CN102627271A - Separating method for metallic carbon nanotube - Google Patents
Separating method for metallic carbon nanotube Download PDFInfo
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- CN102627271A CN102627271A CN2012101286789A CN201210128678A CN102627271A CN 102627271 A CN102627271 A CN 102627271A CN 2012101286789 A CN2012101286789 A CN 2012101286789A CN 201210128678 A CN201210128678 A CN 201210128678A CN 102627271 A CN102627271 A CN 102627271A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbon nanotube separating technology, in particular to a separating method for a carbon nanotube. The method comprises the following steps of: putting the carbon nanotube into an acid solution for acidifying; preparing the acidified carbon nanotube into a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; and adding the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid into a chromatographic column which contains a filler substrate, adding one eluent or a combination of more than two eluents into the chromatographic column, and collecting an effluent in batch from the tail end of the chromatographic column to realize gradual separation of carbon nanotubes of different pipe diameters. Metal catalyst particles on the surface of a carbon tube are reduced or removed by roughly manufacturing a carbon nanotube by acidifying, metallic carbon nanotubes of different pipe diameters can be separated by using a common chromatographic column separating method, operation is easy and convenient, equipment is cheap, and large-scale and low-cost separation of the carbon nanotube are easy to realize; and the separating method can develop into an effective means for selectively separating metallic carbon nanotubes on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the carbon nanotube separation technology, relate in particular to a kind of separation method of from SWCN, isolating different tube diameters distribution metallic carbon nanotubes.
Background technology
(Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes SWCNTs) has excellent electric property to SWCN, with fields such as transparent conductive films wide application prospect is arranged in nano photoelectric device, transmitter, touch demonstration.But the SWCNTs of existing conventional means preparation basically is the mixture of metallicity and semiconductive carbon nano tube, has limited metallicity and semiconductive carbon nano tube in the application in field separately.Therefore effective stripping technique of metallicity and semiconductive carbon nano tube becomes the focus in the present SWCNTs practical application.
Along with the continuous development of stripping technique, in recent years, the stripping technique focus of SWCN had turned to the more careful caliber and the separation of chirality.Existing chiral separation technology is that to be suitable in the isolating carbon pipe semiconductive carbon pipe content higher relatively because existing preparation means is prepared on the one hand mostly for semiconductive carbon nano tube, separates to get up workable; Be because the chirality kind rich of semiconductive carbon pipe on the other hand.And compare with semiconductive carbon pipe, metallicity carbon pipe content is lower, and the chirality kind is few, and the caliber narrowly distributing is difficult to realize separating relatively, and therefore the caliber stripping technique for metallic carbon nanotubes rarely has report.
Summary of the invention
The caliber selective separation technology that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of metallic carbon nanotubes; Utilize cheap apparatus and easy operation, realize to isolate in a large number, effectively, at low cost at short notice the different tube diameters distribution metallic carbon nanotubes in the rough carbon nanotube.
The separation method of this carbon nanotube may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: get carbon nanotube and place acidic solution to carry out acidification;
Step 2: the carbon nanotube after the said acidification is made into the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid;
Step 3: said carbon nanotube dispersion liquid is added in the chromatographic column that contains filler matrix; Add a kind of elutriant or two or more elutriant combinations to said chromatographic column then; Collect effluent at said chromatographic column end in batches, realize that the priority of different carbon nanotubes is separated.
Also comprise:
Step 4: the combination with said a kind of elutriant or two or more elutriants is carried out drip washing repeatedly to said chromatographic column; And,
Step 5: repeat above-mentioned steps one～step 4, realize the separation of carbon nanotube magnanimity.
Wherein, the said acidic solution that is used for acidification is the aqueous solution of mineral acid or organic acid any one or two or more combinations that can the dissolution of metals catalyzer.
Said filler matrix in the chromatographic column is good with high-molecular gel generally, can adopt that VISOSE series, agarose are serial, agarose-VISOSE series, SEPIGEL 305 are serial, VISOSE-SEPIGEL 305 series, Z 150PH is serial, PS is serial and polymethyl acrylic acid hydroxyl second fat gel in any one or two or more combination.
For reaching separating effect, contain tensio-active agent in the combination of said filler matrix, said elutriant, elutriant and/or the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid.
