CN102656857B - Method and apparatus for acquiring and transmitting streaming media data in the process of initiation - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for acquiring and transmitting streaming media data in the process of initiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102656857B CN102656857B CN201080003494.9A CN201080003494A CN102656857B CN 102656857 B CN102656857 B CN 102656857B CN 201080003494 A CN201080003494 A CN 201080003494A CN 102656857 B CN102656857 B CN 102656857B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/14—Multichannel or multilink protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
- H04L65/612—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
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Abstract
A method and an apparatus for acquiring and transmitting streaming media data in the process of initiation are provided in the embodiments of the present invention. The acquiring method includes: acquiring a streaming media content description file; generating an acquiring request for the segment content according to the streaming media content description file and transmitting it to the server end; acquiring the streaming media data segment content corresponding to the acquiring request for the segment content from the server by using multiple Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections in the process of initiation. The embodiments of the present invention can reduce the initiation delay.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stream media technology field, the stream medium data acquisition startup stage of particularly relating to a kind of, sending method and device.
Background technology
Smooth Streaming (level and smooth Streaming Media) mechanism is a kind of based on HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)) streaming media service of agreement, can according to network condition adaptively modifying transmission code rate, to reach the object making terminal smooth playing.In the art, video content is with complete GOP (Group of Pictures, picture group) be border, a GOP or multiple GOP is encapsulated as a fragment (fragment), and the fragment of same encoder bit rate is encapsulated as a segment (burst).Packaged audio-video document leaves on HTTP Web server, client uses http protocol by the audio frequency and video burst of fragment request correspondence, and play, when user watches, just look like watching traditional Streaming Media (as RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol, real time streaming transport protocol), RTMP (Real Time Messaging Protocol, real-time messages transportation protocol)).Particularly, when user watches video by Smooth Streaming, the message interaction process of client and server mainly comprises the following steps: i. player downloads Manifest file: this Manifest file describes the information such as audio frequency and video bit rate, coding, burst rule of asked media content.The follow-up audio, video data of asking piecewise of player needs to depend on this file.Ii. player asks audio, video data piecewise, and decoding presents: client resolves the manifest file received, and according to the burst URL template provided in manifest file, generates the URL of each fragment request of audio-video frequency content.The information of bit rate, burst original position and medium type must be carried in the URL of fragment request, server end resolves bit rate, burst original position and medium type in HTTP request message, find corresponding content, responded to client by http protocol.The file of which bit rate of concrete request, player can decide according to the real network bandwidth sum client process ability detected.
Corresponding with Smooth Streaming mechanism is Dynamic Streaming (dynamic flow media), it is equally also a kind of streaming media service based on http protocol, can according to network condition adaptively modifying transmission code rate, to reach the object making terminal smooth playing.In the art, video content is with complete GOP for border, and a GOP or multiple GOP is encapsulated as a fragment, and same encoder bit rate, the fragment that GOP quantity is identical are encapsulated as a segment.Packaged audio-video document leaves on HTTP Web server, client uses http protocol by the audio frequency and video burst of fragment request correspondence, and play, when user watches, just look like at the traditional Streaming Media (as RTSP, RTMP) of viewing.Particularly, when user watches video by Dynamic Streaming, the message interaction process of client and server mainly comprises the following steps: i. player downloads f4m file: this documents describes the information such as the audio frequency and video bit rate of asked media content, coding, burst rule.The follow-up audio, video data of asking piecewise of player needs to depend on this file.Ii. player downloads bootstrap file: the metadata information that this documents describes each fragment, segment, and this file can independently exist, also can with f4m Piece file mergence.Iii. player asks audio, video data piecewise, and decoding presents: client resolves the f4m file and bootstrap file that receive, according to the burst URL template provided in f4m file, and the metadata information in bootstrap file, generate the URL of each fragment request of audio-video frequency content.In the URL of fragment request, carry bit rate and burst index information, server end resolves the bit rate in HTTP request message, and according to burst index, finds corresponding content, responded to client by http protocol.The file of which bit rate of concrete request, player can decide according to the real network bandwidth sum client process ability detected.
In Smooth Streaming scheme, total start delay by manifest issue delay, decoding buffer (buffer) filling postpone form; And in Dynamic Streaming scheme, total start delay by f4m file and bootstrap file issue delay, the filling of decoding buffer postpones to form.And the buffer that decodes filling postpone by buffer size and startup stage media content downloading speed affect.In order to reduce start delay, strengthen the viewing experience of user, player have employed with these two kinds of methods of buffer that lowest bit rate starts and setting is less.Such as, when server providing the content of 512kbps, 1Mbps and 2Mbps tri-kinds of code checks, player startup stage, the content of fixing request 512kbps.
