a curve, H
0for the height of initial sample;
The hoop strain computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein D
maxthe diameter of maximum section, D
0for the diameter of collar plate shape sealing clamp;
The circumference stress computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein P is interior pressure size, and δ is thin cylinder specimen thickness, D
maxit is the diameter of maximum section;
The axial stress computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein P is interior pressure size, and F is axial tension, and δ is thin cylinder specimen thickness, D
maxit is the diameter of maximum section;
After e, sample destroy, close omnipotent puller system and air pressure loading system, opening venthole valve loses heart to normal pressure, set air pressure loading system in new atmospheric pressure value and on same new thin cylinder sample repeating step a to d, determine the biaxial stress strain curve under different air pressure, and according to these curves, draw the mechanical property of flexible geo-membrane under biaxial stress condition.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, press in geomembrane of the present invention the impact of the sample large deformation that thin cylinder sample biaxial tensile test method can internal ironed wall cylinder test to carry out quantizing comparatively exactly, and then realized the test to flexible geo-membrane mechanical property under two-way stretch stress condition, this test method had both been avoided plane crisscross sample biaxial tensile test stress equilibrium problem, made up again the deficiency that traditional interior ironed wall cylinder test method is only applicable to small deformation material, simultaneously, the apparatus structure that test method of the present invention adopts is simple and reliable, be easy to realize, tool has great advantage compared with other complex apparatus.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of pressing thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester in geomembrane of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of pressing the disc sealing clamp end construction of thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester in geomembrane of the present invention;
Fig. 3 presses sample entirety and micro-section of force analysis schematic diagram in thin cylinder sample biaxial tensile test method in geomembrane of the present invention;
Fig. 4 presses the maximum section part force analysis of sample schematic diagram in thin cylinder sample biaxial tensile test method in geomembrane of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment is only not used in and limits the scope of the invention for the present invention is described, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, test unit of the present invention comprises a set of 1, the first collar plate shape sealing clamp 21, the second collar plate shape sealing clamps 22 of omnipotent puller system, image capturing apparatus 3, air compressor machine air pump 4.Omnipotent puller system comprises main frame, data acquisition system (DAS) and data handling system, and air compressor machine air pump 4 is for adjusting sample internal pressure.The first collar plate shape sealing clamp 21 is the movable end with omnipotent puller system 1 by bindiny mechanism 51, and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp 22 is connected with the stiff end of omnipotent puller system 1 by bindiny mechanism 52.The end of the end of the first collar plate shape sealing clamp and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp is provided with circular seal hoop groove and has the sealing cranse 7 matching with circular seal hoop groove.This kind of fixture embeds sample hoop in the circular seal hoop groove with caulking gum pad by sealing cranse 7, guarantees that sample is not loosening when stretching.Sealing cranse 7 is double-deck cranse, and the hoop head that double-deck cranse all has hoop head and two-layer cranse is staggeredly arranged.The design of double-deck cranse can be staggeredly arranged the hoop head of double-deck cranse, has solved the sealing problem at hoop head place, makes whole test unit have good impermeability.The second collar plate shape sealing clamp 22 at stiff end place is provided with air admission hole and venthole, and air admission hole is provided with air admission hole valve, and venthole is provided with venthole valve.Pressure-loaded system 4 connects the venthole of the second disk sealing fixture.During pressurization, venthole is in closed state, and gas enters thin cylinder inside by air admission hole, and during step-down, gas is overflowed from venthole.Image capturing apparatus 3 can be recorded the specimen shape in process of the test, by analysis image, can draw the in test change procedure of overall size of sample.
The theory key of test method of the present invention be prove sample expand after maximum section be the control cross section of test, and the method for measurement of its biaxial stress strain is proposed, detailed process is as follows:
Refer to shown in 3, Zuo Bantu is the longitudinal profile along bottom surface diameter, and right half figure gets one micro-section of force analysis carrying out in its longitudinal profile.Wherein T is this tension force of micro-section (unit: N/m), and ψ is the angle of this place's tangent line and y axle, and S is the length of axial any point along contour direction to maximum section, and dS is this length of micro-section.According to micro-section of stress balance principle, can obtain following equation:
By (1a), (1b) abbreviation and after omitting high-order trace, can obtain:
(2a) formula of analysis can obtain axial tensile force T size, and contour curve length direction is constant vertically, if thin cylinder sample material character is even, on known axial profile curve, the axial stress of each point is all identical with the size of axial strain, so the axial strain of maximum section part equals the average axial strain of sample entirety, its computing formula can be expressed as:
Wherein L is axial profile length of a curve, the height that H0 is initial sample.
For sample hoop strain due to the circumferential deformation amount maximum of maximum section part, so sample in the hoop strain maximum of maximum section part, the computing formula of the hoop strain of maximum section part can be expressed as:
Wherein D
maxthe diameter of maximum section, D
0for the diameter of collar plate shape sealing clamp.