Wherein, said tensio-active agent is any one in AS, cats product, amphoterics and the nonionogenic tenside.
Further, said AS is the straight-chain alkyl vitriol of carbochain 10～14; Perhaps, said AS is any one or the two or more combination in sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium laurylsulfonate, Sodium cholic acid, the Sodium desoxycholate; Said ionic surfactant pack is drawn together polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether series.
Be to enlarge the scale to carbon nanotube separation, or improve isolating precision and purity, chromatographic column can be single simply connected, also can be the chromatographic column series more than two that serial or parallel connection is provided with.
For making carbon nanotube in surfactant soln, obtain good dispersion effect, be through one or more the combination operation in UW, grinding, ball milling, the shear agitation mode during preparation of said carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, carry out dispersive.
Compared with prior art, positively effect of the present invention is:
The present invention handles rough carbon nanotube minimizing or removes carbon tube-surface metal catalyst particles thing with the acidifying mode is precondition; Utilize the adsorption strength difference of different diameter metallic carbon nanotubes to the chromatographic column filler medium; Use chromatographic column separating carbon nano-tube commonly used; Thereby easy and simple to handle, cheap device, be easy to realize a large amount of, the low-cost separation of carbon nanotube be expected to develop into a kind of effective way of metallic carbon nanotubes being carried out mass-producing, selective separation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the carbon nanotube sem photograph (a) and the transmission electron microscope picture (b) of not-acidified processing in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the sem photograph of the carbon nanotube of acidified processing in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is each the component abosrption spectrogram after the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid of acidification in the embodiment of the invention flows out from the chromatographic column end.
Fig. 4 is each the component abosrption spectrogram after the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid of not-acidified processing in the embodiment of the invention flows out from the chromatographic column end.
Fig. 5 is Raman spectrogram (a) and different tube diameters metallic carbon nanotubes the Raman spectrogram (b) 532nm excite under of each component under 633nm excites after the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid of acidification in the embodiment of the invention flows out from the chromatographic column end.
Embodiment
To combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is elaborated below.
The present invention provides a kind of method that is used to separate the big or small metallic carbon nanotubes of different tube diameters, and wherein the operation of outbalance relates to several aspects such as preparation, chromatographic column separation and analysis and characterization of carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion liquid.Following elder generation makes brief description to the technical scheme of these several respects:
(1) preparation of CNT dispersion liquid
Prepared CNT of present stage be in from tens to the hundreds of root be wound in the pencil attitude, need it be dispersed into single CNT to before the CNT selective separation.Thereby, be necessary to add tensio-active agent CNT is implemented sufficient dispersion treatment, form isolated and dispersive CNT.By products such as decolorizing carbon that CNT and the CNT that comprises single dispersive CNT in the CNT dispersion liquid of processing and do not formed bunchy by single dispersion prepares in the process to be generated and metal catalyst.For reducing production of by-products, can adopt various physics dispersing method such as UW, grinding, ball milling, shear agitation to prepare this CNT dispersion liquid.It is good wherein adopting ultrasonication.To pass through CNT dispersion liquid after the dispersion treatment and carry out centrifugally, after deposition is removed fasciculation CNT, decolorizing carbon and metal catalyst etc., obtain containing single the dispersions CNT dispersion liquid of tensio-active agent, become the isolating mother liquor of confession chromatographic column.
(2) chromatographic column separation method
In chromatographic column commonly used, add selected filler matrix; Inlet adds the CNT dispersion liquid from the chromatographic column top again; According to the different adsorption strengths between the metallicity CNT of different tube diameters size and the filler matrix; Utilize selected elutriant wash-out, can successively isolate the metallicity CNT that different tube diameters distributes.In chromatographic column, add the elutriant of one or more blending ingredients again, the relative content of kind, concentration or component through changing elutriant can be collected effusive CNT rich stream fluid of different nature from chromatographic column in batches.The pillar length and the pillar caliber of adjustment chromatographic column, or, can realize precision, the magnanimity separation of various CNT with a few root chromatogram column serial or parallel connections use separating carbon nano-tubes.
