Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of mine air quality composite index and ventilated energy-saving linked system, this system is that the data that toxic gas and dust concentration detected in real time taking used on down-hole mining surface (or key operation stage casing) are as foundation, the allowable concentration simultaneously specifying according to China's Mine Safety in Production method and operation place poisonous and harmful substance exposure limit, use modernization Automatic Measurement Technique, mechanics of communication, network technology, automatic technology, converter technique is formulated the standard value of mine air quality composite index, again by air quality composite index and ventilation system master, the energy-conservation interlock control of auxiliary fan, reach and both ensure that face quality of air environment is good, can reduce to a certain extent again the object of mine ventilation system ventilation cost.
Technical problem solved by the invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
Mine air quality composite index and ventilated energy-saving linked system, comprise carbon monoxide detector, hydrogen sulfide transmitter, sulfur dioxide detector, nitrogen dioxide transmitter, dust probe, PLC, main fan and main fan frequency converter, Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) and LAN, described carbon monoxide detector, hydrogen sulfide transmitter, sulfur dioxide detector, nitrogen dioxide transmitter is all connected PLC input with dust probe, described PLC output connects main fan frequency converter, described main fan frequency converter connects main fan, described PLC is connected with Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) is two-way, described Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) connects LAN.
Mine air quality composite index and ventilated energy-saving linked system, also comprise auxiliary fan and auxiliary fan frequency converter, and described auxiliary fan connects auxiliary fan frequency converter, and described auxiliary fan frequency converter connects PLC output.
beneficial effect:
1, improve the ventilation effect in nonferrous mine used on down-hole mining surface (or key operation stage casing), improved underground labour's operating environment.In the time of face air quality composite index high (air ambient is poor), the full speed running of main (auxiliary) fan, gets rid of or dilution poisonous and harmful substance in time, ensures that face air quality composite index is less than 22.08.Make nonferrous mine face the most common to operating personnel endanger five kinds of maximum poisonous and harmful substances (CO,, SO
2, H
2s, N0
2and dust) all the time lower than national sanitary standard, guarantee that face air ambient is good.
2, set up mine ventilation system divide at times season energy saving control system of frequency conversion in use, reduced the more than 14% of nonferrous metal mine underground ventilating system ventilation energy consumption.
3, the production air ambient of mine excavation face is detected online, can make production safety management personnel show online the condition of understanding underground work face by Industrial Personal Computer (IPC), and can file function to daily data call analysis by system, the operating environment that improves face for site safety management from now on improves foundation.
4, coal mine excavation face air quality composite index and the interlock of ventilation frequency conversion energy-saving system are controlled, realized, by degree of contamination, main and auxiliary fan is carried out to energy-conservation interlock digitlization scientific management, further guarantee face air ambient safety.Change the annual 365 days irrational situations of main and auxiliary fan full-speed operation in current mine, can meet better the requirement of safety in production and dust control by ventilation, can reach again significant energy-saving effect.
5, divide at times on the basis of energy saving control system of frequency conversion in use model in season in mine ventilation system, divide at times season energy saving control system of frequency conversion in use to be combined face air quality composite index and mine ventilation system, further improve the safety of face air ambient.When face air quality poor, when composite index is high, automatically master (auxiliary) fan is sent to instruction by Industrial Personal Computer (IPC), improve the running speed of main (auxiliary) fan, accelerate the eliminating (dilution) of poisonous and harmful substance in face air, ensure face production operation personnel's safety.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make technological means of the present invention, creation characteristic, workflow, using method reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
Mine air quality comprehensive index assessment model, this model is according to the security regulations of China's Mine Safety in Production method and non-ferrous metal industry, adopts MIC-300 series transmitter (gas probe) to carry out scene tracking sampling analysis while growing to the air of main face.The gas concentration signal of gained is delivered to host computer and is produced following effect after collector: the one, and ventilation full-time administrative department can, by calculating face air quality composite index, make relevant administrative department understand in real time face air quality situation; The 2nd, direct formation control electric current carries out instant energy-conservation interlock control by frequency conversion system to main fan running speed, both guarantees face air quality thereby reach, and can save again the object of ventilation energy consumption.The setting up procedure of face air quality composite index is: utilize the main poisonous concentration of harmful substance of face air collecting, use scale separate index number to quantize the harmfulness of individual event nuisance, its method is the pollution separate index number that calculates various pollutants by concentration of narmful substance, each pollution separate index number the maximum is face air quality composite index, and corresponding this pollutant is the primary pollutant in underground air.Can judge face air ambient situation according to face air index after this, instruct main fan science running.
