CN102633409A - Technological method for controlling disinfection by-product and pathogenic microorganism risk of drinking water - Google Patents
Technological method for controlling disinfection by-product and pathogenic microorganism risk of drinking water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technological method for controlling the disinfection by-product and pathogenic microorganism risk of drinking water, belonging to the field of drinking water treatment. The drinking water is produced by combining biological pretreatment, pre-ozonation, main ozonation, active carbon filter and conventional coagulation-precipitation-sand filtration-disinfectant fluid treatment technology, and the method is a feed water treatment technological method which is developed for the micro-pollution raw water and controls the disinfection by-product and pathogenic microorganism heath risk in the water purifying process. The micro-polluted raw water sequentially enters a biological pretreatment tank, a pre-ozonation contact tank, a folded-plate flocculating tank, an inclined-tube sedimentation tank, a sand filter, a main ozonation contact tank, an active carbon filter and a disinfection tank, and finally flows into a clean water reservoir. Through the application of the biological pretreatment, two-level ozone oxidation and active carbon technology, the removal effect on the turbidity, organic matters, the disinfection by-product precursor, the virus microorganism, bacteria microorganism and the like is obviously improved, and the water quality and safety are obviously superior to those of the traditional coagulation sedimentation technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of drinking water treatment, be specifically related to a kind of process method of controlling disinfection by-product of drinking water and pathogenic micro-organism risk.
Background technology
Along with industrial or agricultural and The development in society and economy; And human material and cultural life improves constantly; A large amount of trade effluents, agricultural irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide and sewage enter in the natural water body environment, make that the contaminated degree in urban drinking water water source is serious day by day, become micro polluted source.Especially the existence of various organic pollutants, virus and bacterium microbe causes the risk of producible DBPs and pathogenic micro-organism harm in the tap water to enlarge markedly in the water source.And at present most city water factory still adopts traditional former water-coagulation-deposition-filtration-disinfectant technology; This technology is applicable to that mainly the water source satisfies the drinking water treatment of surface water three class standards, handles main the removal liking suspended substance, colloidal impurity and the bacterium in the water.But along with composition more sophisticated, the concentration level of various organic pollutants in the micro polluted source raises gradually; Except that the bacterium microbe of routine; It is unable to do what one wishes that the aggravation of virus type microbial contamination, traditional drinking water treatment technology have shown, is the organism dissolved organic matter particularly that can not effectively remove wherein on the one hand; Cause the generation of a large amount of poisonous and harmful DBPs in the sterilizing process, the chemical health risk of water outlet increases; Be undesirable to the virus type removal of microorganisms effect littler on the other hand, make the microbial safety of water outlet also can not get ensureing than protozoon and bacterium microbe volume.China's Urban water supply water quality standard is also improving gradually simultaneously; In order to adapt to existing micro polluted source water quality and water quality standard, seem particularly urgent to the exploitation of controlling the water treatment technology of DBPs and pathogenic micro-organism risk in the micro-polluted water treating processes simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of process method of controlling disinfection by-product of drinking water and pathogenic micro-organism risk is provided.This process method combines Biological Pretreatment, preparatory ozone, main ozone, activated carbon filter with traditional water-purifying process, constitute a kind of compound degree of depth drinking water treatment process system.
