CN102652751A - Pharmaceutical composition containing cefotaxime, preparation of composition, and preparation method of composition - Google Patents
Pharmaceutical composition containing cefotaxime, preparation of composition, and preparation method of composition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing cefotaxime, a preparation of the composition, and a preparation method of the composition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is used for treating bacterial infection. The pharmaceutical composition consists of the cefotaxime or salt of the cefotaxime and clavulanic acid or salt of the cefotaxime, which are in a mass ratio being equal to 1:1-15:1. The pharmaceutical composition has a better antibacterial effect and solves the problem of drug resistance caused by the independent use of the cefotaxime.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical field, be specifically related to a kind of pharmaceutical composition that contains cefotaxime and preparation and method for preparing of treating bacterial infection.
Background technology
Beta-lactam antibiotic is one type of antibiotic that chemical constitution has beta-lactam nucleus, and this type of antibiotic has that bactericidal activity is strong, toxicity is low, indication extensively reaches the good advantage of clinical efficacy.
And along with the extensive use of beta-lactam antibiotic, the resistant rate of various bacterial antibiotics also day by day increases, and drug-fast reason is roughly following:
Antibacterial produces beta-lactamase (penicillinase, cephalosporinase etc.) and makes the hydrolysis of susceptible antibiotic and deactivation; The stable penbritin of the beta-lactamase that gram-negative bacteria is produced and second and third cephalosporin in generation; Its drug resistance mechanism be not since antibiotic by the beta-lactam enzyme hydrolysis; But because antibiotic and a large amount of rapid, strong bonded of beta-lactamase; It is stayed in the after birth external series gap, thereby can not get into target position (PBPs) generation antibacterial action.The non-hydrolysis mechanism of this kind beta-lactamase is called " pining down mechanism " (trapping mechanism) again; PBPs target protein and antibiotic affinity reduce, PBPs increases or produce new PBPs all can make antibiotic lose antibacterial action.For example MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus) has multi-drug resistant; Its generation mechanism is the result that PBPs changes; Height drug resistance system is owing to produce a kind of new PBP2 ' (being PBP2a) between original PBP2 and the PBP3, low, moderate drug resistance system since the output of PBPs increases or descend with the affinity of methicillin etc. due to; The cell wall of antibacterial or the permeability changes of adventitia can not or seldom get into antibiotic and arrive target site in the bacterial body.The adventitia of gram-negative bacteria is the first road barrier that the restriction beta-lactam antibiotic penetrates thalline; Owing to antibacterial lacks the drug resistance that bacterial antibiotic appears in autolytic enzyme, promptly antibiotic has normal bacteriostasis, but bactericidal action is poor.
Wherein, Said bacteriogenic beta-lactamase (being induction type beta-lactamase (inducible enzyme) and extended spectrum (ultra wide spectrum enzyme)) makes the antibiotic hydrolysis and deactivation; It is the main mechanism of bacterial resistance in the current anti-infective therapy clinically, brings new difficulty for antibiotic treatment.Extended spectrum is mainly produced by enterobacteriaceae, serves as main representative with Klebsiella Pneumoniae and escherichia coli especially, and the extended spectrum bacterial drug resistance is high.
Solve the main path development of new drug resistance antibiotics of antibacterial Beta-lactam medicine at present, or the exploitation drug combination.
Cefotaxime is a third generation cephalosporin, has been widely used in clinically, but along with extensive number of applications, bacterial drug resistance constantly produces.
How to solve the drug resistance problem that cefotaxime produced when clinical use more effectively is those skilled in the art's emphasis content always.
Summary of the invention
To above technological deficiency; The present invention provides a kind of pharmaceutical composition of treating bacterial infection; Said pharmaceutical composition is made up of cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt, and the mass ratio of wherein said cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt is 1: 1-15: 1.
According to pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, as one of embodiment, the mass ratio of said cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt is 2: 1,3: 1,5: 1,8: 1 or 15: 1.
According to pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, as one of preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of said cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt is 2: 1 or 3: 1.
