CN102641725A - Preparation method for material for adsorbing heavy metal - Google Patents
Preparation method for material for adsorbing heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN102641725A CN102641725A CN2012101466048A CN201210146604A CN102641725A CN 102641725 A CN102641725 A CN 102641725A CN 2012101466048 A CN2012101466048 A CN 2012101466048A CN 201210146604 A CN201210146604 A CN 201210146604A CN 102641725 A CN102641725 A CN 102641725A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method for a material for adsorbing heavy metal. Nanoiron, magnesium salt, aluminium salt and caustic soda are adopted as inorganic reactants, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is adopted as functionalizing agent, the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and the nanoiron are uniformly mixed, then added into the mixed solution of the caustic soda and the aluminium salt and uniformly mixed, the magnesium salt solution is then slowly added into the solution, mixed for 10 to 30 minutes and kept still for more than 12 hours, blue grey precipitate is separated out, and polyacrylamide is added into the precipitate liquid, so that the material for adsorbing heavy metal is obtained. When 1 to 10 percent by volume of material liquid is added into heavy metal wastewater, the material liquid has excellent adsorptive property and magnetic separation property on heavy metal. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of easy material obtainment, simple process, low cost, good magnetic separation effect and the like, the heavy metal-adsorbing capability of the product is high, and the material can be used in the adsorption treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods that is used to adsorb heavy metal, specifically is the production technology of handling the sorbing material of heavy metal wastewater thereby.Belong to environmental pollution control field.
Background technology
Heavy metal generally extensively is present in occurring in nature with natural concentration; But along with the mankind are increasing to exploitation, smelting, processing and the commercial manufacturing activities of heavy metal; Cause heavy metal to get in atmosphere, water, the soil, cause the serious environmental pollution like lead, mercury, cadmium, cobalt etc.In a single day heavy metal contaminants gets into water body or soil, just is difficult to remove, if get into human body, can produce teratogenesis, carcinogenic harm to human body.Heavy metal pollution is one of maximum water pollution problems of harm; Heavy metal wastewater thereby source mainly is that hole, mine internal drainage, waste-rock yard drench immersion, mill tailings draining, non-ferrous metals smelting works' dedusting draining, Non-ferrous Metals Processing Factory's acid washing water, Electroplate Factory's plating piece washings, steel plant's pickling draining, and industrial processes such as electrolysis, agricultural chemicals, medicine, paint, pigment.The kind of heavy metal, content and exist form to change greatly in the waste water with different manufacturing enterprises.It is big that heavy metal has toxicity, in environment, is difficult for by metabolism, is prone to by biological concentration and characteristics such as biological amplification are arranged, contaminant water environment not only, the also human and hydrobiological existence of serious threat.The minamata disease incident of one of eight famous in the world big public hazard incidents, Japan is exactly because behind the mercury pollution river, cause along the river biology and crowd mercury poisoning to occur.
China's heavy metal pollution of water body problem is very outstanding, and the pollution rate of river,lake and reservior substrate is up to 80.1%.The Yellow River in 2003, Huaihe River, Song Hua River, the pollution level of the basin sheet heavy metals exceeding standard section of ten large watersheds such as the Liaohe River is ultra V class.Total copper in the Taihu Lake bed muds in 2004, total plumbous, total cadmium content all is in the slight pollution level.The ultra background value of Cd is 2 times in the surface deposit of Huangpu River master stream, and Pb surpasses 1 times, and Hg content obviously increases; Pb all exceeds standard in the Suzhou River, and Cd 75% exceeds standard, and Hg 62.5% exceeds standard.Urban river has 35.11% section total mercury to occur to surpass surface water III class water body standard, and the total cadmium of 18.46% stream cross section surpasses III class water body standard, and 25% section has the sample that exceeds standard of total lead to occur.2008; 5 arsenic contamination incidents such as Guizhou Dushan County, Chenxi County, Hunan, Guangxi Hechi, Yunnan Yang Zonghai, big Shahe, Henan have taken place in China in succession; Since in August, 2009, taken place again that Fengxiang, Shaanxi children blood lead exceeds standard, liuyang hunan cadmium pollution and Linyi, Shandong arsenic contamination incident.By the Changjiang river, the heavy metal contaminants total amount that the Zhujiang River, rivers such as the Yellow River carry into the sea is about 3.4 ten thousand tons, and is huge to the contamination hazard of ocean water body.At present; Treatment technology to heavy metal wastewater thereby mainly contains two class methods; One type is to make the heavy metal that is dissolved state in the waste water be transformed into insoluble precipitated metal thing, removes from waste water through deposition, comprises neutralization precipitation method, sulphide precipitation, electrodeposit method etc.; The 2nd, the heavy metal in the waste water is concentrated under the condition that does not change its chemical form and separates, for example hyperfiltration, electroosmose process, ion-exchange, absorption method etc.These methods can be used alone or in combination according to situation such as waste water quality, the water yields.Designing and preparing adsorption efficiency height, absorption and the good new material of separating property are eliminated heavy metal pollution and are had important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of material preparation method that is used for heavy metal absorption.The material of the absorption heavy metal that obtains with the inventive method is used for the adsorption treatment of heavy metal wastewater thereby, and big, the easily separated and waste residue of adsorption capacity can utilize again.