1.1 face air inlet air wind matter requirements
China's " metal and nonmetal mine safety code " to the requirement of underground ventilating inlet air wind matter is: the composition of air (by volume calculating) in down-hole mining work plane air intake, and oxygen is not less than 20%, and carbon dioxide should be higher than 0.5%.The wind regime dustiness of inlet air roadway and getting working face, should be no more than 0.5mg/m
3.In the air in underground work place, the exposure limit of hazardous substances should be no more than the regulation of " workplace harmful factors Exposed limit value ".
According to " regulation of workplace harmful factors Exposed limit value (GBZ2.1-2007), table 1 will be asked for an interview to several main toxic and harmful concentration in underground work place by China, will ask for an interview to table 2 to down-hole humiture.
Table 1 underground air quality specifications
Note: 1. other nitrogen oxide are converted into NO
2concentration.
2. PC-TWA(permissible concentration-time weighted average) for the average admissible concentration of time weight, the 8h working day specifying taking the time as flexible strategy, 40h work week on average allow exposure concentration.
3. PC-STEL(permissible concentration-short term exposure limit) STEL, observing the concentration of allowing the short time (15min) contact under PC-TWA prerequisite.
4. because hydrogen sulfide only has MAC(threshold limit value in " workplace harmful factors Exposed limit value ") regulation, it is short-time contact concentration that this place continues to use the concentration allowing in mine ventilation, 1/2 of its value is time weight average allowable concentration.
Table 2 digging operation place meteorological condition regulation
Dry-bulb temperature DEG C |
Relative humidity % |
Wind speed m/s |
Remarks |
≤28 |
Do not specify |
0.5 1 1.0 |
The upper limit |
≤26 |
Do not specify |
0.3~0.5 |
To suitable |
≤18 |
Do not specify |
≤0.3 |
Increase the warming amount of work clothes |
Because of temperature humidity different to people's injury principle from noxious material in down-hole work plane air, we consider, the amenity being caused by temperature humidity should carry out special item, and the index of evaluating at present weather conditions comfortableness has its degree of card, heat stress index etc.
The actual conditions of summary non-ferrous metal underground mines, the statement of face air quality composite index threatens maximum toxic gas and dust to include computer capacity in to safety in production common 4 kinds of mines in table 1.
The calculating of 1.2 face air quality composite indexes
1, in face air quality composite index noxious material determine
The quality of air quality depends on the degree of contamination that endangers maximum pollutant in various pollutants.What mine was common threatens maximum noxious material to be 5 kinds of carbon monoxide listed earlier, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, dust to safety in production, therefore the main factor of evaluating of 5 using these 5 kinds of materials as face air quality composite index.When after the concentration determination out of each noxious material in face air, calculate the separate index number of each material, face air quality composite index API=max(I
1, I
2, I
3, I
4, I
5).
2, face air quality separate index number
calculating
According to City Air Pollution Index design formulas, the design formulas of face air quality composite index pollutant separate index number is:
In formula:
i---the pollution separate index number of i kind pollutant;
i---the concentration value of i kind pollutant;
i,j---the pollution subitem exponential quantity of i kind pollutant j node;
i, j+l---the pollution subitem exponential quantity of i kind pollutant j+1 node;
i,j---on j node i kind pollutant (corresponding to
i, j+1) concentration value;
i, j+l---on j+1 node i kind pollutant (corresponding to
i, j+1) concentration value;
Due to kind, the node concentration of ground air pollution index to pollutant arrange etc. from mine excavation work plane to air quality require different, so getting working face air comprehensive index can not be used for reference ground pollution index completely and calculate data used, must according to self actual conditions select common, the maximum pollutant of safety in production harm is detected, simultaneously also should be according to associated safety requirement, set calculating mine excavation face air quality and divide material node concentration and node point index.
Each node concentration arranges:
In air, the extent of injury of poisonous and harmful substance and the relation of pollutant levels are piecewise linear functions, are serpentine, and two is slow, middle steep.According to correlative study, allow between exposure limit concentration in background concn to the short time, in the time that pollutant levels become geometric ratio to change, the harm causing becomes equal difference to change.Therefore can taking inlet air wind matter in " metal and nonmetal mine safety code " require or " workplace harmful factors Exposed limit value " (GBZ2.1-2007) in the PC-TWA of regulation as certified concentration value, PC-STEL obviously endangers concentration value, can injure health as the upper limit taking gas concentration, face air quality is divided into 4 grades, calculates each gas node concentration and background concn in table 3 according to geometric ratio rule.
