CN102637860B - CuO/Cu composite anode material used for lithium ion battery as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

CuO/Cu composite anode material used for lithium ion battery as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN102637860B
CN102637860B CN201210123562.6A CN201210123562A CN102637860B CN 102637860 B CN102637860 B CN 102637860B CN 201210123562 A CN201210123562 A CN 201210123562A CN 102637860 B CN102637860 B CN 102637860B
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cuo
lithium ion
composite
ion battery
preparation
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王白浪
高明霞
刘永锋
陈靖
冯冉
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ZHEJIANG KAN BATTERY CO Ltd
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of energy materials, and in particular relates to preparation of a novel lithium ion battery electrode material and the storage and conversion of the electrochemical property of the novel lithium ion battery electrode material. The preparation method of the CuO/Cu composite anode material used for the lithium ion battery is characterized in that the composite anode material adopts copper oxide powder of which the particle size is 30nm-10mu m as a raw material; the raw material is reduced for 10-120 minutes under the hydrogenous reducing mixed gas atmosphere at the temperature of 50-200DEG C in an atmosphere furnace; and the content of copper in the composite material accounts for 0.5-40wt.% of the composite material. The preparation method of the CuO/Cu composite lithium-ion anode material has the advantages of abundant raw material resource, low cost, simple preparation equipment and high yield and is suitable for scale production.