To achieve these goals, it is inorganic raw material that the present invention selects magnesium salts, aluminium salt, nanometer iron, caustic soda for use, and wherein the magnesium salts raw material comprises magnesium chloride and magnesium nitrate, and aluminium salt raw material comprises aluminum sulfate and aluminum nitrate.After sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and nanometer iron mixed, add the mixed solution of aluminium salt and soda ash, behind the mixing, with the magnesium salt solution hybrid reaction, sediment is the material that is used to adsorb heavy metal again.
Concrete technology is following:
The first step, the selection of raw material and preparation
Commercially available technical grade magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate are added water, be mixed with weight percent concentration and be 10～30% solution A;
Commercially available technical grade aluminum nitrate or aluminum sulfate are added water, and to be mixed with weight percent concentration be 5～30% solution B;
To be mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight be 1～2% solution C with adding water in the commercially available technical grade sodium diethyldithiocarbamate;
Selecting commercially available nanometer iron is raw material, and in nanometer iron, adding water, to be mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight be 1～5% solution D;
Commercially available technical grade caustic soda is added water, and to process concentration expressed in percentage by weight be 5～20% solution E.
Selecting commercially available technical grade polyacrylamide for use is flocculation aid.
Above-mentioned nanometer iron is the iron powder of commercially available particle diameter 20nm;
Second step, the preparation of material
At first, equivalent is measured above-mentioned A, B, C, D, E solution by weight, solution C is mixed obtaining a kind of solution in 10～30 minutes with liquid D; Solution B is mixed with solution E, stirring and dissolving obtains another kind of solution again, then two kinds of solution is mixed, stirs down; Solution A is slowly added wherein, stirring reaction obtained reactant liquor in 10～30 minutes again, with still aging 12～24 hours of reactant liquor; At last, place magnet piece, discard clarified solution after 2 hours at reactor bottom; The pewter sediment that the bottom of reactor stays is the material that adsorbs heavy metal;
The 3rd step, the preservation of material or use
The material of this absorption heavy metal is added water; Being mixed with percentage by weight is the fluent material of 5～10% absorption heavy metals; Add polyacrylamide again, the addition of polyacrylamide for absorption heavy metal weight of bulk liquid material 0.1～0.5%, can directly be used to adsorb heavy metal.
Above-mentioned is to use 20 centimetres commercially available of diameters, thick 2 centimetres disk magnet according to the 3000ml reactant liquor at reactor bottom placement magnet piece, and magnet piece is provided by Shanghai gold elder brother magnetoelectricity Science and Technology Ltd.;
Above-mentioned the 3rd step directly is used for adsorbing heavy metal and is: to heavy metal concentration is that 1～1000mg/l heavy metal wastewater thereby adds be weight percentage 5～10% fluent material of the concentration for preparing; The fluent material dosage is 1～10% percent by volume of wastewater volume; Stirred 5～30 minutes; Place 10～20 centimetres of diameters, thickness in waste water bottom and be 1～2 centimetre magnet 10～30 minutes; The adsorption precipitation thing the has been enrichment residue of heavy metal, residue obtains available magnetic inorganic material through high-temperature roasting; Heavy metal removing rate 70-100% in the heavy metal wastewater thereby.
