CN102643096B - Method and device for preparing gradient material containing continuously changed components - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing gradient material containing continuously changed components Download PDFInfo
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- CN102643096B CN102643096B CN201110430550.3A CN201110430550A CN102643096B CN 102643096 B CN102643096 B CN 102643096B CN 201110430550 A CN201110430550 A CN 201110430550A CN 102643096 B CN102643096 B CN 102643096B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for preparing a gradient material containing continuously changed components. The method comprises the following steps: controlling the rotation speed of a stepping motor by a computer control system according to designed gradient material components; driving an extrusion screw by virtue of the stepping motor so as to extrude two or more materials in a certain proportion from two or more charging hoppers at a preset speed; evenly mixing the extruded materials in a powder mixing device and piling gradient powder in a deposition mould; and carrying out cold-press molding and then sintering to obtain the gradient material containing continuously changed components. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and practicable and can be used for preparing the gradient material containing multiple components and any controllable structure without any dispersing agents.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device of preparing component continually varying gradient material, more specifically to a kind of method and device that adopts computer control Screw Extrusion speed to prepare component continually varying gradient material.
Background technology
Gradient material is a kind of advanced composite material growing up the 1980s.The composition of gradient material, structure is at material thickness or length direction is continuous or quasi-continuous variation, and performance also changes in gradient.Gradient material is selected two kinds of different materials of (or multiple) performance, by changing continuously the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of material, its interface is disappeared and cause the performance of material slowly to change along with the variation of the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of material, forms function-graded material.Compare with conventional composite materials, gradient material, in the advantage of performance bi-material, can also improve cohesive strength widely, effectively alleviates unrelieved stress and thermal stresses.Using gradient material as transition layer, connect inconsistent bi-material, the material particularly differing greatly for two kinds of thermal expansivity, as W/Cu gradient material, the thermal stresses while adopting gradient-structure transition effectively to alleviate high temperature, high-temperature behavior and the thermal shock resistance of raising material.
The method of preparing at present gradient material mainly contains powder metallurgic method, chemical vapour deposition, physical vapor deposition, spraying method, self-spread synthesizing method, coating produced by laser cladding method etc.Chemical Vapor deposition process and physical vaporous deposition cost are high, and can only be used for preparing thin-film material.Spraying method and coating produced by laser cladding are also the preparation for coating conventionally.Powder art metallurgy method is prepared gradient material, normally first adopts lay-up method, cosedimentation method etc. to prepare gradient material green compact, and then sintering is made gradient material.But still there is the interface of layer and layer in gradient material prepared by lay-up method, does not form continuous gradient-structure, and this is a very large shortcoming for preparing high-performance gradient material.Cosedimentation method can realize the continuous transition of material component, yet settling process is difficult to control the component distribution of gradient material, and very high to the requirement of powder and sedimentation liquid, complex process.
Chinese patent application CN1510069A discloses a kind of method of preparing polymer gradient functional materials by coextruding method, and it to component and performance requriements, carries out fraction batching by feed composition in gradient ratio according to made polymer gradient material; Configured fraction batching is added in the feeding device of forcing machine step by step by the required feeding quantity of the gradient function of material and the funtcional relationship of process period; Control the temperature of outlet of extruder within the scope of material melting temperature, extrude the sheet melting material strip that 0.25～3mm is thick; Reel again or laminate, making the polymer gradient material that the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes changes in gradient.This method obviously can obtain default Gradient distribution more accurately, preparation efficiency has also obtained lifting, but under the limited stack number of plies, if form layer, can not pass through the mutual diffusion of bonding interface phase, be not enough to obtain continuous variation, interface between layers also will weaken the performance of material, strictly speaking can not be called continuous gradient functional material.Moreover its implementation process is complicated, and production process is many, only can obtain the goods of some simple shape and specified shape, is difficult to prepare complex-shaped goods and continuous section bar, is not suitable for the preparation of the gradient material of dystectic metal matrix and ceramic base.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technique simple, hold manageable method and the device of preparing component continually varying gradient material, by computer system control, improve control accuracy and production efficiency.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A method of preparing component continually varying gradient material, comprises the following steps:
A) component parameter, extrusion screw rod 4 rotating speeds and the powder feeding rate quantitative relationship of default gradient material and the step of extrusion screw rod 4 rotating speeds and the funtcional relationship of process period in computer control system;
B) by the rotation of computer control system 1 control step motor 5, and drive extrusion screw rods 4 from charging hopper 2, to extrude the step of material powder 3 by predetermined speed and powder feeding rate by stepper-motor 5;
C) material powder 3 of extruding evenly mixes the step that is incorporated in formation of deposits component continually varying powder accumulation 7 in deposition mould 8 in meal mixer 6;
D) powder accumulation 7 is gradient material green compact through coldmoulding, then sintering obtains the step of gradient material.