Realizing in process of the present invention, inventor finds that in prior art, at least there are the following problems: in Smooth Streaming scheme and Dynamic Streaming scheme, although attempt to reduce start delay, but due to some restrictive conditions existed in practical application, cause the program when reality uses, start delay is still larger.Illustrate, the access bandwidth in current China's major part urban family broadband is all lower than 2Mbps, suppose to calculate with 2Mbps, due to the sequence number of each burst will be described in manifest file, duration, cause this file excessive, the film of 100 minutes, its manifest file is generally at about 500kB, this means that only downloading manifest file just may need about 2s, when buffer is set to 2, each burst 2s (recommendation), during lowest bit rate 512kbps, the download retardation theory value of front 2 media slicings is 1s, that is, in this case, start delay is not less than 3s.In fact, owing to also exist in community local area network between user the contention of bandwidth (be in essence bottom host-host protocol as between TCP, UDP to the contention of bandwidth), cause user's utilized bandwidth may lower than or be significantly less than its signing bandwidth, this means, the actual meeting of delay of the media slicing file downloaded manifest file and fill buffer is larger.At server side, network operator, in order to improve the concurrent services ability of http server, often limits the connection bandwidth of server, and this also can affect the downloading speed of stream medium data.In addition, user runs into uninterested part in viewing process, watch after often directly jumping to, after there is redirect, if the content of new position not yet downloads to this locality, then the filling being faced with decoding buffer equally postpones, current techniques directly asks lowest bit rate, postpone to reduce to fill, after consequently user may find redirect, its video quality watched obviously declines, and this obviously also have impact on the viewing experience of user.
Summary of the invention
Stream medium data acquisition startup stage that the embodiment of the present invention providing a kind of, sending method and device, to reduce start delay.
On the one hand, the stream medium data acquisition methods startup stage of embodiments providing a kind of, described method comprises: obtain streaming medium content description document; According to described streaming medium content description document, generate burst content acquisition request and send to server end, wherein, before the described burst content acquisition request of transmission, the startup stage of determining current being in; Startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end; Described determine current being in startup stage, comprise: if carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, use inquiry field has expanded the request to a part of data in burst content, then the startup stage of determining current being in; Described startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request is obtained from described server end, comprise: utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation obtains the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
On the other hand, the stream medium data sending method startup stage of embodiments providing a kind of, described method comprises: send streaming medium content description document; Receive the burst content acquisition request that client sends according to described streaming medium content description document; Startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, wherein, before sending content corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in; The startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in, comprise: if carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or use inquiry field to expand request to a part of data in burst content in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, then the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in; Startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, comprise: utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation sends the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
Another aspect, the client terminal device that the stream medium data startup stage of embodiments providing a kind of obtains, described client terminal device comprises: acquiring unit, for obtaining streaming medium content description document; Request generation unit, for according to described streaming medium content description document, generates burst content acquisition request and sends to server end; Described acquiring unit, also for startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end; Startup stage determining unit, for before the described burst content acquisition request of transmission, the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in, wherein, if carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or use inquiry field to expand request to a part of data in burst content in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, then the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in; Described acquiring unit, specifically for setting up after multiple transmission control protocol TCP is connected with described server end, utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation obtains the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
Again on the one hand, the server unit that the stream medium data startup stage of embodiments providing a kind of sends, described server unit comprises: transmitting element, for sending streaming medium content description document, request reception unit, for receiving the burst content acquisition request that client sends according to described streaming medium content description document, described transmitting element, also for startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, wherein, before sending content corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, the startup stage of determining that this client is current and be in, if carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or use inquiry field has expanded the request to a part of data in burst content in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, the startup stage of then determining that this client is current and be in, described transmitting element, specifically for setting up after described multiple transmission control protocol TCP is connected with described client, utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation sends the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect: because adopt startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of sending or obtain described, thus reach reduction start delay technique effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data acquisition methods flow chart;
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data sending method flow chart;
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention Smooth Streaming interacting message;
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention Dynamic Streaming interacting message;
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of another interacting message of embodiment of the present invention Smooth Streaming;
Fig. 6 be the embodiment of the present invention adopt non-homogeneous burst mechanism to generate startup stage the burst content schematic diagram of stream medium data;
Fig. 7 be the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data obtain client terminal device structural representation;
Fig. 8 be the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data send server unit structural representation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In existing transmission control protocol (TCP) mechanism, the response message corresponding with server end of HTTP request message during the single slicing files of client-requested is all be based upon single TCP to be connected.This make client startup stage obtain the burst content of stream medium data time, postpone comparatively large, cause video quality to decline obviously, and then affect the viewing experience of user.In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention adopt startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described, thus reduce start delay.
