CN102633410A - Process for recycling and processing hyperhaline reverse osmosis concentrated water - Google Patents
Process for recycling and processing hyperhaline reverse osmosis concentrated water Download PDFInfo
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- CN102633410A CN102633410A CN2012101297675A CN201210129767A CN102633410A CN 102633410 A CN102633410 A CN 102633410A CN 2012101297675 A CN2012101297675 A CN 2012101297675A CN 201210129767 A CN201210129767 A CN 201210129767A CN 102633410 A CN102633410 A CN 102633410A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment in environmental engineering, and in particular relates to a process for recycling and processing hyperhaline reverse osmosis concentrated water generated in a sewage regeneration process. The process comprises the following steps of: carrying out photo-catalytic oxidation treatment: carrying out photo-catalytic oxidation reaction on the hyperhaline reverse osmosis concentrated water; carrying out biochemical reaction treatment: carrying out biochemical reaction on output water after the photo-catalytic oxidation reaction; and carrying out desalination treatment and ultra-filter purification treatment. The process disclosed by the invention has the benefits that the process has high eliminating efficiency on pollutants; reutilization of the hyperhaline reverse osmosis concentrated water can be realized; the process can be applied to processing other hyperhaline waste water with low concentration of organic matters and difficult to be subjected to biochemical treatment; the problems, such as sludge bulking and sludge floatation, easily appear in the active sludge method process, can be overcome; and the process has the characteristics of being steady for operation, strong in impact load resistant capability and economical and energy-saving, has a certain nitration and denitrification function, and is capable of being operated in a closed manner, preventing odour and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of sewage in the environmental engineering, relate in particular to the processing and the reuse technology of the high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water that produces in a kind of regeneration effluent process.
Background technology
As a kind of energy-efficient, eco-friendly membrane separation technique; Reverse osmosis membrane (RO) is widely used in fields such as medicine, food, beverage, sea water desaltination, then is mainly used in the desalination of surface water and phreatic purification, purifying, seawater and brackish water and the regeneration processing of Sewage Plant secondary effluent in water treatment field.Because reverse osmosis technology is a kind of the finest physical separating process, in the process of preparation reuse water, can produce the dense water (RO concentrate) that contains high density salinity, solvability organic pollutant (DOM).Because of reverse osmosis concentrated water output accounts for 1/3～1/5 of former water inventory; Therefore the dense water of a large amount of high salt enters Sewage Plant as abandoning water; Cause serious threat not only for the normal operation of sewage work; The high density salinity that contains in the water outlet also can make the ecosystem of receiving water body destroyed, and finally causes water body surrounding environment ecological functions to be degenerated.Many researchs show that the existence of high density salinity has the obvious suppression effect to biological activity, when the saliferous massfraction of water 3% when above, its biological treatment efficient obviously descends.The stack of high salinity and difficult degradation characteristic makes the dense water of RO handle with the routine biochemistry method, can not satisfy reuse water quality requirement or emission standard.But " environmental science " the 1st phase in 2000 and " Treatment of Industrial Water " the 2nd phase in 2005 report, as long as system adds salt tolerant bacterium or the halophilic bacterium that screening obtains through the domestication of certain hour or to system, biochemical process also can be handled high salinity waste water.
Prior art is primarily aimed at the processing of high salt high concentrated organic wastewater, the general Activated Sludge Process that adopts improvement, and organic matter removal efficient is high.But the surplus sludge volume that activated sludge process produces is big, is prone to the sludge bulking phenomenon, and for the lower high-salt wastewater of organic concentration, purification efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water and purifies and reuse technology, through the synergy of advanced oxidation with biological reinforcing technology, makes the water after the processing reach reuse standard, the resource utilization of realization reverse osmosis concentrated water.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water may further comprise the steps:
(1) Treatment by Photocatalysis Oxidation: high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is carried out photocatalysis oxidation reaction.The gloss of photocatalysis oxidation reaction is used ultraviolet, uses light source to be UV-lamp; H is adopted in the photochemical catalytic oxidation agent
2O
2, every liter of dense water dosage is 1～6mM, preferred 4mM.The photolysis time is 30～60min, preferred 30min.Using appts is the photocatalysis oxidation reaction device.
