CN102629495A - External neutron source drive type nuclear battery - Google Patents
External neutron source drive type nuclear battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102629495A CN102629495A CN2012100721557A CN201210072155A CN102629495A CN 102629495 A CN102629495 A CN 102629495A CN 2012100721557 A CN2012100721557 A CN 2012100721557A CN 201210072155 A CN201210072155 A CN 201210072155A CN 102629495 A CN102629495 A CN 102629495A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an external neutron source drive type nuclear battery which comprises a heat source and a thermoelectric conversion device arranged outside the heat source. The heat source comprises a neutron source module, a fuel kernel, a fuel container and a graphite reflector module, wherein the neutron source module is arranged at the center of the heat source; the fuel kernel is enwrapped outside the axial direction of the neutron source module; the fuel container is enwrapped outside the axial direction of the fuel kernel and formed by a beryllium reflector; and the graphite reflector module enwrapped outside the fuel container and formed by graphite. The neutron source module is made of 252Cf; and the fuel kernel is made of fissile nuclide. The external neutron source drive type nuclear battery has the advantage that while the advantage of modularization of a radioactive isotope nuclear battery is kept, the specific power and the thermal power output of the nuclear battery are further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear battery, particularly a kind of outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery.
Background technology
The radioactive isotope nuclear battery is that the entrained energy conversion of high energy particle that the radioactive isotope decay is radiated through thermoelectric conversion device or charge-trapping device etc. is the device of electric energy.Development radioactive isotope nuclear battery comparatively ripe and that be used widely mainly is radioactive isotope thermoelectric nuclear battery (RTG).At present; The type of radioactive isotope thermoelectric nuclear battery mainly contains radioisotopic heat source (RHU); Hectowatt grade radioactive isotope nuclear battery (MHW-RTG), versatility radioactive isotope nuclear battery (GPHS-RTG) and multi-usage radioactive isotope nuclear battery (MMRTG)
[1～2]But because the principle problem of radioactive isotope nuclear battery is an example with GPHS-RTG, the highest only 0.5w/g of its specific power, the exportable thermal power of single-bit module is 62.5w.Do not carry out the improvement of principle, the specific power of radioactive isotope nuclear battery and thermal power output are difficult to increase.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming that above-mentioned prior art exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery, in the modularization advantage that keeps the radioactive isotope nuclear battery, further improve the specific power and the thermal power output of nuclear battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopted is:
A kind of outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery; Comprise thermal source and be arranged on the outer thermoelectric conversion device 5 of thermal source; Said thermal source comprises the neutron source module 1 that places the thermal source center; Be wrapped in the axially outside fuel kernel 2 of neutron source module 1, be wrapped in the axially outside beryllium reflectors of fuel kernel 2 and form fuel containers 3, be wrapped in the outside graphite reflector module of forming by graphite 4 of fuel container 3.
The material of said neutron source module 1 does
252Cf.
The material of said fuel kernel 2 is a fissile nuclide.
Said fissile nuclide does
235The U enrichment is 100% metal U fuel.
Also comprise the metal level 6 that is wrapped in graphite reflector module 4 outsides.
The material of said metal level 6 is copper, aluminium or cadmium.
The radius of described neutron source module 1 is 0.435cm; The inside radius of said fuel kernel 2 is 0.435cm, and external radius is 1.38cm; Fuel container 3 inside radiuss that said beryllium reflector forms are 1.38cm, and external radius is 2.18cm; The length of said graphite reflector module 4 is respectively 4.86cm, 4.66cm and 5.31cm; The length of said metal level 6 is respectively 5.41cm, 5.21cm and 5.86cm.
Described outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery is used for spacecraft.
The present invention compares with prior art, has following advantage:
The present invention keeps radioactive isotope nuclear battery physical dimension little, modular design, and advantages such as high-specific-power and thermal power output have further improved nuclear battery specific power and thermal power.Through to the selecting of fuel,
235The U enrichment is that the nuclear battery specific power is 9.6W/g under the 100% metal U fuel, is 16 times of radioactive isotope nuclear battery, and thermal power is 37.1kW, is 13.3 times of radioactive isotope nuclear batteries; On the basis of above-mentioned design; Outside the fuel kernel, add beryllium reflector; Reduced the neutron leakage rate, thereby further improved the specific power and the thermal power of nuclear battery, this moment, specific power can reach 10.433W/g; Thermal power output can reach 40.32kW, is respectively 18 times and 14.45 times of radioactive isotope nuclear battery.Considerably beyond GPHS-RTG, and the interpolation of metal level can improve the heat transfer property of nuclear battery and increase intensity through the outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery of above-mentioned design.Because the modular design of outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery; The interpolation that can be further carry out preferred and modular unit to different fuel under the different enrichments is exported specific power that further improves nuclear battery and thermal power with deleting; Thereby improve or reduce the thermal power of nuclear battery, to satisfy the different power supply requirement of different spacecrafts.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention 1 structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 2 structural representations.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment structural principle of the present invention and principle of work are done further explain.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery of present embodiment; Comprise thermal source and be arranged on the outer thermoelectric conversion device 5 of thermal source, said thermal source comprises the neutron source module 1 that places the thermal source center, is wrapped in the axially outside fuel kernel 2 of neutron source module 1; Be wrapped in the axially outside beryllium reflectors of fuel kernel 2 and form fuel containers 3, be wrapped in the outside graphite reflector module of forming by graphite 4 of fuel container 3.