As shown in Figure 1, for the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data acquisition methods flow chart, described method comprises:
101, streaming medium content description document is obtained.
Optionally, described acquisition streaming medium content description document, comprising: obtain the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation obtains described streaming medium content description document.
102, according to described streaming medium content description document, generate burst content acquisition request and send to server end.
Optionally, before the described burst content acquisition request of transmission, the startup stage of determining current being in.
Optionally, according in the reception buffer zone of this locality receiving media content can reproduction time T, ask the lowest bit rate br of media content, the network transmission bandwidth w estimated, the duration t of last burst, predetermined decision threshold THD0, the startup stage of determining current whether being in.Concrete evaluation algorithm is as follows:
If T+w*t/br<THD0, then current be in startup stage;
Otherwise startup stage, terminates.
103, startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end.
Optionally, this step specifically can comprise: a, utilize streaming medium content description document, point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described, or point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by message header (HEAD) method in HTTP1.1, or point leaf length of stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by the inquiry field expanded in the URL of HTTP request message; B, according to described point of leaf length, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up multiple transmission control protocol TCP with described server end to be connected, be specifically as follows: utilize HTTP Range-Request or in the URL of HTTP request message, utilize the method for the inquiry field of expansion, set up concurrent HTTP request, these concurrent HTTP request can be sent to same station server, also different servers can be sent to, each HTTP request correspond to a TCP and connects, and so just sets up described multiple transmission control protocol TCP and connects; C, utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation obtains the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.Described startup stage in process, server end can adopt even length to point leaf length, also described startup stage, can progressively adjust burst length separation in process: if detect that network condition is excellent, then progressively increase a point leaf length; If detect that network condition is poor, then progressively reduce a point leaf length.Such as, if
Ask the code check of last burst media content to be br, the mean transmission bandwidth of last burst media content is w, and the segments of last burst is s, if s<2, makes s=2.Suppose that THD1, THD2 are respectively two decision threshold, in order to represent the quality of network condition:
If w*/br>THD1, then the segments of current slice is s-1;
If w*/br<THD2, then the segments of current slice is s+1;
Otherwise current slice number is still s.
Optionally, after the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage that described acquisition being described, described method also comprises: the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of resolving described, present the first frame video image, in broadcast window, then keep display until buffer data meets the requirement of follow-up smooth playing.
The embodiment of the present invention provide above-mentioned startup stage stream medium data acquisition methods utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described, reaches and reduces the technique effect of start delay.
As shown in Figure 2, for the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data sending method flow chart, described method comprises:
201, streaming medium content description document is sent.
Preliminary treatment: before providing streaming media service by server, network operator often needs content of multimedia to change into specific form, especially, under this business scenario of Smooth Streaming, content of multimedia will first change at least in logic can the file format of burst, preliminary treatment that Here it is.In order to reduce the broadcasting start delay of client, when preliminary treatment, for the content of multimedia of previous section, its point of leaf length is shorter, and point leaf length of aft section is then normal.
Optionally, described transmission streaming medium content description document, comprising: send the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation sends described streaming medium content description document.
202, the burst content acquisition request that client sends according to described streaming medium content description document is received.
203, startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request.
Optionally, before the content sending client-requested, the startup stage of estimating whether this client is current is in.
Optionally, according to the request message of client detect this client whether be in startup stage: if carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in this burst, or use inquiry field to expand request to a part of data in this burst in the URL of HTTP request message, then the startup stage of representing that this client is current and be in.
Optionally, describedly multiple transmission control protocol TCP is utilized to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, comprising: before sending content corresponding to burst content acquisition request described in client, the startup stage of determining that this client is current and be in; Described startup stage, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up described multiple transmission control protocol TCP with client and be connected; Utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation sends the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.Described startup stage in process, server end can adopt even length to point leaf length, also described startup stage, can progressively adjust burst length separation in process: if detect that network condition is excellent, then server end progressively increases a point leaf length; If detect that network condition is poor, then server end progressively reduces a point leaf length.Optionally, the burst content of the stream medium data that described transmission described burst content acquisition request is corresponding, comprise: described startup stage, improve the data transmission bandwidth upper limit threshold to this client, such as to twice under normal circumstances, to push the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request fast.Optionally, the burst content of the stream medium data that described transmission described burst content acquisition request is corresponding, can also comprise: the burst content sending the stream medium data adopting non-homogeneous burst mechanism to generate.
The embodiment of the present invention provide above-mentioned startup stage stream medium data sending method utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of sending described, reaches and reduces the technique effect of start delay.