Description

CuO/Cu composite negative pole material that a kind of lithium ion battery is used and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of energy source materials.Be specifically related to the preparation of new type lithium ion battery electrode material and the storage of electrochemical energy and conversion.
Technical background
Along with day by day increase and the pay attention to day by day to environmental protection requirement of modern society to energy demand; the contradiction of the limited reserves of tradition fossil energy and the development of its environmental pollution and modern society is increasingly sharpened; lithium ion battery is as the green secondary power supply growing up over a kind of nearly 20 years; because its energy density is high, have extended cycle life, self discharge is little, memory-less effect, advantages of environment protection, in the power supply of the small portable such as notebook computer, mobile phone movable electrical appliances, be used widely.At present the demand of the secondary power supply of high-energy-density to safety, environmental protection of the deposit of electric automobile, hybrid-electric car, electric bicycle, solar energy and wind energy and conversion, electric tool and high power density increases day by day, and wherein lithium ion battery has the potentiality that meet its application requirements.The positive electrode of commercial Li-ion batteries is respectively LiCoO at present 2with graphitic carbon material, its theoretical capacity score of the game is not about 140 mAh/g and 372 mAh/g, and they can't meet the requirement of high power density, high-energy-density on capacity.As the LiCoO of positive electrode 2because it is containing Co noble metal, the cost of raw material is high, and it is containing toxic side effect, in fail safe, also has problems.As the graphitic carbon of negative material, its density only has 2.2 – 2.4 g/cm 3, this has reduced the volume capacity of battery to a great extent, particularly unfavorable to the bulk density of large-sized battery.Thereby no matter for positive electrode or negative material, countries in the world have all been dropped into a large amount of man power and materials and have been researched and developed widely in recent years.
Multiple 3d transition metal (comprising Ti, Fe, Cu, Co and Ni etc.) oxide has the characteristic of high power capacity when as lithium ion battery negative material.Wherein CuO is 674 mAh/g as its theoretical capacity of lithium ion battery negative material, is the more than 2 times of graphite cathode material.Its weight density is 6.32 g/cm 3, be nearly 3 times of graphite, thereby it also has the large advantage of storage lithium bulk density as lithium ion battery negative material.In addition, CuO also has easy storage and the advantage such as nontoxic, because of but a kind of lithium ion battery negative material of new generation that has development and application potential.
CuO, mainly by the method system of chemical reaction, mainly contains liquid phase method and the large class of solid phase method two at present.The method of liquid phase method is numerous, and if any the precipitation method, spray pyrolysis, the hot method of alcohol, sol-gal process and template etc., the whole bag of tricks differs from one another and advantage.In solid phase method, will react raw material obtains by simple chemical reaction under room temperature or heat treated condition.Different-shape prepared by distinct methods and the CuO of size show the chemical property that difference is very large.
CuO is that cyclical stability is poor and irreversible capacity is high first for the disadvantage of lithium ion battery negative material.Wherein the poor main cause of cyclical stability is that CuO has produced approximately 170% volumetric expansion in embedding lithium process, produces very large stress, thereby makes the efflorescence of CuO active material and lose effective contact, and the utilance of active material is constantly reduced; The main cause that irreversible capacity is large is first CuO in its reaction of embedding lithium process first:
Figure 409963DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
In Li 2o part is irreversible.Reduce CuO particle size to nanosized, adopt one-dimensional nano structure etc., be conducive to improve the release of the stress that CuO produces due to removal lithium embedded in cyclic process, can effectively improve the cyclical stability of CuO.By CuO and other Material cladding, as compound to alleviate the volumetric expansion of CuO with the graphite of 3D structure, and form Li in the compound promotion CuO of Ni cyclic process first 2o decomposition waits the cyclical stability that is also conducive to improve CuO.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the cyclical stability of CuO; an object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the CuO/Cu composite negative pole material that a kind of lithium ion battery uses and the composite negative pole material of being prepared by the method; method condition and the technique of preparing CuO/Cu composite material of the present invention is simple and easy to control, is applicable to large-scale production.Another object of the present invention is to provide the lithium ion of composite negative pole material of the above-mentioned preparation of application or lighium polymer once and secondary cell.
In order to realize first above-mentioned object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The preparation method of the CuO/Cu composite negative pole material that a kind of lithium ion battery is used, the employing particle size of this composite negative pole material is that the cupric oxide powder of 30nm~10 μ m is raw material, by raw material in atmosphere furnace, at the temperature of 50~200 DEG C, containing reducing in hydrogen reduction mixed-gas atmosphere, recovery time is 10~120 minutes, and in composite material, the content of copper is 0.5~40wt.% of composite material percentage by weight.
As preferably, in above-mentioned composite material, the content of copper is 1~10wt.% of composite material percentage by weight.
As preferably, above-mentioned cupric oxide powder particle size is 50nm~10 μ m.
As preferably, above-mentioned reduction temperature is 80~120 DEG C.
As preferably, above-mentioned is hydrogen, nitrogen hydrogen or argon hydrogen mixture containing hydrogen reduction mist, and wherein in mist, the content of hydrogen is 5~50%.
In order to realize second above-mentioned object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
Once and secondary cell, the negative material of this battery adopts above-mentioned composite negative pole material for lithium ion or lighium polymer.
The present invention is by nanometer to the cupric oxide powder of micron-scale is reduced in reducing atmosphere, and by the regulation and control to oxidizing temperature and time, forms one deck Cu at CuO particle surface, forms CuO/Cu composite material.Due to the superior electrical conductivity of Cu, improve CuO electrically contacting in cyclic process, the electronic conductivity that is conducive to improve the utilance of active material and improves material.The good toughness of Cu, alleviates the stress that CuO produces in removal lithium embedded process to a certain extent, reduces its efflorescence.In addition, the surface coated Cu of CuO also helps the Li that promotes that CuO forms in embedding lithium process first 2the decomposition of O, reduces the irreversible capacity first of electrode.Thereby the CuO/Cu composite material that the present invention obtains has good comprehensive electrochemical.The method of preparing CuO/Cu compound lithium ion multipole material of the present invention, enrich in the raw material source of employing, cost is low, and Preparation equipment is simple, and productive rate is high, is applicable to large-scale production.
Taking CuO/Cu composite material of the present invention as negative material, taking lithium sheet as electrode is prepared into button cell, show good comprehensive electrochemical.Wherein, in composite material, the content of Cu increases, and is conducive to battery and obtains better cyclical stability, suitably reduces the specific discharge capacity that the content of Cu in composite material is conducive to improve electrode.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment 1 – 3 raw-material ESEM pattern of CuO used.
Fig. 2 is the ESEM pattern of the CuO/Cu composite material that obtains of embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the CuO/Cu composite material of embodiment 1,2 and 3 acquisitions and the X-ray diffracting spectrum of raw materials CuO thereof.
Fig. 4 is that collection of illustrative plates is analyzed in the Rietveld refine of the CuO/Cu composite material X-ray diffraction that obtains of embodiment 2.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are respectively first three charging and discharging curves of the CuO/Cu composite material that obtains of embodiment 1 and 2.
Fig. 7 is the cycle performance curve of the CuO/Cu composite material that obtains of embodiment 3 and initial CuO.
Embodiment
The present invention may be better understood for following examples, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
embodiment 1
Get the business CuO powder that a certain amount of particle size is about 50 nm, then at the temperature of 80 DEG C, in hydrogen, be incubated 30 minutes, obtain CuO/Cu composite material.In composite material, the content of Cu is analyzed and is about 0.5wt.% through the Rietveld of X-ray diffraction refine.
This composite material is for lithium ion battery negative material, taking lithium sheet as electrode is prepared into button cell, be 67 mA/g in measuring current, voltage range is under the condition of 20 mV-3V, the reversible capacity first of battery is 500 mAh/g, compare high approximately 50 mAh/g of CuO original material without reduction, and improved the cyclical stability of material.
embodiment 2
Getting a certain amount of particle size is the business CuO powder of 50 nm, in the hydrogen atmosphere of 100 DEG C, is incubated 30 minutes, obtains CuO/Cu composite material.In composite material, the content of Cu is analyzed and is about 5 wt.% through the Rietveld of X-ray diffraction refine.
This composite material is for lithium ion battery negative material, taking lithium sheet as electrode is prepared into button cell, be 67 mA/g in measuring current, voltage range is under the condition of 20 mV – 3V, the reversible capacity first of electrode reaches 515 mAh/g, and capacity further rises to 550 mAh/g after initial several circulations, than high approximately 100 mAh/g of the CuO original material without reduction, and improve the cyclical stability of material.
embodiment 3
Getting a certain amount of particle size is the business CuO powder of 50 nm, then at the temperature of 120 DEG C, in hydrogen atmosphere, is incubated 30 minutes, obtains CuO/Cu composite material.In composite material, the content of Cu is analyzed and is about 38 wt.% through the Rietveld of X-ray diffraction refine.
This composite material is for lithium ion battery negative material, taking lithium sheet as electrode is prepared into button cell, be 67 mA/g in measuring current, voltage range is under the condition of 20 mV-3V, the reversible capacity first of electrode is 280 mAh/g, and composite material has excellent cyclical stability.
embodiment 4
Get the business CuO that a certain amount of particle size is approximately 10 μ m, then at the temperature of 100 DEG C, in the mixed atmosphere of 30 vol% hydrogen and argon gas, reduce 60 minutes, obtain CuO/Cu composite material, can be used for lithium ion battery negative material.
embodiment 5
Get the business CuO that a certain amount of particle size is approximately 30 nm, then at the temperature of 80 DEG C, in the mixed atmosphere of 5 vol% hydrogen and nitrogen, reduce 120 minutes, obtain CuO/Cu composite material.This composite material, for lithium ion battery negative material, taking lithium sheet as electrode is prepared into button cell, is 67 mA/g in measuring current, and voltage range is under the condition of 20 mV-3V, and material list reveals high capacity and good cycle performance.
embodiment 6
Get the business CuO that a certain amount of particle size is approximately 500 nm, then at the temperature of 120 DEG C, in hydrogen atmosphere, reduce 10 minutes, obtain CuO/Cu composite material, can be used for lithium ion battery negative material.