According to the pharmaceutical composition of treatment bacterial infection of the present invention, as one of embodiment, the salt of said cefotaxime includes but not limited to the sodium salt of cefotaxime, potassium salt or amino butanetriol salt; Be preferably sodium salt or potassium salt; The best is a cefotaxime sodium.Salt as one of embodiment, said clavulanic acid comprises sodium salt, potassium salt, two amine salt or t-octanylamine salt; Be preferably sodium salt or potassium salt; The best is a clavulanate potassium;
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation that contains the above pharmaceutical composition on the other hand, and wherein said preparation comprises the above pharmaceutical composition of 0.1-100% and the pharmaceutic adjuvant of 0-99.9% in mass.
Those skilled in the art can combine this area general knowledge, adopt the conventional technology in this area, and pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is processed various forms of preparations.Preparation according to the invention includes but not limited to injection, oral formulations; Wherein said injection includes but not limited to injection, injection powder pin (like lyophilized powder, spray drying powder etc.); Said oral formulations includes but not limited to that tablet, granule, capsule maybe can reconstitute moisture syrupy powder form.Said tablet includes but not limited to conventional sheet, coated tablet, fast-release tablet, slow releasing tablet, dispersible tablet or effervescent tablet.
According to preparation of the present invention, as one of embodiment, the per unit preparation of said injection can contain the said pharmaceutical composition of 0.4～4g, and for example, the per unit injectable powder comprises cefotaxime sodium 1.00g and clavulanate potassium 0.5g; Or comprise cefotaxime sodium 2.00g and clavulanate potassium 1g.
According to injection of the present invention; As one of embodiment; Be preferably injectable powder, when being injectable powder, can not contain any pharmaceutic adjuvant in the said injectable powder; That is: get the aseptic powder of cefotaxime or its salt and aseptic powder uniform mixing, fill in proportion under aseptic condition of clavulanic acid or its salt respectively, jump a queue and make with aluminium lid sealing.
The final reaction solution of its corresponding product that the aseptic powder of the aseptic powder of said cefotaxime or its salt, clavulanic acid or its salt can be bought from market, the conventional method in employing this area prepares, for example can adopt the prior art preparation is directly through aseptic filtration, and washing, vacuum drying obtain; Or adopt directly get corresponding solid material with solvent (as including but not limited to water for injection) dissolving, aseptic filtration, then vacuum drying, promptly get.
When the said injectable powder of invention carried out clinical use, glucose solution that usefulness is used clinically or sodium chloride solution or water for injection dissolved said preparation, promptly can be used for patient's clinical treatment.
Pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has better antibacterial effect, has improved the drug resistance problem that independent use cefotaxime is produced.
The relative hydrolysis rate that experiment showed, the cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium of the different proportionings of the present invention all significantly is lower than the cefotaxime sodium list with (P＜0.01).Modal escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae are belonged to, and clavulanic acid all has the enzyme effect that well presses down, and relative hydrolysis rate all makes an appointment with＜38%, and there were significant differences (P＜0.01) than cefotaxime sodium.The enzyme relative hydrolysis rate of cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 2: 1 and 3: 1 groups does not relatively have significant difference (P＞0.05), and relative hydrolysis rate is lower than 5: 1 at 2: 1, there were significant differences in 8: 1,15: 1 (P＜0.01); The enzyme protection rate that presses down of cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 2: 1 and 3: 1 was significantly higher than cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 5: 1,8: 1 and 15: 1 (P＜0.01).
Description of drawings
The different ratios with clavulanate potassium of Fig. 1 cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium to the antibacterial curve ratio of beta-lactamase escherichia coli accumulation MIC;
The different ratios with clavulanate potassium of Fig. 2 cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium to the antibacterial curve ratio of beta-lactamase Klebsiella Pneumoniae accumulation MIC;
The different ratios with clavulanate potassium of Fig. 3 cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium to the antibacterial curve ratio of beta-lactamase staphylococcus aureus accumulation MIC;
The different ratios with clavulanate potassium of Fig. 4 cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium to the antibacterial curve ratio of beta-lactamase enterobacter cloacae accumulation MIC.
The specific embodiment
The present invention further sets forth the present invention through following examples and experimental example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
The preparation of cefotaxime aseptic powder
Get cefotaxime sodium 40g, add injection water 350g, after the stirring and dissolving; Add the 0.5g active carbon, the filtration in 30 minutes of decolouring, filtrating is carried out aseptic filtration through two-stage filter membrane (0.45um, 0.2um) again; To filtrate slowly joins in the aseptic dehydrated alcohol of 1339g, slowly is cooled to 18 ℃, slowly stirs 3 hours; Filter, with twice of aseptic dehydrated alcohol (47g * 2) washing leaching cake.Discharging, wet feed change in the vacuum desiccator, 50 ℃, 0.09MPa, vacuum drying 3h.Rewinding gets aseptic cefotaxime sodium 35.2g.