In order to the start delay of player when user watches Internet video effectively can be reduced, first analyze each the possible factor causing delay, then formulated the scheme of the present embodiment targetedly, thus reduce start delay.First, in order to reduce the delay issuing description document, the embodiment of the present invention makes full use of the content compression mechanism supported in HTTP1.1 agreement, the compressed capability of entity in the http response that provides support on the server, like this, when the request of server customer in response end, need to provide through overcompression (http protocol support gzip, deflate two kinds of compressed formats) content, and in the entity head of response message, add Content-Encoding field, the compressed format [RFC2616] that mark uses.Because the Manifest file used in existing Smooth Streaming scheme is all text formattings, the file of this form has higher compression ratio, therefore the Manifest file size after compression can significantly reduce, thus significantly can reduce this file issue delay.
Secondly, in order to reduce start delay further, the embodiment of the present invention startup stage adopt many TCP (Transmission Control Protocol, transmission control protocol) to connect mechanism, quick obtaining fills the burst content of buffering area, thus reaches the object started fast.Particularly, after player obtains and has resolved Manifest, generate URL (the Uniform Resource Locator of request burst content, URL(uniform resource locator)), such as, http://host:port/ [path/] program.ism/QualityLevels (100000)/Fragments (video=1234567890) for MS HTTP Streaming, for Adobe HTTP Streaming, be then http://host:port/ [path/] programSegX-FragY.Use multiple TCP connections quick obtaining content fragment, can by the mechanism of the Range-Request (range of requests) in HTTP1.1, namely client uses request header Range=xxx-yyyy to represent the bytes range of downloading contents in request message, in order to first obtain the length of the content fragment that will ask, client can obtain the length of the burst that will ask by HEAD (message header) method in HTTP1.1.For MS Smooth Streaming, as shown in Figure 3, be the schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention Smooth Streaming interacting message, comprise the steps:
301-304, acquisition * .xap file and Manifest file.
305-312, judge current being in startup stage? then adopt multiple TCP connections segmentation to obtain burst content:
According in the reception buffer zone of this locality receiving media content can reproduction time T (initial value is 0), ask the lowest bit rate br of media content (obtaining in Manifest file), the network transmission bandwidth w (initial value is that Manifest file size is divided by the total time obtaining Manifest file) estimated, the duration t of last burst (obtains in Manifest file, initial value is 0), predetermined decision threshold THD0 (such as 10s), the startup stage of determining current whether being in.Concrete evaluation algorithm is as follows:
If T+w*t/br<THD0, then current be in startup stage;
Otherwise startup stage, terminates.
Startup stage in, the HEAD method of http protocol can be utilized to obtain the length of burst content.Specific as follows:
Client-requested: HEAD http://host:port/ [path/] program.ism/QualityLevels (100000)/Fragments (video=0000000).
Server side respond: 200OK r nContent-Length:256001 ... r n r n.
Then the Range-Request ability segmentation of http protocol is utilized to obtain burst content.Client-requested:
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism/QualityLevels(100000)/Fragments(video＝0000000)\r\nRang?e＝0-128000\r\n...\r\n\r\n
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism/QualityLevels(100000)/Fragments(video＝0000000)\r\nRang?e＝128001-256000\r\n...\r\n\r\n
Server responds:
206Partion\r\nContent-Range＝0-128000\r\n…\r\n\r\n
206Partion\r\nContent-Range＝128001-256000\r\n…\r\n\r\n
Like this, for this burst, client and server is set up two TCP simultaneously and is connected, and uses a HTTP request segmentation to obtain this burst content respectively, after the segmented content obtaining response respectively, two segmentations are stitched together in order and can obtain complete burst content.
313-316, crossed startup stage, enter normal phase, then do not re-use multiple TCP connections, but obtain burst content, i.e. client request message normally:
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism/QualityLevels(100000)/Fragments(video＝0000000)\r\n...\r\n\r\n
Server side response message:
200OK
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism/QualityLevels(100000)/Fragments(audio＝0000000)\r\n...\r\n\r\n
Server side response message:
200OK
……
In normal phase, only each content using a HTTP message request to obtain a burst, can not increase the weight of the concurrent pressure of server like this.
Although this burst be divide into 2 sections in this example, actual can independently determine how segmentation by client when using.
Such as, the code check of asked last burst media content can be set as br, and the mean transmission bandwidth of last burst media content is w, and the segments of last burst, for being s, if s<2, makes s=2.Suppose that THD1, THD2 are respectively two decision threshold, in order to represent the quality of network condition.
If w*/br>THD1, then the segments of current slice is s-1;
If w*/br<THD2, then the segments of current slice is s+1;
Otherwise current slice number is still s.