Said UV-lamp power is 39W, and the ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm.
The effect of step (1) is: the larger molecular organics in the high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water progressively is converted into small organic molecule through photolysis, and the reverse osmosis concentrated water biodegradability improves.After step (1) was handled, the COD clearance was 11.1%～22.5%, and water outlet does not also reach the water quality standard of reuse water as the process water water source.
(2) biochemical treatment: will carry out biochemical reaction through the water outlet behind step (1) photocatalysis oxidation reaction.Using appts is biological activated carbon reactor.
The empty bench grafting time of touching of said biological activated carbon reactor drum is 30～180min; Biological activated carbon reactor drum periodic running, the aerated reaction time of each reaction time is 9～10h, behind the 2～3h that stops exposing to the sun, carries out aerated reaction again, aeration-the stop process of exposing to the sun is carried out in circulation.
Gac in the said biological activated carbon reactor drum adopts the cylindrical particle gac.Cylindrical particle gac specific surface area is big, and pore texture is flourishing, and attraction performance and mechanical and physical performance are good, therefore is easy to adhering to of mikrobe.Under the synergy of biological degradation and physical adsorption, organic pollutant is able to remove.Because the Degradation of attached microbial, gac are able to regeneration in absorption, thereby prolong its work-ing life greatly.
The appended microbial film of gac mainly is made up of the salt tolerant flora in the said biological activated carbon reactor drum, also is mingled with a small amount of protozoon.These salt-durable microbes can carry out oxygenolysis with organic pollutant under high salt condition, have stronger organic matter removal effect.
Said salt tolerant flora mainly constitutes fine and close zoogloea by Rhodopseudomonas, sporeformer, fungi, thread fungus etc., also is mingled with a small amount of microfauna such as ciliate, roaming worm etc.It derives from the returnedactivatedsludge of municipal sewage plant, through strengthening acclimation shaking culture, is attached to and forms active biological film on the activated carbon granule.
The effect of step (2) is: through the metabolism of salt tolerant flora, further reduce organic concentration.After step (2) was handled, the COD clearance was 49.3%～91.2%, and water outlet reaches the water quality standard of reuse water as the process water water source.
(3) desalting treatment: will carry out desalting treatment through the water outlet behind step (2) biochemical reaction, using appts is a low voltage charcoal adsorptive reactor.Mainly act as the soluble solid of removing in the water.After this step, water outlet total dissolved solid TDS value is 482～864mg/L, reaches the water quality standard of reuse water as the process water water source.
(4) ultrafiltration purifying treatment: will carry out the ultrafiltration purifying treatment through the water outlet after step (3) desalting treatment, water outlet back reuse up to standard.
Water outlet after step (4) is handled reaches the water quality standard of reuse water as the process water water source.
The index of said high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is following: the pH value is 8～9, and the COD value is 200～300mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 40～50mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 2000～4000mg/L, and colourimetric number is 120～200 (Pt-Co).
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is through handling, and water outlet can be back to industrial production, has important practical significance for conserve water resource and protection water body environment.Technology provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1, treatment process is high to contaminant removal efficiency, and the COD clearance can reach about 90%, and the TDS clearance reaches more than 80%, and the DOC clearance is up to more than 90%;
2, can realize the resource utilization of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water, water outlet after treatment can reach the water quality standard of reuse water as the process water water source, the recyclable industrial colling make up water that is used for;
3, go for hanging down organic concentration and be difficult to other biochemical high-salt wastewaters handling;
4, can overcome problems such as the sludge bulking that is prone in the Activated Sludge Process and mud come-up, it is stable, capacity of resisting impact load by force, economical and energy saving more, have certain nitration denitrification function, can realize the sealing running, prevent stink etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the COD of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water in the Comparative Examples 1 of the present invention removes synoptic diagram as a result;
Fig. 3 is that the COD of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water in the Comparative Examples 2 of the present invention removes synoptic diagram as a result.