Central Plains of the present invention water is the micro-polluted drinking water water source that receives chemistry and the dual pollution of mikrobe.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme:
A kind of process method of controlling disinfection by-product of drinking water and pathogenic micro-organism risk, concrete steps are following:
(1) micro-polluted raw at first gets into the Biological Pretreatment pond, pneumatic pump carry out under the situation of aeration oxygen supply with the Biological Pretreatment pond in the lightweight biofilter material fully contact, mainly be that organism and ammonia nitrogen are effectively degraded to pollutant in water; The empty bench grafting in Biological Pretreatment pond touches times 30 ~ 60 min, and the GWR setting range is 0.5:1 ~ 1.5:1;
(2) water outlet of step (1) gets into preparatory ozone reaction pond; In preparatory ozone reaction pond, add ozone and carry out preoxidation, mineral compound, colourity, turbidity etc. in the water body are removed organism in the partially oxidation water body; With the strengthening subsequent coagulation process, and while part deactivation pathogenic micro-organism; The ozone dosage is pressed flooding velocity and is calculated, and the ozone dosage is 0.5 ~ 1.5 mg/L in advance, oxidization time 10 ~ 15min;
(3) dosing coagulant gathered sulphur aluminum chloride before the water outlet of step (2) got into the folded plate flocculation pond, carried out coagulating and deposition behind the mixing fully fast, turbidity material in the removal water body and larger molecular organics etc.;
(4) water outlet of step (3) gets into sand filter, further removes turbidity material and pathogenic micro-organism;
(5) water outlet of step (4) gets into main ozone contact tank, in the pond, adds ozone and carries out oxidation and sterilization, imitates the various DBPs precursors of oxidation by force, with the absorption property of strengthening subsequent activated carbon filter to it, and simultaneously effective deactivation pathogenic micro-organism.The ozone dosage is pressed flooding velocity and is calculated, and main ozone adds 1.0 ~ 3.0 mg/L, oxidization time 15 ~ 20 min;
(6) water outlet of step (5) gets into activated carbon filter, mainly relies on the ozone oxidation product that produces in the last step of physical adsorption performance absorption of gac, removes all kinds of sterilization product precursors in the water body;
(7) water outlet of step (6) gets into sterilization pool, kills the mikrobe that still exists in the water body and keeps the pipe network chlorine residue;
(8) water outlet of step (7) flows into clean water basin, supplies with the user by water pump.
Among the present invention; The lightweight biological particles filtrate of filling in the step (1) is the white foam shape spheroidal particle filtrate that import polystyrene resin particle forms through twice infusion of high temperature, particle diameter 5-7 mm, bulk density 0.08-0.1 g/mL; Porosity 50%, foaming degree are that starting material are more than 40 times.
Among the present invention, adopt ozonizer situ production ozone in said step (2) and (5), it is source of the gas that ozonizer adopts air, gets into producer after the dry air, through regulating strength of current control ozone generation concentration.
Among the present invention, the sulphur aluminum chloride that gathers that adds in the step (3) is multiple mixture of ingredients, has the very high polymerization degree, belongs to that molecular weight is big, the higher inorganics high-molecular coagulant adopting of electric charge, press flooding velocity calculating, and dosage is that 5 ~ 15 mg/L are (with Al
2O
3Meter).Effective flocculation time 10 ~ 15 min in folded plate flocculation pond, tube settler hydraulic detention time 90 ~ 120 min.
Among the present invention, sand filter is filled homogeneous filtering material silica sand, particle diameter 1-2 mm in the step (4).
Among the present invention, gac is the ature of coal columnar activated carbon described in the step (6), specification (particle diameter * length) 1.5 * 5.0 mm, and iodine number>=1050 mg/g, tetracol phenixin>=70%, methylene blue number>=150 mg/g is loaded density≤0.4 ~ 0.5 g/mL.
Among the present invention, add the chlorine bleach liquor in the step (7) and carry out disinfection, the chlorine dosage is that 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg/L add according to water factory's water outlet residual chlorine amount.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) adopted two-stage ozone and chlorine coupling sterilization among the present invention, guaranteed the inactivating efficacy to pathogenic micro-organism in the water body, more traditional water-purifying process and Yan Gengneng ensure the hygiology safety performance of tap water.Both overcome single ozonization and do not had and continue to kill toxic shortcoming, overcome the shortcoming that can produce a large amount of DBPs in the single cholorination process again.
(2) the present invention has adopted that preparatory ozone is connected with coagulation-settlement process, main ozone is connected with active carbon filter tank technique, and coagulation-settlement process that has connect after having significantly improved and activated carbon filter are to the removal performance of DBPs precursors such as organism in the water body.
(3) Biological Pretreatment has adopted lightweight biological particles filtrate in the process method of the present invention; In the blast aeration process, can be fluidized state; Increased contacting of its surface biological film and water body, significantly improved the degradation property of biological pre-treatment process organism in the water body and ammonia nitrogen.