Due to the diversity of client, the situation that client does not support the mechanism of the Range-Request in HTTP1.1 may be there is, in this case, can by the distortion of above mechanism, final realization uses multiple TCP to connect and obtains content.Such as, can by the URL of HTTP request message, the scope of the content utilizing Query (inquiry field) character string identification of expansion to ask.For Adobe Dynamic Streaming, as shown in Figure 4, be the schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention Dynamic Streaming interacting message, comprise the steps:
401-404, acquisition * .swf file and the f4m file through overcompression, client-requested:
GET?http://host:port/[path/]program.f4m
Server responds: 200ok/r/nContent-Encoding:gzip.../r/n/r/n
405-410, judge current being in startup stage? then adopt multiple TCP connections segmentation to obtain burst content:
According in the reception buffer zone of this locality receiving media content can reproduction time T (initial value is 0), ask the lowest bit rate br of media content (obtaining in f4m file), the network transmission bandwidth w (initial value is that f4m file size is divided by the total time obtaining f4m file) estimated, the duration t of last burst (obtains in f4m file, initial value is 0), predetermined decision threshold THD0 (such as 10s), the startup stage of determining current whether being in.Concrete evaluation algorithm is as follows:
If T+w*t/br<THD0, then current be in startup stage;
Otherwise startup stage, terminates.
Startup stage in, the HEAD method of http protocol can be utilized to obtain the length of burst content.Specific as follows:
Client-requested: HEAD http://host:port/ [path/] programSegX-FragY
Server side respond: 200OK r nContent-Length:256001 ... r n r n
Then, the Range-Request ability segmentation of http protocol is utilized to obtain burst content.Client-requested:
GET?http://host:port/[path/]programSegX-FragY？Range＝0-128000\r\n...\r\n\r\n
GET?http://host:port/[path/]programSegX-FragY？Range＝128001-256000\r\n...\r\n\r\n
Server responds:
200OK\r\nContent-Length＝128001\r\n…\r\n\r\n
200OK\r\nContent-Length＝128000\r\n…\r\n\r\n
Like this, for this burst, client and server side are set up two TCP simultaneously and are connected, and use a HTTP request segmentation to obtain this burst content respectively, after the segmented content obtaining response respectively, two segmentations are stitched together in order and can obtain complete burst content.
411-414, crossed startup stage, enter normal phase, then do not re-use multiple TCP connections, but obtain burst content, i.e. client request message normally:
GET?http://host:port/[path/]programSegX-FragY
Server side response message:
200OK
GET?http://host:port/[path/]programSegX-FragY+1
Server side response message:
200OK
……
In normal phase, only each content using a HTTP message request to obtain a burst, can not increase the weight of the concurrent pressure of server like this.
Although this burst be divide into 2 sections in this example, actual can independently determine how segmentation by client, same previous embodiment when using.In this case, need server side to coordinate, Query field can be identified.
In like manner, if client does not support the HEAD method in HTTP1.1, then also need by Query field notification server client the length obtaining this burst.For MS Smooth Streaming, as shown in Figure 5, be the schematic flow sheet of another interacting message of embodiment of the present invention Smooth Streaming, comprise the steps:
501-504, acquisition * .xap file and Manifest file.
The startup stage that 505-512 judging whether to be in (with above embodiment), startup stage in, utilize this message of method notification server of the inquiry field expanded in the URL of HTTP request message to need to inquire about the length of a certain burst content.Specific as follows:
Client-requested: GET http://host:port/ [path/] program.ism/QualityLevels (100000)/Fragments (video=0000000)? Head
Server side respond: 200OK r nContent-Length:6 r n ... 256001 r n r n
Then, the Range-Request ability segmentation of http protocol is utilized to obtain burst content.Client-requested:
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism/QualityLevels(100000)/Fragments(video＝0000000)\r\nRang?e＝0-128000\r\n...\r\n\r\n
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism/QualityLevels(100000)/Fragments(video＝0000000)\r\nRang?e＝128001-256000\r\n...\r\n\r\n
Server responds:
206Partion\r\nContent-Range＝0-128000\r\n…\r\n\r\n
206Partion\r\nContent-Range＝128001-256000\r\n…\r\n\r\n
Like this, for this burst, client and server side are set up two TCP simultaneously and are connected, and use a HTTP request segmentation to obtain this burst content respectively, after the segmented content obtaining response respectively, two segmentations are stitched together in order and can obtain complete burst content.
513-516, crossed startup stage, enter normal phase, then do not re-use multiple TCP connections, but obtain burst content, i.e. client request message normally:
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism.ism/QualityLevels(2436000)/Fragments(video＝100000000)
Server side response message:
200OK
GET
http://host:port/[path/]program.ism.ism/QualityLevels(64000)/Fragments(audio＝101362358)
Server side response message:
200OK
……
In normal phase, only each content using a HTTP message request to obtain a burst, can not increase the weight of the concurrent pressure of server like this.