Wherein, among Fig. 1: 1, equalizing tank, 2, the photocatalysis oxidation reaction device, 3, peristaltic pump, 4, the biological activated carbon reactor drum, 5, air compressor machine, 6, low voltage charcoal adsorptive reactor, 7, ultra-filtration equipment, 8, the water outlet storage tank.
Embodiment
Below specify the present invention through accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Pending high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water index: the pH value is 8.6, and the COD value is 207mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 41.6mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 3180mg/L, and colourimetric number is 172 (Pt-Co).Handle 5 liters of the water yields.
As shown in Figure 1, adopt following step that above-mentioned high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is carried out Treatment for Reuse:
1, high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is introduced into the adjusting that equalizing tank carries out the water yield, can intake steady running continuously to guarantee complete assembly.The equalizing tank volume is 10 liters.Equalizing tank is used to regulate amount of inlet water, with the continuous water inlet of assurance device, smooth running.
2, the equalizing tank water outlet is squeezed into the photocatalysis oxidation reaction device by peristaltic pump, and adding concentration is 50% photochemical catalytic oxidation agent H
2O
20.068mg behind UV photolysis 30min, larger molecular organics progressively is converted into small organic molecule, when removing partial organic substances, wastewater biodegradability improves.Peristaltic pump is used for the photocatalysis oxidation reaction device is squeezed in the equalizing tank water outlet.The effect of photocatalysis oxidation reaction device is to utilize photolysis, and the larger molecular organics in the high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is converted into small organic molecule, improves the biodegradability of reverse osmosis concentrated water, and removes a part of organic pollutant.
3, water outlet is carried out the biochemical reaction processing from flowing into the biological activated carbon reactor drum after photochemical catalytic oxidation.The biological activated carbon reactor bottom is connected with air compressor machine, and pressurized air is provided, and supplies with the required oxygen of biological activated carbon reactor organisms film biochemical reaction.
Gac in the biological activated carbon reactor drum adopts the cylindrical particle gac.
The microbial film that adheres on the gac mainly is made up of the salt tolerant flora, is mingled with a small amount of protozoon.Hang the used active sludge of film and derive from sewage work's returnedactivatedsludge.
The empty bench grafting time of touching of biological activated carbon reactor drum is 30min, biological activated carbon reactor drum periodic running, and the aerated reaction time of each reaction time is 9～10h, behind the 2～3h that stops exposing to the sun, carries out aerated reaction again, aeration-the stop process of exposing to the sun is carried out in circulation.
The main effect of biological activated carbon reactor drum is to utilize the physical adsorption of gac and the synergy of biomembranous biochemical degradation, further removes organic pollutant.
The effect of air compressor machine provides pressurized air, supplies with the required oxygen of biological activated carbon reactor organisms film biochemical reaction.
4, the water outlet of biological activated carbon reactor drum gets into low voltage charcoal adsorptive reactor again and carries out desalting treatment, removes most of soluble solid.The effect of low voltage charcoal adsorptive reactor is that desalting treatment is carried out in water outlet, removes the soluble solid in the water.
5, the water outlet of low voltage charcoal adsorptive reactor gets into ultra-filtration equipment, and water outlet is stored in the water outlet storage tank after ultrafiltration membrance filter purifies.Water outlet reaches the water quality standard of reuse water as the process water water source, can reuse make industrial water coolant make up water.The effect of ultra-filtration equipment is water outlet to be carried out filtration, purification through ultra-filtration membrane handle.
Through detecting, last effluent index is: the pH value is 8.37, and the COD value is 105mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 12.9mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 570mg/L, and colourimetric number is 41 (Pt-Co).The COD clearance is 49.3%, and the TDS clearance is 82.1%, and the DOC clearance is 69.0%.
Embodiment 2: outside distinguishing down, other are with embodiment 1.
2, add photochemical catalytic oxidation agent H
2O
20.408mg, UV photolysis 60min.
3, the empty bench grafting time of touching of biological activated carbon reactor drum is 180min.