Specifically, the present invention adopts computer control system 1 according to the parameter arranging, and sends instruction control stepper-motor 5 and rotates, and stepper-motor 5 drives extrusion screw rod 4 that material powder 3 is extruded from charging hopper 2, fall into meal mixer 6 mixed, be deposited on afterwards in mould 8; In the process of deposition, computer control system synchronously changes the rate of extrusion of two kinds of powders, thereby realizes gradually changing of component, until the gradient material that complete design requires.Its process is: according to the requirement of the Composition Design of gradient material, set on computers gradient material composition with the parameter of variation in thickness; Determine the quantitative relationship of screw speed and two kinds of powder powder feeding rates of screw rod powder conveyer; Computer is according to the data of composition, screw speed and powder feeding rate on each thickness of gradient material, accurately control the rotating speed of two stepper-motors, stepper-motor drives the screw rod of screw rod powder conveyer, powder in two hoppers is extruded in the ratio of design requirements, and two kinds of powders are deposited in mould after overmulling powder device; Computer is the variation with thickness according to gradient material composition, synchronously control the powder feed rate of two kinds of powders, until complete the powder of gradient material, pile up, then coldmoulding obtains composition continually varying gradient material green compact, then obtains through oversintering the gradient material that component meets design requirements.
In a preferred embodiment, described material powder 3 is two or more powders, can prepare thus one-component or polycomponent continually varying gradient material.
By controlling the rotating speed of extrusion screw rod 4, control the extruded velocity of material powder 3, thereby control the ratio of powder, when stepper-motor 5 is controlled respectively more than two extrusion screw rod 4 and rotated, by controlling the rotating speed of extrusion screw rod 4, thereby control the ratio of two or more powders.Further, described extrusion screw rod 4 can be any one or the combination in twin screw or multiscrew.
The component of described gradient material is continuous, can also be that component distributes arbitrarily.Further, the component of described gradient material distributes by increasing or decreasing or interval mode.
The invention still further relates to a kind of device for the preparation of component continually varying gradient material, comprise computer control system 1, stepper-motor 5, extrusion screw rod 4, charging hopper 2, meal mixer 6 and deposition mould 8; Computer control system 1 is connected with stepper-motor 5 and controls its rotating speed; Stepper-motor 5 is connected with extrusion screw rod 4 and drives its rotation; Extrusion screw rod 4 is through charging hopper 2 and material powder 3 is extruded to the meal mixer 6 falling under being arranged in, and is provided with deposition mould 8 under meal mixer 6.
One preferred embodiment in, the quantity of the described stepper-motor 5 of employing is identical with the species number of material powder 3.By different stepper-motor 5, control respectively corresponding extrusion screw rod 4 and rotate, according to the difference of extrusion screw rod 4 rotating speeds, obtain extruding the specified proportion of powder, thereby control the continuous variation of component.When material powder 3 is two kinds of components, adopt 2 stepper-motors 5 to control respectively two extrusion screw rods 4 and rotate, by predetermined proportion, extrude respectively two kinds of mixing of materials.
Described meal mixer 6 is common mixed powder device, can adopt motor-operated foliated lamellar to stir the mode of mixed powder or the mode of mixing powder by air-flow, but be not limited to this.One preferred embodiment in, described meal mixer 6 consists of the cylindrical cavity 10 of superposed funnel-form cavity 9 and bottom, by electric motor 11 drivening rods 12, rotates, connecting rod is provided with blade 13.Preferably, meal mixer 6 is provided with multistage blade 13, and the number of every grade blade 13 has several, is generally more than two.Electric motor 11 drivening rod 13 rotations, two kinds of powders are in falling process, and the blade being rotated mixes for more than 13 time, realizes uniformly and mixing.