According to above-mentioned theory, derive and conclusion, thin cylinder is after sample large deformation, and the circumferential deformation maximum of maximum section, so maximum section is the control cross section of test.
Refer to shown in Fig. 4, according to the stressed force balance principle of entirety, can find, maximum section part axial stress is mainly used for the in axial direction acting force to end face and bottom surface and axial external load of equilibrium air pressure.Maximum section part circumference stress is for the dilating effect of equilibrium air pressure to maximum section.Can draw accordingly the hoop of maximum section part and the computing formula of axial stress:
Wherein P is interior pressure size, and F is axial tension, and δ is thin cylinder thickness.
In sum, can determine that the present invention tests 4 altogether of the physical quantitys of required measurement, respectively: axial profile length of curve L, maximum cross section diameter D
max, axial tension F and interior pressure P, wherein axial tension F is recorded by the pulling force sensor of omnipotent puller system 1, and interior pressure P is by the pressure regulator valve control of air compressor machine air pump.Axial profile length of curve L and maximum cross section diameter D
maxall by the captured image of image capturing apparatus 3, draw by analysis.
Concrete test method:
In geomembrane, press thin cylinder sample biaxial tensile test method, adopt in geomembrane and press thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester, comprise the following steps:
A, by the first collar plate shape sealing clamp 21) and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp 22 thin cylinder sample is fixed on omnipotent puller system 1, on the sample of distance the first collar plate shape sealing clamp 21 and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp 22 same distance, draw two parallel mark lines, the thin cylinder sample within two mark lines is as the scope of graphical analysis;
B, open air admission hole valve, close venthole valve, open air pressure loading system 4, set the output pressure of air pressure loading system 4 and also wait for pressure stability;
C, open omnipotent puller system 1, with the speed that is less than or equal to 3mm/min, stretch, open image capturing apparatus 3 by being more than or equal to 20 frequency photographic images per second simultaneously, data acquisition system (DAS) is also by identical frequency collection axial tension;
D, the picture that utilizes image capturing apparatus 3 to take, analyze the image of the thin cylinder sample within two mark lines, draw thin cylinder sample within two mark lines axial profile length of curve L and the maximum cross section diameter Dmax in process of the test, utilize following formula to calculate the axial stress of circumference stress and the maximum section part of the hoop strain of the axial strain of maximum section part, maximum section part, maximum section part, draw biaxial stress strain curve simultaneously:
The axial strain computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein L is axial profile length of a curve, H
0for the height of initial sample;
The hoop strain computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein D
maxthe diameter of maximum section, D
0for the diameter of collar plate shape sealing clamp;
The circumference stress computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein P is interior pressure size, and F is axial tension, and δ is thin cylinder specimen thickness, D
maxit is the diameter of maximum section;
The axial stress computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein P is interior pressure size, and F is axial tension, and δ is thin cylinder specimen thickness, D
maxit is the diameter of maximum section;
After e, sample destroy, close omnipotent puller system 1 and air pressure loading system 4, opening venthole valve loses heart to normal pressure, set air pressure loading system 4 in new atmospheric pressure value and on same new thin cylinder sample repeating step a to d, determine the biaxial stress strain curve under different air pressure, and according to these curves, draw the mechanical property of flexible geo-membrane under biaxial stress condition.
Wherein, air pressure loading system 4 can be air compressor machine air pump.
As shown in Figure 2, the end of the end of the first collar plate shape sealing clamp 21 and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp 22 is provided with circular seal hoop groove 6 and has the sealing cranse 7 matching with circular seal hoop groove 6.This kind of fixture embeds sample hoop in hoop groove by cranse, guarantees that sample is provided with gasket seal in not loosening circular seal hoop groove when stretching.Sealing cranse 7 is double-deck cranse, and the hoop head that double-deck cranse all has hoop head and two-layer cranse is staggeredly arranged.The hoop head of double-deck cranse is staggeredly arranged, and has solved the sealing problem at hoop head place, makes whole test unit have good impermeability.In circular seal hoop groove, be provided with caulking gum pad.The setting of caulking gum pad can better guarantee the sealing effectiveness of experimental provision.The groove depth of circular seal hoop groove is 12mm-18mm, and the groove width of circular seal hoop groove is 20mm-30mm, and the distance between circular seal hoop groove is 20mm-40mm.
As mentioned above, geomembrane biaxial tensile test method of the present invention can internal ironed wall cylinder test the impact of sample large deformation carried out quantizing comparatively exactly, and then realized the test to flexible geo-membrane mechanical property under two-way stretch stress condition, the test unit of its design and test method had both been avoided plane crisscross sample biaxial tensile test stress equilibrium problem, made up again the deficiency that traditional interior ironed wall cylinder test apparatus and method are only applicable to small deformation material, simultaneously, the present invention is simple and reliable for structure, be easy to realize, tool has great advantage compared with other complex apparatus.