Through detecting, last effluent index is: the pH value is 8.45, and the COD value is 18.3mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 2.37mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 482mg/L, and colourimetric number is 29 (Pt-Co).The COD clearance is 91.2%, and the TDS clearance is 84.8%, and the DOC clearance is 94.3%.
Embodiment 3: outside distinguishing down, other are with embodiment 1.
2, add photochemical catalytic oxidation agent H
2O
20.272mg, UV photolysis 30min.
3, the empty bench grafting time of touching of biological activated carbon reactor drum is 60min.
Through detecting, last effluent index is: the pH value is 8.46, and the COD value is 19.8mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 2.87mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 610mg/L, and colourimetric number is 37 (Pt-Co).The COD clearance is 90.4%, and the TDS clearance is 80.8%, and the DOC clearance is 93.1%.
Embodiment 4: outside distinguishing down, other are with embodiment 1.
2, add photochemical catalytic oxidation agent H
2O
20.204mg, UV photolysis 45min.
3, the empty bench grafting time of touching of biological activated carbon reactor drum is 120min.
Through detecting, last effluent index is: the pH value is 8.39, and the COD value is 19.4mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 2.75mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 672mg/L, and colourimetric number is 51 (Pt-Co).
The COD clearance is 90.6%, and the TDS clearance is 78.9%, and the DOC clearance is 93.4%.
Embodiment 5: outside distinguishing down, other are with embodiment 1.
Pending high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water index: the pH value is 8, and the COD value is 205.4mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 40.2mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 2031mg/L, and colourimetric number is 117 (Pt-Co).Handle 5 liters of the water yields.
2, add photochemical catalytic oxidation agent H
2O
20.272mg, UV photolysis 30min.
3, the empty bench grafting time of touching of biological activated carbon reactor drum is 60min.
Through detecting, last effluent index is: the pH value is 8.33, and the COD value is 19.9mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 3.49mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 532mg/L, and colourimetric number is 35 (Pt-Co).The COD clearance is 90.3%, and the TDS clearance is 73.8%, and the DOC clearance is 91.3%.
Embodiment 6: outside distinguishing down, other are with embodiment 1.
Pending high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water index: the pH value is 9, and the COD value is 297.6mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 49.4mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 3977mg/L, and colourimetric number is 203 (Pt-Co).Handle 5 liters of the water yields.
2, add photochemical catalytic oxidation agent H
2O
20.272mg, UV photolysis 30min.
3, the empty bench grafting time of touching of biological activated carbon reactor drum is 60min.
Through detecting, last effluent index is: the pH value is 8.42, and the COD value is 29.7mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 4.05mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 864mg/L, and colourimetric number is 64 (Pt-Co).The COD clearance is 90.0%, and the TDS clearance is 78.3%, and the DOC clearance is 91.8%.
Comparative Examples 1:
Pending high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water index: the pH value is 8.7, and the COD value is 227mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 41.6mg/L, and total dissolved solid TDS value is 3180mg/L, and colourimetric number is 170 (Pt-Co).Handle 5 liters of the water yields.
High salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is promptly carrying out desalting treatment and ultrafiltration purifying treatment through equalizing tank regulating pondage, photocatalysis oxidation reaction after handling, and handles without biochemical reaction.
Photocatalysis oxidation reaction device H
2O
2Every liter of dense water dosage is 4mM, photolysis time 0min, 10min, 30min, 60min, 120min and 180min; It is as shown in Figure 2 that COD removes the result.
Fig. 2 shows, passes through Treatment by Photocatalysis Oxidation separately, and the COD of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water removes efficient and is merely about 20%, and water outlet can't be satisfied the reuse requirement.
Comparative Examples 2:
Pending high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water index is with Comparative Examples 1.
High salt reverse osmosis concentrated water promptly gets into the biological activated carbon reactor drum and carries out the biochemical reaction processing behind process equalizing tank regulating pondage, and then carries out desalting treatment and ultrafiltration purifying treatment, and handles without photocatalysis oxidation reaction.
The empty bench grafting time of touching of biological activated carbon reactor drum is respectively 0min, 30min, 45min, 60min, 120min and 180min.It is as shown in Figure 3 that COD removes the result.