The preparation of clavulanate potassium aseptic powder
Get clavulanate potassium 30g, add injection water 29g, after the stirring and dissolving; Add the 0.35g active carbon, the filtration in 30 minutes of decolouring, filtrating is carried out aseptic filtration through two-stage filter membrane (0.45um, 0.2um) again; Filtrating is joined in the aseptic n-butyl alcohol of 980g, be cooled to 0 ℃, stirred 2 hours; Filter, with twice of aseptic n-butyl alcohol (36g * 2) washing leaching cake.Discharging, wet feed change in the vacuum desiccator, 30 ℃, 0.09MPa, vacuum drying 6h.Rewinding gets aseptic clavulanate potassium 25.8g.
Precision takes by weighing cefotaxime sodium aseptic powder 1.00g and clavulanate potassium aseptic powder 0.5g, under gnotobasis, mixes, and sterile powder for injection is processed in fill.
Embodiment 4
Precision takes by weighing cefotaxime sodium aseptic powder 2.00g and clavulanate potassium aseptic powder 0.67g, under gnotobasis, mixes, and sterile powder for injection is processed in fill.
Precision takes by weighing cefotaxime sodium aseptic powder 1.00g and clavulanate potassium aseptic powder 0.20g, under gnotobasis, mixes, and sterile powder for injection is processed in fill
Embodiment 6
Precision takes by weighing cefotaxime sodium aseptic powder 2.00g and clavulanate potassium aseptic powder 0.25g, under gnotobasis, mixes, and sterile powder for injection is processed in fill.
Embodiment 7
Precision takes by weighing cefotaxime sodium aseptic powder 2.00g and clavulanate potassium aseptic powder 0.13g, under gnotobasis, mixes, and sterile powder for injection is processed in fill.
Precision takes by weighing cefotaxime sodium aseptic powder 2.00g and clavulanate potassium aseptic powder 1g, under gnotobasis, mixes, and sterile powder for injection is processed in fill.
Experimental example 1
1. experiment material
1.1 medicine and instrument
Cefotaxime sodium and clavulanate potassium are Zhuhai Federated Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Zhongshan Branch and provide; Different proportioning cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium (2: 1,3: 1,5: 1,8: 1,15: 1) are pressed embodiment 3,4,5,6,7 preparations respectively.
TCYQ constant temperature is hatched shaking table, Taicang experimental facilities factory product.
The JY92-II ultrasonic cell disruptor, NingBo XinZhi Biology Science Co., Ltd's product.
GL-20G-II type High speed refrigerated centrifuge, Anting Scientific Instrument Factory, Shanghai's product.
1.2 culture medium
Nutrient agar (Mueller-Hinton Agar), lot number: 100325, specification: 250g, Beijing three medicine scientific and technological development Company products;
MH nutrient broth (Mueller-Hinton Broth), lot number: 20100306, specification: 250g, the extensive and profound in meaning star biotechnology in Beijing Co., Ltd product;
MH agar culture medium (Mueller-Hinton Broth), lot number: 081023, specification: 250g, Beijing three medicine scientific and technological development Company products;
1.3 bacterial strain
Type strain: it is escherichia coli that 5 strain standards are produced the enzyme strain
Test strain: the clinical isolates strain that this experiment is selected for use is preserved escherichia coli 60 strains, Klebsiella Pneumoniae 60 strains, staphylococcus aureus 50 strains, enterobacter cloacae 30 strains for bacteriological labororatory of Dage International Medicine S. & T. (Beijing) Co., Ltd..
Quality Control bacterial strain: escherichia coli ATCC25922, staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923
2. experimental technique
2.1 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is measured
Measure the MIC value with NCCLS standard plate doubling dilution; Do Quality Control with reference culture ATCC25922 and ATCC25923, it is 128～0.125mg/L that antibacterials are measured concentration range, is growth control with the culture medium that does not contain antibacterials, and with the dibbling of multiple spot inoculation appearance, every contains bacterium about 10
4Individual, hatch observed result behind 18～24h for 35 ℃.The minimum concentration of contained drug is minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the plate of asepsis growth.