(4) coagulating agent that coagulating adopts in the process method of the present invention gathers sulphur aluminum chloride and has the very high polymerization degree; Belong to that molecular weight is big, the higher inorganics high-molecular coagulant adopting of electric charge; Compare with traditional inorganic water purification agent, it has, and flocculating effect is good, effect is fast, consumption is few, nontoxicity, advantage such as with low cost.
(6) the present invention is that source of the gas situ production ozone is used for preparatory ozone and main ozone process with the air, and the ozone concn of generation can reach processing requirement fully, and running cost is lower.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is processing set-up figure of the present invention.
Label among the figure: 1 is retention basin, and 2 is biological pretreatment pool, and 3 is preparatory ozone contact tank, and 4 for mixing agitated pool, and 5 is the folded plate flocculation pond, and 6 is tube settler; 7 is sand filter, and 8 is main ozone contact tank, and 9 is activated carbon filter, and 10 is the cholorination pond, and 11 is clean water basin, and 12 is whisking appliance; 13 is constant flow pump, and 14 is biofilter material, and 15 is venting port, and 16 is whisking appliance, and 17 is lift pump; 18 is honeycomb sexangle inclined tube, and 19 is mud discharging mouth, and 20 is quartz sand filter media, and 21 is venting port, and 22 is the upper strata gac; 23 is lower floor's silica sand, and 24 is ozonizer, and 25 is riser, and 26 is recoil pump, and 27 is pneumatic pump.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 2; The device that a kind of process method of controlling disinfection by-product of drinking water and pathogenic micro-organism risk adopts is connected to form through pipeline and valve by retention basin 1, Biological Pretreatment pond 2, preparatory ozone contact tank 3, mixing agitated pool 4, folded plate flocculation pond 5, tube settler 6, sand filter 7, main ozone contact tank 8, activated carbon filter 9, cholorination pond 10 and clean water basin 11 successively; Wherein: the pipeline that retention basin 1 is connected with Biological Pretreatment pond 2 is provided with constant flow pump 13; Be full of biofilter material 14 in the Biological Pretreatment pond 2; 2 bottoms, Biological Pretreatment pond connect pneumatic pump 27, and aeration is carried out in Biological Pretreatment pond 2; Ozone contact tank 3 is connected respectively from oxygengenerator 24 with main ozone contact tank 8 in advance, and ozone contact tank 3 tops are provided with venting port 15 in advance; Mix in the agitated pool 4 being provided with whisking appliance 16, the pipeline that mixing agitated pool 4 is connected with folded plate flocculation pond 5 is provided with lift pump 17; Tube settler 6 bottoms are provided with mud discharging mouth 19; Be full of quartz sand filter media 20 in the sand filter 7, its top is provided with riser 28; Be distributed with upper strata gac 22 and lower floor's silica sand 23 in the activated carbon filter 9 from top to bottom, be provided with whisking appliance 12 in the sterilization pool 10; Biological Pretreatment pond 2, sand filter 7 and activated carbon filter 9 are respectively through pipe connection recoil pump 26.
Micro-polluted raw gets into Biological Pretreatment pond 2 through constant flow pump 13; Biological Pretreatment pond 2 is connected with pneumatic pump 27 and carries out aeration; The GWR setting range is 0.5:1 ~ 1.5:1, makes 14 fluidizations of lightweight biofilter material, increases contacting of its surface biological film and water body; Replenish dissolved oxygen in the water body simultaneously, significantly improve in the filter material surface microbial film mikrobe the degradation property of organism in the water body and ammonia nitrogen.
Ozone contact tank 3 is connected with ozonizer 24 in advance; With the air is that source of the gas is produced ozone; Water body is carried out preoxidation, to mineral compound, colourity, turbidity, suspended particulate in the water body, smell and flavor etc. is effectively removed, organism in the partially oxidation water simultaneously; With the strengthening subsequent coagulation process, and part is killed pathogenic micro-organism in the water body; Calculate with flooding velocity, the ozone dosage is 0.5 ~ 1.5 mg/L, duration of contact 10 ~ 15 min.