(3) analysis and characterization
Containers such as employing quartz are got the effluent that collects and are tested, and perhaps in chromatography column separation, directly effluent are carried out the absorption spectrum test.Analysis for metallicity and semiconductive CNT; Can utilize the testing method of ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared absorption spectrum to infer the absorbing band that metallicity and semiconductive CNT, perhaps utilize Raman spectra test method analysis different properties CNT origin spectral signature peak and obtain characterization result.
CNT absorbing band (M on the other hand,
11, S
11, S
22) change with the vary in diameter of measuring CNT, when the CNT variation in diameter, move to short wavelength's direction; When the chap of CNT diameter, move to long wavelength's direction.Therefore, variation also can be inferred the CNT diameter variation of in batches collecting according to absorption spectrum.
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.
Step 1: acidification.Get commercially available Hipco-CNT 2.5g and add ultrasonic 10min, filtration then in Ultrasonic Cleaners in the 6mol/L hydrochloric acid soln to.Add 1mol/L hydrochloric acid among the CNT after filter again, stirred 6 hours, filter afterwards for use.Because contain a considerable amount of metal catalyst particles in the rough carbon nanotube, shown in Fig. 1 a, these metal catalysts can influence the recognition capability of elutriant to the metallic carbon nanotubes radius-of-curvature, therefore need before lock out operation, remove through acidification.The CNT surface of acidified processing can see that through ESEM metal catalyst particles has had obvious minimizing, and is as shown in Figure 2.
Step 2: the matching surface promoting agent aqueous solution is made into the CNT dispersion liquid with the CNT after the said acidification.Get the CNT after the acidification, using mass concentration is that 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) aqueous solution is mixed with the CNT-SDS mixed solution of concentration as 0.3mg/ml.Adopt ultrasonic cell disruption instrument ultrasonic 2h under the power of 40W again, centrifugal afterwards (20,000 * g, 10h, 20 ℃) are got supernatant, and it is for use to obtain acidified processing back CNT dispersion liquid (first dispersion liquid).
Can reach the removal effect nonsurfactant of metal catalyst for further specifying acidification; This enforcement also is provided with a contrast experiment; Promptly adopt the Hipco-CNT of same amount not acidified, directly join ultra-sonic dispersion in 1% the SDS aqueous solution, under identical centrifugal condition, obtain supernatant then; Be made into and be used for correlated CNT dispersion liquid (second dispersion liquid), and under ESEM, observe its structure.Shown in Fig. 1 b, can know that from figure the CNT metal catalyst of seeing not acidified processing still exists in a large number.
Step 3: in the separation of chromatographic column.In the present embodiment; Adopt the filler matrix of propylene polydextran gel S-100 as chromatographic column; 1% the SDS aqueous solution is as elutriant; Inlet joins the chromatographic column from the chromatographic column top with first dispersion liquid after the above-mentioned acidifying, then the SDS elutriant of the continuous adding 1% of inlet from the chromatographic column top.Along with elutriant constantly adds, first dispersion liquid is divided into to terminal sorrel part (metallicity CNT pregnant solution) and the almost actionless green portion in chromatographic column top (semiconductive CNT pregnant solution) that moves of chromatographic column after for some time.
Continuation is carried out drip washing with elutriant to chromatographic column, it is thus clear that two sections sorrel parts that slowly move down successively occur in chromatographic column.Collect the sorrel pregnant solution of these two kinds of different retention times respectively at the chromatographic column end.One section green portion (semiconductive CNT pregnant solution) is also left at the chromatographic column top, and for clearer statement, definition effusive sorrel pregnant solution earlier is M1, and the effusive sorrel pregnant solution in back is M2, and green portion is S1.
Step 4: after having collected M1, M2 part, the DOC elutriant with 0.25% is the elution chromatography post repeatedly, chromatographic column top S1 is partly flowed out and collects.Use 1%SDS elutriant elution chromatography post repeatedly again, after the CNT drip washing that chromatographic column is detained goes out, make filler matrix regeneration, this chromatographic column can be utilized once more.
Step 5, repeating step one～step 4, perhaps the pillar length with chromatographic column extends; Can also pass through the several chromatographic columns of serial or parallel connection, enlarge the scale and the efficient of present embodiment separation method, can realize the separation of CNT magnanimity.