Preferably, the material of said neutron source module 1 does
252Cf.
Preferably, the material of said fuel kernel 2 is a fissile nuclide, as
235The U enrichment is 100% metal U fuel.
Preferably, the radius of described neutron source module 1 is 0.435cm; The inside radius of said fuel kernel 2 is 0.435cm, and external radius is 1.38cm; Fuel container 3 inside radiuss that said beryllium reflector forms are 1.38cm, and external radius is 2.18cm; The length of said graphite reflector module 4 is respectively 4.86cm, 4.66cm and 5.31cm.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery of present embodiment is compared with embodiment 1 just at graphite reflector module 4 outer wrap layer of metal layers 6, and the material of metal level 6 is copper, aluminium or cadmium.Through at graphite reflector module 4 outer wrap layer of metal layers 6, can increase the outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery intensity of the present invention.
Preferably, the radius of described neutron source module 1 is 0.435cm; The inside radius of said fuel kernel 2 is 0.435cm, and external radius is 1.38cm; Fuel container 3 inside radiuss that said beryllium reflector forms are 1.38cm, and external radius is 2.18cm; The length of said graphite reflector module 4 is respectively 4.86cm, 4.66cm and 5.31cm; The length of said metal level 6 is respectively 5.41cm, 5.21cm and 5.86cm.
Principle of work of the present invention is: neutron source module 1
252With the continuous crash response of easy fission fuel U, because U fuel mass size is less, the neutron leakage rate is higher in a large amount of neutrons entering fuel kernels 2 that Cf radiates in the source; Need reduce slip with beryllium reflector, however, the critical degree of system is still less; The stability of neutron chain reaction is mainly kept by neutron source module 1; On the other hand, be prone to fission fuel and the average each fission reaction of neutron the particle of the energy about 200MeV carried in generation, most energy with particle in fuel kernel 2, collide transport and deposit with the heat energy form under; Under fraction other part depositions outside the fuel kernel; The temperature of whole nuclear battery changes in time progressively and improves, and is last, through thermoelectric conversion device output electric energy.
Claims (8)
1. outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery; Comprise thermal source and be arranged on the outer thermoelectric conversion device 5 of thermal source; It is characterized in that: said thermal source comprises the neutron source module 1 that places the thermal source center; Be wrapped in the axially outside fuel kernel 2 of neutron source module 1, be wrapped in the axially outside beryllium reflectors of fuel kernel 2 and form fuel containers 3, be wrapped in the outside graphite reflector module of forming by graphite 4 of fuel container 3
2. outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of said neutron source module 1 is 252Cf.
3. outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of said fuel kernel 2 is a fissile nuclide.
4. outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: said fissile nuclide is 100% metal U fuel for the 235U enrichment.
5. outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise the metal level 6 that is wrapped in graphite reflector module 4 outsides.
6. outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the said material that belongs to layer 6 is copper, aluminium or cadmium.
7. according to each described outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: the radius of described neutron source module 1 is 0.435cm; The inside radius of said fuel kernel 2 is 0.435cm, and external radius is 1.38cm; Fuel container 3 inside radiuss that said beryllium reflector forms are 1.38cm, and external radius is 2.18cm; The length of said graphite reflector module 4 is respectively 4.86cm, 4.66cm and 5.31cm; The length of said metal level 6 is respectively 5.41cm, 5.21cm and 5.86cm.
8. the described outer neutron source drive-type nuclear battery of claim 1 is used for spacecraft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100721557A CN102629495A (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | External neutron source drive type nuclear battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100721557A CN102629495A (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | External neutron source drive type nuclear battery |
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| CN102629495A true CN102629495A (en) | 2012-08-08 |
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| CN2012100721557A Pending CN102629495A (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | External neutron source drive type nuclear battery |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108335776A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-27 | 吉林大学 | A kind of americium beryllium neutro ource destroyed |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3472702A (en) * | 1965-04-08 | 1969-10-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Radioisotope-powered thermoelectric generators |
| CN101447238A (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-03 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Nuclear reactor core capable of improving neutron flux rate |
| CN101552046A (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2009-10-07 | 西安交通大学 | Compound isotope battery |
| CN201536015U (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-07-28 | 杨京明 | Composite energy-storing isotope battery device |
-
2012
- 2012-03-19 CN CN2012100721557A patent/CN102629495A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3472702A (en) * | 1965-04-08 | 1969-10-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Radioisotope-powered thermoelectric generators |
| CN101447238A (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-03 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Nuclear reactor core capable of improving neutron flux rate |
| CN101552046A (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2009-10-07 | 西安交通大学 | Compound isotope battery |
| CN201536015U (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-07-28 | 杨京明 | Composite energy-storing isotope battery device |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| GARY L.BENNETT 等: "Mission of Daring:The General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator", 《4TH INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT》 * |
| 彭振驯 等: "一种复合型核电池的理论设计", 《核技术》 * |
| 王三丙 等: "外中子源驱动式核电源", 《核技术》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108335776A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-27 | 吉林大学 | A kind of americium beryllium neutro ource destroyed |
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Application publication date: 20120808 |