Coagulating gathers sulphur aluminum chloride and carries out through adding novel coagulating agent, calculates with flooding velocity, and gathering sulphur aluminum chloride dosage is that 5 ~ 15 mg/L are (with Al
2O
3Count), get into the folded plate flocculation pond behind the mixing fully fast, get into tube settler behind flocculation reaction 10 ~ 15 min, effective STs 90 ~ 120 min is with turbidity material in the removal water body and larger molecular organics etc.; Sand filter 7 is further removed turbidity material and pathogenic micro-organism.
Main ozone contact tank 8 is connected with ozonizer 24; In main ozone contact tank 8, add ozone and carry out oxidation and sterilization; Still the DBPs precursor that exists in the efficient oxidation water body, with the absorption property of strengthening subsequent activated carbon filter to it, simultaneously effective deactivation pathogenic micro-organism.Calculate with flooding velocity, the ozone dosage is 1.0 ~ 3.0 mg/L, duration of contact 15 ~ 20 min; 9 pairs of ozone oxidation products of activated carbon filter adsorb, and effectively reduce DBPs and generate gesture.
Add Youxiaolin in the cholorination pond 10 in order to kill the mikrobe that still exists in the water body and to keep the pipe network chlorine residue, the chlorine dosage is that 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg/L add according to water factory's water outlet residual chlorine amount; Clean water basin compile the former water of processing and supply with the user by water pump.
Because more conventional coagulation-settlement process has increased Biological Pretreatment, preparatory ozone, main ozone and activated carbon filter technology; Removal effect to turbidity, organism, DBPs precursor, viral micro-organisms, bacterial micro-organism etc. has a more substantial increase; DBPs generates gesture significantly to be reduced; Pathogenic micro-organism can be by complete inactivation and removal, and water quality safety property obviously is superior to traditional coagulation-settlement process.
Embodiment 1:
To process method research experiment of the present invention, micro-polluted raw gets into the Biological Pretreatment pond, through constant flow pump control flooding velocity 0.4 m
3Aeration GWR 1:1 in the/d, pond body; Water outlet gets into preparatory ozone contact tank, preparatory ozone dosage 0.5 mg/L, duration of contact 10 min; Add before the water outlet entering folded plate flocculation pond and gather sulphur aluminum chloride, dosage 8.9 mg/L are (with Al
2O
3Meter), water outlet gets into tube settler behind 15 min that effectively flocculate, effectively STs 106 min; Get into sand filter then and get into main ozone contact tank after filtering, main ozone dosage is 2.5 mg/L, duration of contact 20 min; After activated carbon filter filters, get into sterilization pool then, the chlorine dosage is that 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg/L add according to water factory's water outlet residual chlorine amount, contact reacts times 120 min, and water outlet gets into clean water basin.Inlet and outlet water water quality is as shown in table 1 in the test.
Inlet and outlet water water quality situation among table 1 embodiment 1
| Water inlet | Water outlet | Clearance (%) | |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 34.3 | 0.830 | 97.58 |
| COD (mg/L) | 8.47 | 2.17 | 74.38 |
| UV 254(cm -1) | 0.142 | 0.040 | 71.83 |
| Haloform generates gesture (μ g/L) | 155.22 | 70.14 | 54.81 |
| Halogen acetic acid generates gesture (μ g/L) | 129.94 | 36.65 | 71.79 |
| MS2 phage (FPU/100L) | 8710 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Φ Χ 174 phages (FPU/100L) | 59500 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Total plate count (cfu/mL) | 5400 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Total coli group (cfu/100mL) | >2419.6 | 0 | 100.00 |
Embodiment 2:
To process method research experiment of the present invention, micro-polluted raw gets into the Biological Pretreatment pond, through constant flow pump control flooding velocity 0.6 m
3Aeration GWR 1:1 in the/d, pond body; Water outlet gets into preparatory ozone contact tank, preparatory ozone dosage 0.5 mg/L, duration of contact 10 min; Add before the water outlet entering folded plate flocculation pond and gather sulphur aluminum chloride, dosage 8.9 mg/L are (with Al
2O
3Meter), water outlet gets into tube settler behind 15 min that effectively flocculate, effectively STs 106 min; Get into sand filter then and get into main ozone contact tank after filtering, main ozone dosage is 2.5 mg/L, duration of contact 20 min; After activated carbon filter filters, get into sterilization pool then, the chlorine dosage is that 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg/L add according to water factory's water outlet residual chlorine amount, contact reacts times 120 min, and water outlet gets into clean water basin.Inlet and outlet water water quality is as shown in table 2 in the test.