2.2 the preparation of beta-lactam enzyme extract
Selected bacterium is inoculated on the ordinary nutrient agar flat board 37 ℃ of incubated overnight; A picking 2-3 bacterium colony is processed bacteria suspension, is inoculated among the nutrient broth 100mL; Put on 37 ℃, 150r/min constant temperature shaking table and hatch 18h; 4 ℃ of low temperature, the centrifugal 10min of 6000r/min, separating thallus is abandoned supernatant, and precipitate washes 2 times with the phosphate buffer of 0.1mol/L, pH7.0.Under the similarity condition, centrifugal once again after, precipitate is processed bacteria suspension with the phosphate buffer 3mL of 0.01mol/L, pH 7.0.With the ultrasonication machine, under condition of ice bath, with bacterial cell disruption, after the fragmentation, 4 ℃ of low temperature 20000r/min of bacterium liquid ultracentrifugation 1h.Supernatant is the beta-lactam zyme extract.With the enzyme packing, put-70 ℃ of preservations.
Identify with Nitrocefin (nitrocefin) paper disk method and detect the beta-lactam zyme extract.
2.3 survey percent hydrolysis with ultraviolet spectrophotometer
With PBS (pH 7.0) the preparation beta-lactamase antibiotic of 0.01mol/L, before and after the overstriking enzyme, do the substrate spectral scan respectively with ultraviolet spectrophotometer, zymolyte is respectively 1x10
-4Mol/L cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium add different proportion clavulanate potassium (mass ratio 2: 1,3: 1,4: 1; 8: 1,15: 1), cefotaxime sodium is constant; Clavulanate potassium is reduced in proportion, selects absworption peak to change maximum wavelength (256nm) for measuring wavelength.
In the 6ml substrate, add the thick liquid of 50 μ L, other gets substrate 6mL and adds 0.01mol/L, pH7.0 phosphate-buffered 50 μ L; Behind the mixing, in 37 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control, reaction 15～20min; In selected wavelength; Absorbances (A) value changes before and after measuring enzyme reaction. and calculate the percent hydrolysis of enzyme, and be 100%, calculate the antibiotic relative hydrolysis rate of other ratio respectively with the percent hydrolysis of cefotaxime sodium to substrate.
Enzyme hydrolysis rate=(A value before enzyme-added-enzyme-added back A value)/enzyme-added preceding A value * 100%
Relative hydrolysis rate=each medicine enzyme hydrolysis rate/cefotaxime sodium percent hydrolysis * 100%
Press down enzyme protection rate=(substrate hydrolysis rate
The unrestraint agent-substrate hydrolysis rate
The system of inhibition is arranged)/substrate hydrolysis rate
The unrestraint agent* 100%
3. result
3.1 cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium and clavulanate potassium ratio antibacterial activity are relatively
200 strain clinical isolates strains are seen table 1 to the MIC result of cefotaxime sodium and different proportioning cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium (2: 1,3: 1,5: 1,8: 1,15: 1).Table 1 result shows that different proportioning cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium press down the enzyme effect and are higher than cefotaxime sodium; Except that 13 strain bacterium to the cefotaxime sodium sensitivity; All the other bacterial strains are all to cefotaxime sodium drug resistance (being＞128 μ g/mL), add (2: the 1 escherichia coli MIC for example of MIC value reduction behind the clavulanate potassium
50Be 0.25 μ g/mL, Klebsiella Pneumoniae MIC
50Be 0.125 μ g/mL, staphylococcus aureus MIC
50Be 0.25 μ g/mL, enterobacter cloacae MIC
50Be 0.25 μ g/ml).And cefotaxime sodium and 2: 1,3: 1 antibacterial activity of clavulanate potassium ratio obviously are superior to 5: 1,8: 1,15: 1.The result sees table 1, Fig. 1～4.