Although this burst be divide into 2 sections in this example, actual can independently determine how segmentation (same to previous embodiment) by client when using.
In order to reduce start delay further, server side can video content startup stage quick customer in response end request.Because in actual applications, network operator, in order to have higher concurrent capability by Deterministic service utensil, often limits the bandwidth setting in single TCP connection.At this moment, some transformation can be done on the server, when server receives the request of client, see the Range-Request that client-requested employs Range-Request or uses Query to realize, when replying response message, the maximum bandwidth that can connect by increasing TCP is accelerated to send response message, to reduce start delay further.
At some time, server side may not support the compression mechanism of HTTP1.1, in order to reduce the delay issuing description document, this gives the implementation that a kind of segmentation issues description document.
Generate at server side the file (being referred to as secondary description document in the present embodiment) that describes manifest file, its content is the length describing public part in manifest file, Video part, Audio part;
During user's program request, first such as player asks secondary description document as client, if not this file, then carries out according to original HTTP Streaming flow process, first asks complete manifest file, ask follow-up burst media file after parsing piecewise; If obtain this secondary description document, then can enable quick startup scheme, be specially:
Resolve secondary description document, obtain the length of each several part in manifest file, such as, public part 123, video section 45678, audio-frequency unit 43210;
Use HTTP component requests, first obtain public part, the 1/N of video section, the 1/N of audio-frequency unit, wherein N is a suitable integer, such as, as N=5, Range:bytes=0-122 is used, 123-9159,45801-54442 in the header field of HTTP request, if client or server end do not support this header field, then can utilize the method in similar embodiment one, by the URL of extended requests, realize Range-Request;
After obtaining the manifest of part, can resolve and start to ask the burst information of audio frequency and video;
After acquired mainfest finishes using, use similar method segment requests remainder, when realizing, should be noted that the splicing of the two sections of contents in front and back.
It should be noted that, comprise abundant burst index information in the part manifest that guarantee first obtains, when manifest total length too small (such as, being less than 10kB), do not need segment requests manifest file; In playing process, after the burst index information in current portions manifest file is finished using, then request issues ensuing 1/N part.
Secondly, in order to reduce start delay further, the present embodiment adopts the mechanism of multiple TCP connections, and quick obtaining fills the burst content of buffering area, thus reaches the object started fast.The similar previous embodiment of concrete scheme, repeats no more in the present embodiment.
Again, for some player, can support that single frames is play, like this, can be postponed by the further optimal startup of way showing the first frame fast.Particularly, exactly after player receives the data of the first frame, decoders decode display can be given the data of the first frame, but in order to the fluency of follow-up play can be ensured, need to keep certain data in the buffer, therefore, frame data just display one frame data can not be received, but after demonstrating the first two field picture, in display window, keep the first two field picture until the data in buffering area reach minimum broadcasting threshold value, then continue to play subsequent frame.Like this, by this scheme, start delay can be made to reduce further.
Especially, the buffering area for some player is counting instead of in units of the time in units of burst number, and namely player starts broadcasting after receiving N sheet media content fragmenting to present, instead of start after the media content fragmenting receiving M second to play.At this moment, by using the mode of non-homogeneous burst, playout-delay can be reduced.Specifically, when being exactly on the server to media content preliminary treatment, less burst is adopted, such as previous section each burst duration 1s to the previous section of content; Normal burst is adopted to the aft section of content, such as aft section each burst duration 2s.Further, more complicated slicing scheme can be adopted, as shown in Figure 6, for the embodiment of the present invention adopt non-homogeneous burst mechanism to generate startup stage the burst content schematic diagram of stream medium data.Adopt this burst mechanism, effectively can reduce playout-delay.
First the above embodiment of the present invention analyzes the factor causing HTTP Streaming start delay, then proposes corresponding solution respectively for often kind of factor, thus reaches the object reducing start delay.
As shown in Figure 7, for the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data obtain client terminal device structural representation, described client terminal device comprises:
Acquiring unit 71, for obtaining streaming medium content description document;
Request generation unit 72, for according to described streaming medium content description document, generates burst content acquisition request and sends to server end;
Described acquiring unit 71, also for startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end.
Optionally, described client terminal device can also comprise: startup stage determining unit 74, for before the described burst content acquisition request of transmission, the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in.Startup stage determining unit 74, specifically for according in the reception buffer zone of this locality receiving media content can reproduction time, ask the lowest bit rate of media content, the network transmission bandwidth estimated, whether the duration of last burst and predetermined decision threshold, the startup stage of determining that client is current and be in.Described acquiring unit 71, specifically for obtaining the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation obtains described streaming medium content description document.