Inlet and outlet water water quality situation among table 2 embodiment 2
| Water inlet | Water outlet | Clearance (%) | |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 32.0 | 0.901 | 97.18 |
| COD (mg/L) | 7.92 | 2.25 | 71.59 |
| UV 254(cm -1) | 0.150 | 0.044 | 70.67 |
| Haloform generates gesture (μ g/L) | 151.04 | 69.05 | 54.28 |
| Halogen acetic acid generates gesture (μ g/L) | 122.85 | 38.61 | 68.57 |
| MS2 phage (FPU/100L) | 7650 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Φ Χ 174 phages (FPU/100L) | 42000 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Total plate count (cfu/mL) | 4800 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Total coli group (cfu/100mL) | >2419.6 | 0 | 100.00 |
Embodiment 3:
To process method research experiment of the present invention, micro-polluted raw gets into the Biological Pretreatment pond, through constant flow pump control flooding velocity 0.8 m
3Aeration GWR 1:1 in the/d, pond body; Water outlet gets into preparatory ozone contact tank, preparatory ozone dosage 0.5 mg/L, duration of contact 10 min; Add before the water outlet entering folded plate flocculation pond and gather sulphur aluminum chloride, dosage 8.9 mg/L are (with Al
2O
3Meter), water outlet gets into tube settler behind 15 min that effectively flocculate, effectively STs 106 min; Get into sand filter then and get into main ozone contact tank after filtering, main ozone dosage is 2.5 mg/L, duration of contact 20 min; After activated carbon filter filters, get into sterilization pool then, the chlorine dosage is that 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg/L add according to water factory's water outlet residual chlorine amount, contact reacts times 120 min, and water outlet gets into clean water basin.Inlet and outlet water water quality is as shown in table 3 in the test.
Inlet and outlet water water quality situation among table 3 embodiment 3
| Water inlet | Water outlet | Clearance (%) | |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 30.9 | 0.850 | 97.25 |
| COD (mg/L) | 8.72 | 2.32 | 73.40 |
| UV 254(cm -1) | 0.153 | 0.046 | 70.39 |
| Haloform generates gesture (μ g/L) | 140.11 | 65.51 | 53.24 |
| Halogen acetic acid generates gesture (μ g/L) | 121.69 | 37.71 | 69.01 |
| MS2 phage (FPU/100L) | 6330 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Φ Χ 174 phages (FPU/100L) | 48000 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Total plate count (cfu/mL) | 5000 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Total coli group (cfu/100mL) | >2419.6 | 0 | 100.00 |
Can know according to above-mentioned data; The former water that adopts in the test receives the influence of inland river river transport transportation, pollutant discharge of enterprise, agricultural irrigation, agriculture chemical, resident living sewage and herding discharge of wastewater; After handling through process method of the present invention; Haloform and halogen acetic acid generate gesture significantly to be reduced; The MS2 of two types of viral indicator organisms of conduct and Φ Χ 174 phages, total plate count and total coli group are all by 100% complete inactivation and removal simultaneously, and final outflow water water quality reaches the Drinking Water in China hygienic standard.