For more a step is explained the material impact of acidification to stripping technique of the present invention; Present embodiment also is provided with a parallel laboratory test, does not promptly have second dispersion liquid of acidified processing to continue to get into follow-up step 2, step 3 (can carry out step 4 or step 5 in case of necessity).That is, second dispersion liquid is injected the chromatographic column inlet, the SDS elutriant of employing 1% carries out drip washing to chromatographic column.At this moment, the green portion of delay appears in the visible color spectrum column top, is defined as S; And one section sorrel part that slowly moves down, be defined as M.With same elutriant and ELUTION METHOD drip washing and collect M, S part.
Below, above-mentioned various piece sent out with absorption spectrum characterize.
As shown in Figure 3, M1, its absorption spectrum of M2 part of being formed by first dispersion liquid all have very strong metal absorption peak in the 450-630nm scope, and the semi-conductor absorption peak of 630-1350nm is visible hardly; Proved M1, M2 once more partly for metallicity CNT pregnant solution, explained that this method has realized separating of metallicity CNT and semiconductive CNT to first dispersion liquid.
See the M part that second dispersion liquid forms again; As shown in Figure 4; Its absorption spectrum also has very strong metal absorption peak in the 450-630nm scope; The semi-conductor absorption peak of 630-1350nm is visible hardly, proved that M partly is a metallicity CNT pregnant solution, explains that second dispersion liquid has also reached separating of metallicity CNT and semiconductive CNT.This conforms to the separating resulting of prior art.About this method with chromatographic column separating metallic CNT and semiconductive CNT, the applicant specifies in another application for a patent for invention of having announced (CN102078864A), repeats no more at this.
Again M1, M2 are partly done further analysis; Absorb to bring from the metal of the 450-630nm of Fig. 3 and see; The enrichment of M1 part the CNT at 555nm place; M2 part then enrichment the CNT that goes out of 461nm, explain that the CNT of M1, the enrichment of M2 two portions certainly exists difference in nature, and be mainly reflected on the caliber size.
Further confirm the caliber distribution problem through Raman spectrum, present embodiment has been gathered 633nm and the 532nm Raman spectrum under exciting, and is as shown in Figure 5.Analyze in conjunction with Fig. 3, can confirm that the metal CNT caliber of M1 part wants big than the metal CNT caliber of M2 part, the inventive method has realized the separation of the metal CNT of different tube diameters size.
Above embodiment and absorption spectrum test result are analyzed: after CNT is carried out acidification; The metal catalyst particles of CNT surface sediment reduces; Cause the enhancing of surfactant SDS to the CNT recognition capability of different curvature radius; Thereby cause the adsorption strength obvious difference of different curvature radius metallicity CNT and separating medium, make that the difference of the different diameter metallicity CNT that script is not easy to be identified is identified.
In other embodiments, use before the chromatographic column separation of C NT, cooperate appropriate solvent with CNT dissolving and homodisperse with containing tensio-active agent or dispersion agent.Wherein, described solvent preferably adopts zero(ppm) water.Drip washing eluent as moving phase during chromatographic column is separated contains tensio-active agent, can be any in AS, cats product, amphoterics and the nonionogenic tenside.Suitable tensio-active agent is that carbochain is that 10～14 straight-chain alkyl vitriol series, especially carbochain are that (sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS) is advisable for 12 sodium lauryl sulphate.Comparatively suitable Sodium cholic acid in addition (sodium cholate, SC) etc.These tensio-active agents not only can mix use, and can be with other tensio-active agents and with using.And, except that negatively charged ion, positively charged ion, both sexes and nonionogenic tenside, also can be dispersion agents such as DNA, high molecular polymer and protein with the tensio-active agent that uses.
After preparing above-mentioned elutriant or dispersion liquid, for promoting dissolving or static stability of above-mentioned CNT dispersion liquid, dispersing method comprises any one or two or more combination of various CNT dispersing method such as UW, grinding, ball milling, shear agitation; It is good wherein adopting ultrasonication.Utilize this kind method can prepare the CNT dispersion liquid of 1 μ g/ml-10mg/ml.
The pillar length of the chromatographic column of using and pillar diameter can be adjusted arbitrarily within the specific limits among the present invention; And can two above chromatographic column serial or parallel connections be formed chromatographic column series; Effectively improve isolating precision and purity, further carry out magnanimity mass-producing separation of C NT.