Advantage of the present invention is following:
1. to have technology simple in the present invention, advantages such as raw material is easy to get, low price.
2. the product that obtains of the present invention has good absorption property to heavy metal, comprises Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, As, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn etc., and adsorption rate is more than 90%, minimumly also surpasses 70%.
3. compare with traditional adsorbent; The material that the present invention obtains can directly be distributed to and adsorb heavy metal in the waste water, separates through magnet then, need not use filtration, means such as centrifugal; Have effective, advantages such as speed fast, the power saving that saves time, big application potential is arranged in wastewater treatment.
4. the present invention removes the residue of heavy metal that obtained enrichment simultaneously through absorption with the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater thereby, and residue becomes available magnetic inorganic material through high-temperature roasting, therefore has society and economic two kinds of benefits.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The first step, the selection of raw material and preparation
Select commercially available technical grade magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate for use, water is added wherein, be mixed with weight percent concentration and be 10% solution, abbreviate solution A as;
Select commercially available technical grade aluminum nitrate or aluminum sulfate for use, water is added wherein, be mixed with weight percent concentration and be 20% solution, abbreviate solution B as;
Select commercially available technical grade sodium diethyldithiocarbamate for use, water is added wherein, be mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight and be 1% solution, abbreviate solution C as;
Selecting commercially available nanometer iron is raw material, and nanometer iron is the iron powder of particle diameter 20nm, in nanometer iron, adds water, and being mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight is 1% solution, abbreviates solution D as;
Commercially available technical grade caustic soda is added water, and processing concentration expressed in percentage by weight is 5% solution, abbreviates solution E as.
Selecting commercially available technical grade polyacrylamide (molecular weight is 3000000) for use is flocculation aid.
Second step, the preparation of material
At first, equivalent is measured above-mentioned A, B, C, D, each 500ml of E solution by weight, and solution C was mixed with solution D 20 minutes, solution B is mixed with solution E again; Stirring and dissolving then with two liquid mixing, stirring, slowly adds solution A wherein stirring reaction 20 minutes again; With still aging 12 hours of reactant liquor, last, place magnet piece at reactor bottom; Discard clarified solution after 2 hours, the pewter sediment that the bottom of reactor stays is the material that adsorbs heavy metal;
In the pewter sediment, add water, be mixed with percentage by weight and be 5% fluent material, add polyacrylamide again, the addition of polyacrylamide is 0.5% of a weight of bulk liquid material, mixes, and can directly be used to adsorb heavy metal.
Embodiment 2
Certain laboratory heavy metal containing wastewater treatment: get 1000ml waste water (pH 4.5) in beaker; The outward appearance that adding embodiment 1 prepares is that pewter, content are 5% fluent material 100ml; Stir after 5 minutes, below beaker, pasting end placement diameter is the 20cm magnet piece, leaves standstill 20 minutes.Testing result shows: content of beary metal is respectively 20mg/L Zn, 26mg/L Cu, 6.8mg/L Cd, 3.8mg/L Co, 2.1mg/LCr, 3.8mg/L Ni in the raw wastewater; Heavy metal is 0.02mg/L Zn, 0mg/L Cu, 0.41mg/L Cd, 0.02mg/L Co, 0mg/L Cr, 0.06mg/L Ni in the processing supernatant, heavy metal removing rate 94～100%.Therefore, this material has excellent treatment effect to heavy metal wastewater thereby.
Embodiment 3
Yunnan copper industry heavy metal containing wastewater treatment: get 1000ml waste water (pH 1.53) in beaker; The outward appearance that adding embodiment 1 prepares is that pewter, content are 5% fluent material 200ml; Stir after 5 minutes, below beaker, pasting end placement diameter is the 20cm magnet piece, leaves standstill 20 minutes.Testing result shows: content of beary metal is respectively 15.7mg/L As, 0.55mg/L Cd, 40.3mg/L Cu in the raw wastewater; 20.9mg/L Zn; Heavy metal is 0mg/L As, 0.17mg/L Cd, 0mg/L Cu in the supernatant after the processing, 1.13mg/L Zn, heavy metal removing rate 70～100%.