Fig. 3 shows, handles through biochemical reaction separately, and the COD of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water removes efficient and is merely about 30%, and water outlet can't be satisfied the reuse requirement.
Claims (10)
1. the reuse treatment process of a high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water comprises desalting treatment and ultrafiltration purifying treatment, it is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of before the desalting treatment:
One, Treatment by Photocatalysis Oxidation: high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is carried out photocatalysis oxidation reaction;
Two, biochemical reaction is handled: will carry out biochemical reaction through the water outlet behind the step 1 photocatalysis oxidation reaction.
2. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step 1, the gloss of photocatalysis oxidation reaction is used ultraviolet, and the photolysis time is 30～60min.
3. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said ultraviolet uses light source to be UV-lamp; UV-lamp power is 39W, and the ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm.
4. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step 1, H is adopted in the photochemical catalytic oxidation agent
2O
2, every liter of dense water dosage is 1～6mM.
5. according to the reuse treatment process of each described high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water in the claim 1～4, it is characterized in that in the said step 1, the Treatment by Photocatalysis Oxidation using appts is photocatalysis oxidation reaction device (2).
6. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 1; It is characterized in that in the said step 2, it is biological activated carbon reactor (4) that biochemical reaction is handled using appts; Said biological activated carbon reactor drum (4) periodic running, aeration-the stop process of exposing to the sun is carried out in circulation.
7. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the gac in the said biological activated carbon reactor drum (4) adopts the cylindrical particle gac.
8. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the appended microbial film of gac mainly is made up of the salt tolerant flora in the said biological activated carbon reactor drum (4).
9. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said desalting treatment using appts is a low voltage charcoal adsorptive reactor (6).
10. the reuse treatment process of high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The pH value of said high salt reverse osmosis concentrated water is 8～9, and the COD value is 200～300mg/L, and dissolved organic carbon DOC value is 40～50mg/L; Total dissolved solid TDS value is 2000～4000mg/L, and colourimetric number is 120～200 (Pt-Co).
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| CN103145296A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-06-12 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method and device for treating reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN103319055A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-09-25 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Processing device for removing phenol and naphthalene in sewage and method thereof |
| CN104226285A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Regeneration method of calcium ion sorbent |
| CN105984984A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-10-05 | 广东工业大学 | Dye wastewater deep purification and reuse system as well as method thereof |
| CN107585970A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-16 | 山东理工大学 | The technique of hardly degraded organic substance advanced treating in a kind of Industrial reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN108117221A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method of reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN108911304A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-30 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of reverse osmosis concentrated water nanofiltration desalination technique effectively eliminating fouling membrane |
| CN109574421A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-05 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of reverse osmosis concentration enhanced water processing method and equipment |
| CN110127906A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-16 | 兖州煤业股份有限公司 | It is the method for reverse osmosis concentrated water desalination using benzyltriethylammoinium chloride |
| US10696574B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2020-06-30 | Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. | Method for treating reverse osmosis concentrated water |
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Cited By (12)
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| CN103145296A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-06-12 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method and device for treating reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN103319055A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-09-25 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Processing device for removing phenol and naphthalene in sewage and method thereof |
| CN103319055B (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2014-11-05 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Processing device for removing phenol and naphthalene in sewage and method thereof |
| CN104226285A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Regeneration method of calcium ion sorbent |
| CN105984984A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-10-05 | 广东工业大学 | Dye wastewater deep purification and reuse system as well as method thereof |
| US10696574B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2020-06-30 | Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. | Method for treating reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN108117221A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method of reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN108117221B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2021-01-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Treatment method of reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN107585970A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-16 | 山东理工大学 | The technique of hardly degraded organic substance advanced treating in a kind of Industrial reverse osmosis concentrated water |
| CN108911304A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-30 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of reverse osmosis concentrated water nanofiltration desalination technique effectively eliminating fouling membrane |
| CN109574421A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-05 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of reverse osmosis concentration enhanced water processing method and equipment |
| CN110127906A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-16 | 兖州煤业股份有限公司 | It is the method for reverse osmosis concentrated water desalination using benzyltriethylammoinium chloride |
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