Advantage of the present invention has: (1) can prepare the gradient material of polycomponent, arbitrary structures as required; (2) structure of gradient material is more easily accurately controlled; (3) adopt computer automation to control, technique is simple, without using liquid dispersant, without the granularity of test powder, size-grade distribution and to particle classifying; (4) can prepare large-sized block gradient material.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram for the preparation of component continually varying gradient material.
Fig. 2 is the structure for amplifying schematic diagram of meal mixer.
embodiment
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention is done to further expansion explanation, but it is pointed out that manufacture method of the present invention is not limited to use the device of this ad hoc structure.Obviously be understandable that for those skilled in the art, even if the following description content does not make any adjustments or revises, also can be directly applied for the equipment in these unspecified other types or structure.Fig. 1 is for the preparation of the device schematic diagram of component continually varying gradient material, comprising: wherein, 1 is computer control system, charging hopper 2, material powder 3, extrusion screw rod 4, stepper-motor 5, meal mixer 6, powder accumulation 7, deposition mould 8.
The interface of computer control system 1 connects stepper-motor 5, the rotating shaft of stepper-motor 5 is connected with extrusion screw rod 4, extrusion screw rod 4 is through the charging hopper 2 that material powder 3 is housed, and the discharge port below of charging hopper 2 is meal mixers 6, and meal mixer 6 belows are for accepting the mould 8 of deposition powder.
The method of preparing component continuous gradient material the present invention relates to, the steps include:
A) component of design gradient material distributes
The composition that the conventional power function of design of gradient material is described gradient material distributes, and for the gradient material (supposing that component is A, B) of two kinds of components, its expression formula can be expressed as:
F wherein
a(x), f
b(x) be respectively the volume fraction of component A, B, the thickness that L is gradient material, a, b are constant, P is component dispersion index.
B) determine the relation of rotating speed and the powder feeding rate of screw feeding device
The corresponding relation of powder feeding rate and screw speed, can measure by experiment.Suppose that powder feeding rate is proportional to the rotating speed of screw rod, the relation of powder feeding rate and screw speed can be expressed as:
V
A(x)＝K
A·ω
A(3)
V
B(x)＝K
B·ω
B(4)
In formula, V
a, V
bbe respectively the powder feeding rate of powder A, B, ω A, ω B are screw speed, K
a, K
bit is scale-up factor.
C) preparation of continuous gradient material
According to formula (1)-(4), calculate two screw speed ratios:
Because the rotating speed of stepper-motor exists certain scope, the maximum speed of revolution of establishing stepper-motor is ω 0,
Work as ω
b≤ ω
atime, make ω
a=ω
0, ω
b=ω
a/ R (x) (6)
Otherwise, get ω
b=ω
0, ω
a=ω
br (x) (7)
The floorage of supposing lithosomic body is S, and on arbitrary thickness of gradient material, the time that highly need to deposit for the health check-up infinitesimal of Δ x is
When the value of Δ x is larger, the component of gradient material is discontinuously arranged, Presence of an interface between different layers;
When the value of Δ x is very little, the component of gradient material becomes continuous variation.
The component of setting the gradient material of expection in computer control system 1 distributes, and sets the parameter of screw speed and powder feeding rate relation.Computer control system 1, according to the parameter of setting, is accurately controlled the rotating speed of two stepper-motors 5, and stepper-motor 5 drives the extrusion screw rod 4 of screw rod powder conveyer to rotate, and the powder 3 in charging hopper 2 is extruded in proportion.Two kinds of powders 3 are deposited in mould 8 after overmulling powder device meal mixer 6, form component and be continually varying powder accumulation 7, through coldmoulding, obtain gradient material green compact, finally by gradient material green sintering, finally make the gradient material that component structure meets design requirements.
In addition,, by the feed tricks of hopper 2, extrusion screw rod 4 and stepper-motor 5 these assemblies of increase, can realize the composition continually varying powder of 3 kinds or various ingredients and pile up, thereby prepare multi-component component continually varying function-graded material.