Each pollutant node under table 3 face air quality composite indexes at different levels
The gas concentration relation corresponding with face air quality is in table 4:
Table 4 face air quality and the corresponding table of each pollutant node concentration
Degree of having gas concentration |
Between background concn and one-level concentration (qualified) |
Between one-level concentration and two-stage concentration (danger) |
Between two-stage concentration and three grades of concentration (injury concentration) |
Be greater than three utmost point concentration (murther) |
Air quality |
One-level |
Secondary |
Three grades |
Level Four |
There is toxic gas node concentration table, can, by face air Fast Measurement (sensor), understand face air quality state, instructed the energy-conservation linkage management of ventilation system, made the operation of ventilation system be more suitable for production requirement.But several air pollutant concentrations to be simplified and become single conceptual exponential number form, and classification sign Air Quality, also need to carry out separate index number calculating.
Each scale separate index number calculates:
Face air quality composite index adopts separate index number to quantize grading evaluation to the harmfulness of individual event nuisance, and separate index number is by scale separate index number, and each gas scale separate index number design formulas is:
K
j=lg(C
jk/C
j0)/lga
j?
In formula: C
jk---the measured concentration value of nuisance j
C
j0---the background concn value of nuisance j, get content value in normal atmosphere herein
A
j---the importance ratio of the adjacent two-stage of nuisance j, a
j=(C
jd/ C
j0)
1/9, wherein C
jdfor the obviously concentration value of harm of nuisance j.
With inlet air wind matter in " metal and nonmetal mine safety code " require or " workplace harmful factors Exposed limit value " (GBZ2.1-2007) in the PC-TWA(of regulation 8h working day of specifying taking the time as flexible strategy, 40h work week on average allow exposure concentration) as certified concentration value.STEL PC-STEL(is observing the concentration of allowing the short time (15min) contact under PC-TWA prerequisite) for obviously endangering concentration value.Calculate each gas concentration scale separate index number of each grade face air quality in table 5.
The each pollutant node of table 5 face air quality composite index concentration scal separate index number
Toxic title |
One-level (certified concentration) |
Secondary (danger) |
Three grades (injury) |
Carbon monoxide (CO) |
6.01 |
6.67 |
9.00 |
Hydrogen sulfide (H
2S)
|
8.49 |
8.74 |
9.00 |
Sulfur dioxide (SO
2)
|
6.84 |
7.70 |
9.00 |
Nitrogen dioxide (NO
2)
|
7.25 |
8.11 |
9.00 |
Dust |
4.16 |
6.25 |
9.00 |
To after the scale separate index number normalizing of each pollutant in each grade, carry out broad sense weighted average, can draw face air quality composite index separate index number.In table 6.
Table 6 face air quality composite index separate index number
One-level (certified concentration) |
Secondary (danger) |
Three grades (injury) |
0~22.08 |
22.08~27.71 |
27.71~45 |
According to above-mentioned mine air quality comprehensive index assessment model, design the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, mine air quality composite index and ventilated energy-saving linked system, comprise carbon monoxide detector, hydrogen sulfide transmitter, sulfur dioxide detector, nitrogen dioxide transmitter, dust probe, PLC, main fan and main fan frequency converter, auxiliary fan and auxiliary fan frequency converter, Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) and LAN, described carbon monoxide detector, hydrogen sulfide transmitter, sulfur dioxide detector, nitrogen dioxide transmitter is all connected PLC input with dust probe, described PLC is connected with Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) is two-way, described Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) connects LAN, described PLC output connects respectively main fan frequency converter and auxiliary fan frequency converter, described main fan frequency converter connects main fan, auxiliary fan frequency converter connects auxiliary fan.
The present invention installs probe (sensor) at used on down-hole mining surface by gas componant, detect online as basis taking gas and dust concentration, the noxious material concentration that probe detects is sent to programmable logic controller (PLC) by analog signal, change into data signal and be sent to Industrial Personal Computer (IPC), the data signal each face being sent by Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) is filed, online demonstration, after signal analysis etc. are processed, produce ventilation system master, auxiliary fan control figure signal, this signal changes into analog signal output to main by PLC, auxiliary fan frequency converter, thereby complete ventilation system master, the control of auxiliary fan rotating speed.