Table 1 cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium thereof and clavulanate potassium ratio antibacterial activity are relatively
3.2 the different ratios with clavulanate potassium of cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium are to beta-lactam
The stability of enzyme
The relative hydrolysis rate of relative hydrolysis rate cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium (2: 1,3: 1,5: 1,8: 1,15: 1) is seen table 2.Beta-lactamase all significantly is lower than the cefotaxime list with (P＜0.01) to the relative hydrolysis rate of the cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium of different proportionings.Modal escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae are belonged to, and clavulanate potassium all has the enzyme effect that well presses down, and relative hydrolysis rate all makes an appointment with＜38%, and there were significant differences (P＜0.01) than cefotaxime sodium.The enzyme relative hydrolysis rate of cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 2: 1 and 3: 1 groups does not relatively have significant difference (P＞0.05), and relative hydrolysis rate is lower than 5: 1 at 2: 1, there were significant differences in 8: 1,15: 1 (P＜0.01), sees table 2, table 2-1.
The relative hydrolysis rate (%) of table 2 cefotaxime sodium and the different ratios of clavulanate potassium
The relative hydrolysis rate (%) (
n=5) of table 2-1 cefotaxime sodium and the different ratios of clavulanate potassium
Annotate: with comparison in 2: 1,
*P＜0.01.
Press down enzyme rate enzyme inhibitor clavulanate potassium table 3 is seen in the enzyme protection effect that presses down of beta-lactam enzyme hydrolysis cefotaxime sodium.The enzyme protection rate that presses down of cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 2: 1 and 3: 1 was significantly higher than cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 5: 1,8: 1 and sees table 3 with 15: 1 (P＜0.01), shows 3-1.
Table 3 cefotaxime sodium and the different ratios of clavulanate potassium press down enzyme rate (%)
Table 3-1 cefotaxime sodium and the different ratios of clavulanate potassium but enzyme rate (%) (
n=5)
Annotate: with comparison in 2: 1,
*P＜0.01.
4. conclusion
After 4.1 cefotaxime sodium adds clavulanate potassium; Can improve the bacteriostasis of cefotaxime sodium; The antibacterial activity of 2: 1,3: 1 pair escherichia colis of cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium, Klebsiella Pneumoniae is stronger, and its antibacterial activity obviously is superior to 5: 1,8: 1,15: 1.
4.2 beta-lactamase all significantly is lower than the cefotaxime sodium list with (P＜0.01) to the relative hydrolysis rate of the cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium of different proportionings.Clinical isolates belongs to modal escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, and clavulanate potassium all has the enzyme effect that well presses down, and relative hydrolysis rate all makes an appointment with＜38%, and there were significant differences (P＜0.01) than cefotaxime sodium.The enzyme relative hydrolysis rate of cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 2: 1 and 3: 1 groups does not relatively have significant difference (P＞0.05), and relative hydrolysis rate is lower than 5: 1 at 2: 1, there were significant differences in 8: 1,15: 1 (P＜0.01).
4.3 the enzyme protection rate that presses down of cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 2: 1 and 3: 1 does not relatively have significant difference (P＞0.05), cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 2: 1 with 3: 1 but the enzyme protection rate was significantly higher than cefotaxime sodium/clavulanate potassium 5: 1,8: 1 and 15: 1 (P＜0.01).
Claims (8)
1. a pharmaceutical composition of treating bacterial infection is characterized in that, said compositions is made up of cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt, and wherein the mass ratio of cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt is 1: 1-15: 1.
2. pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mass ratio of said cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt is 2: 1,3: 1,5: 1,8: 1 or 15: 1.
3. pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the mass ratio of said cefotaxime or its salt and clavulanic acid or its salt is 2: 1 or 3: 1.
4. pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the salt of said cefotaxime is sodium salt, potassium salt or the amino butanetriol salt of cefotaxime.
5. pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the salt of said clavulanic acid is sodium salt, potassium salt, two amine salt or t-octanylamine salt.
6. a preparation that contains the arbitrary said pharmaceutical composition of claim 1-5 is characterized in that, said preparation is an injectable powder.
7. preparation according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the per unit preparation of said injectable powder contains cefotaxime sodium 1.00g and clavulanate potassium 0.5g; Or contain cefotaxime sodium 2.00g and clavulanate potassium 1g.
8. the method for preparing of claim 6 or 7 said injectable powder is characterized in that said method is: get the aseptic powder of cefotaxime or its salt and the aseptic powder of clavulanic acid or its salt respectively, and uniform mixing under the gnotobasis, sterile powder for injection is processed in fill.
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