Although above the specific embodiment of the present invention has been given to describe in detail and explanation; but what should indicate is; we can carry out various equivalences to above-mentioned embodiment according to conception of the present invention and change and revise; when its function producing does not exceed spiritual that specification sheets and accompanying drawing contain yet, all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a method of preparing component continually varying gradient material, comprises the following steps:
A) component parameter, extrusion screw rod (4) rotating speed and the powder feeding rate quantitative relationship of default gradient material and the step of extrusion screw rod (4) rotating speed and the funtcional relationship of process period in computer control system;
B) by the rotation of computer control system (1) control step motor (5), and drive extrusion screw rod (4) from the hopper (2) of feeding, to extrude the step of material powder (3) by predetermined speed and powder feeding rate by stepper-motor (5);
C) material powder of extruding (3) evenly mixes the step that is incorporated in formation of deposits component continually varying powder accumulation (7) in deposition mould (8) in meal mixer (6);
D) powder accumulation (7) is gradient material green compact through coldmoulding, then sintering obtains the step of gradient material.
2. the method for preparing component continually varying gradient material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described material powder (3) is two or more powder.
3. the method for preparing component continually varying gradient material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that controlling the extruded velocity of material powder (3) by controlling the rotating speed of extrusion screw rod (4), thereby controls the ratio of two or more powders.
4. the method for preparing component continually varying gradient material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described extrusion screw rod (4) is any one or the combination in twin screw or multiscrew.
5. the method for preparing component continually varying gradient material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the device that meal mixer (6) mixes powder or mixes powder by air-flow for adopting motor-operated foliated lamellar to stir.
6. the method for preparing component continually varying gradient material according to claim 1, the component that it is characterized in that gradient material is discrete or continuous, or component distributes arbitrarily.
7. the method for preparing component continually varying gradient material according to claim 6, is characterized in that the component of gradient material distributes by increasing or decreasing or interval mode.
8. for the preparation of a device for component continually varying gradient material, comprise computer control system (1), stepper-motor (5), extrusion screw rod (4), charging hopper (2), meal mixer (6) and deposition mould (8); Computer control system (1) is connected and controls its rotating speed with stepper-motor (5); Stepper-motor (5) is connected and drives its rotation with extrusion screw rod (4); Extrusion screw rod (4) is through charging hopper (2) and material powder (3) is extruded to the meal mixer (6) falling under being arranged in, and is provided with deposition mould (8) under meal mixer (6).
9. the device for the preparation of component continually varying gradient material according to claim 8, is characterized in that the quantity of the described stepper-motor (5) that adopts is identical with the species number of material powder (3).
10. the device for the preparation of component continually varying gradient material according to claim 8, it is characterized in that described meal mixer (6) forms internal space by the cylindrical cavity (10) of superposed funnel-form cavity (9) and bottom, connecting rod (12) is connected with electric motor (11) directly over being positioned at and the cylindrical cavity (10) that vertically extends to bottom is located, and connecting rod is provided with blade (13).
11. devices for the preparation of component continually varying gradient material according to claim 10, it is characterized in that described meal mixer (6) is provided with multistage blade, and the number of every grade blade (13) are more than two.
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| CN103042218B (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2015-02-18 | 西安理工大学 | Molding apparatus of functionally graded materials |
| CN103496149B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-09-02 | 四川大学 | Polymer gradient functional material continuous production shaped device |
| CN104552951A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-29 | 彭晓领 | 3D printing preparation method of polymeric gradient material |
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| CN110920072A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-27 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Preparation method of gradient material component |
| CN112108647B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-09-24 | 西北工业大学 | Additive manufacturing method and preparation method and device using powder core wire |
| CN112535290A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-03-23 | 张学记 | Composition capable of rapidly dispelling effects of alcohol and preparation method and device thereof |
| CN113333747B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-05-12 | 江西理工大学 | Tungsten-copper functionally graded material with continuously-changed components and preparation method thereof |
| CN114309600B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2023-04-18 | 陕西科技大学 | Gradient material preparation device adopting aerodynamic principle and preparation method thereof |
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