The present invention is directed to the full speed running 24 hours every days of the main and auxiliary fan of current nonferrous mine and produce the unbalanced actual conditions of required airflow, the difference of producing actual required airflow in conjunction with China's climatic characteristic and different period mines, set up mine ventilation system divide at times season energy saving control system of frequency conversion in use model, fully meeting under the prerequisite of mine down-hole production required airflow, reach energy-conservation object.
The present invention divides at times in mine ventilation system on the basis of energy saving control system of frequency conversion in use model in season, divide at times season energy saving control system of frequency conversion in use to be combined face air quality composite index and mine ventilation system, further improve the safety of face air ambient.When face air quality poor, when composite index is high, automatically master (auxiliary) fan is sent to instruction by Industrial Personal Computer (IPC), improve the running speed of main (auxiliary) fan, accelerate the eliminating (dilution) of poisonous and harmful substance in face air, ensure face production operation personnel's safety.
Simply be illustrated as: the object of mine ventilation is got rid of the poisonous and harmful substance in face (or key operation stage casing) exactly, in the time of rock drilling, explosion key operation, poisonous and harmful substance concentration is high, at this moment need main and auxiliary fan rotating speed fast, the large poisonous and harmful substance of getting rid of in time of air quantity producing, otherwise down-hole is not key operation, output is again little, or festivals or holidays are when stop production to overhaul, down-hole poisonous and harmful substance concentration is very low or do not have, at this moment main and auxiliary fan low cruise, supplies with ventilation system security personnel air quantity.Its energy-saving effect can reflect by data and table 7.
The corresponding table of table 7 main fan operating condition production status and face composite index
From above-mentioned discussion, produce the different actual conditions of different times required airflow according to mine down-hole, take the means that change operating mode can realize effectively energy-conservation to main fan.Simultaneously, consider again the particularity that mine produces, as the eremacausis such as ore, mine timber produces noxious material, the noxious material that explosion produces can be ensconced in loose quick-fried heap slowly to discharging in air etc., in the time that these face noxious material concentration exceed safe condition, adjust in time main fan operating condition, discharge rapidly the airborne noxious material of face, reach and both ensure face air-safety, object that again can be energy-conservation.
Its main innovate point of the present invention and key technology are as follows:
(1) nonferrous mine used on down-hole mining surface air quality index research
This research belongs to innovative technology, proposes first coloured mine air quality composite index evaluation theory.This technology is by selected coloured mine air, the most common to five of security threat maximum kinds of poisonous and harmful substances, comprise that carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, dust are as evaluating the factor, using the allowable concentration of China's law, rules and regulations as node concentration, calculate the scale separate index number of each gas node by scale separate index number, scale separate index number is carried out being added as mine air quality composite index after broad sense weighting.This index is unified mutually with the expression pattern of current atmospheric air pollution index, and by can fully reflect the operating environment situation of face to the evaluation of mine air quality, its result is very clear.
(2) coal mine excavation face poisonous and harmful substance is detected in real time
This research belongs to application innovation.Four kinds of gases of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide of harmfulness maximum in used on down-hole mining surface (or key operation stage casing) air and dust are carried out detecting in real time for 24 hours its object: one is the concentration that detects taking reality as according to drawing face air quality composite index size; Another is the operating environment situation of the reflection face (or key operation stage casing) of comprehensive overall process, realizes safe and scientificization management, has particularly improved the security control ability in the manufacturing process of mine.
(3) the energy-conservation linkage technique of the main and auxiliary fan of face air quality composite index and ventilation system
This research belongs to technological innovation, according to the allowable concentration of the poisonous and harmful substance of face and national Specification, through theoretical research and detection in real time, draws poisonous and harmful substance node concentration, scale separate index number and air quality composite index.In the time that face air quality composite index is large, illustrate that, in face air, poisonous and harmful substance concentration is high, at this moment the corresponding raising air quantity of the rotating speed of main and auxiliary fan increases, and can get rid of fast face poisonous and harmful substance.If face poisonous and harmful substance concentration reduces or gets rid of completely, face air quality composite index is little, and now main and auxiliary fan rotating speed decreases, and enters the energy-saving operation state manually setting, thereby reaches the object of saving electric energy.
More than show and described general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and manual, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.