Optionally, described acquiring unit 71, specifically for utilizing streaming medium content description document, point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described, or point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by the message header method in HTTP1.1, or point leaf length of stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by the inquiry field expanded in the URL of HTTP request message; According to described point of leaf length, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up after multiple transmission control protocol TCP is connected with described server end, utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation obtains the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
Described startup stage in process, point leaf length that described acquiring unit 71 obtains adopts even length, or described startup stage, progressively adjust burst length separation in process: if detect that network condition is excellent, then described server end progressively increases a point leaf length; If detect that network condition is poor, then described server end progressively reduces a point leaf length.
Optionally, described client terminal device can also comprise: display unit 73, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of for resolving described, presents the first frame video image, in broadcast window, then keep display until buffer data meets the requirement of follow-up smooth playing.
The above-mentioned client terminal device that the embodiment of the present invention provides utilizes multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described, reaches the technique effect reducing start delay.
As shown in Figure 8, for the embodiment of the present invention a kind of startup stage stream medium data send server unit structural representation, described server unit comprises:
Transmitting element 81, for sending streaming medium content description document;
Request reception unit 82, for receiving the burst content acquisition request that client sends according to described streaming medium content description document;
Described transmitting element 81, also for startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request.
Optionally, described transmitting element 81, specifically for sending the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation sends described streaming medium content description document.
Optionally, described transmitting element 81, specifically for before sending content corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, the startup stage of determining that this client is current and be in; Described startup stage, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up after described multiple transmission control protocol TCP is connected with described client, utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation sends the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
Optionally, described startup stage in process, point leaf length that described transmitting element 81 sends adopts even length, or progressively adjusts burst length separation in process described startup stage: if detect that network condition is excellent, then server end progressively increases a point leaf length; If detect that network condition is poor, then server end progressively reduces a point leaf length.
Optionally, described transmitting element 81, specifically for improving the upper limit threshold of the data transmission bandwidth of described client to push the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request fast described startup stage.
Optionally, described transmitting element 81, specifically for send adopt non-homogeneous burst mechanism to generate described startup stage the burst content of stream medium data.
Whether optionally, described transmitting element 81, is further used for according to from the Range-Request request field whether comprising Range-Request header field in the request message of client or expand, the startup stage of judging that this client is current and be in.
Server unit in the embodiment of the present invention can be media server physically, also can be a network, such as CDN (Content Delivery Network, content distributing network) network.
The above-mentioned server unit that the embodiment of the present invention provides utilizes multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of sending described, reaches the technique effect reducing start delay.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step realized in above-described embodiment method can carry out instruction related hardware by program to have come, described program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium, this program is when performing, comprise above-mentioned all or part of step, described storage medium, as: ROM/RAM, disk, CD etc.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection range be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. stream medium data acquisition methods startup stage, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Obtain streaming medium content description document;
According to described streaming medium content description document, generate burst content acquisition request and send to server end, wherein, before the described burst content acquisition request of transmission, the startup stage of determining current being in;
Startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end;
Described determine current being in startup stage, comprising:
If carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, use inquiry field has expanded the request to a part of data in burst content, then the startup stage of determining current being in;
Described startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end, comprising:
Utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation obtains the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described acquisition streaming medium content description document, comprising:
Obtain the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation obtains described streaming medium content description document.
3. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end, comprising:
Utilize described streaming medium content description document, point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described, or point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by the message header method in HTTP1.1, or point leaf length of stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by the inquiry field expanded in the URL of HTTP request message;
According to described point of leaf length, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up multiple transmission control protocol TCP with described server end and be connected.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described startup stage in process, point leaf length adopts even length, or progressively adjusts burst length separation in process described startup stage: if detect that network condition is excellent, then described server end progressively increases a point leaf length; If detect that network condition is poor, then described server end progressively reduces a point leaf length.
5. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, after the burst content of the stream medium data that described acquisition described burst content acquisition request is corresponding, described method also comprises:
Resolve the burst content of described stream medium data, present the first frame video image, in broadcast window, then keep display until buffer data meets the requirement of follow-up smooth playing.
6. stream medium data sending method startup stage, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Send streaming medium content description document;
Receive the burst content acquisition request that client sends according to described streaming medium content description document;
Startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, wherein, before sending content corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in;
The startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in, comprising:
If carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or use inquiry field to expand request to a part of data in burst content in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, then the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in;
Startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, comprising:
Utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation sends the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described transmission streaming medium content description document, comprising:
Send the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation sends described streaming medium content description document.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, comprising:
Described startup stage, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up described multiple transmission control protocol TCP with described client and be connected.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that,
Described startup stage in process, point leaf length adopts even length, or progressively adjusts burst length separation in process described startup stage: if detect that network condition is excellent, then server end progressively increases a point leaf length; If detect that network condition is poor, then server end progressively reduces a point leaf length.
10. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the burst content of the stream medium data that described transmission described burst content acquisition request is corresponding, comprising:
Improve the upper limit threshold of the data transmission bandwidth of described client to push the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request fast described startup stage.
11. methods as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the burst content of the stream medium data that described transmission described burst content acquisition request is corresponding, comprising:
Send the burst content of the stream medium data adopting the described burst content acquisition request of non-homogeneous burst mechanism generation corresponding.
The client terminal device that stream medium data startup stage of 12. 1 kinds obtains, it is characterized in that, described client terminal device comprises:
Acquiring unit, for obtaining streaming medium content description document;
Request generation unit, for according to described streaming medium content description document, generates burst content acquisition request and sends to server end;
Described acquiring unit, also for startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, obtain the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request from described server end;
Startup stage determining unit, for before the described burst content acquisition request of transmission, the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in, wherein, if carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or use inquiry field to expand request to a part of data in burst content in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, then the startup stage of determining that described client is current and be in;
Described acquiring unit, specifically for setting up after multiple transmission control protocol TCP is connected with described server end, utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation obtains the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
13. client terminal devices as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, described acquiring unit, and specifically for obtaining the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation obtains described streaming medium content description document.
14. client terminal devices as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described acquiring unit, specifically for utilizing streaming medium content description document, point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described, or point leaf length of the stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by the message header method in HTTP1.1, or point leaf length of stream medium data startup stage of obtaining described by the inquiry field expanded in the URL of HTTP request message; According to described point of leaf length, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up multiple transmission control protocol TCP with described server end and be connected.
15. client terminal devices as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described client terminal device also comprises:
Display unit, the burst content of the stream medium data startup stage of for resolving described, presents the first frame video image, in broadcast window, then keep display until buffer data meets the requirement of follow-up smooth playing.
The server unit that stream medium data startup stage of 16. 1 kinds sends, it is characterized in that, described server unit comprises:
Transmitting element, for sending streaming medium content description document;
Request reception unit, for receiving the burst content acquisition request that client sends according to described streaming medium content description document;
Described transmitting element, also for startup stage utilize multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, send the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, wherein, before sending content corresponding to described burst content acquisition request, the startup stage of determining that this client is current and be in, if carry Range-Request header field in HTTP request message to represent that the content of request is the part in burst content, or use inquiry field has expanded the request to a part of data in burst content in the uniform resource position mark URL of HTTP request message, the startup stage of then determining that this client is current and be in,
Described transmitting element, specifically for setting up after described multiple transmission control protocol TCP is connected with described client, utilize described multiple transmission control protocol TCP to connect, segmentation sends the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request simultaneously.
17. server units as claimed in claim 16, is characterized in that, described transmitting element, and specifically for sending the described streaming medium content description document through the compression of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) http protocol, or segmentation sends described streaming medium content description document.
18. server units as claimed in claim 16, is characterized in that, described transmitting element, specifically for described startup stage, by concurrent HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTTP message, set up described multiple transmission control protocol TCP be connected with described client.
19. server units as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that,
Described startup stage in process, point leaf length that described transmitting element sends adopts even length, or progressively adjusts burst length separation in process described startup stage: if detect that network condition is excellent, then server end progressively increases a point leaf length; If detect that network condition is poor, then server end progressively reduces a point leaf length.
20. server units as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, described transmitting element, specifically for improving the upper limit threshold of the data transmission bandwidth of described client to push the burst content of stream medium data corresponding to described burst content acquisition request fast described startup stage.
21. server units as claimed in claim 16, is characterized in that, described transmitting element, specifically for send adopt non-homogeneous burst mechanism to generate described startup stage the burst content of stream medium data.
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| CN103634383B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2016-11-23 | 北京奇虎科技有限公司 | Multi-link subsection method for down loading based on mobile terminal and mobile terminal |
| CN105100008B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2018-06-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | The method and relevant device of content distribution in content center network |
| KR102216125B1 (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2021-02-16 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method, apparatus and system for scheduling transmission and reception of media contents |
| CN105208440B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2019-03-12 | 暴风集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method and system that MP4 format video plays online |
| CN105228001B (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2018-11-06 | 暴风集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method and system that FLV format videos play online |
| CN107040505B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2021-01-26 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Media data transmission method and device |
| CN108234433A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | For handling the method and apparatus of video traffic |
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