Claims (5)

1. the preparation method of the CuO/Cu composite negative pole material that a lithium ion battery is used, it is characterized in that: the employing particle size of this composite negative pole material is that the cupric oxide powder of 30nm~10 μ m is raw material, by raw material in atmosphere furnace, at the temperature of 80~120 DEG C, containing reducing in hydrogen reduction mixed-gas atmosphere, recovery time is 10~120 minutes, is hydrogen, nitrogen hydrogen or argon hydrogen mixture containing hydrogen reduction mist, and wherein in mist, the content of hydrogen is 5~50%; In composite material, the content of copper is 0.5~40wt.% of composite material percentage by weight.
2. the preparation method of the CuO/Cu composite negative pole material that a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is used, is characterized in that: in composite material, the content of copper is 1~10wt.% of composite material percentage by weight.
3. the preparation method of the CuO/Cu composite negative pole material that a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is used, is characterized in that: cupric oxide powder particle size is 50nm~10 μ m.
4. the CuO/Cu composite negative pole material that the lithium ion battery making according to the preparation method described in claim 1 ~ 3 any one claim is used.
5. lithium ion or lighium polymer once and secondary cell, is characterized in that: the negative material of this battery adopts composite negative pole material claimed in claim 4.
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CN106531966B (en) * 2016-12-12 2019-06-11 北京科技大学 Nanometer and its is applied Cu@CuO material preparation method in lithium ion battery
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