Claims (8)
1. process method of controlling disinfection by-product of drinking water and pathogenic micro-organism risk is characterized in that concrete steps are following:
(1) micro-polluted raw at first gets into the Biological Pretreatment pond, pneumatic pump carry out under the situation of aeration oxygen supply with the Biological Pretreatment pond in the lightweight biofilter material fully contact, mainly be that organism and ammonia nitrogen are effectively degraded to pollutant in water; The empty bench grafting in Biological Pretreatment pond touches times 30 ~ 60 min, and the GWR setting range is 0.5:1 ~ 1.5:1;
(2) water outlet of step (1) gets into preparatory ozone reaction pond; In preparatory ozone reaction pond, add ozone and carry out preoxidation, mineral compound, colourity, turbidity etc. in the water body are removed organism in the partially oxidation water body; With the strengthening subsequent coagulation process, and while part deactivation pathogenic micro-organism; The ozone dosage is pressed flooding velocity and is calculated, and the ozone dosage is 0.5 ~ 1.5 mg/L in advance, oxidization time 10 ~ 15min;
(3) dosing coagulant gathered sulphur aluminum chloride before the water outlet of step (2) got into the folded plate flocculation pond, carried out coagulating and deposition behind the mixing fully fast, removed turbidity material and larger molecular organics in the water body;
(4) water outlet of step (3) gets into sand filter, further removes turbidity material and pathogenic micro-organism;
(5) water outlet of step (4) gets into main ozone contact tank; In main ozone contact tank, add ozone and carry out oxidation and sterilization; The strong various DBPs precursors of oxidation of imitating, with the absorption property of strengthening subsequent activated carbon filter to it, simultaneously effective deactivation pathogenic micro-organism; The ozone dosage is pressed flooding velocity and is calculated, and main ozone adds 1.0 ~ 3.0 mg/L, oxidization time 15 ~ 20 min;
(6) water outlet of step (5) gets into activated carbon filter, mainly relies on the ozone oxidation product that produces in the last step of physical adsorption performance absorption of gac, removes all kinds of sterilization product precursors in the water body;
(7) water outlet of step (6) gets into sterilization pool, kills the mikrobe that still exists in the water body and keeps the pipe network chlorine residue;
(8) water outlet of step (7) flows into clean water basin, supplies with the user by water pump.
2. the process method of control disinfection by-product of drinking water according to claim 1 and pathogenic micro-organism risk; It is characterized in that the lightweight biological particles filtrate of filling in the step (1) is the white foam shape spheroidal particle filtrate that the polystyrene resin particle forms through twice infusion of high temperature; Particle diameter 5-7 mm; Bulk density 0.08-0.1 g/mL, porosity 50%, foaming degree is that starting material are more than 40 times.
3. the process method of control disinfection by-product of drinking water according to claim 1 and pathogenic micro-organism risk; It is characterized in that adopting in said step (2) and the step (5) ozonizer to produce ozone; It is source of the gas that ozonizer adopts air; Get into producer after the dry air, through regulating strength of current control ozone generation concentration.
4. the process method of control disinfection by-product of drinking water according to claim 1 and pathogenic micro-organism risk is characterized in that calculating by flooding velocity, and the sulphur aluminum chloride dosage that gathers that adds in the step (3) is that 5 ~ 15 mg/L are (with Al
2O
3Meter).
5. the process method of control disinfection by-product of drinking water according to claim 1 and pathogenic micro-organism risk is characterized in that effective flocculation time 10 ~ 15 min in folded plate flocculation pond, tube settler hydraulic detention time 90 ~ 120 min.
6. the process method of control disinfection by-product of drinking water according to claim 1 and pathogenic micro-organism risk is characterized in that sand filter is filled homogeneous filtering material silica sand, particle diameter 1-2 mm in the step (4).
7. the process method of control disinfection by-product of drinking water according to claim 1 and pathogenic micro-organism risk; It is characterized in that gac is the ature of coal columnar activated carbon described in the step (6); Particle diameter * length is 1.5 * 5.0 mm, iodine number>=1050 mg/g, tetracol phenixin>=70%; Methylene blue number>=150 mg/g is loaded density≤0.4 ~ 0.5 g/mL.
8. the process method of control disinfection by-product of drinking water according to claim 1 and pathogenic micro-organism risk; It is characterized in that adding the chlorine bleach liquor in the step (7) carries out disinfection, the chlorine dosage is that 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg/L add according to water factory's water outlet residual chlorine amount.
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