Filler matrix used in the present invention be inorganic or the organic elastomeric polymer gel in any.Optimum high-molecular gel,, agarose-VISOSE series serial like VISOSE series, agarose, SEPIGEL 305 are serial, VISOSE-SEPIGEL 305 series, Z 150PH is serial, PS is serial and polymethyl acrylic acid hydroxyl second fat gel in any one or two or more combination.Gel can be used as chromatographic column filler and is repeatedly used after reducing through the drip washing elutriant.
As the metallicity CNT of separate object, can be among the present invention,, not receive the restriction of its preparation method, caliber, pipe range and carbon tubular construction as long as comprise metallicity CNT through prepared any of laser evaporation method, arc discharge method, chemical Vapor deposition process.
Comprehensive above result, the conclusion that is drawn is:
CNT separation method of the present invention, critical process are to use inorganic or organic acid any one or the rough CNT of two or more combined treatment, reduce or remove carbon tube-surface metal catalyst particles thing.
Through the removal of metal catalyst particles is carried out on rough CNT surface, realized the separation of the metallicity CNT of different tube diameters.This phenomenon is because the removal of granules of catalyst makes tensio-active agent strengthen the recognition capability of the metallicity CNT radius-of-curvature of different tube diameters distribution; Thereby cause in the gel chromatography separation difference with the adsorption strength of separating medium; And embodying the different residence times, thereby realize the separation of different tube diameters metallicity CNT.Based on the diverse new separation mechanism of metallicity CNT separation method in the past.
Practical implementation example does not in sum constitute any limitation protection scope of the present invention.All employing equivalents or equivalence are replaced and the technical scheme of formation, all drop within the patented claim right protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the separation method of a carbon nanotube is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: get carbon nanotube and place acidic solution to carry out acidification;
Step 2: the carbon nanotube after the said acidification is made into the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid;
Step 3: said carbon nanotube dispersion liquid is added in the chromatographic column that contains filler matrix; Add a kind of elutriant or two or more elutriant combinations to said chromatographic column then; Collect effluent at said chromatographic column end in batches, realize that the priority of different carbon nanotubes is separated.
2. according to the separation method of the said carbon nanotube of claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Step 4: the combination with said a kind of elutriant or two or more elutriants is carried out drip washing repeatedly to said chromatographic column; And,
Step 5: repeat above-mentioned steps one～step 4, realize the separation of carbon nanotube magnanimity.
3. according to the separation method of claim 1 or 2 said carbon nanotubes, it is characterized in that said acidic solution is the aqueous solution of mineral acid or organic acid any one or two or more combinations that can the dissolution of metals catalyzer.
4. according to the separation method of claim 1 or 2 said carbon nanotubes; It is characterized in that, said filler matrix is that VISOSE series, agarose are serial, agarose-VISOSE series, SEPIGEL 305 are serial, VISOSE-SEPIGEL 305 series, Z 150PH is serial, PS is serial and polymethyl acrylic acid hydroxyl second fat gel in any one or two or more combination.
5. according to the separation method of the said carbon nanotube of claim 4, it is characterized in that, all contain tensio-active agent in the combination of said filler matrix, said elutriant, elutriant and/or the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid.
6. according to the separation method of the said carbon nanotube of claim 5, it is characterized in that said tensio-active agent is any one in AS, cats product, amphoterics and the nonionogenic tenside.
7. according to the separation method of the said carbon nanotube of claim 6, it is characterized in that said AS is the straight-chain alkyl vitriol of carbochain 10～14; Perhaps, said AS is any one or the two or more combination in sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium laurylsulfonate, Sodium cholic acid, the Sodium desoxycholate; Said ionic surfactant pack is drawn together polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether series.
8. according to the separation method of claim 1 or 2 said carbon nanotubes, it is characterized in that said chromatographic column is the chromatographic column series more than two that serial or parallel connection is provided with.
9. the separation method of carbon nanotube according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the compound method of said carbon nanotube dispersion liquid is one or more the combination in UW, grinding, ball milling, the shear agitation mode.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104118857A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-29 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Method used for automatic continuous chromatographic separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes |
| WO2021183737A1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | Yazaki Corporation | Method for separating carbon nanotubes using modified cellulose |
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Application publication date: 20120808 |