Claims (2)
1. preparation methods that is used to adsorb heavy metal is characterized in that:
The first step, material choice and preparation
With magnesium chloride, or magnesium nitrate adds water, is mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight and is 10～30% solution A; In aluminum nitrate or aluminum sulfate, adding water, to be mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight be 5～30% solution B; In sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, adding water, to be mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight be 1～2% solution C; In nanometer iron, adding water, to be mixed with concentration expressed in percentage by weight be 1～5% solution D; In caustic soda, adding water, to process concentration expressed in percentage by weight be 5～20% solution E; Selecting commercially available technical grade polyacrylamide for use is flocculation aid;
Above-mentioned nanometer iron is that commercially available particle diameter is the iron powder of 20nm;
Second step, the preparation of material
At first, equivalent is measured above-mentioned A, B, C, D, E solution by weight, then respectively solution C is mixed obtaining a kind of liquid in 10～30 minutes with liquid D; Solution B is mixed with solution E, and stirring and dissolving obtains another kind of liquid, then with above-mentioned two kinds of liquid mixing, stirring; Solution A is slowly added wherein, stirring reaction obtained reactant liquor in 10～30 minutes, and reactant liquor is still aging more than 12 hours again; At last, place magnet piece, discard clarified solution after 2 hours at reactor bottom; The pewter sediment that the bottom of reactor stays is the material that adsorbs heavy metal;
Above-mentioned heavy metal comprises Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, As, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn;
The 3rd step, the preservation of material
In the material of this absorption heavy metal, add water; Being mixed with percentage by weight is the liquid of 5～10% absorption heavy metals; Add polyacrylamide again, the addition of polyacrylamide for absorption heavy metal liquid weight 0.1～0.5%, can directly be used to adsorb heavy metal.
2. a kind of preparation methods of adsorbing heavy metal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said at reactor bottom placement magnet piece, and be to use 20 centimetres commercially available of diameters, thick 2 centimetres disk magnet to measure according to the 3000ml reactant liquor.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103801270A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-21 | 长沙飞达矿冶技术有限公司 | Environmental material for treating wastewater containing complicated heavy metal and production technology of environmental material |
| CN106915812A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-04 | 沈阳中科环境工程科技开发有限公司 | A kind of chemical nickle-plating wastewater inorganic agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109772277A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-21 | 济南大学 | Adsorbents for lead ion pyrolytic and preparation method thereof in a kind for the treatment of of acidic wastewater |
| CN109847727A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉山友爆破科技工程有限公司 | A kind of magnetic composite adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112808239A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-18 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队 | Method for treating heavy metal ions in water body |
| CN112844297A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队 | Preparation method of magnetic heavy metal ion chelating agent and obtained product |
| CN113072152A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-06 | 赛恩斯环保股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of defluorination and heavy metal removal polynuclear medicament |
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Patent Citations (4)
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103801270A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-21 | 长沙飞达矿冶技术有限公司 | Environmental material for treating wastewater containing complicated heavy metal and production technology of environmental material |
| CN103801270B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2016-03-30 | 长沙飞达矿冶技术有限公司 | For the treatment of the environment-friendly materials and the production technology thereof that contain complicated heavy metal wastewater thereby |
| CN106915812A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-04 | 沈阳中科环境工程科技开发有限公司 | A kind of chemical nickle-plating wastewater inorganic agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109772277A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-21 | 济南大学 | Adsorbents for lead ion pyrolytic and preparation method thereof in a kind for the treatment of of acidic wastewater |
| CN109847727A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉山友爆破科技工程有限公司 | A kind of magnetic composite adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112808239A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-18 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队 | Method for treating heavy metal ions in water body |
| CN112844297A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队 | Preparation method of magnetic heavy metal ion chelating agent and obtained product |
| CN113072152A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-06 | 赛恩斯环保股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of defluorination and heavy metal removal polynuclear medicament |
| CN113072152B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-14 | 赛恩斯环保股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of defluorination and heavy metal removal polynuclear medicament |
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| CN102641725B (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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