Claims (4)
1. in a geomembrane, press thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester, comprise with lower device: omnipotent puller system (1), the first collar plate shape sealing clamp (21), the second collar plate shape sealing clamp (22), image capturing apparatus (3), air pressure loading system (4), the first coupling arrangement (51), the second coupling arrangement (52), described the first collar plate shape sealing clamp (21) is connected with the movable end of described omnipotent puller system (1) by the first coupling arrangement (51), described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp (22) is connected with the stiff end of described omnipotent puller system (1) by the second coupling arrangement (52), on described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp (22), be provided with air admission hole and venthole, described air admission hole is provided with air admission hole valve, described venthole is provided with venthole valve, described air pressure loading system (4) connects the air admission hole of described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp (22), it is characterized in that: the end of the end of described the first collar plate shape sealing clamp (21) and described the second collar plate shape sealing clamp (22) is provided with circular seal hoop groove (6) and has the sealing cranse (7) matching with described circular seal hoop groove (6).
2. in geomembrane as claimed in claim 1, press thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester, it is characterized in that, described sealing cranse (7) is double-deck cranse, and the hoop head that double-deck cranse all has hoop head and described two-layer cranse is staggeredly arranged.
3. in geomembrane as claimed in claim 1, press thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester, it is characterized in that: the groove depth of described circular seal hoop groove is 12mm-18mm, the groove width of described circular seal hoop groove is 20mm-30mm.
4. the interior thin cylinder sample biaxial tensile test method of pressing of geomembrane of pressing thin cylinder sample bidirectional tensile tester in the geomembrane described in employing claim 1-3 any one, comprises the following steps:
A, by the first collar plate shape sealing clamp (21) and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp (22), thin cylinder sample is fixed on omnipotent puller system (1), on the sample of distance the first collar plate shape sealing clamp (21) and the second collar plate shape sealing clamp (22) same distance, draw two parallel mark lines, the thin cylinder sample within two mark lines is as the scope of graphical analysis;
B, open air admission hole valve, close venthole valve, open air pressure loading system (4), set the output pressure of air pressure loading system (4) and also wait for pressure stability;
C, open omnipotent puller system (1), with the speed that is less than or equal to 3mm/min, stretch, open image capturing apparatus (3) by being more than or equal to 20 frequency photographic images per second simultaneously, data acquisition system (DAS) is also by identical frequency collection axial tension;
D, the picture that utilizes image capturing apparatus (3) to take, analyze the image of the thin cylinder sample within two mark lines, draws thin cylinder sample within two mark lines axial profile length of curve L and the maximum cross section diameter D in process of the test
max, utilize following formula to calculate the axial stress of circumference stress and the maximum section part of the hoop strain of the axial strain of maximum section part, maximum section part, maximum section part, draw biaxial stress strain curve simultaneously:
The axial strain computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein L is axial profile length of a curve, H
0for the height of initial sample;
The hoop strain computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein D
maxthe diameter of maximum section, D
0for the diameter of collar plate shape sealing clamp;
The circumference stress computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein P is interior pressure size, and δ is thin cylinder sample thickness, D
maxit is the diameter of maximum section;
The axial stress computing formula of maximum section part:
wherein P is interior pressure size, and F is axial tension, and δ is thin cylinder sample thickness, D
maxit is the diameter of maximum section;
After e, sample destroy, close omnipotent puller system (1) and air pressure loading system (4), opening venthole valve loses heart to normal pressure, set air pressure loading system (4) in new atmospheric pressure value and on same new thin cylinder sample repeating step a to d, determine the biaxial stress strain curve under different air pressure, and according to these curves, draw the mechanical property of geomembrane under biaxial stress condition.
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| CN105904717A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-31 | 河海大学 | Production method of PVC geomembrane cylindrical bidirectional tensile sample |
| CN107764673B (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2019-07-09 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of biaxial stress fatigue experimental device and test method |
| CN107328645B (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-09-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Thin-walled bar experimental rig and test method |
| CN108254249A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of intelligent experimental rig and its application method for being used to measure soil body tensile strength |
| CN109696356B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-01-26 | 河海大学 | Geosynthetic material tensile sample global strain field measuring device and method |
| CN110333139B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-05-14 | 大连理工大学 | Membrane shell multidirectional tensile test device based on surface deformation measurement and implementation method |
| CN114112758A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Erosion wear test device |
| CN111795894B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-08 | 四川轻化工大学 | Non-contact type method and system for measuring large deformation of uniaxial stretching of high polymer plastic material |
| CN112525702B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-07-08 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Geomembrane non-isometric ballooning test two-way unequal stress measurement method |
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